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Hejazi J, Ghobadian B, Ghasemi N, Sadeh H, Abedimanesh N, Rahimlou M. Relationship of serum irisin levels, physical activity, and metabolic syndrome biomarkers in obese individuals with low-calorie intake and non-obese individuals with high-calorie intake. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2025; 44:2. [PMID: 39748434 PMCID: PMC11697921 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00730-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 12/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite all the advances in our knowledge regarding obesity, our understanding of its etiology is still far from complete. This study aimed to evaluate the association of serum irisin levels with physical activity and some of the metabolic syndrome-related biomarkers among obese people with low-calorie intake and non-obese people with high-calorie intake. METHODS Obese and non-obese healthy individuals with respectively low and high-calorie intakes were recruited. Irisin and other biomarkers were measured using standard biochemical methods. Participants' physical activity was evaluated by administering the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). To analyze the body composition of the participants, a standard body composition device (ioi 353) was applied. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and to examine the effect of confounders such as age, sex, genetics, and activity. RESULTS Data from the seventy-seven participants were included in the final analysis. The mean age of the participants in the obese and non-obese groups was 38.33 ± 14.88 and 30.24 ± 13.37 years, respectively. Participants in the obese group had lower physical activity compared to the non-obese group (3395.38 ± 2801 MET-min/week vs. 6015.18 ± 3178 MET-min/week; p < 0.001). The Irisin concentration in the obese and non-obese groups was 7.84 ± 2.49 ng/ml and 8.06 ± 1.89 ng/ml, respectively, which wasn't significantly different (p = 0.66). We observed a noteworthy and favorable association between irisin concentration and total body water (TBW), lean body mass (LBM), and soft lean mass (SLM) in the non-obese group. CONCLUSIONS These data indicated that although obese participants were relatively inactive compared to non-obese individuals, circulating irisin level wasn't significantly different between the two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Hejazi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health and Metabolic Diseases Research Institute , Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Bijan Ghobadian
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Health and Metabolic Research Institute , Zanjan University of Medical Science , Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Nasrin Ghasemi
- Zanjan Health and Treatment Center, Health Deputy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Sadeh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Nasim Abedimanesh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mehran Rahimlou
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
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Keirns BH, Medlin AR, Maki KA, McClanahan K, Fruit SE, Sciarrillo CM, Hart SM, Joyce J, Lucas EA, Emerson SR. Biomarkers of intestinal permeability are associated with inflammation in metabolically healthy obesity but not normal-weight obesity. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 327:H1135-H1145. [PMID: 39212768 PMCID: PMC11901334 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00381.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation is reported in normal-weight obesity (NWO) and metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), which may be linked to their increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Yet, drivers of this inflammation remain unclear. We characterized factors known to influence inflammatory status (i.e., intestinal permeability, adipose tissue, diet quality, microbiota), and their relationships with measured inflammation, in NWO and MHO, healthy control subjects (CON), and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO; N = 80; n = 20/group). Serum indicators of intestinal permeability and inflammation were assessed by ELISA and/or multiplex. Total, visceral, and percent body fat were measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Fecal microbiota composition was assessed via 16S rRNA sequencing (n = 9-10/group). For C-reactive protein (CRP), MUO > NWO > CON (P < 0.0001). In MHO, CRP was intermediate and similar to both MUO and NWO. Lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) and the ratio of LBP to soluble CD14 (sCD14) were higher in MHO and MUO vs. CON/NWO (P < 0.0001). Across correlation and regression analyses, LBP consistently displayed the strongest relationships with CRP in the entire sample (r = 0.78; β = 0.57; P < 0.0001) and in MHO (r = 0.74; P < 0.01) but not NWO (r = 0.37; P = 0.11). Shannon index was higher in CON compared with MUO (P < 0.05) and inversely correlated with CRP in the full sample (r = -0.37; P < 0.05). These data are consistent with the notion that intestinal permeability is associated with low-grade inflammation in MHO, which could be implicated in this population's reported CVD risk.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to our knowledge to examine biomarkers of intestinal permeability in normal-weight obesity and one of few assessing microbiota compositions in this population. Additionally, we report that individuals with metabolically healthy obesity and metabolically unhealthy obesity displayed similar evidence of intestinal permeability, which was more strongly associated with systemic inflammation than total and visceral adipose tissue mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant H Keirns
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Austin R Medlin
- Department of Health & Wellness Design, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Katherine A Maki
- Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Kristen McClanahan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Sarah E Fruit
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Christina M Sciarrillo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Samantha M Hart
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Jill Joyce
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Edralin A Lucas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Sam R Emerson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
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Pelczyńska M, Miller-Kasprzak E, Piątkowski M, Mazurek R, Klause M, Suchecka A, Bucoń M, Bogdański P. The Role of Adipokines and Myokines in the Pathogenesis of Different Obesity Phenotypes-New Perspectives. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2046. [PMID: 38136166 PMCID: PMC10740719 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a characteristic disease of the twenty-first century that is affecting an increasing percentage of society. Obesity expresses itself in different phenotypes: normal-weight obesity (NWO), metabolically obese normal-weight (MONW), metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). A range of pathophysiological mechanisms underlie the occurrence of obesity, including inflammation, oxidative stress, adipokine secretion, and other processes related to the pathophysiology of adipose tissue (AT). Body mass index (BMI) is the key indicator in the diagnosis of obesity; however, in the case of the NWO and MONW phenotypes, the metabolic disturbances are present despite BMI being within the normal range. On the other hand, MHO subjects with elevated BMI values do not present metabolic abnormalities. The MUO phenotype involves both a high BMI value and an abnormal metabolic profile. In this regard, attention has been focused on the variety of molecules produced by AT and their role in the development of obesity. Nesfatin-1, neuregulin 4, myonectin, irisin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) all seem to have protective effects against obesity. The primary mechanism underlying the action of nesfatin-1 involves an increase in insulin sensitivity and reduced food intake. Neuregulin 4 sup-presses lipogenesis, decreases lipid accumulation, and reduces chronic low-grade inflammation. Myonectin lowers the amount of fatty acids in the bloodstream by increasing their absorption in the liver and AT. Irisin stimulates the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) and consequently in-creases energy expenditure, additionally regulating glucose metabolism. Another molecule, BDNF, has anorexigenic effects. Decorin protects against the development of hyperglycemia, but may also contribute to proinflammatory processes. Similar effects are shown in the case of visfatin and chemerin, which may predispose to obesity. Visfatin increases adipogenesis, causes cholesterol accumulation in macrophages, and contributes to the development of glucose intolerance. Chemerin induces angiogenesis, which promotes the expansion of AT. This review aims to discuss the role of adipokines and myokines in the pathogenesis of the different obesity phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pelczyńska
- Chair and Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 84 Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland; (E.M.-K.); (P.B.)
| | - Ewa Miller-Kasprzak
- Chair and Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 84 Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland; (E.M.-K.); (P.B.)
| | - Marcin Piątkowski
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812 Poznań, Poland
| | - Roksana Mazurek
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812 Poznań, Poland
| | - Mateusz Klause
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Suchecka
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812 Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bucoń
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Bogdański
- Chair and Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 84 Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland; (E.M.-K.); (P.B.)
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Fang P, She Y, Yu M, Min W, Shang W, Zhang Z. Adipose-Muscle crosstalk in age-related metabolic disorders: The emerging roles of adipo-myokines. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 84:101829. [PMID: 36563906 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes account for a considerable proportion of the global burden of age-related metabolic diseases. In age-related metabolic diseases, tissue crosstalk and metabolic regulation have been primarily linked to endocrine processes. Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue are endocrine organs that release myokines and adipokines into the bloodstream, respectively. These cytokines regulate metabolic responses in a variety of tissues, including skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. However, the intricate mechanisms underlying adipose-muscle crosstalk in age-related metabolic diseases are not fully understood. Recent exciting evidence suggests that myokines act to control adipose tissue functions, including lipolysis, browning, and inflammation, whereas adipokines mediate the beneficial actions of adipose tissue in the muscle, such as glucose uptake and metabolism. In this review, we assess the mechanisms of adipose-muscle crosstalk in age-related disorders and propose that the adipokines adiponectin and spexin, as well as the myokines irisin and interleukin-6 (IL-6), are crucial for maintaining the body's metabolic balance in age-related metabolic disorders. In addition, these changes of adipose-muscle crosstalk in response to exercise or dietary flavonoid consumption are part of the mechanisms of both functions in the remission of age-related metabolic disorders. A better understanding of the intricate relationships between adipose tissue and skeletal muscle could lead to more potent therapeutic approaches to prolong life and prevent age-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghua Fang
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yuqing She
- Department of Endocrinology, Pukou Branch of Jiangsu People's Hospital, Nanjing 211899, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wen Min
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wenbin Shang
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
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Li Y, Xu Z. Association between irisin and metabolic parameters in nondiabetic, nonobese adults: a meta-analysis. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14:152. [PMID: 36271416 PMCID: PMC9585756 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-022-00922-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irisin has been proposed to have a beneficial influence on the metabolic status of animals and humans. However, the relationship between circulating irisin levels and the risks of metabolic components in humans remains unclear. In the present meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the association between circulating irisin and metabolic parameters in nonobese, nondiabetic adults. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science and ClinicalTrial.gov using the main search terms and identified original articles published prior to March 7, 2022. Studies that met our inclusion criteria and reported the association between irisin and metabolic parameters were included in our meta-analysis. We used the Newcastle Ottawa scale to assess the quality of the included studies. RESULTS A total of 14 studies (711 subjects) in 11 articles were included for qualitative and quantitative synthesis. The pooled results showed that circulating irisin was positively and significantly correlated with fasting blood glucose (r = 0.159), HOMA-IR (r = 0.217) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (r = 0.168). However, no significant association was detected between irisin levels and other metabolic parameters. CONCLUSIONS Thus, these findings indicated the possible link between irisin levels and part of the metabolic parameters in apparently metabolically normal individuals. However, the regulation of irisin in metabolism in humans remains to be fully elucidated, and well-designed prospective studies will be needed in the future. Trial registration The review protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO): CRD42022315269.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China.
| | - Zhenbin Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
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Postprandial triglycerides, endothelial function, and inflammatory cytokines as potential candidates for early risk detection in normal-weight obesity. Obes Res Clin Pract 2022; 16:386-392. [PMID: 36127280 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM Normal-weight obesity (NWO) is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, NWO's clinical presentation is often unremarkable based on common risk factors. We examined whether CVD risk factors not routinely measured clinically including postprandial triglycerides, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and inflammatory cytokines would be abnormal in NWO, consistent with their future risk. METHODS Individuals were recruited into 3 groups (n = 10/ group): controls (Con), NWO, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Con was defined as a normal body mass index (BMI), < 25% (M) or < 35% (F) body fat, and < 1 International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. NWO were above this body fat cutoff while maintaining a normal BMI and MetS was defined per the IDF. Participants underwent an abbreviated fat tolerance test (i.e., difference in fasting and 4 h triglycerides following a high-fat meal [9 kcal/kg; 73% fat)] and fasting and postprandial lipid and glucose metrics, as well as FMD were measured. A T cell cytokine bioplex was also performed using fasting serum. RESULTS NWO and MetS had similar body fat% and both were higher than Con (p < 0.0001). Despite having similar fasting triglycerides to Con, NWO had 4-hour triglycerides 66% greater than Con, but 46% lower than MetS (p < 0.01). FMD decreased in all groups after the high-fat meal (p < 0.0001). MetS displayed lower fasting FMD than Con, and NWO was similar to both groups (p < 0.05). No group differences were observed with postprandial FMD and the majority of fasting cytokines assessed. However, MetS exhibited higher fasting TNF-α than Con (p < 0.05), and NWO was similar to both groups. CONCLUSIONS Overall, NWO was associated with higher postprandial triglycerides than Con, but displayed little evidence of impaired vascular health or inflammation.
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Normal weight obesity and unaddressed cardiometabolic health risk-a narrative review. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:2141-2155. [PMID: 34007010 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Normal weight obesity (NWO) is defined as having a normal body mass index (BMI), but a high body fat mass. There is growing interest in individuals with NWO, which is an underdiagnosed and understudied group, because of their increased risk for cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality. In this review, we summarized the definition, prevalence, etiology, pathophysiology, and cardiovascular outcomes seen in NWO. We have also summarized the available literature on interventions for NWO. There is a wide variation in the body fat percent cutoffs used to diagnose excess body fat. Hence, the prevalence rates of NWO vary between different populations and studies. It is estimated that about 30 million Americans have NWO and the worldwide prevalence ranges from 4.5% to 22%. Genetics, diet, and physical activity are related to NWO. However, etiological factors are not clear. Changes in body composition, inflammation, oxidative stress are present in NWO in comparison to normal weight lean (NWL) who have a normal BMI and normal body fat amount. Furthermore, cardiometabolic changes are observed and some are subclinical. Thus, screening for NWO will enhance the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Due to the use of various body fat percent cutoffs and methods to measure body fat, it is challenging to compare between studies. Researchers working in this field should ideally work towards developing standard body fat percent cutoffs for diagnosing NWO. There are many gaps in the literature on NWO unlike for overt obesity and future studies should explore the etiology, molecular mechanisms, and adipose tissue changes of NWO as well as conduct well planned and executed randomized controlled trials testing dietary, physical, and behavioral interventions for NWO in both males and females of different racial and age groups.
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Circulating Irisin in Healthy Adults: Changes after Acute Exercise, Correlation with Body Composition, and Energy Expenditure Parameters in Cross-Sectional Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56060274. [PMID: 32512797 PMCID: PMC7353853 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56060274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Skeletal muscles are considered to be the main source of circulating irisin, both at rest and during physical activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the connection between irisin, body composition, and energy metabolism in humans. Materials and Methods: Serum irisin concentrations before and after acute aerobic exercise on a treadmill in 84 healthy adults were measured and their association with body composition and energy expenditure (EE) (obtained from indirect calorimetry) was determined. Results: The total pre-exercise irisin concentrations in males and females were similar, but higher in females when expressed per body mass kg (p < 0.001). There was an association between pre-exercise irisin per body mass kg, visceral fat rating (rho = −0.52, p = 0.001), and lean tissue % (rho = 0.41, p < 0.05) in males and lean body mass index (LBMI) (rho = −0.59, p < 0.001) in females. The pre-exercise irisin concentration correlated with the resting metabolic rate (RMR) in both sexes (rho = 0.44 in males, rho = 0.36 in females; p < 0.05), but with walking, running, and the EE difference from RMR in running (Δ running EE) in males only (rho = 0.32 to 0.37, p < 0.05). There was no significant change in irisin concentration after exercise in 58% of participants, while it decreased in 23%, and increased in 19%. In male subjects with no change in irisin concentration after exercise, running (p < 0.05) and Δ running EE per body mass kg (p < 0.05) were higher than in those with decreased irisin concentration. Conclusions: These findings indicate that the association of irisin concentration with body composition and EE parameters has sex-dependent differences, and acute exercise can lead to various changes in post-exercise irisin levels.
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Murawska-Cialowicz E, Wolanski P, Zuwala-Jagiello J, Feito Y, Petr M, Kokstejn J, Stastny P, Goliński D. Effect of HIIT with Tabata Protocol on Serum Irisin, Physical Performance, and Body Composition in Men. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17103589. [PMID: 32443802 PMCID: PMC7277607 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is frequently utilized as a method to reduce body mass. Its intensity of work results in a number of beneficial adaptive changes in a relatively short period of time. Irisin is a myokine and adipokine secreted to the blood during exercise and it takes part in the regulation of energy metabolism. It is a vital issue from the prophylaxis point of view as well as treatment through exercise of different diseases (e.g., obesity, type-2 diabetes). The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in irisin concentration, body composition, and aerobic and anaerobic performance in men after HIIT. Eight weeks of HIIT following the Tabata protocol was applied in the training group (HT) (n = 15), while a sedentary group (SED) (n = 10) did not participate in fitness activities within the same time period. Changes of irisin, body composition, and aerobic and anaerobic performance were evaluated after graded exercise test (GXT) and Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) before and after eight weeks of training. Training resulted in an increased of blood irisin concentration (by 29.7%) p < 0.05), VO2max increase (PRE: 44.86 ± 5.74 mL·kg−1·min−1; POST: 50.16 ± 5.80 mL kg−1·min−1; p < 0.05), reduction in percent body fat (PRE: 14.44 ± 3.33%; POST: 13.61 ± 3.16%; p < 0.05), and increase of WAnT parameters (p < 0.05) in the HT group. No changes were observed in the SED group. HIIT resulted in beneficial effects in the increase in blood irisin concentration, physical performance, and reduced fat content. The HIIT may indicate an acceleration of base metabolism. This effect can be utilized in the prevention or treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Murawska-Cialowicz
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.W.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence: (E.M.-C.); (P.S.)
| | - Pawel Wolanski
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.W.); (D.G.)
| | | | - Yuri Feito
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA;
| | - Miroslav Petr
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 162-52 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Jakub Kokstejn
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 162-52 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Petr Stastny
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 162-52 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: (E.M.-C.); (P.S.)
| | - Dawid Goliński
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.W.); (D.G.)
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Amri J, Parastesh M, Sadegh M, Latifi SA, Alaee M. High-intensity interval training improved fasting blood glucose and lipid profiles in type 2 diabetic rats more than endurance training; possible involvement of irisin and betatrophin. Physiol Int 2019; 106:213-224. [PMID: 31578075 DOI: 10.1556/2060.106.2019.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of 10 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and endurance training (END) on irisin, betatrophin, insulin, fasting blood glucose (FBG) concentrations, and lipid profiles in diabetic rats. METHODS Twenty-four Wistar rats (weight: 200-250 g) were randomly assigned into four groups as follows: (1) control (Cnt), (2) diabetic (Dibt), (3) diabetic HIIT (Dibt-HIIT), and (4) diabetic END (Dibt-END). For inducing diabetes, after 12 h of food starvation, nicotinamide (120 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (STZ; 65 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally injected. The diabetic training groups received 10 weeks of HIIT or END training following the induction of diabetes. Twenty-four hours following the last training session, blood serum samples were collected for evaluating the concentration of irisin, betatrophin, and insulin hormones through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS FBG and lipid profiles were measured by biochemical kits. A significant increase in the serum concentration of irisin (p < 0.05), betatrophin (p < 0.05), and insulin (p < 0.001) and significant decrease in the FBG (P < 0.01) and lipid profiles (p < 0.01) were observed in the Dibt-HIIT group compared to the Dibt-END group. In addition, irisin revealed a significant positive association with betatrophin and insulin values in diabetic training groups (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS It seems that HIIT leads to a more extensive improvement in diabetic conditions compared to the END training. Therefore, HIIT appears to be an important time-efficient approach for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Amri
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - M Parastesh
- Department of Sports Physiology and Pathology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - M Sadegh
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - S A Latifi
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - M Alaee
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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Jia J, Yu F, Wei WP, Yang P, Zhang R, Sheng Y, Shi YQ. Relationship between circulating irisin levels and overweight/obesity: A meta-analysis. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:1444-1455. [PMID: 31363472 PMCID: PMC6656672 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i12.1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, the findings about irisin as a novel myokine related to obesity are inconsistent in overweight/obese people. To our knowledge, no systematic analysis has been conducted to evaluate the relationship between irisin levels and overweight/obesity.
AIM To evaluate the association between circulating irisin levels and overweight/obesity.
METHODS The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and the ISI Web of Science were searched to retrieve all of the studies associated with circulating irisin levels and overweight/obesity. Standard mean difference values and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated and pooled using meta-analysis methodology.
RESULTS A total of 18 studies were included in our meta-analysis containing 1005 cases and 1242 controls. Our analysis showed that the circulating irisin level in overweight/obese people was higher than that in overall healthy controls (random effects MD = 0.63; 95%CI: 0.22-1.05; P = 0.003). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, the irisin level was higher in overweight/obesity people than that in controls in Africa (random effects MD = 3.41; 95%CI: 1.23-5.59; P < 0.05) but not in European, Asian, or American populations. In addition, in a subgroup analysis by age, the results showed that obese children exhibited a higher irisin level than controls (random effects MD = 0.86; 95%CI: 0.28-1.43; P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION This meta-analysis provides evidence that circulating irisin is higher in obese individuals compared to healthy controls and it is important to identify the relationship between circulating irisin levels and overweight/obesity in predicting overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Jia
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fan Yu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei-Ping Wei
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ren Zhang
- Department of Library of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yue Sheng
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong-Qin Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu Province, China
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12
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Li H, Shen J, Wu T, Kuang J, Liu Q, Cheng S, Pu S, Chen L, Li R, Li Y, Zou M, Zhang Z, Jiang W, Qu A, He J. Irisin Is Controlled by Farnesoid X Receptor and Regulates Cholesterol Homeostasis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:548. [PMID: 31191305 PMCID: PMC6546903 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate whether the nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) could regulate FNDC5/Irisin expression and the role of Irisin in hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. Methods and Results We treated primary human hepatocytes, HepG2 cells, and Rhesus macaques with FXR agonist (CDCA, GW4064, and ivermectin). FNDC5 expression was highly induced by CDCA and GW4064 in hepatocytes, HepG2 cells, and the circulating level of Irisin increased in Rhesus macaques. Luciferase reporter and CHIP assays were used to determine whether FXR could regulate FNDC5 promoter activity. Irisin-ApoE-/- and ApoE-/- mice were used to study the metabolic function of Irisin in dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. Irisin-ApoE-/- mice showed improved hyperlipidemia and alleviated atherosclerosis as compared with ApoE-/- mice. Irisin upregulated the expression of Abcg5/Abcg8 in liver and intestine, which increased the transport of biliary cholesterol and fecal cholesterol output. Conclusion Activation of FXR induces FNDC5 mRNA expression in human and increased the circulating level of Irisin in Rhesus macaques. FNDC5/Irisin is a direct transcriptional target of FXR. Irisin may be a novel therapeutic strategy for dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiangying Kuang
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinhui Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shihai Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyun Pu
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Molecular Medicine Research Center - Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aijuan Qu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhan He
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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13
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Association between Irisin, hs-CRP, and Metabolic Status in Children and Adolescents with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:6737318. [PMID: 31015797 PMCID: PMC6446111 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6737318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines and the novel myokine irisin, a cleavage product of FNDC5, have been found to play a role in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Irisin has been shown to increase browning of adipose tissue, thermogenesis, energy expenditure, and insulin sensitivity, yet its association with inflammatory markers is still limited. Circulating irisin has been found to be increased in obesity, while in adult subjects with T2DM decreased levels have been found. However, data establishing the association of circulating irisin in children and adolescents with T2DM has not been described in the literature. The objective of this study was to determine irisin plasma concentration and its association with metabolic and adiposity markers and with hs-CRP, a surrogate marker of inflammation used in clinical practice, in a pediatric population with T2DM. A cross-sample of 40 Mexican children and adolescents aged 7-17 were recruited, 20 diagnosed with T2DM and 20 healthy controls. Plasma irisin levels were found to be lower in the T2DM group compared with controls, which could be attributed to a reduced PGC-1α activity in muscle tissue with a consequent decrease in FNDC5 and irisin expression. Irisin concentration was found to be positively correlated with HDL-c, LDL-c, and total cholesterol, while negatively correlated with BMI, waist circumference, and triglycerides. However, after multiple regression analysis, only HDL-c correlation remained significant. hs-CRP was higher in the T2DM group and positively associated with adiposity markers, unfavorable lipid profile, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR, but no association with irisin was found. Given the favorable metabolic effects attributed to irisin, the low plasma levels found in children and adolescents with T2DM could exacerbate the inflammatory and metabolic imbalances and the intrinsic cardiovascular risk of this disease. We propose an "irisin-proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory axis" to explain the role of irisin as a metabolic regulator in obesity and T2DM.
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14
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El Haddad H, Sedrak H, Naguib M, Yousief E, Ibrahim DR, Abdel Samie RM, Hamdy A. Irisin level in type 2 diabetic patients and its relation to glycemic control and diabetic complications. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-019-00717-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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15
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Gonzalez-Gil AM, Peschard-Franco M, Castillo EC, Gutierrez-DelBosque G, Treviño V, Silva-Platas C, Perez-Villarreal L, Garcia-Rivas G, Elizondo-Montemayor L. Myokine-adipokine cross-talk: potential mechanisms for the association between plasma irisin and adipokines and cardiometabolic risk factors in Mexican children with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2019; 11:63. [PMID: 31404407 PMCID: PMC6683550 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-019-0458-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipokines and the myokine irisin, involved in mechanisms associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS), are understudied in the pediatric population. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between irisin, and leptin, resistin, adiponectin, adipsin, anthropometric and cardiovascular risk factors in Mexican children. METHODS A cross-sample of 126 Mexican children aged 6-12 years old were classified as normal weight (n = 46), obese (n = 40), and MS (n = 40) according to CDC's and Cook's age-modified criteria for obesity and MS. Anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were determined and percentiles calculated for age and gender. Irisin, leptin, adiponectin, adipsin, resistin, triglycerides, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels, and physical activity were determined. Statistical tests for differences between groups, correlation, and multiple regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Irisin plasma levels were significantly lower in the obese (6.08 [4.68-6.65]) and MS groups (6.46 [5.74-7.02]) compared with the normal-weight group (8.05 [7.24-8.94]) (p < 0.001). Irisin levels were not influenced by age or gender, but significant dispersion was observed in obese girls (95% CI median [2.29-6.30]). Leptin, resistin, and adipsin levels were significantly increased in the obese and MS groups. Lean-fat ratio was significantly higher in the NW group. Irisin correlated negatively with leptin (- 0.310), resistin (- 0.389), adipsin (- 0.362), BMI% (-0.472), WC% (- 0.453), BMI z-score (- 0.496), fat free mass (- 0.257), fat percentage (- 0.532), fat mass (- 0.515), triglycerides (- 0.291), the number of cardiometabolic risk factors (- 0.443) (p < 0.001); positively with lean-fat ratio (0.489) and HDL-c (0.328) (p < 0.001) and none with physical activity (p < 0.001). Following stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, the lean-fat ratio was the only determinant of irisin levels (B = 1.168, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Lean-fat ratio, more than the absolute amount of muscle or fat mass, as well as potential myokine-adipokine cross-talk mechanisms may explain the lower irisin levels in children with obesity and MS, through blunted compensatory responses interfering with tissue-dependent irisin secretion, contributing to a continuous deleterious effect cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M. Gonzalez-Gil
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
- Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 300, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
| | - Mariana Peschard-Franco
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
- Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 300, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
| | - Elena C. Castillo
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
- Cardiovascular and Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, Tecnologico de Monterrey, 66278 San Pedro Garza Garcia, P.C. Mexico
| | - Gustavo Gutierrez-DelBosque
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
- Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 300, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
| | - Victor Treviño
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
| | - Christian Silva-Platas
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
- Cardiovascular and Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, Tecnologico de Monterrey, 66278 San Pedro Garza Garcia, P.C. Mexico
| | - Luisa Perez-Villarreal
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
- Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 300, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
| | - Gerardo Garcia-Rivas
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
- Cardiovascular and Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, Tecnologico de Monterrey, 66278 San Pedro Garza Garcia, P.C. Mexico
| | - Leticia Elizondo-Montemayor
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
- Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 300, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
- Cardiovascular and Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, Tecnologico de Monterrey, 66278 San Pedro Garza Garcia, P.C. Mexico
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16
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Mahgoub MO, D'Souza C, Al Darmaki RSMH, Baniyas MMYH, Adeghate E. An update on the role of irisin in the regulation of endocrine and metabolic functions. Peptides 2018; 104:15-23. [PMID: 29608940 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Irisin is a novel myokine and adipokine that has gained much attention recently due to its mechanisms of action. Irisin is secreted following proteolytic cleavage of its precursor fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5). Following its release, irisin exerts its major action by increasing the expression of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP 1), which facilitates the conversion of white adipose tissue (WAT) into beige adipose tissue. Irisin is distributed in various body tissues and several actions have been attributed to its presence in those tissues. It has been suggested that it plays a role in metabolic diseases, ageing, inflammation and neurogenesis. However, the circulating levels of irisin are modulated by several factors such as diet, obesity, exercise, pharmacological agents and different pathological conditions. In this review, we have discussed the mechanisms by which irisin influences the functions of different body systems and how external factors in turn affect the circulating level of irisin. In conclusion, modification of circulating irisin level may help in the management of a variety of endocrine and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Omer Mahgoub
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Post Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Crystal D'Souza
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Post Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Reem S M H Al Darmaki
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Post Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - May M Y H Baniyas
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Post Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ernest Adeghate
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Post Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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17
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Fatima SS, Khalid E, Ladak AA, Ali SA. Colostrum and mature breast milk analysis of serum irisin and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins-1c in gestational diabetes mellitus. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 32:2993-2999. [PMID: 29609490 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1454422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: We aimed to evaluate irisin and SREBP-1c levels in serum, colostrum and mature breast milk in women with and without gestational diabetes (GDM); and to relate them with maternal glucose, lipid profile and weight status of babies. Methods: GDM positive women (n = 33) and normal glucose tolerant women (NGT) (n = 33) were recruited. Maternal blood samples were collected at 28th week of gestation and later at 6-week post-partum while breast milk samples of the lactating mothers were collected within 72 hours of birth (colostrum) and at 6 weeks post-partum (mature milk). Irisin and SREBP-1c levels were analyzed by commercially available ELISA kits for all maternal samples. Results: Lower levels of irisin were seen in serum, colostrum and mature breast milk of GDM females (p < .01). SREBP-1c profile showed a similar trend of low serum levels in GDM, however, they were undetectable in colostrum and mature breast milk. Weak to moderate correlations of serum irisin with BMI (r = 0.439; p < .001), GTT 0 hours (r = 0.403; p = .01), HbA1c (r = -0.312; p = .011), Fasting blood glucose (r = 0.992; p = .008), and baby weight at birth (r = 0.486; p < .001). Colostrum and mature breast milk irisin showed positive associations with baby weight at 6 weeks (r = 0.325; p = .017; r = 0.296; p = .022, respectively). Serum SREBP-1c at 6 weeks correlated with random blood glucose (r = 0.318; p = .009), and HbA1c (r= -0.292; p = .011). All correlations were lost once we adjusted for maternal BMI. Conclusions: Low irisin and SREBP1-c levels may favor development of GDM in pregnant subjects. Further, low mature breast milk levels may act as a continued stressor from fetal to infant life as long as breast-feeding is continued. Further studies are required to identify the mechanistic relationship between these biomarkers and GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Sadia Fatima
- a Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences , Aga Khan University , Karachi , Pakistan
| | - Erum Khalid
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Hamdard University , Karachi , Pakistan
| | | | - Syed Adnan Ali
- d Department of Statistics , University of Karachi , Karachi , Pakistan
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18
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Serum levels of irisin predict short-term outcomes in ischemic stroke. Cytokine 2018; 122:154303. [PMID: 29472066 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Irisin is a 112-amino acid peptide found in rat and human skeletal muscle after exercise. Previous studies had suggested that higher circulating irisin levels were associated with an increased risk of vascular atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we determined irisin levels in serum, and investigated their associations with functional outcomes in a 3-month follow-up study in Chinese patients with first-ever acute ischemic stroke (AIS). METHODS From September 2015 to December 2016, consecutive first-ever AIS patients admitted to the Department of Emergency of our hospital were identified. Serum irisin levels were measured at admission. Functional impairment was evaluated at discharge using the modified Rankin scale. The levels of irisin were expressed as median and interquartile ranges [IQR]. RESULTS The irisin level was obtained in 324 patients (97.6%) with a median value of 291.2 ng/ml (IQR: 214.1-404.2 ng/ml). There were significantly negative correlations between levels of irisin and NHISS (r = -0.272; P < 0.001) and BMI (r = -0.193; P = 0.003). A poor functional outcome was found in 99 patients (30.6%; 95%CI: 25.5-35.6%). The poor functional outcome distribution across the irisin quartiles ranged between 51.9% (first quartile: Q1) to 12.4% (fourth quartile: Q4). In a multivariate model using the Q1 of irisin vs. Q2-4 together with the clinical variables, the marker displayed prognostic information and increased risk of poor outcomes by 94% (OR for Q1, 1.94 [95% CI, 1.19-3.42]; P = 0.018) and mortality 66% (OR for Q1, 1.66 [95% CI, 1.11-3.07]; P = 0.009). In addition, a model containing known risk factors plus irisin compared with a model containing known risk factors without irisin showed a greater discriminatory ability to predict poor outcomes (P = 0.01) and mortality (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS A low serum irisin level is a predictor of poor early functional outcome in ischemic stroke patients. The underlying mechanisms of these associations remain to be investigated.
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19
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Polyzos SA, Anastasilakis AD, Efstathiadou ZA, Makras P, Perakakis N, Kountouras J, Mantzoros CS. Irisin in metabolic diseases. Endocrine 2018; 59:260-274. [PMID: 29170905 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1476-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Irisin is a myokine/adipokine induced by the exercise in mice and humans, which is proposed to induce "browning" of white adipose tissue, its primary target, thus increasing thermogenesis and energy expenditure. Since its identification, irisin has been linked to favorable effects on metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), lipid metabolism and cardiovascular disease (CVD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and metabolic bone diseases. Generally, despite the promising profile of irisin in rodents, its effects on human are less recognized. REVIEW Most, but not all studies show a positive association between irisin and indices of adiposity. In T2DM, NAFLD, and CVD, most observational studies reported lower irisin levels in patients than controls. Regarding metabolic bone diseases, irisin is positively associated with bone mineral density and strength in athletes, and inversely associated with osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis. In PCOS, data remain largely conflicting. Irisin does not seem to be further reduced when two metabolic diseases, e.g., T2DM and NAFLD, or obesity and NAFLD exist though more data are needed. Furthermore, it seems that diverse confounders may have affected the results of different clinical studies. CONCLUSION Irisin remains an appealing molecule from a pathophysiological point of view and an appealing therapeutic target for metabolic diseases, albeit much research is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stergios A Polyzos
- First Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | | | - Zoe A Efstathiadou
- Department of Endocrinology, Ippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Polyzois Makras
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 251 Hellenic Air Force General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Perakakis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jannis Kountouras
- Second Medical Clinic, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Akour A, Kasabri V, Boulatova N, Bustanji Y, Naffa R, Hyasat D, Khawaja N, Bustanji H, Zayed A, Momani M. Levels of metabolic markers in drug-naive prediabetic and type 2 diabetic patients. Acta Diabetol 2017; 54:163-170. [PMID: 27752839 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-016-0926-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and prediabetes (pre-DM) are associated with changes in levels of metabolic markers. The main aim of this study is to compare the levels of omentin, irisin, endothelin-1, nesfatin, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), fibroblast growth factor, and oxytocin (OXT) between normoglycemic and pre-DM/T2DM obese Jordanian patients. METHODS One hundred and ninety-eight adult Jordanian subjects were recruited. Demographic data and clinical parameters were collected. The serum levels of biomarkers were measured by enzymatic assay procedure. RESULTS Compared to normoglycemic (95 subjects), pre-DM/T2DM (103 subjects) displayed higher HGF (ng/ml) = 78.8 (71.4-104) versus 55.9 (45.3-66.6), p < 0.0001; and nesfatin (ng/ml) = 0.5 (0.4-0.7) versus 0.2 (0.1-0.4), p < 0.0001; betatrophin (ng/ml) = 1.2 (0.8-1.6) versus 0.22 (0.15-0.41), p < 0.0001. On the other hand, they had lower levels of omentin (ng/ml) = 2.1 (0.9-3.3) versus 3.6 (2.0-6.4), p < 0.0001, irisin (ng/ml) = 113.7 (88.9-142.9) versus 132.6 (110.7-147.8), p < 0.0001; and oxytocin (pg/ml) = 1077.9 (667.3-1506.0) versus 2180.1 (1464.5-2795.6), p < 0.0001; respectively. In comparison, FGF-21 (ng/ml) = 0.3 (0.2-0.5) versus 0.2 (0.1-0.4), and endothelin (pg/ml) = 2.7 (1.3-5.2) versus 2.8 (1.6-5.6) did not differ between the two groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In the present study, patients with pre-DM and T2DM have higher serum levels of metabolic HGF, nesfatin, and betatrophin and lower levels of omentin, irisin, and OXT. Future longitudinal and interventional studies are required to confirm the utility of these markers as novel progression or therapeutic targets in the pharmacotherapy of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Akour
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
| | - Violet Kasabri
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Nailya Boulatova
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Yasser Bustanji
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Randa Naffa
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Dana Hyasat
- National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nahla Khawaja
- National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics, Amman, Jordan
| | - Haidar Bustanji
- National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ayman Zayed
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Munther Momani
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
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Mahmoodnia L, Sadoughi M, Ahmadi A, Kafeshani M. Relationship between serum irisin, glycemic indices, and renal function in type 2 diabetic patients. J Renal Inj Prev 2016; 6:88-92. [PMID: 28497081 PMCID: PMC5423290 DOI: 10.15171/jrip.2017.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Irisin is a novel peptide that plays notable role in human and animal biology and physiology. It has been reported that irisin may improve insulin resistance and related disturbances.
Objectives: The aim of this investigation was to assess the relationship between serum irisin, glycemic indices, and renal function in diabetic subjects.
Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 102 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients were recruited. Blood biochemical parameters, including fasting plasma sugar (FBS), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), serum uric acid (sUA), creatinine concentration and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were measured. All statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 16.0.
Results: There was a positive correlation between irisin and age (P=0.05, r=0.19) and a negative correlation between irisin and body mass index (BMI) (P=0.01, r=-0.25) was detected. There was a significant difference of serum irisin level between patients with normal and abnormal FBS too.
Conclusion: In this study we found, irisin concentration was increased with age, decreased with BMI, and it was higher in subject with abnormal FBS. Thus further research is needed to provide inclusive understanding of irisin associated physiological effects and possible implications in clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mahmoodnia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Maryam Sadoughi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ali Ahmadi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Marzieh Kafeshani
- School of Nutrition & Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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