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Rodríguez Montaño R, Alarcón-Sánchez MA, Martínez Nieto M, Varela Hernández JJ, Lomelí Martínez SM. Application of nanotechnology to dentistry: Impact of graphene nanocomposites on clinical air quality. World J Clin Cases 2025; 13:100839. [PMID: 40094115 PMCID: PMC11670009 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v13.i8.100839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2024] [Revised: 11/02/2024] [Accepted: 11/15/2024] [Indexed: 12/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Concerns about air quality in dental clinics where aerosol generation during procedures poses significant health risks, have prompted investigations on advanced disinfection technologies. This editorial describes the strengths and limitations of ventilation and aerosol control measures in dental offices, especially with respect to the use of graphene nanocomposites. The potential of graphene nanocomposites as an innovative solution to aerosol-associated health risks is examined in this review due to the unique properties of graphene (e.g., high conductivity, mechanical strength, and antimicrobial activity). These properties have produced promising results in various fields, but the application of graphene in dentistry remains unexplored. The recent study by Ju et al which was published in World Journal of Clinical Cases evaluated the effectiveness of graphene-based air disinfection systems in dental clinics. The study demonstrated that graphene-based disinfection techniques produced significant reductions in suspended particulate matter and bacterial colony counts, when compared with traditional methods. Despite these positive results, challenges such as material saturation, frequency of filter replacement, and associated costs must be addressed before widespread adoption of graphene-based disinfection techniques in clinical practice. Therefore, there is need for further research on material structure optimization, long-term safety evaluations, and broader clinical applications, in order to maximize their positive impact on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Rodríguez Montaño
- Department of Health and Illness as an Individual and Collective Process, University Center of Tlajomulco, University of Guadalajara, Tlajomulco de Zuñiga 45641, Jalisco, Mexico
- Institute of Research in Dentistry, Department of Integral Dental Clinics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Mario A Alarcón-Sánchez
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Guerrero 39090, Mexico
- Instituto Odontológico del Pacífico Sur, Chilpancingo de los Bravo 39022, Mexico
| | | | - Juan J Varela Hernández
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlan 47810, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Sarah M Lomelí Martínez
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlan 47810, Jalisco, Mexico
- Master of Public Health, Department of Well-being and Sustainable Development, Centro Universitario del Norte, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlan 46200, Jalisco, Mexico
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Alomran WK, Nizami MZI, Xu HHK, Sun J. Evolution of Dental Resin Adhesives-A Comprehensive Review. J Funct Biomater 2025; 16:104. [PMID: 40137383 PMCID: PMC11942969 DOI: 10.3390/jfb16030104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2025] [Revised: 02/28/2025] [Accepted: 03/03/2025] [Indexed: 03/27/2025] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review of dental resin adhesives explores their historical development, key components, recent innovations, and potential future directions, highlighting a dynamic and continually advancing field. From Buonocore's breakthrough acid-etching technique and Bowen's pioneering dental resin invention, successive generations of clinicians and scientists have pushed forward the technological and materials development for secure bonding, while preserving dental tissues. The review discusses the substantial advances in improving adhesive reliability, enabling more conservative treatment approaches. It also delves into enhancing fundamental adhesive components and their synergistic combinations. Recent innovations, including biostable and functional resins, nanotechnology, and bioactive components, address persistent challenges such as durability, antimicrobial efficacy, and therapeutic functionality. Emerging technologies, such as digital dentistry, artificial intelligence, and bioinspired adhesives, portend an exciting and promising future for dental adhesives. This review underscores the critical role of ongoing research in developing biocompatible, multifunctional, and durable adhesives. It aims to support dental professionals and researchers by providing a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic progression of dental adhesives, inspiring continued innovation and excellence in restorative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waad Khalid Alomran
- ADA Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Hockin H. K. Xu
- Department of Biomaterials and Regenerative Dental Medicine, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jirun Sun
- ADA Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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Lin Q, Chen H, Zheng S, Lin L, Zhu S. Effect of antibacterial agents on dentin bonding system: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prosthet Dent 2025:S0022-3913(25)00048-4. [PMID: 39920034 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2024] [Revised: 01/10/2025] [Accepted: 01/15/2025] [Indexed: 02/09/2025]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Research on antibacterial dental adhesives has increased over the last few years. However, whether antibacterial agents improve the efficacy of dentin bonding has not yet been determined. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate whether antibacterial agents improve the efficacy of dentin bonding at the resin-dentin interface and to identify possible mechanisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS Studies published within the last 10 years up to April 2024 were searched in 5 databases: PubMed (MedLine), EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. A random-effects meta-analysis model was used, and pooled effect estimates were obtained by comparing the standardized mean difference (α=.05). RESULTS A total of 61 studies with 9 different types of antibacterial agent were included in the qualitative and quantitative analyses. The meta-analysis indicated that treatment with metal-based inorganic antibacterial agents improved both the immediate and long-term bond strength values (P<.05). Moreover, incorporating carbon-based substances, quaternary ammonium compounds, chlorhexidine, methacrylate derivatives, and antibiotics enhanced the long-term bond strength of the resin composites to dentin (P<.05). Subgroup analysis indicated that including metal-based inorganic antibacterial agents, quaternary ammonium compounds, and methacrylate derivatives in etch-and-rinse (ER) adhesives improved dentin bond strength (P<.05), whereas carbon-based materials in self-etching (SE) adhesives showed better bonding performance. CONCLUSIONS The introduction of some antibacterial agents into the bonding system improved in vitro bond strength and inhibited bacterial growth. However, clinical trials should be conducted to verify in vivo antibacterial effects and bond strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lin
- Postgraduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
| | - Huan Chen
- Postgraduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
| | - Shuyao Zheng
- Postgraduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
| | - Lingkang Lin
- Postgraduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
| | - Song Zhu
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China.
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Kaushik A, Kest H, Sood M, Thieman C, Steussy BW, Padomek M, Gupta S. Infective Endocarditis by Biofilm-Producing Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus-Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:1132. [PMID: 39766522 PMCID: PMC11672591 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13121132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2024] [Revised: 11/15/2024] [Accepted: 11/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening condition with increasing global incidence, primarily caused by Staphylococcus aureus, especially methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA). Biofilm formation by S. aureus is a critical factor in pathogenesis, contributing to antimicrobial resistance and complicating the treatment of infections involving prosthetic valves and cardiovascular devices. Biofilms provide a protective matrix for MRSA, shielding it from antibiotics and host immune defenses, leading to persistent infections and increased complications, particularly in cases involving prosthetic materials. Clinical manifestations range from acute to chronic presentations, with complications such as heart failure, embolic events, and neurological deficits. Diagnosis relies on the Modified Duke Criteria, which have been updated to incorporate modern cardiovascular interventions and advanced imaging techniques, such as PET/CT (positron emission tomography, computed tomography), to improve the detection of biofilm-associated infections. Management of MRSA-associated IE requires prolonged antimicrobial therapy, often with vancomycin or daptomycin, needing a combination of antimicrobials in the setting of prosthetic materials and frequently necessitates surgical intervention to remove infected prosthetic material or repair damaged heart valves. Anticoagulation remains controversial, with novel therapies like dabigatran showing potential benefits in reducing thrombus formation. Despite progress in treatment, biofilm-associated resistance poses ongoing challenges. Emerging therapeutic strategies, including combination antimicrobial regimens, bacteriophage therapy, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs), hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems, offer promising approaches to overcoming biofilm-related resistance and improving patient outcomes. This review provides an overview of the pathogenesis, current management guidelines, and future directions for treating biofilm-related MRSA IE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlesha Kaushik
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Unity Point Health at St. Luke’s Regional Medical Center and University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 2720 Stone Park Blvd, Sioux City, IA 51104, USA
| | - Helen Kest
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, St. Joseph’s Children’s Hospital, 703 Main Street, Paterson, NJ 07503, USA;
| | - Mangla Sood
- Department of Pediatrics, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla 171006, HP, India;
| | - Corey Thieman
- Division of Pharmacology, Unity Point Health at St. Luke’s Regional Medical Center, 2720 Stone Park Blvd, Sioux City, IA 51104, USA; (C.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Bryan W. Steussy
- Division of Microbiology, Unity Point Health at St. Luke’s Regional Medical Center, 2720 Stone Park Blvd, Sioux City, IA 51104, USA;
| | - Michael Padomek
- Division of Pharmacology, Unity Point Health at St. Luke’s Regional Medical Center, 2720 Stone Park Blvd, Sioux City, IA 51104, USA; (C.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Sandeep Gupta
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Unity Point Health at St. Luke’s Regional Medical Center, 2720 Stone Park Blvd, Sioux City, IA 51104, USA;
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Dai D, Li D, Zhang C. Unraveling Nanomaterials in Biomimetic Mineralization of Dental Hard Tissue: Focusing on Advantages, Mechanisms, and Prospects. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2405763. [PMID: 39206945 PMCID: PMC11516058 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202405763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The demineralization of dental hard tissue imposes considerable health and economic burdens worldwide, but an optimal method that can repair both the chemical composition and complex structures has not been developed. The continuous development of nanotechnology has created new opportunities for the regeneration and repair of dental hard tissue. Increasingly studies have reported that nanomaterials (NMs) can induce and regulate the biomimetic mineralization of dental hard tissue, but few studies have examined how they are involved in the different stages, let alone the relevant mechanisms of action. Besides their nanoscale dimensions and excellent designability, NMs play a corresponding role in the function of the raw materials for mineralization, mineralized microenvironment, mineralization guidance, and the function of mineralized products. This review comprehensively summarizes the advantages of NMs and examines the specific mineralization mechanisms. Design strategies to promote regeneration and repair are summarized according to the application purpose of NMs in the oral cavity, and limitations and development directions in dental hard tissue remineralization are proposed. This review can provide a theoretical basis to understand the interaction between NMs and the remineralization of dental hard tissue, thereby optimizing design strategy, rational development, and clinical application of NMs in the field of remineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Dai
- Stomatological HospitalSchool of StomatologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510280China
| | - Dan Li
- Stomatological HospitalSchool of StomatologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510280China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Stomatological HospitalSchool of StomatologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510280China
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Moreira E Moraes RU, Abreu MAP, Frazão MCA, Ferreira PVC, Bauer J, Carvalho CN, Carvalho EM. Effect of Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles Incorporation on the Mechanical Properties of a Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2401. [PMID: 39274034 PMCID: PMC11396858 DOI: 10.3390/polym16172401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of incorporating different concentrations of graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC). A commercial RMGIC (Resiglass R, Biodinâmica) was modified by incorporating 0.1% and 0.5% (by weight) of GO into the powder's material. An unmodified RMGIC was used as a control group. Powder samples were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). Specimens were fabricated and subjected to flexural strength (n = 15), modulus of elasticity (n = 15), Vicker's microhardness (n = 10), and surface roughness tests (n = 10). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (α = 5%). Experimental groups' powder demonstrated a homogeneous dispersion of GO. No statistically significant difference was observed in flexural strength (p = 0.067) and modulus of elasticity (p = 0.143) tests. The groups containing 0.1% and 0.5% GO showed significantly higher microhardness and lower surface roughness values (p < 0.001) compared to the control group. The incorporation of GO nanoparticles at concentrations of 0.1% and 0.5% improved the microhardness and surface roughness without negatively affecting the flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of an RMGIC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mayara Cristina Abas Frazão
- Dentistry Postgraduate Program, University Ceuma, R. Josué Montello, 1, Renascença II, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
| | - Paulo Vitor Campos Ferreira
- Dentistry Biomaterials Laboratory (Biomma), School of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| | - José Bauer
- Dentistry Biomaterials Laboratory (Biomma), School of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Ceci Nunes Carvalho
- Dentistry Postgraduate Program, University Ceuma, R. Josué Montello, 1, Renascença II, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
| | - Edilausson Moreno Carvalho
- Dentistry Postgraduate Program, University Ceuma, R. Josué Montello, 1, Renascença II, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
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Sun Q, Feng Y, Jin K, Guo J, Wang C. Design of Unconventional Polymers with Thermal Contraction Units for High-Performance Dental Adhesives. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:44055-44066. [PMID: 39169552 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c09236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of adhesives is considered to be a vital parameter for dental restoration due to the oral temperature fluctuation induced by hot and cold drinks in daily life. Even more challenging, the adhesives need to bond various materials with different CTE values, and mismatched thermal expansion at the interface of two materials will produce thermal stress and cause cracking, leading to bond failure. In this study, we designed and synthesized a divinyl monomer containing a dibenzocyclooctadiene (DBCOD) unit, which was incorporated into a commercial adhesive, Single Bond Universal (SBU) to prepare low CTE adhesives. The CTE value of the adhesives can be adjusted low to 6.5 ppm/K, which is much lower than that of pure SBU. Mimicking the real applying conditions, the composite resin columns were bonded to the zirconia ceramics as a dental crown with our designed adhesives, and the shear bond strength test was carried out before and after 10 000 thermal cycles between 5 and 55 °C. The shear bond strength of pure SBU retains 44.7% of its original value after 10 000 thermal cycles, while those low CTE adhesives retain 74.6% and 61.9% of shear bond strength due to less deformation and interfacial stress during thermocycling. The newly designed adhesives provide a persistent way to enhance the shear bond strength and achieve a long lifetime in tooth restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangsheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yudi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ke Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Changchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Pereira R, Lins RBE, Lima EFDS, Mainardi MDCAJ, Stamboroski S, Rischka K, Aguiar FHB. Properties of a Dental Adhesive Containing Graphene and DOPA-Modified Graphene. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2081. [PMID: 39065398 PMCID: PMC11280573 DOI: 10.3390/polym16142081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Graphene is a promising biomaterial. However, its dispersion in aqueous medium is challenging. This study aimed to modify graphene nanoparticles with L-dopa to improve the properties of experimental dental adhesives. Adhesives were formulated with 0% (control), 0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75% of graphene, modified or not. Particle modification and dispersion were microscopically assessed. Degree of conversion was tested by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Flexural strength and modulus of elasticity were evaluated by a 3-point flexural test. Bond strength was tested by shear. To test water sorption/solubility, samples were weighed during hydration and dehydration. Antibacterial activity was tested by Streptococcus mutans colony-forming units quantification. Cytotoxicity on fibroblasts was evaluated through a dentin barrier test. The modification of graphene improved the particle dispersion. Control presented the highest degree of conversion, flexural strength, and bond strength. In degree of conversion, 0.25% of groups were similar to control. In bond strength, groups of graphene modified by L-dopa were similar to Control. The modulus of elasticity was similar between groups. Cytotoxicity and water sorption/solubility decreased as particles increased. Compared to graphene, less graphene modified by L-dopa was needed to promote antibacterial activity. By modifying graphene with L-dopa, the properties of graphene and, therefore, the adhesives incorporated by it were enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Pereira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Operative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira 901, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil; (R.P.); (M.d.C.A.J.M.); (F.H.B.A.)
- Department of Adhesive Bonding Technology and Surfaces, Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials (IFAM), Wiener Straße 12, 28359 Bremen, Germany;
| | | | - Elton Faria de Souza Lima
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Goiás (IFG—Campus Uruaçu), Rua Formosa, Qd 28 e 29—Loteamento Santana, Uruaçu 76400-000, GO, Brazil;
| | - Maria do Carmo Aguiar Jordão Mainardi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Operative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira 901, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil; (R.P.); (M.d.C.A.J.M.); (F.H.B.A.)
- Department of Adhesive Bonding Technology and Surfaces, Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials (IFAM), Wiener Straße 12, 28359 Bremen, Germany;
| | - Stephani Stamboroski
- Department of Adhesive Bonding Technology and Surfaces, Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials (IFAM), Wiener Straße 12, 28359 Bremen, Germany;
| | - Klaus Rischka
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Operative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira 901, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil; (R.P.); (M.d.C.A.J.M.); (F.H.B.A.)
- Department of Adhesive Bonding Technology and Surfaces, Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials (IFAM), Wiener Straße 12, 28359 Bremen, Germany;
| | - Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Operative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira 901, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil; (R.P.); (M.d.C.A.J.M.); (F.H.B.A.)
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Hussein AH, Yassir YA. Graphene as a promising material in orthodontics: A review. J Orthod Sci 2024; 13:24. [PMID: 38784078 PMCID: PMC11114461 DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_3_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Graphene is an extraordinary material with unique mechanical, chemical, and thermal properties. Additionally, it boasts high surface area and antimicrobial properties, making it an attractive option for researchers exploring innovative materials for biomedical applications. Although there have been various studies on graphene applications in different biomedical fields, limited reviews have been conducted on its use in dentistry, and no reviews have focused on its application in the orthodontic field. This review aims to present a comprehensive overview of graphene-based materials, with an emphasis on their antibacterial mechanisms and the factors that influence these properties. Additionally, the review summarizes the dental applications of graphene, spotlighting the studies of its orthodontic application as they can be used to enhance the antibacterial and mechanical properties of orthodontic materials such as adhesives, archwires, and splints. Also, they can be utilized to enhance bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement. An electronic search was carried out in Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and Wiley Online Library digital database platforms using graphene and orthodontics as keywords. The search was restricted to English language publications without a time limit. This review highlights the need for further laboratory and clinical research using graphene-based materials to improve the properties of orthodontic materials to make them available for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf H. Hussein
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Yassir A. Yassir
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, UK
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10
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Roma M, Hegde S. Implications of graphene-based materials in dentistry: present and future. Front Chem 2024; 11:1308948. [PMID: 38495056 PMCID: PMC10941955 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1308948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the advent of nanoscience, nanobiomaterials have been applied in the dental industry. Graphene and its derivatives have attracted the most interest of all of them due to their exceptional look, biocompatibility, multiplication differential, and antibacterial capabilities. We outlined the most recent developments about their applications to dentistry in our review. There is discussion of the synthesis processes, architectures, and characteristics of materials based on graphene. The implications of graphene and its counterparts are then meticulously gathered and described. Finally, in an effort to inspire more excellent research, this paper explores the obstacles and potential of graphene-based nanomaterials for dental aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Roma
- Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shreya Hegde
- Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Fathy H, Haroun H, Riad M. The optical behavior of nano filled resin composite loaded with graphene oxide nanoparticles. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:239. [PMID: 38355530 PMCID: PMC10868066 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03798-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Assessment of the effect of incorporation of graphene oxide nanoparticles (GONPs), different concentrations into resin composite with different thicknesses on its color modulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS GONPs were prepared using the chemical reduction method and characterized using a transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. The minimum concentrations of GONPs that provided the most effective antibacterial action (0.05 wt% and 0.2 wt%.) were prepared to be the concentration added to the tested resin composite. Calculations were done to find the required volume of the GONPs solution needed according to the mass of the resin composite. 70 nano-filled resin composite discs were prepared with 10 mm diameter × 3 mm height. 10 resin composite discs were prepared without GONPs incorporation and served as a control (G0). The other 60 resin composite specimens were divided into 2 equal groups (G1& G2) according to the concentration of the loaded nanoparticles in the specimens. Each group was divided into 3 equal subgroups according to the thickness of the resin composite containing GONPs; [T1: GONPs dispersed in the bottom 1 mm of the disc, while the top 2 mm of the disc was of resin composite only. T2: GONPs dispersed only in the bottom 2 mm of the disc and T3: GONPs dispersed in the total thickness of the disc (3 mm)]. ∆E values were calculated using a Vita Easy shade Spectrophotometer. RESULTS Incorporation of GONPs into resin composite induced significant color change and among all the 6 experimental groups, G1T1 group (of 0.05 wt% concentration GONPs dispersed only in the bottom 1 mm of the disc) showed a non-significant color change. CONCLUSION Dispersion of GONPs has a detectable effect on the color change of resin composite. Meanwhile, dispersion in low concentration for only the bottom 1 mm thickness of resin composite has an undetectable effect on its color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Fathy
- Faculty of Dentistry, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, 11571, Egypt
| | - Hassan Haroun
- Faculty of Dentistry, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, 11571, Egypt
| | - Mona Riad
- Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, 11 El-Saraya St, Manial, Cairo, 11553, Egypt.
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Li B, Mao J, Wu J, Mao K, Jia Y, Chen F, Liu J. Nano-Bio Interactions: Biofilm-Targeted Antibacterial Nanomaterials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306135. [PMID: 37803439 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm is a spatially organized community formed by the accumulation of both microorganisms and their secretions, leading to persistent and chronic infections because of high resistance toward conventional antibiotics. In view of the tunable physicochemical properties and the related unique biological behavior (e.g., size-, shape-, and surface charge-dependent penetration, protein corona endowed targeting, catalytic- and electronic-related oxidative stress, optical- and magnetic-associated hyperthermia, etc.), nanomaterials-based therapeutics are widely used for the treatment of biofilm-associated infections. In this review, the biological characteristics of biofilm are introduced. And the nanomaterials-based antibacterial strategies are further discussed via biofilm targeting, including preventing biofilm formation, enhancing biofilm penetration, disrupting the mature biofilm, and acting as drug delivery systems. In which, the interactions between biofilm and nanomaterials include mechanical disruption, electron transfer, enzymatic degradation, oxidative stress, and hyperthermia. Additionally, the current advances of nanomaterials for antibacterial nanomaterials by biofilm targeting are summarized. This review aims to present a complete vision of antibacterial nanomaterials-biofilm (nano-bio) interactions, paving the way for the future development and clinical translation of effective antibacterial nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jiahui Mao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Kerou Mao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Yangrui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Fulin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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Silveira SR, Sahm BD, Kreve S, dos Reis AC. Osseointegration, antimicrobial capacity and cytotoxicity of implant materials coated with graphene compounds: A systematic review. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2023; 59:303-311. [PMID: 37680613 PMCID: PMC10480569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of graphecs excellent mechanical properties. However, it is necessary to evaluate the biological effects of this material. This systematic review aimed to observe and understand through studies the current state of the art regarding osseointegration, antimicrobial capacity, and the cytotoxicity of graphene coating applied to the surface of dental implant materials. Searches in PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were conducted between June and July 2021 and updated in May 2022 using the keywords: graphene, graphene oxide, dental implants, zirconium, titanium, peek, aluminum, disilicate, methyl-methacrylate, cytotoxicity, osseointegration, and bone regeneration. The criteria included in vivo and in vitro studies that evaluated antimicrobial capacity and/or osseointegration and/or cytotoxicity of dental implant materials coated with graphene compounds. The risk of bias for in vitro studies was assessed by the JBI tool, and for in vivo studies, Syrcle's risk of bias tool for animal studies was used. The database search resulted in 176 articles. Of the 18 articles selected for full reading, 16 remained in this systematic review. The use of graphene compounds as coatings on the surface of implant materials is promising because it promotes osseointegration and has antimicrobial capacity. However, further studies are needed to ensure its cytotoxic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulo Ribeiro Silveira
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, USP —University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Danieletto Sahm
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, USP —University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Simone Kreve
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, USP —University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Andréa Cândido dos Reis
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, USP —University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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14
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Kulanthaivel S, Poppen J, Ribeiro Cunha S, Furman B, Whang K, Teixeira EC. Development of a Boron Nitride-Filled Dental Adhesive System. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3512. [PMID: 37688138 PMCID: PMC10489713 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a dearth of adhesive systems capable of forming stable bonds between restorative materials and tooth surfaces. To address the concern, this study determined the effects of using methacrylate-functionalized boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) in a polymeric dental adhesive system. The bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate (BisGMA):2 hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) (60:40) adhesive monomer blend with a photoinitiator was filled with 0 wt% (control), 0.1 wt%, and 1 wt% BNNSs and light cured. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed to determine the conversion degree of monomer double bonds (DoC). Water absorption and solubility were measured. Flexural strength and Youngs's modulus were evaluated to determine the mechanical properties of the composite adhesive system. Finally, dentin bond strength degradation and fracture mode were quantified with a microtensile bond test to confirm the bonding ability of the developed adhesive system. Results showed that the incorporation of BNNSs increased DoC (9.8% and 5.4% for 0.1 and 1 wt%, respectively), but it did not affect water sorption (101.9-119.72 (µg/mm3)), solubility (2.62-5.54 (µg/mm3)), Young's modulus (529.1-1716.1 MPa), or microtensile bond strength (46.66-54.72 MPa). Further studies are needed with varying BNNS loading percentages from 0.1 wt% to 1 wt% in order to more comprehensively determine the effect of BNNSs on dental adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilguru Kulanthaivel
- Department of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA (J.P.)
| | - Jeremiah Poppen
- Department of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA (J.P.)
| | - Sandra Ribeiro Cunha
- Department of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA (J.P.)
| | | | - Kyumin Whang
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Erica C. Teixeira
- Department of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA (J.P.)
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Apostu AM, Sufaru IG, Tanculescu O, Stoleriu S, Doloca A, Ciocan Pendefunda AA, Solomon SM. Can Graphene Pave the Way to Successful Periodontal and Dental Prosthetic Treatments? A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2354. [PMID: 37760795 PMCID: PMC10525677 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene, as a promising material, holds the potential to significantly enhance the field of dental practices. Incorporating graphene into dental materials imparts enhanced strength and durability, while graphene-based nanocomposites offer the prospect of innovative solutions such as antimicrobial dental implants or scaffolds. Ongoing research into graphene-based dental adhesives and composites also suggests their capacity to improve the quality and reliability of dental restorations. This narrative review aims to provide an up-to-date overview of the application of graphene derivatives in the dental domain, with a particular focus on their application in prosthodontics and periodontics. It is important to acknowledge that further research and development are imperative to fully explore the potential of graphene and ensure its safe use in dental practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Mihaela Apostu
- Odontology-Periodontology and Fixed Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina-Georgeta Sufaru
- Odontology-Periodontology and Fixed Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Oana Tanculescu
- Odontology-Periodontology and Fixed Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Simona Stoleriu
- Odontology-Periodontology and Fixed Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Adrian Doloca
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alice Arina Ciocan Pendefunda
- Odontology-Periodontology and Fixed Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Sorina Mihaela Solomon
- Odontology-Periodontology and Fixed Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Olczak K, Jakubowski W, Szymański W. Bactericidal Activity of Graphene Oxide Tests for Selected Microorganisms. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16114199. [PMID: 37297332 DOI: 10.3390/ma16114199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the bactericidal potential of graphene oxide (GO) in contact with four species of bacteria: E. coli, S. mutans, S. aureus and E. faecalis. Bacterial cell suspensions of each species were incubated in a medium containing GO, with incubation times of 5, 10, 30 and 60 min, at final concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 300 and 500 μg/mL. The cytotoxicity of GO was evaluated using live/dead staining. The results were recorded using a BD Accuri C6 flow cytofluorimeter. Obtained data were analyzed using BD CSampler software. A significant bacteria viability reduction was noted in all GO-containing samples. The antibacterial properties of GO were strongly influenced by GO concentration and incubation time. The highest bactericidal activity was observed at concentrations of 300 and 500 μg/mL for all incubation times (5, 10, 30 and 60 min). The highest antimicrobial potential was observed for E. coli: after 60 min, the mortality rate was 94% at 300 µg/mL GO and 96% at 500 µg/mL GO; the lowest was found for S. aureus-49% (300 µg/mL) and 55% (500 µg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Olczak
- Department of Endodontics, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Witold Jakubowski
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, ul Stefanowskiego 1/15, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Witold Szymański
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, ul Stefanowskiego 1/15, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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17
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Chen X, Xu J, Ji B, Fang X, Jin K, Qian J. The role of nanotechnology-based approaches for clinical infectious diseases and public health. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1146252. [PMID: 37077227 PMCID: PMC10106617 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1146252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the high incidence of infection and the growing resistance of bacterial and viral infections to the traditional antiseptic, the need for novel antiseptics is critical. Therefore, novel approaches are urgently required to reduce the activity of bacterial and viral infections. Nanotechnology is increasingly being exploited for medical purposes and is of significant interest in eliminating or limiting the activity of various pathogens. Due to the increased surface-to-volume ratio of a given mass of particles, the antimicrobial properties of some naturally occurring antibacterial materials, such as zinc and silver, increase as particle size decreases into the nanometer regime. However, the physical structure of a nanoparticle and the way it interacts with and penetrates the bacteria also appear to provide unique bactericidal mechanisms. To measure the efficacy of nanoparticles (diameter 100 nm) as antimicrobial agents, it is necessary to comprehend the range of approaches for evaluating the viability of bacteria; each of them has its advantages and disadvantages. The nanotechnology-based disinfectants and sensors for SARS-CoV-2 provide a roadmap for creating more effective sensors and disinfectants for detecting and preventing coronaviruses and other infections. Moreover, there is an increasing role of nanotechnology-based approaches in various infections, including wound healing and related infection, nosocomial infections, and various bacterial infections. To meet the demand for patient care, nanotechnology-based disinfectants need to be further advanced with optimum approaches. Herein, we review the current burden of infectious diseases with a focus on SARS-CoV-2 and bacterial infection that significantly burdens developed healthcare systems and small healthcare communities. We then highlight how nanotechnology could aid in improving existing treatment modalities and diagnosis of those infectious agents. Finally, we conclude the current development and future perspective of nanotechnology for combating infectious diseases. The overall goal is to update healthcare providers on the existing role and future of nanotechnology in tackling those common infectious diseases.
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18
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Teimoorian M, Mirzaie M, Tashakkorian H, Gholinia H, Alaghemand H, Pournajaf A, Ghorbanipour R. Effects of adding functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets on physical, mechanical, and anti-biofilm properties of acrylic resin: In vitro- experimental study. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2023; 20:37. [PMID: 37180695 PMCID: PMC10166752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Polymethyl methacrylate resin is widely used in orthodontic treatments. Graphene oxide (GO) has reactive functional groups on its surface that facilitate binding to various materials such as polymers, biomolecules, DNA, and proteins. This study aimed to investigate the impact of adding functionalized GO nanosheets on the physical, mechanical, cytotoxicity, and anti-biofilm properties of acrylic resin. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, fifty samples (for each test) were divided into groups of 10, in the form of acrylic resin discs with concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 weight percentage (wt%) of functionalized GO nanosheets and also the control group. Samples were evaluated in terms of physical properties (surface hardness, surface roughness, compressive strength, fracture toughness, and flexural strength), anti-biofilm properties (On four groups of micro-organisms, including Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans), and cytotoxicity. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22, descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance test, and Tukey post hoc test. The significance level was considered P < 0.05. Results No significant difference was observed between the different groups with weight percentages of 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2% nano GO (nGO) and the control group (without nGO) in terms of surface roughness and toughness. However, compressive strength, three-point flexural strength, and surface hardness showed significant differences between the groups. Furthermore, the degree of cytotoxicity increased by increasing the weight percentage of nano-GO. Conclusion The addition of functionalized nGO in appropriate concentrations to polymethyl methacrylate can improve the anti-bacterial and anti-fungal biofilm properties without changing or increasing their physical and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Teimoorian
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R.Iran
| | - Maysam Mirzaie
- Dental Materials Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R.Iran
| | - Hamed Tashakkorian
- Dental Materials Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R.Iran
| | - Hemmat Gholinia
- Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R.Iran
| | - Homayoon Alaghemand
- Dental Materials Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R.Iran
| | - Abazar Pournajaf
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R.Iran
| | - Reza Ghorbanipour
- Dental Materials Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R.Iran
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Graphene-Based Materials in Dental Applications: Antibacterial, Biocompatible, and Bone Regenerative Properties. Int J Biomater 2023; 2023:8803283. [PMID: 36819211 PMCID: PMC9929215 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8803283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene-based materials have been shown to have advantageous properties in biomedical and dental applications due to their high mechanical, physiochemical, antibacterial, and stem cell differentiating properties. Although graphene-based materials have displayed appropriate biocompatible properties when used in implant materials for orthopedic applications, little research has been performed to specifically test the biocompatibility of graphene for dental applications. The oral environment, compared to the body, varies greatly and must be considered when evaluating biocompatibility requirements for dental applications. This review will discuss in vitro and in vivo studies that assess graphene's cytotoxicity, antibacterial properties, and cell differentiation ability to evaluate the overall biocompatibility of graphene-based materials for dental applications. Particle shape, size, and concentration were found to be major factors that affected overall biocompatibility of graphene.
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Ghorbanipour R, Teimoorian M, Mirzaie M, Tashakkorian H, Gholinia H, Alaghemand H, Pournajaf A. Effects of adding functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets on physical, mechanical, and anti-biofilm properties of acrylic resin: In vitro- experimental study. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.372654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
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Dayi B, Küçükyıldız EN, Taghizadehghalehjoughi A. Evaluation of Cytotoxic Effect of Graphene Oxide Added to Mineral Trioxide Aggregate. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ORAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/23202068221142422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Recently, although studies have shown that biomaterials containing graphene oxide (GO) in biomedicine stand out for their positive effects, the effect of GO on dental tissues when used with dental materials is not well known. The aim of this study was an evaluation of the cytotoxic effects of GO on gingival fibroblasts when it is combined in two different ratios with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA). Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro study, a homogenous mixture of adding +0.1 weight (wt)% and +0.3 wt% GO to Angelus MTA was created (two experimental groups) and compared with pure Angelus MTA and negative control groups. The materials were mixed according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and Teflon molds were used to form 24 disc-shaped samples for each group. The samples were divided into groups according to the simple random sampling method. The cytotoxic effect of samples was determined on gingival fibroblast cells by using the MTT test, and total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) kits in 24 and 72 hours. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. Results: A significant difference was found between the material-applied groups and the control group at the TAC 24 and 72 hours and between the groups containing GO and the control group at the MTT 72 hours and TAC and TOS 24 and 72 hours ( p < .05). Conclusion: The addition of GO to MTA increased the dose and time-based toxicity and oxidant amount, and decreased antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Dayi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Elif Nihan Küçükyıldız
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Ali Taghizadehghalehjoughi
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
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Baldissara P, Silvestri D, Pieri GM, Mazzitelli C, Arena A, Maravic T, Monaco C. Effect of Fluorographene Addition on Mechanical and Adhesive Properties of a New Core Build-Up Composite. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235301. [PMID: 36501696 PMCID: PMC9737195 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to develop a restorative material having such mechanical and adhesive properties that it can be used both as a reconstruction material and as a luting cement. The experimental core build-up composite (CBC) was derived from a self-adhesive cement by the modification of its chemical formula, requiring the use of dedicated dentin and ceramic primers. The adhesive properties to zirconia and dentin were analyzed with a micro-Shear Bond Strength test (mSBS). The mechanical properties were analyzed by a flexural strength test. The results were compared with those obtained for other commercially available cements and core build-up materials, both before and after addition of 2 wt.% fluorographene. The CBC obtained average values in the mSBS of 49.7 ± 4.74 MPa for zirconia and 32.2 ± 4.9 MPa for dentin, as well as values of 110.9 ± 9.3 MPa for flexural strength and 6170.8 ± 703.2 MPa for Young's modulus. The addition of fluorographene, while increasing the Young's modulus of the core build-up composite by 10%, did not improve the adhesive capabilities of the primers and cement on either zirconia or dentin. The CBC showed adhesive and mechanical properties adequate both for a restoration material and a luting cement. The addition of 2 wt.% fluorographene was shown to interfere with the polymerization reaction of the material, suggesting the need for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Baldissara
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Davide Silvestri
- Department of Surgery, Medical, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Interest, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Giovanni Maria Pieri
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Mazzitelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Arena
- Department of Surgery, Medical, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Interest, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Tatjana Maravic
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Monaco
- Department of Surgery, Medical, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Interest, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
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Xu VW, Nizami MZI, Yin IX, Lung CYK, Yu OY, Chu CH. Caries Management with Non-Metallic Nanomaterials: A Systematic Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:5809-5824. [PMID: 36474525 PMCID: PMC9719741 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s389038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-metallic nanomaterials do not stain enamel or dentin. Most have better biocompatibility than metallic nanomaterials do for management of dental caries. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to review the types, properties and potential uses of non-metallic nanomaterials systematically for managing dental caries. METHODS Two researchers independently performed a literature search of publications in English using PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. The keywords used were (nanoparticles OR nanocomposites OR nanomaterials) AND (caries OR tooth decay). They screened the titles and abstracts to identify potentially eligible publications of original research reporting non-metallic nanomaterials for caries management. Then, they retrieved and studied the full text of the identified publications for inclusion in this study. RESULTS Out of 2497 resulting publications, this study included 75 of those. The non-metallic nanomaterials used in these publications were categorized as biological organic nanomaterials (n=45), synthetic organic nanomaterials (n=15), carbon-based nanomaterials (n=13) and selenium nanomaterials (n=2). They inhibited bacteria growth and/or promoted remineralization. They could be incorporated in topical agents (29/75, 39%), dental adhesives (11/75, 15%), restorative fillers (4/75, 5%), dental sealant (3/75, 4%), oral drugs (3/75, 4%), toothpastes (2/75, 3%) and functional candies (1/75, 1%). Other publications (22/75, 29%) do not mention specific applications. However, most publications (67/75, 89%) were in vitro studies. Six publications (6/75, 8%) were animal studies, and only two publications (2/75, 3%) were clinical studies. CONCLUSION The literature showed non-metallic nanomaterials have antibacterial and/or remineralising properties. The most common type of non-metallic nanomaterials for caries management is organic nanomaterials. Non-metallic nanomaterials can be incorporated into dental sealants, toothpaste, dental adhesives, topical agents and even candies and drugs. However, the majority of the publications are in vitro studies, and only two publications are clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Wenqing Xu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Iris Xiaoxue Yin
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Christie Ying Kei Lung
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ollie Yiru Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
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Nizami MZI, Yin IX, Lung CYK, Niu JY, Mei ML, Chu CH. In Vitro Studies of Graphene for Management of Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease: A Concise Review. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14101997. [PMID: 36297434 PMCID: PMC9611330 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14101997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene is a single-layer two-dimensional carbon-based nanomaterial. It presents as a thin and strong material that has attracted many researchers’ attention. This study provides a concise review of the potential application of graphene materials in caries and periodontal disease management. Pristine or functionalized graphene and its derivatives exhibit favorable physicochemical, mechanical, and morphological properties applicable to biomedical applications. They can be activated and functionalized with metal and metal nanoparticles, polymers, and other small molecules to exhibit multi-differentiation activities, antimicrobial activities, and biocompatibility. They were investigated in preventive dentistry and regenerative dentistry. Graphene materials such as graphene oxide inhibit cariogenic microbes such as Streptococcus mutans. They also inhibit periodontal pathogens that are responsible for periodontitis and root canal infection. Graphene-fluorine promotes enamel and dentin mineralization. These materials were also broadly studied in regenerative dental research, such as dental hard and soft tissue regeneration, as well as periodontal tissue and bone regeneration. Graphene oxide-based materials, such as graphene oxide-fibroin, were reported as promising in tissue engineering for their biocompatibility, bioactivity, and ability to enhance cell proliferation properties in periodontal ligament stem cells. Laboratory research showed that graphene can be used exclusively or by incorporating it into existing dental materials. The success of laboratory studies can translate the application of graphene into clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iris Xiaoxue Yin
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | | | - John Yun Niu
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - May Lei Mei
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Correspondence:
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Molecular Mapping of Antifungal Mechanisms Accessing Biomaterials and New Agents to Target Oral Candidiasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147520. [PMID: 35886869 PMCID: PMC9320712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral candidiasis has a high rate of development, especially in immunocompromised patients. Immunosuppressive and cytotoxic therapies in hospitalized HIV and cancer patients are known to induce the poor management of adverse reactions, where local and systemic candidiasis become highly resistant to conventional antifungal therapy. The development of oral candidiasis is triggered by several mechanisms that determine oral epithelium imbalances, resulting in poor local defense and a delayed immune system response. As a result, pathogenic fungi colonies disseminate and form resistant biofilms, promoting serious challenges in initiating a proper therapeutic protocol. Hence, this study of the literature aimed to discuss possibilities and new trends through antifungal therapy for buccal drug administration. A large number of studies explored the antifungal activity of new agents or synergic components that may enhance the effect of classic drugs. It was of significant interest to find connections between smart biomaterials and their activity, to find molecular responses and mechanisms that can conquer the multidrug resistance of fungi strains, and to transpose them into a molecular map. Overall, attention is focused on the nanocolloids domain, nanoparticles, nanocomposite synthesis, and the design of polymeric platforms to satisfy sustained antifungal activity and high biocompatibility with the oral mucosa.
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Cui F, Li T, Wang D, Yi S, Li J, Li X. Recent advances in carbon-based nanomaterials for combating bacterial biofilm-associated infections. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 431:128597. [PMID: 35247736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of bacterial pathogens among humans has increased rapidly and poses a great threat to health. Two-thirds of bacterial infections are associated with biofilms. Recently, nanomaterials have emerged as anti-biofilm agents due to their enormous potential for combating biofilm-associated infections and infectious disease management. Among these, relatively high biocompatibility and unique physicochemical properties of carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs) have attracted wide attention. This review presented the current advances in anti-biofilm CBNs. Different kinds of CBNs and their physicochemical characteristics were introduced first. Then, the various potential mechanisms underlying the action of anti-biofilm CBNs during different stages were discussed, including anti-biofouling activity, inhibition of quorum sensing, photothermal/photocatalytic inactivation, oxidative stress, and electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. In particular, the review focused on the pivotal role played by CBNs as anti-biofilm agents and delivery vehicles. Finally, it described the challenges and outlook for the development of more efficient and bio-safer anti-biofilm CBNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangchao Cui
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization (Dalian Minzu University), Ministry of Education, Dalian, Liaoning 116029, China
| | - Dangfeng Wang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shumin Yi
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
| | - Jianrong Li
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China.
| | - Xuepeng Li
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China.
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Graphene-Based Functional Hybrid Membranes for Antimicrobial Applications: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12104834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Graphene-based nanomaterials have shown wide applications in antimicrobial fields due to their accelerated rate of pathogen resistance and good antimicrobial properties. To apply graphene materials in the antimicrobial test, the graphene materials are usually fabricated as two-dimensional (2D) membranes. In addition, to improve the antimicrobial efficiency, graphene membranes are modified with various functional nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles, biomolecules, polymers, etc. In this review, we present recent advances in the fabrication, functional tailoring, and antimicrobial applications of graphene-based membranes. To implement this goal, we first introduce the synthesis of graphene materials and then the fabrication of 2D graphene-based membranes with potential techniques such as chemical vapor deposition, vacuum filtration, spin-coating, casting, and layer-by-layer self-assembly. Then, we present the functional tailoring of graphene membranes by adding metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, polymers, biopolymers, metal–organic frameworks, etc., with graphene. Finally, we focus on the antimicrobial mechanisms of graphene membranes, and demonstrate typical studies on the use of graphene membranes for antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal applications. It is expected that this work will help readers to understand the antimicrobial mechanism of various graphene-based membranes and, further, to inspire the design and fabrication of functional graphene membranes/films for biomedical applications.
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Liu C, Tan D, Chen X, Liao J, Wu L. Research on Graphene and Its Derivatives in Oral Disease Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094737. [PMID: 35563128 PMCID: PMC9104291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral diseases present a global public health problem that imposes heavy financial burdens on individuals and health-care systems. Most oral health conditions can be treated in their early stage. Even if the early symptoms of oral diseases do not seem to cause significant discomfort, prompt treatment is essential for preventing their progression. Biomaterials with superior properties enable dental therapies with applications in restoration, therapeutic drug/protein delivery, and tissue regeneration. Graphene nanomaterials have many unique mechanical and physiochemical properties and can respond to the complex oral microenvironment, which includes oral microbiota colonization and high masticatory force. Research on graphene nanomaterials in dentistry, especially in caries, periodontitis therapy, and implant coatings, is progressing rapidly. Here, we review the development of graphene and its derivatives for dental disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China School & Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (C.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Dan Tan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China;
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China School & Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (C.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Jinfeng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School & Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (L.W.)
| | - Leng Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430030, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (L.W.)
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Li X, Liang X, Wang Y, Wang D, Teng M, Xu H, Zhao B, Han L. Graphene-Based Nanomaterials for Dental Applications: Principles, Current Advances, and Future Outlook. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:804201. [PMID: 35360406 PMCID: PMC8961302 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.804201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials have been used in dental fields over the past years. Among them, graphene and its derivatives have attracted great attentions, owing to their excellent physicochemical property, morphology, biocompatibility, multi-differentiation activity, and antimicrobial activity. In our review, we summarized the recent progress about their applications on the dentistry. The synthesis methods, structures, and properties of graphene-based materials are discussed. Then, the dental applications of graphene-based materials are emphatically collected and described. Finally, the challenges and outlooks of graphene-based nanomaterials on the dental applications are discussed in this paper, aiming at inspiring more excellent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Li
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Liang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dashan Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Minhua Teng
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Baodong Zhao
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Baodong Zhao, ; Lei Han,
| | - Lei Han
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Baodong Zhao, ; Lei Han,
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Nosocomial Infections and Role of Nanotechnology. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9020051. [PMID: 35200404 PMCID: PMC8869428 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nosocomial infections, termed hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), are acquired from a healthcare or hospital setting. HAI is mainly caused by bacteria, such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterococci spp., Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and many more. Due to growing antibacterial resistance, nanotechnology has paved the way for more potent and sensitive methods of detecting and treating bacterial infections. Nanoparticles have been used with molecular beacons for identifying bactericidal activities, targeting drug delivery, and anti-fouling coatings, etc. This review addresses the looming threat of nosocomial infections, with a focus on the Indian scenario, and major initiatives taken by medical bodies and hospitals in spreading awareness and training. Further, this review focuses on the potential role nanotechnology can play in combating the spread of these infections.
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Oliveira IM, Gomes M, Gomes LC, Pereira MFR, Soares OSGP, Mergulhão FJ. Performance of Graphene/Polydimethylsiloxane Surfaces against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa Single- and Dual-Species Biofilms. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:355. [PMID: 35159699 PMCID: PMC8839372 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of implant-associated infections has prompted the development of effective strategies to prevent biofilm formation on these devices. In this work, pristine graphene nanoplatelet/polydimethylsiloxane (GNP/PDMS) surfaces containing different GNP loadings (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wt%) were produced and evaluated on their ability to mitigate biofilm development. After GNP loading optimization, the most promising surface was tested against single- and dual-species biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antibiofilm activity of GNP/PDMS surfaces was determined by the quantification of total, viable, culturable, and viable but nonculturable (VBNC) cells, as well as by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Results showed that 5 wt% GNP loading reduced the number of total (57%), viable (69%), culturable (55%), and VBNC cells (85%) of S. aureus biofilms compared to PDMS. A decrease of 25% in total cells and about 52% in viable, culturable, and VBNC cells was observed for P. aeruginosa biofilms. Dual-species biofilms demonstrated higher resistance to the antimicrobial activity of GNP surfaces, with lower biofilm cell reductions (of up to 29% when compared to single-species biofilms). Still, the effectiveness of these surfaces in suppressing single- and dual-species biofilm formation was confirmed by CLSM analysis, where a decrease in biofilm biovolume (83% for S. aureus biofilms and 42% for P. aeruginosa and dual-species biofilms) and thickness (on average 72%) was obtained. Overall, these results showed that pristine GNPs dispersed into the PDMS matrix were able to inhibit biofilm growth, being a starting point for the fabrication of novel surface coatings based on functionalized GNP/PDMS composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M. Oliveira
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (I.M.O.); (M.G.); (L.C.G.)
| | - Marisa Gomes
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (I.M.O.); (M.G.); (L.C.G.)
| | - Luciana C. Gomes
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (I.M.O.); (M.G.); (L.C.G.)
| | - Manuel F. R. Pereira
- LSRE–LCM—Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering–Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Olívia S. G. P. Soares
- LSRE–LCM—Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering–Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Filipe J. Mergulhão
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (I.M.O.); (M.G.); (L.C.G.)
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Akram Z, Aati S, Clode P, Saunders M, Ngo H, Fawzy AS. Formulation of nano-graphene doped with nano silver modified dentin bonding agents with enhanced interfacial stability and antibiofilm properties. Dent Mater 2021; 38:347-362. [PMID: 34930621 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to synthesize and characterize reduced nano graphene oxide (RGO) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) doped with silver nanoparticles (nAg) and to prepare an experimental dentin adhesive modified with RGO/nAg and GNP/nAg nanofillers for studying various biological and mechanical properties after bonding to tooth dentin. METHODS Nanoparticles were characterized for their morphology and chemical structure using electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. Experimental dentin adhesive was modified using two weight percentage (0.25% and 0.5%) of RGO/nAg and GNP/nAg to study its degree of conversion (DC), antimicrobial potential, and cytotoxicity. The effect and significance of these modified bonding agents on resin-dentin bonded interface were investigated by evaluating interfacial nanoleakage, micropermeability, nanodynamic mechanical analysis, micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS), and four-point bending strength (BS), RESULTS: Both 0.25% and 0.5% GNP/nAg graphene-modified adhesives showed comparable DC values to the commercial and experimental adhesive (range: 42-46%). The bacterial viability of the groups 0.25% and 0.5% GNP-Ag remained very low under 25% compared to RGO/nAg groups with low cytotoxicity profiles (cell viability>85%). Resin-bonded dentin interface created with GNP/nAg showed homogenous, well-defined hybrid layer and regularly formed long resin tags devoid of any microporosity as evidenced by SEM and confocal microscopy. The lowest nanoleakage and highest bending strength and µTBS was recorded for 0.25% GNP/nAg after 12 months of ageing. A significantly increased nanoelasticity was seen for all experimental groups except for control groups. SIGNIFICANCE The addition of 0.25% GNP/nAg showed optimized anti-biofilm properties without affecting the standard adhesion characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Akram
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Sultan Aati
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Peta Clode
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation & Analysis, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Martin Saunders
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation & Analysis, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Hien Ngo
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Amr S Fawzy
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
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Akram Z, Aati S, Shrestha B, Clode P, Saunders M, Ngo H, Fawzy A. Silanization of nanographene platelets improves interaction with the dentin bonding resin matrix and enhances interfacial bond integrity to dentin. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:8335-8346. [PMID: 34783807 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01408k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study synthesized and characterized graphene nanoplatelets silanized with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (MPS-GNP) for morphological and chemical characteristics. In addition, we modified a dentin bonding agent using different concentrations of MPS-GNP to study its interaction within the resin matrix of the adhesive, degree of conversion (DC), biological, and mechanical properties after bonding to tooth. Both 0.25% and 0.5% MPS-GNP-modified bonding agents showed comparable DC values to the unmodified control adhesive (range: 41%-43%). However, a statistically significant reduction in the DC was found when 0.25% and 0.5% non-silanized GNP was doped with the adhesive (<38%) (p < 0.05). On day 30, the bacterial viability of 0.5% GNP and MPS-GNP groups remained very low under 22% with the highest dead cell count (p < 0.05). GNP incorporated within the resin matrix of the dentin bonding agent showed clear evidence of several interfacial gap formations and non-union between the GNP surface and resin matrix, while the MPS-GNP modified dentin bonding agent showed MPS-GNP with no gap formation with complete union between the graphene surface and resin matrix. The decrease in the μTBS was least pronounced for 0.25% and 0.5% MPS-GNP groups. After 12 months of ageing, the groups 0.25% and 0.5% MPS-GNP also showed the highest BS as compared to the rest of the groups. Statistically significant reduction was seen in nanohardness at the hybrid layer and adhesive layer for GNP groups after 4 months of storage. The addition of up to 0.5% MPS-GNP showed optimized DC, antibiofilm activity, and micro-tensile bond strength without affecting the standard adhesion characteristics as compared to GNP alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Akram
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Sultan Aati
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Barsha Shrestha
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Peta Clode
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia.,Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation & Analysis, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Martin Saunders
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation & Analysis, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia.,School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Hien Ngo
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Amr Fawzy
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
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Mousavi SM, Yousefi K, Hashemi SA, Afsa M, BahranI S, Gholami A, Ghahramani Y, Alizadeh A, Chiang WH. Renewable Carbon Nanomaterials: Novel Resources for Dental Tissue Engineering. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2800. [PMID: 34835565 PMCID: PMC8622722 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Dental tissue engineering (TE) is undergoing significant modifications in dental treatments. TE is based on a triad of stem cells, signaling molecules, and scaffolds that must be understood and calibrated with particular attention to specific dental sectors. Renewable and eco-friendly carbon-based nanomaterials (CBMs), including graphene (G), graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), graphene quantum dots (GQD), carbon nanotube (CNT), MXenes and carbide, have extraordinary physical, chemical, and biological properties. In addition to having high surface area and mechanical strength, CBMs have greatly influenced dental and biomedical applications. The current study aims to explore the application of CBMs for dental tissue engineering. CBMs are generally shown to have remarkable properties, due to various functional groups that make them ideal materials for biomedical applications, such as dental tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Khadije Yousefi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran; (K.Y.); (M.A.)
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research Centre, Shiraz Dental School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71345-1583, Iran
| | - Seyyed Alireza Hashemi
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada;
| | - Marzie Afsa
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran; (K.Y.); (M.A.)
| | - Sonia BahranI
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran;
| | - Ahmad Gholami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran; (K.Y.); (M.A.)
| | - Yasmin Ghahramani
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran
| | - Ali Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71345-1583, Iran;
| | - Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
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Nanostructures as Targeted Therapeutics for Combating Oral Bacterial Diseases. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101435. [PMID: 34680553 PMCID: PMC8533418 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic oral biofilms are now recognized as a key virulence factor in many microorganisms that cause the heavy burden of oral infectious diseases. Recently, new investigations in the nanotechnology field have propelled the development of novel biomaterials and approaches to control bacterial biofilms, either independently or in combination with other substances such as drugs, bioactive molecules, and photosensitizers used in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) to target different cells. Moreover, nanoparticles (NPs) showed some interesting capacity to reverse microbial dysbiosis, which is a major problem in oral biofilm formation. This review provides a perspective on oral bacterial biofilms targeted with NP-mediated treatment approaches. The first section aims to investigate the effect of NPs targeting oral bacterial biofilms. The second part of this review focuses on the application of NPs in aPDT and drug delivery systems.
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Parhi S, Pal S, Das SK, Ghosh P. Strategies toward development of antimicrobial biomaterials for dental healthcare applications. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:4590-4622. [PMID: 34599764 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several approaches for elimination of oral pathogens are being explored at the present time since oral diseases remain prevalent affecting approximately 3.5 billion people worldwide. Need for antimicrobial biomaterials in dental healthcare include but is not restricted to designing resin composites and adhesives for prevention of dental caries. Constant efforts are also being made to develop antimicrobial strategies for clearance of endodontic space prior root canal treatment and for treatment of periimplantitis and periodontitis. This article discusses various conventional and nanotechnology-based strategies to achieve antimicrobial efficacy in dental biomaterials. Recent developments in the design and synthesis of antimicrobial peptides and antifouling zwitterionic polymers to effectively lessen the risks of antimicrobial drug resistance are also outlined in this review. Further, the role of contemporary strategies such as use of smart biomaterials, ionic solvent-based biomaterials and quorum quenchers incorporated biomaterials in the elimination of dental pathogens are described in detail. Lastly, we mentioned the approach of using polymers to print custom-made three-dimensional antibacterial dental products via additive manufacturing technologies. This review provides a critical perspective on the chemical, biomimetic, and engineering strategies intended for developing antimicrobial biomaterials that have the potential to substantially improve the dental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Parhi
- Division of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR Headquarters CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sreyasi Pal
- Division of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Sujoy K Das
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR Headquarters CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, India.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Paulomi Ghosh
- Division of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR Headquarters CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, India
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Staneva AD, Dimitrov DK, Gospodinova DN, Vladkova TG. Antibiofouling Activity of Graphene Materials and Graphene-Based Antimicrobial Coatings. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1839. [PMID: 34576733 PMCID: PMC8472838 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial adhesion and biofilm formation is a common, nondesirable phenomenon at any living or nonliving material surface in contact with microbial species. Despite the enormous efforts made so far, the protection of material surfaces against microbial adhesion and biofilm formation remains a significant challenge. Deposition of antimicrobial coatings is one approach to mitigate the problem. Examples of such are those based on heparin, cationic polymers, antimicrobial peptides, drug-delivering systems, and other coatings, each one with its advantages and shortcomings. The increasing microbial resistance to the conventional antimicrobial treatments leads to an increasing necessity for new antimicrobial agents, among which is a variety of carbon nanomaterials. The current review paper presents the last 5 years' progress in the development of graphene antimicrobial materials and graphene-based antimicrobial coatings that are among the most studied. Brief information about the significance of the biofouling, as well as the general mode of development and composition of microbial biofilms, are included. Preparation, antibacterial activity, and bactericidal mechanisms of new graphene materials, deposition techniques, characterization, and parameters influencing the biological activity of graphene-based coatings are focused upon. It is expected that this review will raise some ideas for perfecting the composition, structure, antimicrobial activity, and deposition techniques of graphene materials and coatings in order to provide better antimicrobial protection of medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna D. Staneva
- Laboratory for Advanced Materials Research (LAMAR), University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridski Blvd, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.D.S.); (D.K.D.)
| | - Dimitar K. Dimitrov
- Laboratory for Advanced Materials Research (LAMAR), University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridski Blvd, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.D.S.); (D.K.D.)
| | - Dilyana N. Gospodinova
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Technical University-Sofia, 8 Kliment Ohridski Blvd, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Todorka G. Vladkova
- Laboratory for Advanced Materials Research (LAMAR), University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridski Blvd, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.D.S.); (D.K.D.)
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Farooq I, Ali S, Al-Saleh S, AlHamdan EM, AlRefeai MH, Abduljabbar T, Vohra F. Synergistic Effect of Bioactive Inorganic Fillers in Enhancing Properties of Dentin Adhesives-A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13132169. [PMID: 34209016 PMCID: PMC8271823 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dentin adhesives (DAs) play a critical role in the clinical success of dental resin composite (DRC) restorations. A strong bond between the adhesive and dentin improves the longevity of the restoration, but it is strongly dependent on the various properties of DAs. The current review was aimed at summarizing the information present in the literature regarding the improvement of the properties of DAs noticed after the addition of bioactive inorganic fillers. From our search, we were able to find evidence of multiple bioactive inorganic fillers (bioactive glass, hydroxyapatite, amorphous calcium phosphate, graphene oxide, calcium chloride, zinc chloride, silica, and niobium pentoxide) in the literature that have been used to improve the different properties of DAs. These improvements can be seen in the form of improved hardness, higher modulus of elasticity, enhanced bond, flexural, and ultimate tensile strength, improved fracture toughness, reduced nanoleakage, remineralization of the adhesive-dentin interface, improved resin tag formation, greater radiopacity, antibacterial effect, and improved DC (observed for some fillers). Most of the studies dealing with the subject area are in vitro. Future in situ and in vivo studies are recommended to positively attest to the results of laboratory findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Farooq
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Saqib Ali
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Samar Al-Saleh
- Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.-S.); (E.M.A.); (T.A.); (F.V.)
| | - Eman M. AlHamdan
- Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.-S.); (E.M.A.); (T.A.); (F.V.)
| | - Mohammad H. AlRefeai
- Operative Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Tariq Abduljabbar
- Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.-S.); (E.M.A.); (T.A.); (F.V.)
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.-S.); (E.M.A.); (T.A.); (F.V.)
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Trusek A, Kijak E. Drug Carriers Based on Graphene Oxide and Hydrogel: Opportunities and Challenges in Infection Control Tested by Amoxicillin Release. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14123182. [PMID: 34207735 PMCID: PMC8228297 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) was proposed as an efficient carrier of antibiotics. The model drug, amoxicillin (AMOX), was attached to GO using a peptide linker (Leu-Leu-Gly). GO-AMOX was dispersed in a hydrogel to which the enzyme responsible for releasing AMOX from GO was also added. The drug molecules were released by enzymatic hydrolysis of the peptide bond in the linker. As the selected enzyme, bromelain, a plant enzyme, was used. The antibacterial nature of the carrier was determined by its ability to inhibit the growth of the Enterococcus faecalis strain, which is one of the bacterial species responsible for periodontal and root canal diseases. The prepared carrier contained only biocompatible substances, and the confirmation of its lack of cytotoxicity was verified based on the mouse fibrosarcoma cell line WEHI 164. The proposed type of preparation, as a universal carrier of many different antibiotic molecules, can be considered as a suitable solution in the treatment of inflammation in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Trusek
- Group of Micro, Nano and Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (E.K.)
| | - Edward Kijak
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (E.K.)
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Biocompatibility and Antibiofilm Properties of Calcium Silicate-Based Cements: An In Vitro Evaluation and Report of Two Clinical Cases. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060470. [PMID: 34073519 PMCID: PMC8226987 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Calcium silicate-based cements are successfully applied in the different fields of endodontics and vital pulp therapy. To better assess the properties of these bioactive materials, the present in vitro and in vivo study aimed to compare the biocompatibility and antibiofilm properties of ProRoot MTA and Biodentine. Human osteogenic sarcoma (Saos-2) cells were cultured in the presence of both materials and evaluated. Moreover, the bioactive cements were in vivo applied to perform vital pulp therapy on immature permanent teeth affected by reversible pulpitis. Saos-2 cells’ viability was slightly greater in the presence of ProRootMTA than Biodentine and cells would grow in a better way on ProRootMTA disks than on Biodentine ones. Moreover, ProRootMTA showed a powerful antibiofilm effect towards Streptococcus mutans. The in vitro results were clinically supported by a 100% success rate after 2 years of follow-up. Abstract Calcium silicate-based cements have reached excellent levels of performance in endodontics, providing predictable and successful results. To better assess the properties of these bioactive materials, the present study aimed to compare the biocompatibility and antibiofilm properties of ProRoot MTA and Biodentine. Human osteogenic sarcoma (Saos-2) cells were cultured on ProRoot MTA and Biodentine samples or in the presence of both cement extracts. Cell viability assay, measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS), immunofluorescence analysis, as well as morphological evaluations were conducted. Moreover, Streptococcus mutans was used to assess the biofilm forming ability on ProRoot MTA and Biodentine disks. Finally, both cements were applied in vivo to treat immature permanent teeth affected by reversible pulpitis. Results: Cell viability assay demonstrated that Saos-2 cells had a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity to both analyzed cements, although cells exposed to ProRoot MTA showed a better cell vitality than those exposed to Biodentine (p < 0.001). Both cements demonstrated ROS production while this was greater in the case of Biodentine than ProRoot MTA (p < 0.001). Immunofluorescence images of the cytoskeleton and focal adhesions showed no differences in Saos-2 cells grown in the presence of ProRoot MTA eluate; whereas in the Biodentine groups, cells showed a morphology and focal adhesions more similar to that of the control sample, as the eluate concentration decreased. Morphological analysis revealed that Saos-2 cells were more flattened and exhibited better spreading when attached to ProRoot MTA disks than to Biodentine ones. The antibiofilm properties showed a time-dependent powerful inhibition of S. mutans superficial colonization and an antibiofilm effect of both cements. Clinically, complete root formation of the treated elements was achieved using the two studied cements, showing stable results over time. ProRoot MTA and Biodentine was demonstrated to be biocompatible and to possess antibiofilm properties. Their clinical application in vital pulp therapy provided successful outcomes after 2 years of follow-up.
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Almutairi B, Kattan HF, BinMahfooz AM, Qutub OA, Basunbul G, ArRejaie AS, Farooq I, Vohra F, Abduljabbar T. Synergistic effect of graphene oxide/calcium phosphate nanofiller in a dentin adhesive on its dentin bond integrity and degree of conversion. A scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, micro-Raman, and bond strength study. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:2082-2094. [PMID: 33913221 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to formulate and analyze a dentin adhesive incorporated with graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticle and calcium phosphate (CaP) composite. Methods comprising of scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), micro-Raman spectroscopy, shear bond strength (SBS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to characterize nanoparticle composite, dentin bond toughness, degree of conversion (DC), and adhesive-dentin interaction. Postsynthesis of GO nanoparticles, they were functionalized with CaP using standard process. The GO-CaP composite was not added to experimental adhesive (negative control group, GO-CaP-0%), and added at 2.5 and 5 wt% to yield GO-CaP-2.5% and GO-CaP 5% groups, respectively. Teeth were set to form bonded samples utilizing adhesives in three groups for SBS testing, with and without thermocycling. The homogenous diffusion of GO-CaP composite was verified in the adhesive. Resin tags having standard penetrations were observed on SEM micrographs. The EDX analysis confirmed the occurrence of calcium, phosphorus, and carbon ions in the composite containing adhesives. The SBS test revealed highest mean values for GO-CaP-5% followed by GO-CaP-2.5%. The FTIR spectra verified the presence of apatite peaks and the micro-Raman spectra showed characteristic D and G bands for GO nanoparticles. GO-CaP composite in dentin adhesive may improve its bond strength. The addition of 5 wt% resulted in a bond strength that was superior to all other groups. GO-CaP-5% group demonstrated lower DC (to control), uniform distribution of GO and CaP composite within adhesive, appropriate dentin interaction, and resin tag formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil Almutairi
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hiba F Kattan
- Preventive Dental Science Department, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulelah M BinMahfooz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A Qutub
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadeer Basunbul
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aws S ArRejaie
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Farooq
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University; Research Chair for Biological Research in Dental Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Abduljabbar
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University; Research Chair for Biological Research in Dental Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Rao H, Choo S, Rajeswari Mahalingam SR, Adisuri DS, Madhavan P, Md. Akim A, Chong PP. Approaches for Mitigating Microbial Biofilm-Related Drug Resistance: A Focus on Micro- and Nanotechnologies. Molecules 2021; 26:1870. [PMID: 33810292 PMCID: PMC8036581 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms play an essential role in chronic and healthcare-associated infections and are more resistant to antimicrobials compared to their planktonic counterparts due to their (1) physiological state, (2) cell density, (3) quorum sensing abilities, (4) presence of extracellular matrix, (5) upregulation of drug efflux pumps, (6) point mutation and overexpression of resistance genes, and (7) presence of persister cells. The genes involved and their implications in antimicrobial resistance are well defined for bacterial biofilms but are understudied in fungal biofilms. Potential therapeutics for biofilm mitigation that have been reported include (1) antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, (2) antimicrobial lock therapy, (3) antimicrobial peptides, (4) electrical methods, and (5) antimicrobial coatings. These approaches exhibit promising characteristics for addressing the impending crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Recently, advances in the micro- and nanotechnology field have propelled the development of novel biomaterials and approaches to combat biofilms either independently, in combination or as antimicrobial delivery systems. In this review, we will summarize the general principles of clinically important microbial biofilm formation with a focus on fungal biofilms. We will delve into the details of some novel micro- and nanotechnology approaches that have been developed to combat biofilms and the possibility of utilizing them in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harinash Rao
- School of Medicine, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; (H.R.); (D.S.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Sulin Choo
- School of Biosciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia;
| | | | - Diajeng Sekar Adisuri
- School of Medicine, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; (H.R.); (D.S.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Priya Madhavan
- School of Medicine, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; (H.R.); (D.S.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Abdah Md. Akim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Pei Pei Chong
- School of Biosciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia;
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Abstract
Biofilms are aggregates formed as a protective survival state by microorganisms to adapt to the environment and can be resistant to antimicrobial agents and host immune responses due to chemical or physical diffusion barriers, modified nutrient environments, suppression of the growth rate within biofilms, and the genetic adaptation of cells within biofilms. With the widespread use of medical devices, medical device-associated biofilms continue to pose a serious threat to human health, and these biofilms have become the most important source of nosocomial infections. However, traditional antimicrobial agents cannot completely eliminate medical device-associated biofilms. New strategies for the treatment of these biofilms and targeting biofilm infections are urgently required. Several novel approaches have been developed and identified as effective and promising treatments. In this review, we briefly summarize the challenges associated with the treatment of medical device-associated biofilm infections and highlight the latest promising approaches aimed at preventing or eradicating these biofilms.
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Antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of graphene and its derivatives. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 200:111588. [PMID: 33529928 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Infections resulting from bacteria and biofilms have become a huge problem threatening human health. In recent years, the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of graphene and its derivatives have been extensively studied. However, there continues to be some controversy over whether graphene and its derivatives can resist infection and biofilms. Moreover, the antibacterial mechanism and cytotoxicity of graphene and its derivatives are unclear. In the present review, antibacterial and antibiofilm abilities of graphene and its derivatives in solution, on the surface are reviewed, and their toxicity and possible mechanisms are also reviewed. Furthermore, we propose possible future development directions for graphene and its derivatives in antibacterial and antibiofilm applications.
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Dentin Bond Integrity of Hydroxyapatite Containing Resin Adhesive Enhanced with Graphene Oxide Nano-Particles-An SEM, EDX, Micro-Raman, and Microtensile Bond Strength Study. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12122978. [PMID: 33327410 PMCID: PMC7764838 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to synthesize and characterize an adhesive incorporating HA and GO nanoparticles. Techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS), and micro-Raman spectroscopy were employed to investigate bond durability, presence of nanoparticles inside adhesive, and dentin interaction. Control experimental adhesive (CEA) was synthesized with 5 wt% HA. GO particles were fabricated and added to CEA at 0.5 wt% (HA-GO-0.5%) and 2 wt% GO (HA-GO-2%). Teeth were prepared to produce bonded specimens using the three adhesive bonding agents for assessment of μTBS, with and without thermocycling (TC). The adhesives were applied twice on the dentin with a micro-brush followed by air thinning and photo-polymerization. The HA and GO nanoparticles demonstrated uniform dispersion inside adhesive. Resin tags with varying depths were observed on SEM micrographs. The EDX mapping revealed the presence of carbon (C), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) in the two GO adhesives. For both TC and NTC samples, HA-GO-2% had higher μTBS and durability, followed by HA-GO-0.5%. The representative micro-Raman spectra demonstrated D and G bands for nano-GO particles containing adhesives. HA-GO-2% group demonstrated uniform diffusion in adhesive, higher μTBS, adequate durability, and comparable resin tag development to controls.
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Alshahrani A, Bin-Shuwaish MS, Al-Hamdan RS, Almohareb T, Maawadh AM, Al Deeb M, Alhenaki AM, Abduljabbar T, Vohra F. Graphene oxide nano-filler based experimental dentine adhesive. A SEM / EDX, Micro-Raman and microtensile bond strength analysis. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2020; 18:2280800020966936. [PMID: 33264047 DOI: 10.1177/2280800020966936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The study aimed to assess graphene oxide (GO) adhesive and its dentin interaction using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), MicroRaman spectroscopy and Microtensile bond strength (μTBS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental GOA and control adhesives (CA) were fabricated. Presence of GO within the experimental adhesive resin was assessed using SEM and Micro-Raman spectroscopy. Ninety specimens were prepared, sixty teeth were utilized for μTBS, twenty for SEM analysis of interface for CA and GOA and ten were assessed using microRaman spectroscopy. Each specimen was sectioned and exposed dentine was conditioned (35% phosphoric acid) for 10 s. The surface was coated twice with adhesive (15 s) and photopolymerized (20 s). Composite build-up on specimen was photo-polymerized. Among the bonded specimens, thirty specimen were assessed using Micro-Raman spectrometer, SEM and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), whereas remaining specimens were divided in to three sub-groups (n = 10) based on the storage of 24 h, 8 weeks and 16 weeks. μTBS testing was performed at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min using a microtensile tester. The means of μ-tbs were analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc Tukey multiple comparisons test. RESULTS No significant difference in μTBS of CA and GOA was observed. Storage time presented a significant interaction on the μTBS (p < 0.01). The highest and lowest μTBS was evident in CA (30.47 (3.55)) at 24 h and CA (22.88 (3.61)) at 18 weeks. Micro-Raman analysis identified peaks of 1200 cm-1 to 1800 cm1, D and G bands of GO nanoparticles in the resin. Uniform distribution of graphene oxide nanoparticles was present at the adhesive and hybrid layer. CONCLUSION GO showed interaction within adhesive and tooth dentin similar to CA, along with formation of hybrid layer. In ideal conditions (absence of nanoleakage), graphene oxide modified adhesive shows comparable bond strength and durability of resin dentine bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alshahrani
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Bin-Shuwaish
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana S Al-Hamdan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Almohareb
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Maawadh
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Modhi Al Deeb
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aasem M Alhenaki
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Abduljabbar
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Khan AS, Ur Rehman S, AlMaimouni YK, Ahmad S, Khan M, Ashiq M. Bibliometric Analysis of Literature Published on Antibacterial Dental Adhesive from 1996-2020. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2848. [PMID: 33260410 PMCID: PMC7761276 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the current state of research on antibacterial dental adhesives. The interest in this field can be drawn from an increasing number of scholarly works in this area. However, there is still a lack of quantitative measurement of this topic. The main aim of this study was to consolidate the research published on the antibacterial adhesive from 1996 to 2020 in Web of Science indexed journals. The bibliometric method, a quantitative study of investigating publishing trends and patterns, was used for this study. The result has shown that a gradual increase in research was found, whereby a substantial increase was observed from 2013. A total of 248 documents were published in 84 journals with total citations of 5107. The highly cited articles were published mainly in Q1 category journals. Most of the published articles were from the USA, China, and other developed countries; however, some developing countries contributed as well. The authorship pattern showed an interdisciplinary and collaborative approach among researchers. The thematic evaluation of keywords along with a three-factor analysis showed that 'antibacterial adhesives' and 'quaternary ammonium' have been used commonly. This bibliometric analysis can provide direction not only to researchers but also to funding organizations and policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Samad Khan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Deanship of Library Affairs, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yara Khalid AlMaimouni
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shakil Ahmad
- Central Library, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Maria Khan
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Murtaza Ashiq
- Islamabad Model College for Boys, H-9, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
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Bonilla-Represa V, Abalos-Labruzzi C, Herrera-Martinez M, Guerrero-Pérez MO. Nanomaterials in Dentistry: State of the Art and Future Challenges. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1770. [PMID: 32906829 PMCID: PMC7557393 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are commonly considered as those materials in which the shape and molecular composition at a nanometer scale can be controlled. Subsequently, they present extraordinary properties that are being useful for the development of new and improved applications in many fields, including medicine. In dentistry, several research efforts are being conducted, especially during the last decade, for the improvement of the properties of materials used in dentistry. The objective of the present article is to offer the audience a complete and comprehensive review of the main applications that have been developed in dentistry, by the use of these materials, during the last two decades. It was shown how these materials are improving the treatments in mainly all the important areas of dentistry, such as endodontics, periodontics, implants, tissue engineering and restorative dentistry. The scope of the present review is, subsequently, to revise the main applications regarding nano-shaped materials in dentistry, including nanorods, nanofibers, nanotubes, nanospheres/nanoparticles, and zeolites and other orders porous materials. The results of the bibliographic analysis show that the most explored nanomaterials in dentistry are graphene and carbon nanotubes, and their derivatives. A detailed analysis and a comparative study of their applications show that, although they are quite similar, graphene-based materials seem to be more promising for most of the applications of interest in dentistry. The bibliographic study also demonstrated the potential of zeolite-based materials, although the low number of studies on their applications shows that they have not been totally explored, as well as other porous nanomaterials that have found important applications in medicine, such as metal organic frameworks, have not been explored. Subsequently, it is expected that the research effort will concentrate on graphene and zeolite-based materials in the coming years. Thus, the present review paper presents a detailed bibliographic study, with more than 200 references, in order to briefly describe the main achievements that have been described in dentistry using nanomaterials, compare and analyze them in a critical way, with the aim of predicting the future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Bonilla-Represa
- Departamento de Operatoria Dental y Endodoncia, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41009 Sevilla, Spain; (V.B.-R.); (M.H.-M.)
| | | | - Manuela Herrera-Martinez
- Departamento de Operatoria Dental y Endodoncia, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41009 Sevilla, Spain; (V.B.-R.); (M.H.-M.)
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Pranno N, La Monaca G, Polimeni A, Sarto MS, Uccelletti D, Bruni E, Cristalli MP, Cavallini D, Vozza I. Antibacterial Activity against Staphylococcus Aureus of Titanium Surfaces Coated with Graphene Nanoplatelets to Prevent Peri-Implant Diseases. An In-Vitro Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1568. [PMID: 32121336 PMCID: PMC7084449 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dental implants are one of the most commonly used ways to replace missing teeth. Nevertheless, the close contact with hard and soft oral tissues expose these devices to infectious peri-implant diseases. To prevent such infection, several surface treatments have been developed in the last few years to improve the antimicrobial properties of titanium dental implants. In this in-vitro pilot study, the antimicrobial activity of titanium surfaces coated with different types of graphene nanoplatelets are investigated. Six different colloidal suspensions of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were produced from graphite intercalated compounds, setting the temperature and duration of the thermal shock and varying the number of the exfoliation cycles. Titanium disks with sand-blasted and acid-etched surfaces were sprayed with 2 mL of colloidal GNPs suspensions. The size of the GNPs and the percentage of titanium disk surfaces coated by GNPs were evaluated through a field emission-scanning electron microscope. The antibacterial activity of the specimens against Staphylococcus aureus was estimated using a crystal violet assay. The dimension of GNPs decreased progressively after each sonication cycle. The two best mean percentages of titanium disk surfaces coated by GNPs were GNPs1050°/2 and GNPs1150°/2. The reduction of biofilm development was 14.4% in GNPs1150°/2, 20.1% in GNPs1150°/3, 30.3% in GNPs1050°/3, and 39.2% in GNPs1050°/2. The results of the study suggested that the surface treatment of titanium disks with GNPs represents a promising solution to improve the antibacterial activity of titanium implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Pranno
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy; (N.P.); (A.P.); (I.V.)
| | - Gerardo La Monaca
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy; (N.P.); (A.P.); (I.V.)
| | - Antonella Polimeni
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy; (N.P.); (A.P.); (I.V.)
| | - Maria Sabrina Sarto
- SNN Lab, Sapienza Nanotechnology & Nano-Science Laboratory, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy; (M.S.S.); (D.C.)
- DIAEE, Department of Astronautical, Electrical, Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Uccelletti
- BBCD, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy; (D.U.); (E.B.)
| | - Erika Bruni
- BBCD, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy; (D.U.); (E.B.)
| | - Maria Paola Cristalli
- Department of Biotechnologies and Medico Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy;
| | - Domenico Cavallini
- SNN Lab, Sapienza Nanotechnology & Nano-Science Laboratory, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy; (M.S.S.); (D.C.)
- DIAEE, Department of Astronautical, Electrical, Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Iole Vozza
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy; (N.P.); (A.P.); (I.V.)
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Ferrando-Magraner E, Bellot-Arcís C, Paredes-Gallardo V, Almerich-Silla JM, García-Sanz V, Fernández-Alonso M, Montiel-Company JM. Antibacterial Properties of Nanoparticles in Dental Restorative Materials. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56020055. [PMID: 32013103 PMCID: PMC7073742 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Nanotechnology has become a significant area of research focused mainly on increasing the antibacterial and mechanical properties of dental materials. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine and quantitatively analyze the current evidence for the addition of different nanoparticles into dental restorative materials, to determine whether their incorporation increases the antibacterial/antimicrobial properties of the materials. Materials and Methods: A literature search was performed in the Pubmed, Scopus, and Embase databases, up to December 2018, following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Results: A total of 624 papers were identified in the initial search. After screening the texts and applying inclusion criteria, only 11 of these were selected for quantitative analysis. The incorporation of nanoparticles led to a significant increase (p-value <0.01) in the antibacterial capacity of all the dental materials synthesized in comparison with control materials. Conclusions: The incorporation of nanoparticles into dental restorative materials was a favorable option; the antibacterial activity of nanoparticle-modified dental materials was significantly higher compared with the original unmodified materials, TiO2 nanoparticles providing the greatest benefits. However, the high heterogeneity among the articles reviewed points to the need for further research and the application of standardized research protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ferrando-Magraner
- Orthodontics Teaching Unit, Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.F.-M.); (C.B.-A.); (V.G.-S.)
| | - Carlos Bellot-Arcís
- Orthodontics Teaching Unit, Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.F.-M.); (C.B.-A.); (V.G.-S.)
| | - Vanessa Paredes-Gallardo
- Orthodontics Teaching Unit, Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.F.-M.); (C.B.-A.); (V.G.-S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - José Manuel Almerich-Silla
- Preventive Dentistry Teaching Unit, Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.M.A.-S.); (J.M.M.-C.)
| | - Verónica García-Sanz
- Orthodontics Teaching Unit, Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.F.-M.); (C.B.-A.); (V.G.-S.)
| | | | - José María Montiel-Company
- Preventive Dentistry Teaching Unit, Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.M.A.-S.); (J.M.M.-C.)
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