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Gutierrez-Pereira J, Cebrian-Parra JL, Garcia-Maroto R, Llanos S, Garcia-Lopez A. Periacetabular metastases: Proposed extension of the Harrington classification. J Orthop 2025; 66:34-42. [PMID: 39872990 PMCID: PMC11763209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2025.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2025] [Indexed: 01/30/2025] Open
Abstract
Objectives To describe the functional outcomes, complications, and reconstruction types in patients with periacetabular metastases and to propose an extension of the Harrington classification. Methods Twenty-eight patients (13 males, 15 females) with a mean age of 63.8 ± 15.5 years presented with periacetabular metastases from January 2010 to December 2021. The periacetabular metastases were graded according to Harrington's classification, with four additional categories introduced: A) joint involvement, B) Enneking zone 1 involvement, C) pathological acetabular fracture, and X) none of the above. All patients underwent surgery at a single national referral center. Results Based on the Harrington classification, the acetabular destruction results were as follows: Class 1, two cases (7 %); Class 2, eight cases (29 %); Class 3, 17 cases (61 %); and Class 4, one case (3 %). The results for the additional categories were: A, five cases (18 %); B, five cases (18 %); C, seven cases (25 %); and X, 11 cases (39 %). The most frequent type of reconstruction was total hip prosthesis with a reinforcement ring. Four patients (14 %) required reintervention. After a mean follow-up of 43 ± 45 months (range 2-144), seven patients (25 %) could walk unaided, 16 (57 %) required assistance, and five (18 %) could not walk. Three patients (11 %) died before the third postoperative month. Conclusion Most patients in this study achieved functional outcomes that allowed ambulation. The type of reconstruction was determined by the classification of the bone defect. We propose extending Harrington's classification to include the four additional categories introduced in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Gutierrez-Pereira
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Spanish National Reference Center for Musculoskeletal Oncological Surgery, Calle Del Prof Martín Lagos, S/N, Moncloa, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Pintor Baeza 11, 03010, Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Cebrian-Parra
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Spanish National Reference Center for Musculoskeletal Oncological Surgery, Calle Del Prof Martín Lagos, S/N, Moncloa, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Garcia-Maroto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Spanish National Reference Center for Musculoskeletal Oncological Surgery, Calle Del Prof Martín Lagos, S/N, Moncloa, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Llanos
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Spanish National Reference Center for Musculoskeletal Oncological Surgery, Calle Del Prof Martín Lagos, S/N, Moncloa, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Garcia-Lopez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Spanish National Reference Center for Musculoskeletal Oncological Surgery, Calle Del Prof Martín Lagos, S/N, Moncloa, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Pintor Baeza 11, 03010, Alicante, Spain
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Shooroki KK, Khabiri SS, Khodabakhshi A, Babaei A, Naghizadeh H. Integrating techniques to optimize outcomes: durable hybrid reconstruction of a metastatic periacetabular pathologic fracture - a case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2025; 131:111408. [PMID: 40345049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2025.111408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2025] [Revised: 04/24/2025] [Accepted: 05/05/2025] [Indexed: 05/11/2025] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metastatic involvement of the periacetabular region is a rare but functionally devastating complication of advanced malignancies. Structural insufficiency fractures in this area lead to severe pain, loss of ambulation, and impaired quality of life. Surgical reconstruction is challenging due to poor bone quality, complex anatomy, and often prior radiotherapy. CASE PRESENTATION We report the case of a 36-year-old woman with a history of metastatic breast cancer who presented with acute right hip pain and inability to walk following a fall. Imaging revealed a metastatic insufficiency fracture of the right acetabulum involving the roof and both columns. The patient had a prior history of pelvic radiotherapy. A two-stage hybrid reconstruction was planned to optimize mechanical support while minimizing postoperative complications. CLINICAL DISCUSSION This case highlights the complexity of surgical decision-making in metastatic acetabular insufficiency. Various techniques exist, including cementoplasty, tripod fixation, Harrington reconstruction, 3D-printed implants, and pedestal prostheses. Each has unique advantages and limitations depending on lesion extent and patient factors. In our case, a staged hybrid approach (plate fixation, followed by Harrington + tripod + cemented THA) provided durable reconstruction without complications at 24 months follow-up. CONCLUSION Hybrid reconstruction offers a viable and effective option for managing complex metastatic periacetabular insufficiency fractures, particularly in previously irradiated patients. A multidisciplinary, staged strategy can achieve excellent functional outcomes with low complication rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Kargar Shooroki
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Saeed Khabiri
- Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirreza Khodabakhshi
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirmohammad Babaei
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Naghizadeh
- Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Guan J, Qi F, Liang H, Liu X, Zhao Z, Chen L, Zhang R, Yang RY, Goker B, Singh S, Hoang BH, Geller DS, Wang J, Yang R. Advancements in Surgical Management of Periacetabular Metastases: Emphasizing Minimally Invasive Techniques. Cancers (Basel) 2025; 17:1015. [PMID: 40149349 PMCID: PMC11941501 DOI: 10.3390/cancers17061015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2025] [Accepted: 02/14/2025] [Indexed: 03/29/2025] Open
Abstract
This review aims to summarize the evolution of surgical techniques for periacetabular metastatic cancer, assess their strengths and limitations, and clarify the corresponding indications. We conducted a comprehensive literature review on periacetabular metastatic cancer, summarizing surgical techniques involving both open and minimally invasive approaches. Additionally, we evaluated the indications for different minimally invasive techniques and proposed potential combinations of these techniques. Our review underscores the benefits of minimally invasive surgery, including reduced surgical trauma, improved patient mobility, lower complication rates, and expedited recovery times, facilitating earlier initiation of systemic cancer therapies. These techniques show substantial potential for broader application in the future. Despite the historical reliance on open surgery as the standard treatment, minimally invasive approaches are emerging as a promising alternative, particularly for managing osteolytic metastases around the acetabulum. This review provides insights into the optimal integration of these techniques, aiming to support evidence-based clinical decision-making and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Guan
- Musculoskleletal Tumor Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Musculoskeletal Tumors, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (J.G.); (F.Q.); (H.L.); (X.L.); (Z.Z.); (L.C.)
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 518060, China
| | - Feiyang Qi
- Musculoskleletal Tumor Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Musculoskeletal Tumors, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (J.G.); (F.Q.); (H.L.); (X.L.); (Z.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Haijie Liang
- Musculoskleletal Tumor Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Musculoskeletal Tumors, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (J.G.); (F.Q.); (H.L.); (X.L.); (Z.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Xingyu Liu
- Musculoskleletal Tumor Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Musculoskeletal Tumors, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (J.G.); (F.Q.); (H.L.); (X.L.); (Z.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Zhiqing Zhao
- Musculoskleletal Tumor Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Musculoskeletal Tumors, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (J.G.); (F.Q.); (H.L.); (X.L.); (Z.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Linxi Chen
- Musculoskleletal Tumor Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Musculoskeletal Tumors, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (J.G.); (F.Q.); (H.L.); (X.L.); (Z.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Ranxin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (R.Z.); (R.Y.Y.); (B.G.); (S.S.); (B.H.H.); (D.S.G.)
| | - Ryan Y. Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (R.Z.); (R.Y.Y.); (B.G.); (S.S.); (B.H.H.); (D.S.G.)
| | - Barlas Goker
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (R.Z.); (R.Y.Y.); (B.G.); (S.S.); (B.H.H.); (D.S.G.)
| | - Swapnil Singh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (R.Z.); (R.Y.Y.); (B.G.); (S.S.); (B.H.H.); (D.S.G.)
| | - Bang H. Hoang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (R.Z.); (R.Y.Y.); (B.G.); (S.S.); (B.H.H.); (D.S.G.)
| | - David S. Geller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (R.Z.); (R.Y.Y.); (B.G.); (S.S.); (B.H.H.); (D.S.G.)
| | - Jichuan Wang
- Musculoskleletal Tumor Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Musculoskeletal Tumors, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (J.G.); (F.Q.); (H.L.); (X.L.); (Z.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (R.Z.); (R.Y.Y.); (B.G.); (S.S.); (B.H.H.); (D.S.G.)
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Imanishi J, Yang R, Kawano H, Lee FY. Recent Advances in Minimally Invasive Local Cancer Control and Skeletal Stabilization of Periacetabular Osteolytic Metastases Under C-Arm Imaging Guidance. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2025; 33:e136-e150. [PMID: 39448055 DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-24-00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancers are chronic manageable diseases in the era of the second phase of the Cancer Moonshot program by the US government. Patients with cancer suffer from various forms of orthopaedic morbidities, namely locomotive syndrome in cancer patients ( Cancer Locomo ). Type I encompasses orthopaedic conditions directly caused by cancers such as pathological fractures. Type II includes conditions caused by cancer treatments in cases of osteopenia, bone necrosis, insufficiency fractures, nonunions, and postsurgical complications. Type III defines coexisting conditions such as arthritis. The fundamental philosophy is that orthopaedic surgeons facilitate lifesaving ambulatory anticancer drug therapies by preventing and improving Cancer Locomo . Skeletal metastasis-specific procedures are evolving currently. Recently emerging percutaneous ambulatory minimally invasive procedures address skeletal reinforcement and local cancer control while avoiding many complications and drawbacks from extensive open surgical reconstructive procedures. Three-dimensional imaging techniques are useful but are not always available for acetabular procedures in all healthcare facilities. In this review, the techniques of percutaneous guidewire and antegrade cannulated screw placement under standard C-arm fluoroscopy are described in detail. In addition, cancer-induced bone loss, biomechanical data of percutaneous skeletal reinforcement, and clinical outcomes of minimally invasive procedures were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungo Imanishi
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (Imanishi and Kawano), Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (Yang), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, and the Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation (Lee), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Hirase T, Rowan C, Jacob T, Vemu SM, Aflatooni JO, Patel SS, Satcher RL, Lin PP, Moon BS, Lewis VO, Marco RAW, Bird JE. Percutaneous Cementation for Improvement of Pain and Function for Osteolytic Pelvic Metastasis: A Systematic Review. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2024; 32:e726-e736. [PMID: 38709827 DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-23-00969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pelvic metastasis is a common presentation among patients presenting with skeletal metastasis. Image-guided percutaneous cementation of these lesions is becoming increasingly popular for the treatment of these lesions. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review that investigates clinical outcomes after percutaneous cementation for pelvic metastasis. METHODS A systematic review was registered with International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews and performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines using the PubMed, SCOPUS, and Ovid MEDLINE databases. All level I to IV clinical studies published in the English language investigating the clinical outcomes after percutaneous cementation for pelvic metastasis were included. RESULTS Fourteen studies with 579 patients (278 men, 301 women) and 631 metastatic pelvic lesions were included in the study. The mean follow-up range was 0.7 to 26.4 months. Percutaneous cementation alone was performed in 441 patients (76.2%). Supplemental ablative procedures were performed in 77 patients (13.3%), and supplemental internal fixation using cannulated screws was performed in 107 patients (18.5%). Twelve studies with 430 patients (74.2%) reported pain-related and/or functional outcome scores, of which all studies reported overall clinically notable improvement at short-term follow-up. All studies reported periprocedural complications. Local cement leakage was the most common complication (162/631 lesions, 25.7%) followed by transient local pain (25/579 patients, 4.3%). There were no reported cases of major complications. Seven patients (1.2%) underwent re-intervention for persistent symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Percutaneous cementation may be an effective method for treating pain and function related to pelvic metastasis. The most common complication was cement leakage surrounding the lesion. The rates of major complications were low, and most complications appeared minor and transient. Additional prospective studies are needed to further assess the efficacy of this procedure. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV, systematic review of level I to IV therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hirase
- From the Department of Spine Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY (Hirase), Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX (Hirase, Rowan, Jacob), the Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital (Vemu, Aflatooni), the Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (Patel, Satcher, Lin, Moon, Lewis, Bird), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX (Marco)
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Koob S, Kohlhof H, Randau TM, Wirtz DC. [Acetabular metastatic defect reconstruction using the modular revision support cup MRS-C]. OPERATIVE ORTHOPADIE UND TRAUMATOLOGIE 2024; 36:145-156. [PMID: 37921888 PMCID: PMC11014813 DOI: 10.1007/s00064-023-00834-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stabilization of metastatic acetabular defects with a bone cement-augmented revision support cup for remobilization of oncological patients in advanced cancer stages. INDICATIONS Metastatic acetabular defects (Metastatic Acetabular Classification, MAC 2-4) in patients with a prognostic medium or long-term survival. CONTRAINDICATIONS Highly limited survival due to metastatic disease (< 6 weeks). Local bone or soft tissue infection. Primary bone tumor with curative treatment option. Advanced pelvic discontinuity. Recent wound compromising systemic therapy. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE Standard hip approach. Curettage of the metastatic defect and careful reaming of the acetabulum before insertion of the cup. Predrilling of the dome und flange screws before application of the bone cement through the center hole of the implant and filling of the acetabular defect. Complete insertion of the screws for compound osteosynthesis. Implant of a modular inlay or dual mobility system. POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT Full weight bearing or mobilization with two crutches according to the level of pain. Adjuvant local radiation therapy after wound consolidation. Continuation of systemic therapy according to tumor board decision. RESULTS Between 2012 and 2019, we treated 14 patients with metastatic acetabular defects using the modular revision support cup "MRS-TITAN® Comfort", MRS-C, Peter Brehm GmbH, Weisendorf, Germany) at our institution. Mean Harris Hip Score improvement was 23.2 with a mean patient's survival of 9.7 months due to the reduced cancer-related prognosis; 13 of the 14 implants endured the patient's prognosis. One implant had to be removed due soft tissue defect-related periprosthetic joint infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Koob
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Deutschland.
| | - H Kohlhof
- Unfall‑, Hand- und Orthopädische Chirurgie, St. Antonius Krankenhaus Köln, Köln, Deutschland
| | - T M Randau
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - D C Wirtz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Deutschland
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Jiang W, Lee S, Caruana D, Zhuang KD, Cazzato R, Latich I. Recent Advances in Minimally Invasive Management of Osteolytic Periacetabular Skeletal Metastases. Semin Intervent Radiol 2024; 41:154-169. [PMID: 38993598 PMCID: PMC11236455 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1787165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Painful skeletal osteolytic metastases, impending pathological fractures, and nondisplaced fractures present as a devastating clinical problem in advanced stage cancer patients. Open surgical approaches provide excellent mechanical stabilization but are often associated with high complication rates and slow recovery times. Percutaneous minimally invasive interventions have arisen as a pragmatic and logical treatment option for patients with late-stage cancer in whom open surgery may be contraindicated. These percutaneous interventions minimize soft tissue dissection, allow for the immediate initiation or resumption of chemotherapies, and present with fewer complications. This review provides the most up-to-date technical and conceptual framework for the minimally invasive management of osseous metastases with particular focus on periacetabular lesions. Fundamental topics discussed are as follows: (1) pathogenesis of cancer-induced bone loss and the importance of local cytoreduction to restore bone quality, (2) anatomy and biomechanics of the acetabulum as a weight-bearing zone, (3) overview of ablation options and cement/screw techniques, and (4) combinatorial approaches. Future studies should include additional studies with more long-term follow-up to better assess mechanical durability of minimally invasive interventions. An acetabulum-specific functional and pain scoring framework should be adopted to allow for better cross-study comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale Interventional Oncology, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Dennis Caruana
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kun Da Zhuang
- Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roberto Cazzato
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Nouvel Hôpital Civil (Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg), Strasbourg, France
| | - Igor Latich
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale Interventional Oncology, New Haven, Connecticut
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Lan Y, Li R, Jiang L, Zhou N, He M, Fang B, Yi C. Clinical efficacy analysis of percutaneous "tripod" combined with radiofrequency ablation and bone cement filling in the treatment of periacetabular metastases. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:767. [PMID: 37817253 PMCID: PMC10565971 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04255-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the clinical efficacy of a percutaneous "tripod" combined with radiofrequency ablation and bone cement filling surgery in treating acetabular bone metastases. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 11 patients who underwent percutaneous "tripod" combined with radiofrequency ablation and bone cement filling for acetabular bone metastases at a tertiary care hospital from February 2021 to December 2022. RESULTS 11 cases with 13 hips underwent this procedure, including two female patients who underwent both sides, and the rest were unilateral. All cases were followed up for 3-24 months, with a mean of 12 months and a median follow-up time of 11 months. Two of the 11 patients died by the final follow-up, and nine survived. One died 7 months after surgery, and one died 8 months after surgery; the survival of the deceased patients was 7.5 months (range: 7-8 months), with a median survival time of 7.5 months. All 11 patients completed the surgery successfully, and the average unilateral operation time was 167.4 min (148-193). The amelioration of postoperative pain, concomitant with improved quality of life, was observed significantly, ultimately resulting in a prolonged and sustained effect. CONCLUSIONS The combination of percutaneous "tripod", radiofrequency ablation, and bone cement filling can effectively relieve pain without delaying the patient's systemic anti-tumor therapy and is a minimally invasive, safe, and effective procedure for the treatment of periacetabular metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lan
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Linheng Jiang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Nannan Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Mincon He
- Guangdong Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Fang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunzhi Yi
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China.
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Jiang W, Caruana DL, Dussik CM, Conway D, Latich I, Chapiro J, Lindskog DM, Friedlaender GE, Lee FY. Bone Mass Changes Following Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation, Osteoplasty, Reinforcement, and Internal Fixation of Periacetabular Osteolytic Metastases. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4613. [PMID: 37510728 PMCID: PMC10380351 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The success of orthopedic interventions for periacetabular osteolytic metastases depends on the progression or regression of cancer-induced bone loss. PURPOSE To characterize relative bone mass changes following percutaneous radiofrequency ablation, osteoplasty, cement reinforcement, and internal screw fixation (AORIF). METHODS Of 70 patients who underwent AORIF at a single institution, 21 patients (22 periacetabular sites; average follow-up of 18.5 ± 12.3 months) had high-resolution pelvic bone CT scans, with at least one scan within 3 months following their operation (baseline) and a comparative scan at least 6 months post-operatively. In total, 73 CT scans were measured for bone mass changes using Hounsfield Units (HU). A region of interest was defined for the periacetabular area in the coronal, axial, and sagittal reformation planes for all CT scans. For 6-month and 1-year scans, the coronal and sagittal HU were combined to create a weight-bearing HU (wbHU). Three-dimensional volumetric analysis was performed on the baseline and longest available CT scans. Cohort survival was compared to predicted PathFx 3.0 survival. RESULTS HU increased from baseline post-operative (1.2 ± 1.1 months) to most recent follow-up (20.2 ± 12.1 months) on coronal (124.0 ± 112.3), axial (140.3 ± 153.0), and sagittal (151.9 ± 162.4), p < 0.05. Grayscale volumetric measurements increased by 173.4 ± 166.4 (p < 0.05). AORIF median survival was 27.7 months (6.0 months PathFx3.0 predicted; p < 0.05). At 12 months, patients with >10% increase in wbHU demonstrated superior median survival of 36.5 months (vs. 26.4 months, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Percutaneous stabilization leads to improvements in bone mass and may allow for delays in extensive open reconstruction procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, 47 College Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Dennis L. Caruana
- Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, 47 College Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Christopher M. Dussik
- Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, 47 College Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Devin Conway
- Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, 47 College Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Igor Latich
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale Interventional Oncology, P.O. Box 208042, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Julius Chapiro
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale Interventional Oncology, P.O. Box 208042, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Dieter M. Lindskog
- Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, 47 College Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Gary E. Friedlaender
- Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, 47 College Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Francis Y. Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, 47 College Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Ibe I, Dussik CM, Callan AK, Barr J, Lee FY. Emerging Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Procedures for Periacetabular Osteolytic Metastases. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2023; 105:479-489. [PMID: 36701566 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.22.00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
➤ Periacetabular osteolytic skeletal metastases are frequently associated with pain and impaired ambulatory function. Minimally invasive techniques allow for the restoration of ambulation without interrupting critical systemic cancer therapy. ➤ The open surgical management of massive periacetabular osteolytic lesions, such as by curettage, internal fixation, or complex total hip reconstruction, is associated with blood loss, hospitalization, rehabilitation, and complications such as infection or delayed wound-healing. ➤ Minimally invasive percutaneous procedures have become increasingly popular for the management of periacetabular osteolytic metastases by interventional oncologists and orthopaedic surgeons before complex open surgical procedures are considered. ➤ Minimally invasive procedures may include various methods of cancer ablation and reinforcement techniques. Minimally invasive procedures may entail cancer ablation, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement reinforcement, balloon osteoplasty, percutaneous screw fixation, or combinations of the aforementioned techniques (e.g., ablation-osteoplasty-reinforcement-internal fixation [AORIF]).
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Affiliation(s)
- Izuchukwu Ibe
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | | | - Alexandra K Callan
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jennifer Barr
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Francis Y Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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11
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Christ AB, Bartelstein MK, Kenan S, Ogura K, Fujiwara T, Healey JH, Fabbri N. Operative management of metastatic disease of the acetabulum: review of the literature and prevailing concepts. Hip Int 2023; 33:152-160. [PMID: 36225166 DOI: 10.1177/11207000221130270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic disease of the periacetabular region is a common problem in orthopaedic oncology, associated with severe pain, decreased mobility, and substantial decline of the quality of life. Conservative management includes optimisation of pain management, activity modification, and radiation therapy. However, patients with destructive lesions affecting the weight-bearing portion of the acetabulum often require reconstructive surgery to decrease pain and restore mobility. The goal of surgery is to provide an immediately stable and durable construct, allowing immediate postoperative weight-bearing and maintaining functional independence for the remaining lifetime of the patient. A variety of surgical techniques have been reported, most of which are based upon cemented total hip arthroplasty, but also include porous tantalum implants and percutaneous cementoplasty. This review discusses the various reconstructive concepts and options, including their respective indications and outcome. A reconstructive algorithm incorporating different techniques and strategies based upon location and quality of remaining bone is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B Christ
- Orthopaedic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meredith K Bartelstein
- Orthopaedic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shachar Kenan
- Orthopaedic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Koichi Ogura
- Orthopaedic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tomohiro Fujiwara
- Orthopaedic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John H Healey
- Orthopaedic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicola Fabbri
- Orthopaedic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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12
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Shiels SJ, Gosling O, Mehendale SA, Baker RP. Reconstruction with a cage outlives patients with metastatic disease involving the acetabulum. Hip Int 2022; 33:471-477. [PMID: 35238228 DOI: 10.1177/11207000211068098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to determine whether patients treated with a caged reconstruction for metastatic acetabular disease would have a construct survival superior to that of their life expectancy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We undertook a retrospective study, in a single centre in the United Kingdom, reviewing outcomes for 19 patients (20 hips) treated with a cage reconstruction for metastatic disease of their acetabulum over 6 years. Inclusion criteria were those with an impending fracture of the acetabulum, metastatic dissociation, fracture of the acetabulum and or femur and those whose life expectancy was considered by the oncology team to be >6 months. RESULTS In all patients the Restoration GAP II acetabular cage (Stryker, Howmedica Osteonics Corp, NJ, USA) was used in conjunction with a cemented acetabular cup and cemented femoral stem. The mean age at the time of surgery was 68 (44-87) years with breast cancer being the most common primary malignancy (31%) followed by prostate cancer (26%).Radiological survivorship estimates were 94.1% (95% CI, 99.2-65.0) at 12 and 24 months, 70.6% (95% CI, 93.6-16.0) at 36 months and 35.3% (95% CI, 78.2-1.2) at 48 months. There were 3 radiological failures of the implant due to disease progression. Complications occurred in 3 patients with 2 developing deep infection which was treated with suppressive antibiotic therapy following aspiration of the hip. 1 patient suffered a hip dislocation following trauma which was successfully reduced closed and no further intervention was required. CONCLUSIONS This study represents the first published case series of the use of the GAP II cage in patients with metastatic acetabular disease. The construct generally outlives the patient and hence is suitable for the treatment of acetabular metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Shiels
- Avon Orthopaedic Centre, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Oliver Gosling
- Avon Orthopaedic Centre, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Richard P Baker
- Avon Orthopaedic Centre, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
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13
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Hayashi K, Tsuchiya H. The role of surgery in the treatment of metastatic bone tumor. Int J Clin Oncol 2022; 27:1238-1246. [PMID: 35226235 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-022-02144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Surgery for bone metastasis has two primary goals-palliative care to relieve pain, instability and paralysis, and tumor resection for curing the disease. Oncologically en bloc resection, followed by a reconstruction of the bone defect is the treatment of choice in single bone metastasis from renal cell carcinoma or thyroid cancer. Bone metastases may occur in the extremities, pelvis, or spine, and different resection and reconstruction methods depend on the regional anatomy. For instance, multiple options are available for reconstruction of the pelvis, especially for the acetabulum, including anatomical reconstruction using custom-made implants or recycled autologous bone grafting when a long-term prognosis is expected. Recently, for the spine, total en bloc spondylectomy is extensively performed despite the initial limitations of surgical invasiveness, such as blood loss. Principally, palliative surgery aims to maintain lasting bony stability with minimal surgical invasiveness. Intramedullary nails and plate fixation are frequently used in the extremities but the postoperative failure rate is relatively high. Therefore, surgeons should consider the use of long intramedullary nails and long-type stems for endoprosthesis reconstruction along with cement fixation to reduce the failure rate. Although short-term complications, such as dislocation, have been observed with endoprosthesis reconstruction, it is stable in the long-term follow-up. Percutaneous bone cement injection into the spine and pelvis is also effective and less invasive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
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14
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Lee YN, Kim JH, Kang HG, Park JW. Evaluation of Intraosseous Pressure during Pelvic Percutaneous Cement Injection: An In Vitro Study in Swine. Clin Orthop Surg 2022; 14:645-651. [DOI: 10.4055/cios21230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Na Lee
- Division of Convergence Technology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - June Hyuk Kim
- Orthopaedic Oncology Clinic, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyun Guy Kang
- Orthopaedic Oncology Clinic, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jong Woong Park
- Orthopaedic Oncology Clinic, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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15
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Tsukamoto S, Kido A, Tanaka Y, Facchini G, Peta G, Rossi G, Mavrogenis AF. Current Overview of Treatment for Metastatic Bone Disease. Curr Oncol 2021; 28:3347-3372. [PMID: 34590591 PMCID: PMC8482272 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28050290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of patients with bone metastasis increases as medical management and surgery improve the overall survival of patients with cancer. Bone metastasis can cause skeletal complications, including bone pain, pathological fractures, spinal cord or nerve root compression, and hypercalcemia. Before initiation of treatment for bone metastasis, it is important to exclude primary bone malignancy, which would require a completely different therapeutic approach. It is essential to select surgical methods considering the patient’s prognosis, quality of life, postoperative function, and risk of postoperative complications. Therefore, bone metastasis treatment requires a multidisciplinary team approach, including radiologists, oncologists, and orthopedic surgeons. Recently, many novel palliative treatment options have emerged for bone metastases, such as stereotactic body radiation therapy, radiopharmaceuticals, vertebroplasty, minimally invasive spine stabilization with percutaneous pedicle screws, acetabuloplasty, embolization, thermal ablation techniques, electrochemotherapy, and high-intensity focused ultrasound. These techniques are beneficial for patients who may not benefit from surgery or radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Tsukamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840, Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-744-22-3051
| | - Akira Kido
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840, Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan;
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840, Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan;
| | - Giancarlo Facchini
- Department of Radiology and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (G.F.); (G.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Giuliano Peta
- Department of Radiology and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (G.F.); (G.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Rossi
- Department of Radiology and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (G.F.); (G.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Andreas F. Mavrogenis
- First Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 41 Ventouri Street, 15562 Athens, Greece;
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16
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Park JW, Lim HJ, Kang HG, Kim JH, Kim HS. Percutaneous Cementoplasty for the Pelvis in Bone Metastasis: 12-Year Experience. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 29:1413-1422. [PMID: 34448054 PMCID: PMC8390074 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-10640-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background In advanced cancer patients, pelvic bone metastasis often causes pain and gait disturbance. The use of percutaneous bone cement [polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)] injection for pain management and strengthening in pelvic bone metastasis has rarely been reported. To evaluate this method, we aimed to determine surgical outcomes and complications over a long-term follow-up period using a large patient group. Patients and Methods We retrospectively collected data from 178 patients who underwent percutaneous cementoplasty for pelvic metastatic lesions, 201 in total. Surgical outcomes evaluated included pain reduction and improvement of ambulation. Mortality within 1 month after procedure and pulmonary embolism caused by thrombus, fat, tumor emboli, or bone cement were investigated as surgical complications. For long-term survivors, pain relapse and mechanical failure were analyzed. The mean follow-up period was 12.6 months, and there were 159 fatalities at last follow-up. Results The mean regional pain numerical rating scale scores decreased from 6.1 preoperatively to 2.4 1 month after procedure (p < 0.01). Gait function was maintained, worsened, and uncheckable in 68%, 24%, and 8% of patients, respectively, 1 month after procedure. Of long-term survivors followed up for > 12 months (n = 53), there were no significant changes in serial plain radiographs, and regional pain aggravation was observed in 9%. Pulmonary cement embolism and bone cement implantation syndrome was observed in 11% and 10%, respectively. However, all patients with these complications were asymptomatic. Conclusions Percutaneous cement injection into the pelvis is a feasible and safe palliative surgical option for patients with advanced malignancy in terms of pain reduction and maintenance of ambulatory function under regional anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Woong Park
- Orthopaedic Oncology Clinic, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,Division of Convergence Technology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Lim
- Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Guy Kang
- Orthopaedic Oncology Clinic, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Convergence Technology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - June Hyuk Kim
- Orthopaedic Oncology Clinic, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Soo Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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17
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Fourman MS, Ramsey DC, Newman ET, Raskin KA, Tobert DG, Lozano-Calderon S. How I do it: Percutaneous stabilization of symptomatic sacral and periacetabular metastatic lesions with photodynamic nails. J Surg Oncol 2021; 124:1192-1199. [PMID: 34291827 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell S Fourman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Duncan C Ramsey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erik T Newman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevin A Raskin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel G Tobert
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Spine Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Santiago Lozano-Calderon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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18
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Ghert M. Another "Tool in the Toolbox" to Treat Metastatic Bone Disease of the Acetabulum and Pelvis: Commentary on an article by D. Ian English, MD, MA, et al.: "Minimally Invasive Stabilization with or without Ablation for Metastatic Periacetabular Tumors". J Bone Joint Surg Am 2021; 103:e52. [PMID: 34228670 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.21.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Ghert
- McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Spine and Non-spine Bone Metastases - Current Controversies and Future Direction. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2020; 32:728-744. [PMID: 32747153 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a common site of metastases in advanced cancers. The main symptom is pain, which increases morbidity and reduces quality of life. The treatment of bone metastases needs a multidisciplinary approach, with the main aim of relieving pain and improving quality of life. Apart from systemic anticancer therapy (hormonal therapy, chemotherapy or immunotherapy), there are several therapeutic options available to achieve palliation, including analgesics, surgery, local radiotherapy, bone-seeking radioisotopes and bone-modifying agents. Long-term use of non-steroidal analgesics and opiates is associated with significant side-effects, and tachyphylaxis. Radiotherapy is effective mainly in localised disease sites. Bone-targeting radionuclides are useful in patients with multiple metastatic lesions. Bone-modifying agents are beneficial in reducing skeletal-related events. This overview focuses on the role of surgery, including minimally invasive treatments, conventional radiotherapy in spinal and non-spinal bone metastases, bone-targeting radionuclides and bone-modifying agents in achieving palliation. We present the clinical data and their associated toxicity. Recent advances are also discussed.
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20
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Mancino F, Cacciola G, Di Matteo V, De Marco D, Greenberg A, Perisano C, MA M, Sculco PK, Maccauro G, De Martino I. Reconstruction options and outcomes for acetabular bone loss in revision hip arthroplasty. Orthop Rev (Pavia) 2020; 12:8655. [PMID: 32913591 PMCID: PMC7459368 DOI: 10.4081/or.2020.8655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Revision total hip arthroplasty in the setting of acetabular bone loss is a challenging procedure and requires a solid understanding of current acetabular reconstruction options. Despite major developments in the field of revision hip surgery in recent decades, reconstruction of acetabular defects remains a major problem in order to achieve primary stability and durable fixation without sacrificing additional bone stock. Although there are several ways to classify acetabular bone defects, the Paprosky classification system is the most commonly used to describe the defects and guide treatment strategy. An understanding of the bone defects associated with detailed pre-operative assessment and planning are essential elements in order to achieve satisfactory outcomes. Multiple acetabular reconstructive options are currently available including impaction bone grafting with metal mesh, reinforcement rings and antiprotrusio cage, structural allografts, cementless hemispherical cups, extra-large "jumbo cups", oblong cups, modular porous metal augments, cup-cage constructs, custom- made triflange cups, and acetabular distraction. To date, debate continues as to which technique is most effective due to the lack of long-term studies of modern reconstruction systems. Further long-term studies are necessary to assess the longevity of the different implants. The purpose of this study was to review the current literature and provide a comprehensive understanding of the available reconstruction options with their clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Mancino
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Aging, Neurological, Orthopaedic and Head- Neck Studies, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Cacciola
- GIOMI Istituto Ortopedico del Mezzogiorno d’Italia Franco Scalabrino, Ganzirri, Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Matteo
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Aging, Neurological, Orthopaedic and Head- Neck Studies, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide De Marco
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Aging, Neurological, Orthopaedic and Head- Neck Studies, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alexander Greenberg
- Stavros Niarchos Foundation Complex Joint Reconstruction Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York NY, USA
| | - Carlo Perisano
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Aging, Neurological, Orthopaedic and Head- Neck Studies, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Malahias MA
- Stavros Niarchos Foundation Complex Joint Reconstruction Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York NY, USA
| | - Peter K. Sculco
- Stavros Niarchos Foundation Complex Joint Reconstruction Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York NY, USA
| | - Giulio Maccauro
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Aging, Neurological, Orthopaedic and Head- Neck Studies, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivan De Martino
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Aging, Neurological, Orthopaedic and Head- Neck Studies, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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21
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Subjective Analysis of the Filling of an Acetabular Osteolytic Lesion Following Percutaneous Cementoplasty: Is It Reliable? Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2019; 43:445-452. [DOI: 10.1007/s00270-019-02397-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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22
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Assessment of risk factors for occurrence or worsening of acetabular fracture following percutaneous cementoplasty of acetabulum malignancies. Eur J Radiol 2019; 120:108694. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2019.108694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Cementoplasty of pelvic bone metastases: systematic assessment of lesion filling and other factors that could affect the clinical outcomes. Skeletal Radiol 2019; 48:1345-1355. [PMID: 30712119 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-019-3156-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate lesion filling and other factors that could affect the clinical outcomes of cementoplasty for pelvic bone metastases. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the files of 40 patients treated for 44 pelvic bone metastases, collected the parameters related to patients (pain relief evaluated on a visual analog scale, subsequent fractures, and need for surgery), lesions (size, cortical breach score, fracture, soft-tissue extension), and cementoplasty procedures (number of needles, volume of cement, percentage of lesion filling, cement leaks, residual acetabular roof defect), and performed a statistical analysis. RESULTS The lesions were on average 43.2 mm in diameter and the mean cortical breach score was 2.5 out of 6, with a pathological fracture in 14 lesions. The number of needles inserted was one in 32 out of 44, two in 10 out of 44, and three in 2 out of 44. On average, the volume of cement injected per lesion was 10.3 ml and the filling was 54.8%. Mild or moderate asymptomatic cement leakage occurred in 20 lesions (45.5%). The mean pain score was 84.2 mm before the procedure (with no correlation with lesion size, cortical breach score or fracture) and 45.6 mm at follow-up. The pain relief of 38.6 mm was statistically significant (p < 0.001) and did not correlate with the filling percentage. There were no fractures of the treated lesions at a mean follow-up of 355 days. CONCLUSIONS Cementoplasty of pelvic bone metastases appears effective for providing pain relief and may prevent subsequent fractures. We were unable to demonstrate a correlation between the lesion filling and the degree of pain relief.
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Yan T, Zhao Z, Tang X, Guo W, Yang R, Tang S, Dong S. Improving functional outcome and quality of life for patients with metastatic lesion of acetabulum undergoing cement augmentation. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17029. [PMID: 31490390 PMCID: PMC6739023 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increased enthusiasm in treating osteolytic metastatic acetabulum via injecting polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) as a bone filler to provide pain relief and potential structural support. The aim of this respective study is to determine the function and quality of life improvement after cement acetabuloplasty.Thirty two patients underwent acetabular cement augmentation between May 2014 and March 2018 were respectively reviewed. Isolated percutaneous acetabuloplasty (PA) was performed in 15 patients (group A) while radiofrequency ablation with PA (RFA-PA) in 12 patients (group B). Together with PA, open reconstructive surgery on ipsilateral femur was performed in another 5 cases (group C). Pre- and posttreatment functional evaluation and quality of life (QoL) assessment were carried out.The average followup duration was 11.5 (range, 3-36) months. None of major complications occurred. 81.2% (26/32) of patients achieved complete pain relief. Reduction of pain intensity and improvement of functional status achieved significantly differences after treatment (P = .00). Significant improvement (P = .00) was observed in scales of global QoL and pain-related restrictions in daily activities. Both isolated PA and RFA-PA procedures were equally effective towards the improvement of function and quality of life (P > .05). Regarding 5 patients in group C, pain intensity decreased when loading the affected limb and they could walk with crutches or cane.Bone cement acetabuloplasty is an adequate and effective mini-invasive procedure to relieve pain, restore function, and enhance the quality of life of patients for as long as possible in metastatic patients with short life expectancy. Ipsilateral surgery appears to be safe and well tolerated.
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25
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Garnon J, Meylheuc L, Cazzato RL, Dalili D, Koch G, Auloge P, Bayle B, Gangi A. Percutaneous extra-spinal cementoplasty in patients with cancer: A systematic review of procedural details and clinical outcomes. Diagn Interv Imaging 2019; 100:743-752. [PMID: 31427218 DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To perform a systematic review of technical details and clinical outcomes of percutaneous extra-spinal cementoplasty in patients with malignant lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS PUBMED, MEDLINE, MEDLINE in-process, EMBASE and the Cochrane databases were searched between January 1990 and February 2019 using the keywords «percutaneous cementoplasty», «percutaneous osteoplasty» and «extra-spinal cementoplasty». Inclusion criteria were: retrospective/prospective cohort with more than 4 patients, published in English language, reporting the use of percutaneous injection of cement inside an extra-spinal bone malignant tumour using a dedicated bone trocar, as a stand-alone procedure or in combination with another percutaneous intervention, in order to provide pain palliation and/or bone consolidation. RESULTS Thirty articles involving 652 patients with a total of 761 lesions were reviewed. Mean size of lesion was 45mm (range of mean size among publications: 29-73mm); 489 lesions were located in the pelvis, 262 in the long bones of the limbs and 10 in other locations. Cementoplasty was reported as a stand-alone procedure for 60.1% of lesions, and combined with thermal ablation for 26.2% of lesions, implant devices for 12.3% of lesions, and balloon kyphoplasty for 1.4% of lesions. The mean volume of injected cement was 8.8mL (range of mean volume among publications: 2.7-32.2mL). The preoperative visual analogic scores ranged between 3.2 and 9.5. Postoperative scores at last available follow-up ranged from 0.4 to 5.6. Thirteen papers reported a reduction of the visual analogic scores of 5 points or more. Nerve injury was the most frequent symptomatic leakage (0.6%). CONCLUSION Percutaneous extra-spinal cementopasty is predominantly performed as a stand-alone procedure and for lesions in the bony pelvis. It appears to be an effective tool to manage pain associated with malignant bone tumours. There is however a lack of standardization of the technique among the different publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Garnon
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, 67096 Strasbourg cedex, France; UMR 7357 CNRS, ICube, INSA Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France.
| | - L Meylheuc
- UMR 7357 CNRS, ICube, INSA Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - R L Cazzato
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, 67096 Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - D Dalili
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 21287 Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - G Koch
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, 67096 Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - P Auloge
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, 67096 Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - B Bayle
- UMR 7357 CNRS, ICube, INSA Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - A Gangi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, 67096 Strasbourg cedex, France; UMR 7357 CNRS, ICube, INSA Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France
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26
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Abstract
Percutaneous osteoplasty (POP) has been proven to relieve pain due to osteolytic metastases by injecting bone cement to stabilize the pathological fracture. Nevertheless, there have been few reports about POP of metastases in the pubis. This article presents a case involving the use of POP to manage a metastasis in the pubis. After POP the patient experienced significant pain relief and improvement in the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University No. 95, Yong An Rd, Xi Cheng District, 100050, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University No. 95, Yong An Rd, Xi Cheng District, 100050, Beijing, China.
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27
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Liu YB, Zou TM. Giant monostotic osteofibrous dysplasia of the ilium: A case report and review of literature. World J Clin Cases 2018; 6:830-835. [PMID: 30510951 PMCID: PMC6264999 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v6.i14.830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteofibrous dysplasia (OFD) is a developmental skeletal disorder, and cases with a giant affected area in the pelvis are rare.
CASE SUMMARY In this case report, a 48-year-old man presented with a large tumor in the right iliac region that turned out to be OFD. The patient had rebound tenderness in his right hip. After radiography examination, magnetic resonance imaging examinations and some physical examination, extensive bone destruction in the right ilium was confirmed. Moreover, changes in bone mineral density and peripheral cortical bone sclerosis with surrounding soft tissue swelling were observed. Thus, this patient was considered to have giant monostotic OFD of the ilium. The tumor-related area was removed completely by surgery, and the remaining cavity was filled by artificial bones from the opposite ilium. According to the results of follow-up, the patient had normal flexion and extension activities of the right hip joint, and there was no evidence of recurrence of the tumor.
CONCLUSION Suture of iliopsoas and gluteus medius muscle following focus curettage and bone grafting is a promising and effective method to treat giant OFD of the ilium. It is a feasible way to fill a large cavity after removing a lesion like the one is this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Bo Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tian-Ming Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, Jiangsu Province, China
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28
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Hochberg U, Elgueta MF, Perez J. Interventional Analgesic Management of Lung Cancer Pain. Front Oncol 2017; 7:17. [PMID: 28261561 PMCID: PMC5306685 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the four most prevalent cancers worldwide. Comprehensive patient care includes not only adherence to clinical guidelines to control and when possible cure the disease but also appropriate symptom control. Pain is one of the most prevalent symptoms in patients diagnosed with lung cancer; it can arise from local invasion of chest structures or metastatic disease invading bones, nerves, or other anatomical structures potentially painful. Pain can also be a consequence of therapeutic approaches like surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. Conventional medical management of cancer pain includes prescription of opioids and coadjuvants at doses sufficient to control the symptoms without causing severe drug effects. When an adequate pharmacological medical management fails to provide satisfactory analgesia or when it causes limiting side effects, interventional cancer pain techniques may be considered. Interventional pain management is devoted to the use of invasive techniques such as joint injections, nerve blocks and/or neurolysis, neuromodulation, and cement augmentation techniques to provide diagnosis and treatment of pain syndromes resistant to conventional medical management. Advantages of interventional approaches include better analgesic outcomes without experiencing drug-related side effects and potential for opioid reduction thus avoiding central side effects. This review will describe various pain syndromes frequently described in lung cancer patients and those interventional techniques potentially indicated for those cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Hochberg
- Cancer Pain Program, McGill University Health Centre , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | | | - Jordi Perez
- Cancer Pain Program, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Alan Edwards Pain Management Unit, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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29
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Durfee RA, Sabo SA, Letson GD, Binitie O, Cheong D. Percutaneous Acetabuloplasty for Metastatic Lesions to the Pelvis. Orthopedics 2017; 40:e170-e175. [PMID: 27783835 DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20161017-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic lesions of the acetabulum can be painful and debilitating. First-line treatment is multimodal and consists of disease-specific chemotherapy, osteoclastic inhibitors, analgesics, and radiation therapy. When these therapies fail, surgical intervention usually is indicated and varies from regional defect stabilization to large periacetabular reconstructions that are demanding procedures with high rates of complications. Percutaneous cement augmentation (acetabuloplasty) of lesions in selected patients has been explored as a less invasive method of lesional control. This retrospective review included 11 patients with painful periacetabular lesions who underwent percutaneous acetabuloplasty using fluoroscopic guidance from 2007 to 2012, in addition to standard treatment with either radiation or chemotherapy, or a combination of both radiation and chemotherapy. Primary tumors included 4 multiple myeloma, 4 renal cell, and 3 breast malignancies. Mean procedure length was 58.4 minutes, and mean hospital stay was 1.4 days (range, 1-2 days). Mean blood loss was 33.4 mL, and there were no complications due to infection or cementation. Mean follow-up was 26.4 months (range, 3-36 months), with 2 patients dying from complications of underlying disease. All of the patients experienced pain relief following the procedure, with mean visual analog scale scores improving from 7.7 to 2.1 (P=.002). Postoperative Musculoskeletal Tumor Society and Oxford hip scores were obtained for 7 of 11 patients and demonstrated improvement. One patient underwent conversion to an acetabular reconstruction due to disease progression. This report demonstrates the effective use of a minimally invasive procedure to provide acute stability, pain relief, and good functional outcomes in patients with periacetabular metastatic lesions without pathologic fracture. [Orthopedics. 2017; 40(1):e170-e175.].
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30
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Perisano C, Barone C, Stomeo D, Di Giacomo G, Vasso M, Schiavone Panni A, Maccauro G. Indications for prophylactic osteosynthesis associated with curettage in benign and low-grade malignant primitive bone tumors of the distal femur in adult patients: a case series. J Orthop Traumatol 2016; 17:377-382. [PMID: 27394916 PMCID: PMC5071241 DOI: 10.1007/s10195-016-0418-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the use of preventive osteosynthesis after curettage in benign and primitive low-grade malignant bone tumor localized in the distal femur in adult patients provides sufficient mechanical stability to the system as to allow weight-bearing and reduce the risk of postoperative fracture. Additionally, lower limb function after curettage and preventive osteosynthesis was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed twelve cases of benign and low-grade malignant bone lesions of the distal femur in adult patients treated in our orthopedic department between 2008 and 2011 with curettage, bone filling and preventive osteosynthesis. All patients were treated with curettage with the use of high-speed cutters, plus liquid nitrogen as local adjuvant in low-grade malignant lesions, and filling of the lesion with bone graft or allograft or acrylic cement, followed by osteosynthesis. RESULTS No fractures or major complications were observed; good function of the knee was observed. CONCLUSION We recommend preventive osteosynthesis after curettage in patients with very large lesions (>5 cm, >60 cm3) or high functional requirements, in obese patients, and when local adjuvants are used. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV retrospective case-series study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Perisano
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopaedics, University Hospital "Agostino Gemelli", Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, L.go A. Gemelli 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Carlo Barone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital "Agostino Gemelli", Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, L.go A. Gemelli 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Stomeo
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopaedics, University Hospital "Agostino Gemelli", Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, L.go A. Gemelli 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Di Giacomo
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopaedics, University Hospital "Agostino Gemelli", Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, L.go A. Gemelli 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Vasso
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Via Francesco De Santis, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Alfredo Schiavone Panni
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Via Francesco De Santis, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giulio Maccauro
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopaedics, University Hospital "Agostino Gemelli", Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, L.go A. Gemelli 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
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31
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Minimally invasive techniques for pain palliation in extraspinal bone metastases: a review of cementoplasty and radiofrequency ablation. CURRENT ORTHOPAEDIC PRACTICE 2016. [DOI: 10.1097/bco.0000000000000440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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32
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Hartung MP, Tutton SM, Hohenwalter EJ, King DM, Neilson JC. Safety and Efficacy of Minimally Invasive Acetabular Stabilization for Periacetabular Metastatic Disease with Thermal Ablation and Augmented Screw Fixation. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2016; 27:682-688.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2016.01.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic lesions localized in the periacetabular area cause troublesome pain and reduced mobility of the patients. Radiotherapy effectively decreases pain, yet it does not restore the ability to load the joint. Surgical treatment involving resection of metastatic lesions and joint reconstruction using bone grafts is burdened with a high rate of complications. Modular tumor prostheses are being increasingly used. In some cases, it is possible to strengthen the acetabular roof with bone cement using vertebroplasty kits. The aim of the study was to demonstrate various methods of treatment of metastatic lesions localized in the periacetabular area together with the analysis of their results and effectiveness. METHODS Between 2010 and 2015, 27 patients with cancer metastases to the acetabulum were treated at our department. Qualification for surgical treatment was multifaceted with numerous aspects being considered. They included patients' general condition, type of neoplasm, clinical stage, and prognosis. CT and MRI scans of the pelvis were performed in each case. Before the surgery and 3 months following the surgery, visual analogue scale (VAS) pain intensity, Karnofsky functional status, and motor ability according to the Harris scale were evaluated. Bone cement (PMMA)-augmentation was performed in 21 patients, of whom nine had cement injected precutaneously and 12 at proximal femur resection alloplasty. Hemipelvectomy Type II combined with implantation of LUMiC resection prosthesis of the acetabulum were performed in six cases. RESULTS The quality of life improved in all the patients. After percutaneous cement injection, the mean pain intensity VAS score was 2.7, and the mean Karnofsky functional status score was 71.8. The mean postoperative Harris hip score (HHS) was 94 points. The patients who had undergone resection alloplasty on the proximal femur combined with periacetabular cement injection were walking using one crutch. In this group of patients, the mean postoperative pain intensity, functional status, and gait efficiency scores were 4.5, 65.7, and 82 points, respectively. The mean pain intensity VAS score in patients who had LUMiC prostheses implanted was 3.4. Their mean functional status score was 65 and the gait efficiency score 71 points. All the patients were able to walk on crutches. CONCLUSIONS Strengthening of the acetabular roof with bone cement in a specific group of patients is an adequate method of treatment which decreases pain and allows for loading the affected limb while walking. Internal hemipelvectomy combined with LUMiC prosthesis implantation makes it possible for the patients to walk using crutches and significantly reduces pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Guzik
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Podkarpacie Oncology Centre, Specialist Hospital in Brzozów, Bielawskiego 18, 36-200, Brzozów, Polska.
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34
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Colman MW, Karim SM, Hirsch JA, Yoo AJ, Schwab JH, Hornicek FJ, Raskin KA. Percutaneous Acetabuloplasty Compared With Open Reconstruction for Extensive Periacetabular Carcinoma Metastases. J Arthroplasty 2015; 30:1586-91. [PMID: 26115981 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For destructive metastatic periacetabular disease, options include open acetabular reconstruction or percutaneous cement acetabuloplasty (PA). We reviewed 28 consecutive patients with Harrington grade II or III lesions, 17 who underwent Harrington-type or anti-protrusio reconstruction and 11 who underwent PA. Primary outcome measures were performance status (PS), ambulatory status (0=unassisted ambulation, 1=assisted ambulation, 2=nonambulatory), and 10-point VAS score. The surgery group had better pain reduction than the PA group at 3 months (3.6 vs. 1.5 points, P=0.04), and a trend at final follow-up (3.8 vs. 1.4 points, P=0.06). Improvement in ambulatory status was better in the surgery group at 3 months only (0.53 vs. -0.14, P=0.03). Thus compared with PA, open reconstruction may provide improved pain relief and ambulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Syed M Karim
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Combined Department of Orthopedics, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joshua A Hirsch
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neuroradiology, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Albert J Yoo
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neuroradiology, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph H Schwab
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Combined Department of Orthopedics, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Combined Department of Orthopedics, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kevin A Raskin
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Combined Department of Orthopedics, Boston, Massachusetts
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35
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Kurup AN, Morris JM, Schmit GD, Atwell TD, Schmitz JJ, Rose PS, Callstrom MR. Balloon-Assisted Osteoplasty of Periacetabular Tumors following Percutaneous Cryoablation. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2015; 26:588-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2014.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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36
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The surgical treatment of pelvic bone metastases. Adv Orthop 2015; 2015:525363. [PMID: 25810925 PMCID: PMC4355119 DOI: 10.1155/2015/525363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelvic bone metastases are a growing concern in the field of orthopedic surgery. Patients with pelvic metastasis are individually different with different needs of treatment in order to attain the best possible quality of life despite the advanced stage of disease. A holistic collaboration among the oncologist, radiation therapist, and orthopedic surgeon is mandatory. Special attention has to be directed to osteolytic lesions in the periacetabular region as they can provoke pathological fractures and subsequent functional impairment. Different reconstruction techniques for the pelvis are available; the choice depends on the patient's prognosis, size of the bone defect, and response of the tumor to adjuvant treatment. If all the conservative treatments are exhausted and the patient is not eligible for surgery, one of the various percutaneous ablation procedures can be considered. We propose a pelvic analogue to the treatment algorithm in long bone metastasis and a scoring system in pelvic metastasis. This algorithm aims to simplify the teamwork and to avoid under- or overtreatment of pelvic bone metastases.
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37
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38
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Wood TJ, Racano A, Yeung H, Farrokhyar F, Ghert M, Deheshi BM. Surgical management of bone metastases: quality of evidence and systematic review. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21:4081-9. [PMID: 25223925 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-4002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical management of metastatic bone disease (MBD) is typically reserved for lesions with the highest risk of fracture. However, the high risk of perioperative complications associated with surgery may outweigh the benefits of improved pain and/or function. The goal of this study was to (1) assess the quality of current evidence in this domain; (2) confirm that surgical management of metastases to the long bones and pelvis/acetabulum provides pain relief and improved function; and (3) assess perioperative morbidity and mortality rates. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of the literature for clinical studies that reported pain relief and function outcomes, as well as perioperative complications and mortality, in patients with MBD to the long bones and/or pelvis/acetabulum treated surgically. Multiple databases were searched up to January 2012. Pooled weighted proportions are reported. RESULTS Forty-five studies were included in the final analysis, with 807 patients. All included studies were level IV with 'moderate' overall quality of evidence using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies scale. Pain relief following surgical management of metastases was 93, 91, and 93 % in the humerus, femur, and pelvis/acetabulum, respectively. Maintained or improved function after surgery was seen in 94, 89, and 94 % in the humerus, femur, and pelvis/acetabulum, respectively. Perioperative complications and mortality were 17 and 4 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Despite the inherent limitations of the current evidence, a benefit for the surgical management of bone metastases to the long bones and pelvis/acetabulum is evident; however, there is still substantial risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality that should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Wood
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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39
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Sessa S, Ziranu A, Di Giacomo G, Giovanni A, Maccauro G. A rare case of iliac crest metastasis from acinic cell carcinoma of parotid gland. World J Surg Oncol 2014; 12:48. [PMID: 24581035 PMCID: PMC3944586 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A case of acinic cell carcinoma of the right parotid gland metastasizing to the right iliac crest is presented. Generally, for this rare low-grade malignant salivary gland neoplasm, 20% of cases may have local recurrences whereas about 10% of cases have distant metastases. They may arise many years after the initial presentation of the original tumor. The most frequent locations are the cervical lymph nodes, liver, lungs, contralateral orbit and bones. Occurrence in the appendicular skeleton is very rare and in our knowledge this is the first report of metastases to the pelvis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Sessa
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Neurosciences, Agostino Gemelli University Hospital, School of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
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40
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Latest Developments in Surgical and Minimally Invasive Treatment of Metastatic Bone Disease. CURRENT SURGERY REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40137-014-0049-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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41
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Abstract
Pathologic fractures of the femur because of bone metastases seriously affect the quality of life of cancer patients. Different surgical options are indicated to achieve a durable and solid fixation, depending on several clinical, prognostic and mechanical factors. Locked intramedullary nailing is currently used to treat pathologic femoral fractures in patients with multiple metastases when the trochanteric region or shaft is mainly involved. This study evaluates intramedullary nailing for treatment of patients with pathologic femoral fractures, focussing on complications, clinical and functional outcomes and survival rates. The series included 80 pathologic fractures treated with a titanium alloy Proximal Nail (Standard or Antirotation) or Lateral Anterograde Femoral Nail (PFN, PFNA or LAFN, Synthes) inserted in a locked static mode. Acrylic cement was used to fill the bone cavity after nail insertion in eight patients; percutaneous cementoplasty was simultaneously performed in 11 cases of severe ipsilateral acetabular osteolysis. Postoperative outcomes focussed on pain relief, postoperative mobility and quality of life and they were analysed retrospectively using QOL-ACD and ECOG. Eleven patients (13.75%) suffered from non-fatal DVT post-surgery, with no pulmonary embolism. Six patients (7.5%) developed superficial wound infections and two patients (2.5%) developed pnaeumonia. There was no loss of reduction, breakage, screw pull out, or hardware or implant failure that required component substitution or revision. Lung histotype and the contemporary presence of cerebral and visceral metastases appeared to be predisposing factors in reducing survival time. All patients attained satisfactory pain relief, early deambulation and a marked clinical improvement during the first 6-10 postoperative months, with gradual worsening thereafter from deterioration of their general condition due to cancer progression. The patients' survival rate was 40% at 1 year, 25% at 2 years and 15% at 3 years. Results confirm that multiple factors related to patients and primary cancer may affect survival rate after femoral fracture. Intramedullary nailing should be indicated for pathologic fractures at femoral diaphysis and metaphysis when cancer is in an advanced stage. This procedure offers good and durable stability, and enables pain relief, early postoperative mobilisation and weight-bearing, thus improving the quality of life of cancer patients.
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Abstract
Metastatic acetabular disease can be severely painful and may result in loss of mobility. Initial management may consist of diphosphonates, narcotic analgesics, radiation therapy, protected weight bearing, cementoplasty, and radiofrequency ablation. Patients with disease affecting large weight-bearing regions of the acetabulum and with impending failure of the hip joint are unlikely to gain much relief from nonsurgical treatment and interventional procedures. The profound osteopenia of the acetabulum, limited healing potential of the fracture, and projected patient life span and function necessitate surgical techniques that provide immediate stable fixation to reduce pain and restore ambulatory function. Current reconstructive procedures, including cemented total hip arthroplasty, the saddle or periacetabular endoprosthesis, and porous tantalum implants, are based on the quality of remaining acetabular bone as well as the patient's level of function and general health. Well-executed acetabular reconstructions can provide durable hip joints with good pain relief and function.
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Study of treatment using percutaneous acetabuloplasty and interstitial implantation of (125)I seeds for patients with metastatic periacetabular tumors. World J Surg Oncol 2012; 10:250. [PMID: 23164341 PMCID: PMC3546855 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-10-250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The periacetabular area is one of the primary sites of metastatic tumors, which often present as osteolytic bone destruction. Bone destruction in the acetabulum caused by metastatic tumors will cause hip pain and joint dysfunction. It results in decreased quality of life for patients. The aim of our study was to explore the clinical effect of metastatic periacetabular tumors treated with percutaneous cementoplasty and interstitial implantation of 125I seeds. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 24 patients with metastatic periacetabular tumors who underwent combined therapy of percutaneous acetabuloplasty and interstitial implantation of 125I seeds between February 2003 and June 2011. There were 13 males and 11 females aged 19–80 years with a mean age of 57.3. The primary tumor site was the lung in eight cases, the breast in six, the prostate cancer in eight, and the liver in two. The amount of implanted 125I seeds was 12–20 seeds/person, with a mean of 16.5 seeds/person, and the matching peripheral dosage (MPD) was 80~100Gy. Routine postoperative chemotherapy and other combined treatments were applied to patients after the surgical operation. Changes in the Karnofsky Score(KPS), Harris Hip Score(Harris), and Visual Analog Scale(VAS) were observed during the follow-up period. Results The 24 patients’ operations were all successful. No major complications occurred. Complete pain relief was achieved in 58% (14 of 24) of patients, and pain reduction was achieved in the 42% remaining (10) patients. The mean duration of pain relief was 8.3 months. Pain recurred in one patient 3 months after surgery. Six patients had died and 18 patients were alive at the time of the 1-year follow-up. Comparing the KPS, Harris and VAS scores pre- and postoperativelyat 1, 6, and 12 months, the combined therapy method was significantly effective in metastatic periacetabular tumor patients (P<0.05). Conclusions Percutaneous cementoplasty with interstitial implantation of 125I seeds is an effective treatment method for metastatic periacetabular tumor patients, providing tumor resistance, pain relief, increased bone stability, and improved quality of life for patients.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic bone disease is a common cause of pain in cancer patients. A multidisciplinary approach to treatment is often necessary because simplified analgesic regimens may fail in the face of complex pain generators, especially those involved in the genesis of neuropathic pain. From the origins of formalized guidelines by the World Health Organization (WHO) to recent developments in implantable therapies, great strides have been made to meet the needs of these patients. METHODS The authors review the existing literature on the pathophysiology and treatment options for pain generated by metastatic bone disease and summarize classic and new approaches. RESULTS Relatively recent animal models of malignant bone disease have allowed a better understanding of the intimate mechanisms involved in the genesis of pain, resulting in a mechanistic approach to its treatment. Analgesic strategies can be developed with specific targets in mind to complement the classic, opioid-centered WHO analgesic ladder obtaining improved outcomes and quality of life. Unfortunately, high-quality evidence is difficult to produce in pain medicine, and these concepts are evolving slowly. CONCLUSIONS Treatment options are expanding for the challenging clinical problem of painful metastatic bone disease. Efforts are concentrated on developing alternative nonopioid approaches that appear to increase the success rate and improve patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Buga
- Psychosocial and Palliative Care Program (BS) and the Anesthesiology Program (JES) at the H. Lee Moffi tt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Abstract
Periacetabular osteolysis is a common etiology of prosthesis failure in patients who undergo total hip arthroplasty. These lesions are treated by open and, more recently, percutaneous techniques. The purpose of this study was to determine the relevant surface anatomy and bony landmarks in establishing percutaneous access to periacetabular regions and identifying critical at-risk structures in establishing access. Percutaneous access to the periacetabular region was established superiorly, anteroinferiorly, and posteroinferiorly by using 5 L5-to-mid thigh fixed cadaver pelvises with latex-injected vessels using threaded guidewires. Dissection was completed to identify structures at risk, with the distance from the wires recorded to the nearest millimeter. C-arm position for the optimal visualization and placement of guidewires was recorded. Average distance from the pin and the at-risk structures ranged from 11.2 to 38.7 mm. All 3 approaches allowed for safe percutaneous access to the periacetabular regions without injuring significant anatomical structures. This study established safe starting points and orientation for guidewires and radiograph projections associated with percutaneous access to the periacetabular regions. The findings in this study will be useful for developing minimally invasive approaches to these regions for the treatment of osteolytic lesions of diverse etiology. However, a biomechanical evaluation of the impact of these bony channels on the strength of pelvis under physiological and unanticipated loading must be performed before this technique can be safely translated to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Eilers
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
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Wang Z, Zhen Y, Wu C, Li H, Yang Y, Shen Z, Zhao H, Yao Y. CT Fluoroscopy-guided Percutaneous Osteoplasty for the Treatment of Osteolytic Lung Cancer Bone Metastases to the Spine and Pelvis. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2012; 23:1135-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Munk PL, Heran MK, Liu DM, Ouellette HA, Clarkson PW. Cone-beam computed tomography as an adjunct to performance of percutaneous cementoplasty of the acetabulum. Can Assoc Radiol J 2012; 63:S7-10. [PMID: 22421708 DOI: 10.1016/j.carj.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetabuloplasty is a valuable palliative adjunct for the treatment of patients with painful metastatic disease to the pelvis in selected cases. We report the case of a 45-year-old woman with morbid obesity and with breast carcinoma who was technically difficult to treat under fluoroscopic guidance due to very poor visualization secondary to her body habitus. It was possible to perform radiofrequency ablation and acetabuloplasty with the use of cone-beam computed tomography for guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Munk
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Jacofsky DJ, McCamley JD, Jaczynski AM, Shrader MW, Jacofsky MC. Improving initial acetabular component stability in revision total hip arthroplasty calcium phosphate cement vs reverse reamed cancellous allograft. J Arthroplasty 2012; 27:305-9. [PMID: 21778033 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A reproducible retroacetabular defect was created bilaterally in 9 cadaver pelves. The defects were filled with either an injectable, bioresorbable, calcium phosphate cement, or reverse-reamed cancellous allograft. An uncemented acetabular shell was impacted, followed by the placement of an appropriate liner. The pelves were then sectioned, and each half was loaded in a material testing machine to simulate walking on the construct over a several week period. The cement-filled defects lasted a greater number of cycles before failure and had greater cup stability and stiffness. The use of resorbable bone void filler for retroacetabular defects shows promise in this biomechanical analysis. Long-term clinical follow-up is warranted to track osseointegration of the implant and restoration of bone stock between this and other clinically accepted surgical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Jacofsky
- The Center for Orthopedic Research and Education (CORE) Institute
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Jakanani GC, Jaiveer S, Ashford R, Rennie W. Computed Tomography-Guided Coblation and Cementoplasty of a Painful Acetabular Metastasis: An Effective Palliative Treatment. J Palliat Med 2010; 13:83-5. [DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2009.0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saraswathy Jaiveer
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Ashford
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Winston Rennie
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Sapkota BH, Hirsch AE, Yoo AJ, Hornicek FJ, Raskin KA, Rosenthal DI, Growney ML, Hirsch JA. Treatment of Metastatic Carcinoma to the Hip with CT-guided Percutaneous Acetabuloplasty: Report of Four Cases. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2009; 20:548-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2008.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2008] [Revised: 11/11/2008] [Accepted: 11/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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