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Tukker M, Te Rijdt WP, Amin AS, Morris-Rosendahl DJ, Hirsch A, Ben-Haim Y, Houweling AC, Varnava A, Behr ER, Edwards M, Vanmaele A, Hajdarpasic A, von der Thusen J, Michels M, de Boer RA, van Slegtenhorst MA, Caliskan K. High incidence of malignant arrhythmias and heart failure in patients with RBM20-associated cardiomyopathy: A multicenter cohort study and review of the literature. Int J Cardiol 2025; 434:133350. [PMID: 40339755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.133350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2025] [Accepted: 04/30/2025] [Indexed: 05/10/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with RBM20 cardiomyopathy present with an aggressive phenotype, associated with premature malignant arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death, and progressive heart failure (HF). This study aimed to investigate genotype-phenotype correlations, clinical outcomes, and causes of death in patients with RBM20-associated cardiomyopathy and review the current literature. METHODS The cohort included patients with cardiomyopathy harboring pathogenic (P) or likely pathogenic (LP) RBM20 variants. For survival and regression analysis, a control group matched for sex, age, and presence of left ventricular dysfunction was included. Additionally, a comprehensive literature search was conducted. RESULTS Sixty-two patients (45 % male, 42 ± 15 years at presentation) were included. We found 11 truncating variants. Patients with truncating variants diagnosed with HF were older compared to patients with missense variants (mean age 62 ± 9 vs. 45 ± 14; p = 0.01). Over a median follow-up duration of 5.0 [1.0-10.5] years, 21 (34 %) patients reached the composite endpoint, with 19 (31 %) patients experiencing malignant ventricular arrhythmia (VA) (mean age 45 ± 15 years, 63 % males). Males exhibited higher risk for the composite endpoint (log-rank p = 0.02), particularly for VA (log-rank p = 0.007). The literature review analyzed 34 studies comprising 678 patients (53 % male). In these studies, 123 (24 %) patients experienced a VA, 58 (12 %) underwent a heart transplant or were treated with LVAD, and 52 (11 %) died. CONCLUSION This multicenter study highlights the severe phenotype associated with LP/P RBM20 variants, with a high incidence of VA, particularly in males. Additionally, this study presents 11 truncating variants mainly observed in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Tukker
- ErasmusMC, Cardiovascular Institute, Thoraxcenter, Department of Cardiology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ahmad S Amin
- Department of Clinical Cardiology, Heart Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Deborah J Morris-Rosendahl
- Clinical Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Genomic Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander Hirsch
- ErasmusMC, Cardiovascular Institute, Thoraxcenter, Department of Cardiology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yael Ben-Haim
- Department of Cardiology, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Arjan C Houweling
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Amanda Varnava
- Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial NHS Healthcare Trust, London, UK
| | - Elijah R Behr
- Department of Cardiology, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Matthew Edwards
- Clinical Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alexander Vanmaele
- ErasmusMC, Cardiovascular Institute, Thoraxcenter, Department of Cardiology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aida Hajdarpasic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sarajevo Medical School, University Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jan von der Thusen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michelle Michels
- ErasmusMC, Cardiovascular Institute, Thoraxcenter, Department of Cardiology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- ErasmusMC, Cardiovascular Institute, Thoraxcenter, Department of Cardiology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Kadir Caliskan
- ErasmusMC, Cardiovascular Institute, Thoraxcenter, Department of Cardiology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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2
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Aoun J, Hatab T, Volpi J, Lin CH. Patent Foramen Ovale and Atrial Septal Defect. Interv Cardiol Clin 2025; 14:395-410. [PMID: 40414664 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccl.2024.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2025]
Abstract
Patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal defects (ASDs) are two types of interatrial communications with unique clinical presentations and management strategies. The PFO is a normal part of fetal development that typically closes shortly after birth but may persist in as many as 25% to 30% of adults. The communication between atria may result in paradoxic embolism and embolic stroke. On the other hand, ASDs (anatomically defined as secundum, primum, sinus venosus, and coronary sinus in order of prevalence) typically result in right heart volume overload and are often associated with other congenital defects. The diagnostic methods, treatment options including surgical and percutaneous approaches, and potential complications are described. Both conditions underline the significance of precise diagnosis and appropriate management to mitigate risks and ensure optimal patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Aoun
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Taha Hatab
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John Volpi
- Neurology Department, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chun Huie Lin
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, TX, USA
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3
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Nguyen DT, Mai DT, Ha HT, Dao PV, Tran MC, Nguyen HX. Early neurological deterioration in minor stroke caused by small artery occlusion: Incidence, risk factors and treatment impact. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2025; 34:108331. [PMID: 40288467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2025.108331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2025] [Revised: 04/22/2025] [Accepted: 04/24/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early neurological deterioration (END) is a forecast factor in poor outcomes in minor strokes. END's prevalence and forecast factors in minor strokes caused by small artery occlusion (SAO) are still unclear. PATIENTS AND METHOD We retrospectively analyzed 451 patients with minor stroke (NIHSS ≤ 5) caused by SAO hospitalized within an initial 24 h at BachMai Hospital's stroke center. END was defined as conditions with an elevated two or more NIHSS points within an initial 72 h. The primary outcome included the determination of the END incidence. The secondary outcome identified forecast factors for END through multivariate logistic regression analyses, and therapeutic impacts of antiplatelet and thrombolytic treatments. RESULTS END occurred in 9.5 % (43/451) of patients (62.7 % male, mean age 63.8 ± 11.8 years). Independent forecast included admission SBP ≥ 150 mmHg (OR = 1.99; 95 % CI: 1.01 - 3.94; p = 0.048), diabetes history (OR = 0.58; 95 % CI: 1.05 - 4.33; p = 0.036), admission blood glucose ≥ 14mmol/L (OR = 2.99; 95 % CI: 1.05 - 8.54; p = 0.04), and internal capsule infarction (OR = 2.23; 95 % CI: 1.01 - 4.92; p = 0.048). The patients group admitted within 4.5 h, DAPT has significantly lower END risk compared to SAPT (OR = 0.079; 95 % CI: 0.007 - 0.939; p = 0.04) and altepase (OR = 0.013; 95 % CI: 0.01 - 0.12; p < 0.01). END risk was similar between SAPT and altepase (p = 0.074). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION END is a 9.5 % incidence in minor acute ischemic stroke due to SAO. Independent forecasts are admission SBP and blood glucose, diabetes history, and internal capsule infarction. The DAPT group has significantly lower END risk than the SAPT and alteplase groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung Tien Nguyen
- BachMai Stroke Center, 78 GiaiPhong Street, Dongda district, Hanoi City, Vietnam; Hanoi Medical University, 1 Ton That Tung Street, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam; VNU University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 144 Xuan Thuy Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Duy Ton Mai
- BachMai Stroke Center, 78 GiaiPhong Street, Dongda district, Hanoi City, Vietnam; Hanoi Medical University, 1 Ton That Tung Street, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam; VNU University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 144 Xuan Thuy Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Hung Tran Ha
- Hanoi Medical University, 1 Ton That Tung Street, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Phuong Viet Dao
- BachMai Stroke Center, 78 GiaiPhong Street, Dongda district, Hanoi City, Vietnam; Hanoi Medical University, 1 Ton That Tung Street, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam; VNU University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 144 Xuan Thuy Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Minh Cong Tran
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford.
| | - Huan Xuan Nguyen
- London Digital Twin Research Center, Middlesex University London; International School, Vietnam National University, 144 Xuan Thuy Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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4
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Wang JY, Vu S, McGuinness M, Barrette R, Trudeau S, Price H, Zimetbaum P, Selim M, Dearborn-Tomazos J. Factors associated with increased atrial fibrillation detection in patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2025; 34:108343. [PMID: 40345410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2025.108343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2025] [Revised: 04/17/2025] [Accepted: 05/06/2025] [Indexed: 05/11/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that longer duration of cardiac monitoring after embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) yields higher detection rates for atrial fibrillation (AF). A common strategy for cardiac monitoring after ESUS starts with a 14-day surface monitor, which is easier to administer, and lower cost compared to implantable monitoring. We tested whether cardiac markers associated with higher likelihood of AF detection can be used to identify patients with ESUS who are more likely to benefit from initial short-term monitoring. METHODS We adjudicated stroke etiology from patients with acute ischemic stroke discharged from a tertiary care medical center with 14-day surface cardiac monitor (ZioPatch®) between January 2019 and September 2023. The primary outcome was ≥30 seconds of AF on surface monitoring. Predictors included ECG and echocardiographic markers associated with AF in a general population identified during hospitalization. Associations were analyzed using Chi-squared or Fisher's exact tests and age-adjusted logistic regression. RESULTS We identified 415 patients with ESUS (mean age 67.2 years, 49.9% female). 4.3% (n=18/415) developed AF after a median of 13.8 days (IQR 13-15.8) of monitoring. 9.6% (n=8/83) of patients with enlarged left atrial dimension >4cm and 8.0% (n=9/113) of patients with mitral valve regurgitation developed AF. Significantly more patients with AF had a combination of enlarged left atrial dimension and/or mitral valve regurgitation (36.8% with AF vs 61.1% without AF, p=0.037). Adjusting for age, enlarged left atrial dimension remained significantly associated with increased odds of detection of AF (OR 3.17, 95% CI 1.20-8.36). CONCLUSIONS In patients with ESUS, the rate of AF detection using a surface 14-day cardiac monitor was low. However, the likelihood of detecting AF was higher among patients with enlarged left atrial dimension and mitral valve regurgitation, suggesting this group may benefit most from an initial short-term monitoring strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States; Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
| | - Stephanie Vu
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Matthew McGuinness
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ryan Barrette
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Stephen Trudeau
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Hayley Price
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States; Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Peter Zimetbaum
- Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Magdy Selim
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jennifer Dearborn-Tomazos
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Fakoori F, Zhou L, Gardener H, Gutierrez C, Asdaghi N, Bishop L, Brown SC, Campo-Bustillo I, Gordon Perue G, Johnson KH, Veledar E, Ying H, Romano JG, Rundek T, Marulanda E, Transitions of Care Stroke Disparities Study (TCSD-S) Investigators. Neighborhood socio-demographic profile associated with adequate transitions of stroke care: The transitions of care stroke disparities study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2025; 34:108330. [PMID: 40294726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2025.108330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2025] [Revised: 03/11/2025] [Accepted: 04/24/2025] [Indexed: 04/30/2025] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Poor socioeconomic conditions are linked to increased stroke-related mortality and worse clinical outcomes post-stroke. This study examines the association between neighborhood socio-demographic (NSD) profile and adequate transitions of care (ATOC) in acute ischemic stroke patients one month after discharge. METHODS The Transitions of Care Stroke Disparities Study (TCSD-S) is an observational prospective cohort investigating disparities in stroke care transitions. Data from 1132 acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients was obtained from three sources: 1) publicly available NSD data using participants' ZIP codes, 2) Structured telephone interviews at 30 days post-discharge to ascertain participants' behavior in six categories, and 3) covariates obtained from Get with the Guidelines-Stroke® (GWTG-S). Logistic regression models examined the relationship between NSDs and achieving ATOC, defined as adherence to at least 75 % of the six behavioral modifications for ATOC, adjusting for patient demographics, social determinants of health, and stroke severity. RESULTS The sample included 56 % males, 51.5 % non-Hispanic White, 22.6 % non-Hispanic Black, and 21.8 % Hispanic individuals, with a median age of 64 (IQR = 55-74 years). ATOC was achieved in 994 (88 %) participants. While NSDs did not independently predict the overall ATOC success, we observed a direct association of NSD profile (education level and median income) with patients' adherence to rehabilitation follow-up (p = 0.03), toxic habit cessation (p = 0.04), and medical appointment attendance (p = 0.04), independent of the effects of individual socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS Neighborhood socioeconomic status directly impacts protective behaviors. This finding can inform future community-level interventions aimed at improving patients' adherence to behavioral modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farya Fakoori
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Lili Zhou
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Hannah Gardener
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | | | - Negar Asdaghi
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Lauri Bishop
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Scott C Brown
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Emir Veledar
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Hao Ying
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Jose G Romano
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Erika Marulanda
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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6
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Zaman A, Yassin MM, Mehmud I, Cao A, Lu J, Hassan H, Kang Y. Challenges, optimization strategies, and future horizons of advanced deep learning approaches for brain lesion segmentation. Methods 2025; 239:140-168. [PMID: 40306473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2025.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2025] [Revised: 04/17/2025] [Accepted: 04/24/2025] [Indexed: 05/02/2025] Open
Abstract
Brain lesion segmentation is challenging in medical image analysis, aiming to delineate lesion regions precisely. Deep learning (DL) techniques have recently demonstrated promising results across various computer vision tasks, including semantic segmentation, object detection, and image classification. This paper offers an overview of recent DL algorithms for brain tumor and stroke segmentation, drawing on literature from 2021 to 2024. It highlights the strengths, limitations, current research challenges, and unexplored areas in imaging-based brain lesion classification based on insights from over 250 recent review papers. Techniques addressing difficulties like class imbalance and multi-modalities are presented. Optimization methods for improving performance regarding computational and structural complexity and processing speed are discussed. These include lightweight neural networks, multilayer architectures, and computationally efficient, highly accurate network designs. The paper also reviews generic and latest frameworks of different brain lesion detection techniques and highlights publicly available benchmark datasets and their issues. Furthermore, open research areas, application prospects, and future directions for DL-based brain lesion classification are discussed. Future directions include integrating neural architecture search methods with domain knowledge, predicting patient survival levels, and learning to separate brain lesions using patient statistics. To ensure patient privacy, future research is anticipated to explore privacy-preserving learning frameworks. Overall, the presented suggestions serve as a guideline for researchers and system designers involved in brain lesion detection and stroke segmentation tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Zaman
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China; College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Mazen M Yassin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China; College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Irfan Mehmud
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Luohu Hospital Group), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China; Institute of Urology, South China Hospital, Medicine School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Anbo Cao
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; School of Applied Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiaxi Lu
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; School of Applied Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haseeb Hassan
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Yan Kang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China; College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; School of Applied Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China.
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7
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Hoh BL, Martin RH, Yeatts SD, Turan TN, Boyette RM, McLaren S, Butler L, Peters KR, Smith J, Cavallari LH, Wabnitz AM, Sabagha N, Unger C, Frasure JS, Broderick JP, Chimowitz MI. Design and early progress of the Comparison of Anticoagulation and anti-Platelet Therapies for Intracranial Vascular Atherostenosis (CAPTIVA) trial. Int J Stroke 2025; 20:623-628. [PMID: 39862061 DOI: 10.1177/17474930241313301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The usual antithrombotic treatment for symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) consists of dual treatment with clopidogrel and aspirin for 90 days followed by aspirin alone but the risk of recurrent stroke remains high up to 12 months. The Comparison of Anticoagulation and anti-Platelet Therapies for Intracranial Vascular Atherostenosis (CAPTIVA) trial was designed to determine whether other combinations of dual antithrombotic therapy are superior to clopidogrel and aspirin. METHODS CAPTIVA is an ongoing, prospective, double-blinded, three-arm clinical trial at over 100 sites in the United States and Canada that will randomize 1683 high-risk subjects with a symptomatic infarct attributed to 70-99% stenosis of a major intracranial artery to 12 months of treatment with (1) ticagrelor (180 mg loading dose, then 90 mg twice daily), (2) low-dose rivaroxaban (2.5 mg twice daily), or (3) clopidogrel (600 mg loading dose, then 75 mg daily). All subjects receive aspirin (81 mg daily), intensive risk factor management, and will undergo blinded CYP2C19 genotype analysis. The primary goal of the trial is to determine whether rivaroxaban or ticagrelor or both are superior to clopidogrel for lowering the primary endpoint (ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or vascular death) within 12 months. A prespecified interim safety analysis will be conducted when the first 450 randomized subjects have been followed for 12 months to evaluate the risk of major hemorrhage in the rivaroxaban and ticagrelor arms. RESULTS Enrollment began in August 2022 and, as of 26 June 2024, the 450th subject was randomized into the study. CONCLUSION CAPTIVA is evaluating two alternative dual antithrombotic therapies to clopidogrel and aspirin to maximize the chance of establishing more effective antithrombotic therapy for symptomatic ICAS, one of the most common and high-risk cerebrovascular diseases worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tanya N Turan
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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8
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Poirier L, Siegal DM, Bossé D, Brehaut J, Dewar B, Lun R, Shamy MCF, Dowlatshahi D. Malignancy Workup in Cryptogenic Stroke: A Survey of Canadian Stroke and Thrombosis Experts. Neurol Clin Pract 2025; 15:e200477. [PMID: 40330145 PMCID: PMC12051394 DOI: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000200477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2025] [Indexed: 05/08/2025]
Abstract
Background and Objectives The diagnostic workup for patients with cryptogenic stroke includes investigating for occult cancer, which is known to increase the risk of stroke. Current guidelines do not provide specific recommendations regarding the optimal approach for occult cancer screening after cryptogenic stroke. We surveyed Canadian stroke and thrombosis physicians to determine current workup preferences for detecting occult cancer after cryptogenic stroke. Methods We designed and distributed an anonymous online survey targeting physicians who manage patients with cryptogenic stroke through professional memberships of the Canadian Stroke Consortium and Thrombosis Canada. Using 4 clinical scenarios representative of patients with cryptogenic stroke with different ages (younger or older than 50 years) and from both sexes, we asked respondents which tests they routinely recommend when investigating for occult cancer among a list of laboratory investigations, imaging, and procedures. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results We received 138 responses to 5 survey questions. The most commonly recommended investigations were complete blood count (79%), creatinine (63%), and coagulation tests (56%), and the most frequently recommended imaging test was CT of the abdomen and pelvis (39%). A minority of respondents indicated they would order guideline-directed age-appropriate cancer screening. Approximately half of surveyed specialists deferred the workup of cancer to a primary care physician, and 12% did not suggest any cancer workup at all. Discussion This survey of stroke and thrombosis experts found heterogeneity in testing for cancer screening in patients with cryptogenic stroke, with the majority either not screening at all or deferring tests to primary care providers. Our survey highlights the need for better evidence and evidence-based recommendations to guide the approach to cancer screening in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Poirier
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Deborah M Siegal
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Dominick Bossé
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jamie Brehaut
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Brian Dewar
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; and
| | - Ronda Lun
- Stanford Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA
| | | | - Dar Dowlatshahi
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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9
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Volpi JJ, Kasner SE, Neervoort J, Wolters LF, Louwsma T, Marti AK, Landaas EJ. The annual economic burden of patent foramen ovale-associated stroke in the United States. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2025; 34:108319. [PMID: 40239827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2025.108319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2025] [Revised: 03/21/2025] [Accepted: 04/13/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide and the third leading cause of death and disability combined. Among ischemic strokes, 25 % to 40 % are classified as cryptogenic, with patent foramen ovale (PFO) identified as a potential underlying cause. PFO is found in 25 % of the general population. Despite the significant occurrence of PFO-associated strokes, the associated costs remain largely unexplored. AIM This study aimed to evaluate the annual economic burden of PFO-associated stroke in the US. METHODS A cost-of-illness study was performed, encompassing the direct and indirect costs of PFO-associated stroke on both society and the healthcare system. The model adopted a top-down approach and a one-year, US societal perspective. A payer perspective and bottom-up costing approach were included as scenario analyses. Data was obtained by a targeted literature review. RESULTS The societal model, assuming 32.5 % cryptogenic strokes, incurs an annual cost of over $1.3 billion in the US, with over $1.0 billion coming from new strokes and over $300 million from recurrent strokes. The majority of the costs are indirect-50 % from productivity losses due to premature death and 27 % from other productivity losses. Direct costs constitute 23 % of the total. From the payer perspective, the annual costs for PFO-associated strokes in the US were estimated at $302 million, with hospitalization costs comprising 44 %, followed by prescriptions and outpatient care at 19 % and 16 %, respectively. CONCLUSION The economic burden of PFO-associated strokes in the US is substantial, exceeding $1.3 billion per year. Different types of medical management or surgical treatments for PFO-associated stroke could lead to gains in both costs and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Volpi
- The Houston Methodist Institute for Academic Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Scott E Kasner
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Timon Louwsma
- Asc Academics B.V, Groningen, Netherlands; Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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10
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Tjoumakaris SI, Roy JM, Amin-Hanjani S, Charbel FT, Dabus G, Fisher M, Gounis M, Hoh BL, Liebeskind DS, Linfante I, Samaniego EA, Toth G, Zaidat OO, Bhogal P, Arthur A, Wakhloo AK, ARISE II Academic Industry Roundtable. ARISE II Consensus on the Management of Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease. Stroke 2025; 56:1636-1641. [PMID: 40408521 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.124.050336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2025] [Accepted: 03/26/2025] [Indexed: 05/25/2025]
Abstract
Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is one of the leading causes of ischemic stroke worldwide. Despite advances in its diagnosis and management, there is no clear consensus on best practices to manage ICAD. This report summarizes the ARISE II (Roundtable Discussion With Industry and Stroke Experts) consensus in treating ICAD. The consensus underscored the importance of lifestyle modification and medical management in patients with ICAD. Patients who fail medical management are candidates for endovascular treatment. Open surgery is not recommended in patients who lack demonstrated hemodynamic insufficiency. The consensus also identified gaps in knowledge about the optimal duration of antithrombotics, the effect of the CYP2C19 genotype on medical management, the need for newer devices, and the standardization of antithrombotic protocols before stenting in an acute setting. Optical coherence tomography requires additional clinical data before defining its role in the diagnosis of ICAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavropoula I Tjoumakaris
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA (S.I.T., J.M.R.)
| | - Joanna M Roy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA (S.I.T., J.M.R.)
| | - Sepideh Amin-Hanjani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, OH (S.A.-H.)
| | - Fady T Charbel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago (F.T.C.)
| | - Guilherme Dabus
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology and Neuroendovascular Surgery, Miami Neuroscience Institute and Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute-Baptist Hospital, FL (G.D.)
| | - Marc Fisher
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.F.)
| | - Matthew Gounis
- Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester (M.G.)
| | - Brian L Hoh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville (B.L.H.)
| | - David S Liebeskind
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, LA (D.S.L.)
| | - Italo Linfante
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology and Neuroendovascular Surgery, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Baptist Hospital of Miami, FL (I.L.)
| | - Edgar A Samaniego
- Department of Neurology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics (E.A.S.)
| | - Gabor Toth
- Cerebrovascular Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (G.T.)
| | - Osama O Zaidat
- Department of Neuroscience and Stroke Program, Bon Secours Mercy Health St Vincent Hospital, Toledo, OH (O.O.Z.)
| | - Pervinder Bhogal
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, The Royal London Hospital, Barts NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.B.)
| | - Adam Arthur
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (A.A.)
| | - Ajay K Wakhloo
- Department of Radiology, TUFTS University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (A.K.W.)
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11
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Forgea MC, Jungquist C, Langan J, Li CS, Zaccarini C, Lorenz RA. Factors Affecting Functional Improvement in the Initial Months of Recovery After Stroke: A Pilot Study. J Neurosci Nurs 2025; 57:120-126. [PMID: 40042336 DOI: 10.1097/jnn.0000000000000828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2025]
Abstract
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to examine factors affecting functional improvement among survivors of stroke during the initial months of stroke recovery. METHODS: A 1-group repeated measures sequential mixed methods design was used. Quantitative longitudinal data were collected on admission, discharge, and postdischarge from the inpatient rehabilitation unit to evaluate the change in patient engagement and the relationship between environmental, personal, and behavioral factors, and functional independence. Semistructured interviews were conducted up to 6 months postdischarge. RESULTS: The sample included 27 participants with a mean age of 64.67 (SD = 13.56). There was a significant increase in patient engagement from admission to discharge ( P < .0001), followed by a nonsignificant decrease from discharge to follow-up ( P = .36). The change in functional improvement from admission to discharge was significant ( P < .0001). Stroke severity was the only significant predictor of functional improvement ( P = .008). There was a significant but weak negative correlation between Patient Health Engagement scale (PHE-s®) total score and sleep disturbance ( r = -0.344, P = .008) and sleep disturbance and self-efficacy ( r = -0.362, P = .005). There was a moderate positive correlation between PHE-s total score and self-efficacy ( r = 0.662, P < .001). Five participants participated in follow-up interviews. The 5 main themes that emerged from interview data were (1) feeling happy to be home, (2) wishing recovery was quicker, (3) living with disability, (4) overcoming obstacles, and (5) social support. CONCLUSION: This pilot study provides insight into the experiences of survivors of stroke during rehabilitation and recovery. The results of this study indicate a need for additional support (eg, transportation, social/emotional) for survivors of stroke after discharge from the rehabilitation unit. Further research to investigate the barriers and facilitators of recovery for survivors of stroke after discharge and the development of interventions aimed at improving sustainable recovery outcomes is needed.
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12
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Ashburner JM, Tack RWP, Khurshid S, Turner AC, Atlas SJ, Singer DE, Ellinor PT, Benjamin EJ, Trinquart L, Lubitz SA, Anderson CD. Impact of a clinical atrial fibrillation risk estimation tool on cardiac rhythm monitor utilization following acute ischemic stroke: A prepost clinical trial. Am Heart J 2025; 284:57-66. [PMID: 39978665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2025.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2025] [Accepted: 02/13/2025] [Indexed: 02/22/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detection of undiagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF) after ischemic stroke through extended cardiac monitoring is important for preventing recurrent stroke. We evaluated whether a tool that displays clinically predicted AF risk to clinicians caring for stroke patients was associated with the use of extended cardiac monitoring. METHODS We prospectively included hospitalized ischemic stroke patients without known AF in a preintervention (October 2018 - June 2019) and intervention period (March 11, 2021 - March 10, 2022). The intervention consisted of an electronic health record (EHR)-based best-practice advisory (BPA) alert which calculated and displayed 5-year risk of AF. We used a multivariable Fine and Gray model to test for an interaction between predicted AF risk and period (preintervention vs intervention) with regards to incidence of extended cardiac monitoring. We compared the incidence of extended cardiac monitoring within 6-months of discharge between periods, stratified by BPA completion. RESULTS We included 805 patients: 493 in the preintervention cohort and 312 in the intervention cohort. In the intervention cohort, the BPA was completed for 180 (58%) patients. The association between predicted clinical risk of AF and incidence of 6-month extended cardiac monitoring was not different by time period (interaction HR = 1.00 [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.98; 1.02]). The intervention period was associated with an increased cumulative incidence of cardiac monitoring (adjusted HR = 1.32 [95% CI 1.03-1.69]). CONCLUSIONS An embedded EHR tool displaying predicted AF risk in a poststroke setting had limited clinician engagement and predicted risk was not associated with the use of extended cardiac monitoring. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04637087.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Ashburner
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| | - Reinier W P Tack
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Shaan Khurshid
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Telemachus and Irene Demoulas Family Foundation Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Ashby C Turner
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Steven J Atlas
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel E Singer
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Telemachus and Irene Demoulas Family Foundation Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Boston University and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA; Sections of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University School of Public Heath, Boston, MA
| | - Ludovic Trinquart
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA; Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University, Medford, MA
| | - Steven A Lubitz
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Telemachus and Irene Demoulas Family Foundation Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Christopher D Anderson
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
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13
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Rosenberg MJ, Saway BF, Tarver WJ, Pavela JH, Hall J, Al Kasab S, Porto G, Roberts DR. Prevention of Cerebrovascular Emergencies in Spaceflight: A Review and a Proposal for Enhanced Medical Screening Guidelines. Neurol Clin Pract 2025; 15:e200445. [PMID: 40182317 PMCID: PMC11966524 DOI: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000200445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2025] [Indexed: 04/05/2025]
Abstract
Purpose of Review A growing number of opportunities for paying customers to travel to space are becoming available. Preflight medical screening of these potential private astronauts will likely be performed by local physicians, with referral to specialists in aerospace medicine as required for more in-depth evaluation before flight qualification. Neurologic concerns contribute a portion of the potential medical risks for these private astronauts, especially with the participation of more diversified crews than traditional governmental astronauts. The objective of this article was to review the current knowledge base concerning cerebrovascular adaptation to spaceflight to inform risk factor assessment for flight-associated cerebrovascular emergencies by the neurologic community when performing initial medical screening of potential private astronauts. Recent Findings A review of published human spaceflight studies and medical guidelines regarding cerebrovascular risks for spaceflight was conducted. Most of the available literature describes cohorts of a small number of astronauts undergoing spaceflight missions of various flight profiles. While there are gaps in the literature, cerebrovascular adaptation to spaceflight occurs, which may alter the medical risk profile in susceptible individuals. The occurrence of an inflight cerebrovascular emergency could have devastating consequences; therefore, additional screening tests may be required, based on risk level and mission profile, in assessing the more diverse commercial spaceflight population expected over the next decade. Summary With increasing interest in commercial space tourism among diverse participant populations, the stroke risk in microgravity/reduced gravity environments is unknown. Furthermore, stresses of rocket ascent/descent, abnormal fluid dynamics in microgravity, altered atmospheric conditions, and other unknown occupational hazards add additional complexity. Because inflight emergency management protocols have yet to be developed, the most effective tool to ensure spaceflight participant safety is comprehensive preflight preventative screenings. Determining neurologic risk factors is critical for developing evidence-based guidelines for preventative measures and treatment protocols in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Brian F Saway
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | | | | | | | - Sami Al Kasab
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Guilherme Porto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Donna R Roberts
- International Space Station National Laboratory, Melbourne, FL; and
- Department of Radiology and Radiologic Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
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14
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Daghlas I, Karhunen V, Kim AS, Gill D. Application of Human Genetics to Prioritize Coagulation Cascade Protein Targets for Ischemic Stroke Prevention. Stroke 2025; 56:1542-1553. [PMID: 40188416 PMCID: PMC7617607 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.124.049808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2025] [Accepted: 03/12/2025] [Indexed: 04/08/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While interindividual variations in concentration and function of coagulation cascade proteins are established risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE), their associations with arterial ischemic stroke are less well defined. METHODS We identified and validated genetic proxies for lifelong, randomized perturbations of coagulation cascade proteins in genome-wide association studies of circulating protein levels (deCODE, n=35 559; UK Biobank, n=46 218) and of VTE risk (81 190 cases and 1 419 671 controls). Study participants were all of European ancestry. We performed 2-sample Mendelian randomization and colocalization analyses to test associations of these genetic proxies with risk of ischemic stroke (62 100 cases and 1 234 808 controls from the GIGASTROKE consortium) and ischemic stroke subtypes, and further contextualized associations with VTE and secondary efficacy and safety outcomes. RESULTS We identified genetic proxies for 30 coagulation factors, with cross-trait associations recapitulating canonical coagulation biology. Mendelian randomization and colocalization analyses supported causal associations of genetically proxied levels of 5 proteins with risk of ischemic stroke, with all proteins associating with the cardioembolic stroke subtype: factor XI (odds ratio [OR] of cardioembolic stroke per 1-SD increase, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.19-1.44]; P=3.30×10-8), high-molecular-weight kininogen (OR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.09-1.30]; P=7.79×10-5), prothrombin (OR, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.31-2.57]; P=4.20×10-4), soluble PROCR (protein C receptor; OR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.82-0.95]; P=6.19×10-4), and γ' fibrinogen (OR per doubling in VTE risk due to lower γ' fibrinogen levels, 1.44 [95% CI, 1.25-1.66]; P=3.96×10-7). γ' Fibrinogen and prothrombin also associated with large artery atherosclerotic stroke, and no proteins were associated with small vessel stroke risk. By contrast, genetic proxies for several coagulation factors (including proteins C and S and factors V and VII) showed selective associations with VTE. CONCLUSIONS These data highlight specific coagulation cascade components implicated in ischemic stroke pathogenesis, while identifying proteins with distinct roles in VTE. These findings may inform development of novel anticoagulants and optimize their use in targeted populations with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyas Daghlas
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco (I.D., A.S.K.)
| | - Ville Karhunen
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (V.K.)
| | - Anthony S. Kim
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco (I.D., A.S.K.)
| | - Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (D.G.)
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15
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Sanghvi MM, Young WJ, Naderi H, Burns R, Ramírez J, Bell CG, Munroe PB. Using Genomics to Develop Personalized Cardiovascular Treatments. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2025; 45:866-881. [PMID: 40244646 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.125.319221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2025] [Accepted: 04/07/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025]
Abstract
Advances in genomic technologies have significantly enhanced our understanding of both monogenic and polygenic etiologies of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we explore how the utilization of genomic information is bringing personalized medicine approaches to the forefront of cardiovascular disease management. We describe how genomic data can resolve diagnostic uncertainty, support cascade screening, and inform treatment strategies. We discuss how genome-wide association studies have identified thousands of genetic variants associated with polygenic cardiovascular diseases, and how integrating these insights into polygenic risk scores can enhance personalized risk prediction beyond traditional clinical algorithms. We detail how pharmacogenomics approaches leverage genotype information to guide drug selection and mitigate adverse events. Finally, we present the paradigm-shifting approach of gene therapy, which holds the promise of being a curative intervention for cardiovascular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihir M Sanghvi
- William Harvey Research Institute (M.M.S., W.J.Y., H.N., R.B., J.R., C.G.B., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre (M.M.S., W.J.Y., H.N., R.B., C.G.B., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
- Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (M.M.S., W.J.Y., H.N.)
| | - William J Young
- William Harvey Research Institute (M.M.S., W.J.Y., H.N., R.B., J.R., C.G.B., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre (M.M.S., W.J.Y., H.N., R.B., C.G.B., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
- Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (M.M.S., W.J.Y., H.N.)
| | - Hafiz Naderi
- William Harvey Research Institute (M.M.S., W.J.Y., H.N., R.B., J.R., C.G.B., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre (M.M.S., W.J.Y., H.N., R.B., C.G.B., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
- Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (M.M.S., W.J.Y., H.N.)
| | - Richard Burns
- William Harvey Research Institute (M.M.S., W.J.Y., H.N., R.B., J.R., C.G.B., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre (M.M.S., W.J.Y., H.N., R.B., C.G.B., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Ramírez
- William Harvey Research Institute (M.M.S., W.J.Y., H.N., R.B., J.R., C.G.B., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
- Aragon Institute of Engineering Research, University of Zaragoza, Spain (J.R.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Biomedicina, Bioingeniería y Nanomedicina, Zaragoza, Spain (J.R.)
| | - Christopher G Bell
- William Harvey Research Institute (M.M.S., W.J.Y., H.N., R.B., J.R., C.G.B., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre (M.M.S., W.J.Y., H.N., R.B., C.G.B., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- William Harvey Research Institute (M.M.S., W.J.Y., H.N., R.B., J.R., C.G.B., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre (M.M.S., W.J.Y., H.N., R.B., C.G.B., P.B.M.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
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16
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Yu Z, Huang Z, Wu J, Shan B, Xie L, Wang T, Yu Y, Zhou H, Jin X. Aspirin Plus Clopidogrel Reduces Infection Risk Compared With Aspirin or Clopidogrel Alone in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Clin Ther 2025; 47:420-425. [PMID: 40180799 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2025.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2024] [Revised: 01/18/2025] [Accepted: 03/05/2025] [Indexed: 04/05/2025]
Abstract
PURPOSE Activated platelets modulate immune responses. Platelet activation coincides with poststroke immunosuppression, so we hypothesized that platelet inhibition would mitigate immunosuppression and decrease the risk of infectious complications after stroke. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the contribution of platelet inhibition by antiplatelet agents to poststroke infection. METHODS We performed a prospective cohort study of 975 patients with acute ischemic stroke to compare the differences in the risk of infection within 7 days after admission between aspirin alone, clopidogrel alone and aspirin plus clopidogrel. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the association between antiplatelet therapy and poststroke infection. FINDINGS Among 975 included patients, 578 received aspirin, 98 received clopidogrel, and 299 received both. A total of 113 patients experienced poststroke infection within 7 days after admission. The combination of aspirin and clopidogrel decreased the risk of poststroke infection compared with aspirin alone (hazard ratio [HR], 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.22-0.77; P = 0.006), as compared with clopidogrel alone (HR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.22-1.00; P = 0.050). We found no difference in infection risk between clopidogrel and aspirin. When assessing site-specific infections, a significant difference was observed only in the risk of pneumonia between dual antiplatelet therapy and aspirin alone. IMPLICATIONS Dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel is associated with decreased infection after stroke compared with aspirin or clopidogrel monotherapy. The findings support the net protective effect of aspirin and clopidogrel against poststroke infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangfeng Yu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China; Gusu School of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China; Gusu School of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Juan Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Baoshuai Shan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Linjun Xie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanxia Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xing Jin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China; Gusu School of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
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17
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Li H, Cheng M, Gao Y, Yan H, Wang Y, Johnston SC, Bath PM, Amarenco P, Yang Y, Chen W, Wang Y, Pan Y, Wang Y. Does the Burden of CSVD Modify the Efficacy of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy?: A Post Hoc Analysis of the INSPIRES Trial. Stroke 2025; 56:1376-1387. [PMID: 40190261 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.124.049826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2025] [Accepted: 03/10/2025] [Indexed: 05/25/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) imaging markers is high, yet their influence on stroke prognosis remains unclear. This study aimed to estimate the effects of CSVD on the efficacy and safety of clopidogrel+aspirin versus aspirin among patients with minor stroke or high-risk transient ischemic attack. METHODS This was a post hoc subgroup analysis of the INSPIRES trial (Intensive Statin and Antiplatelet Therapy for Acute High-Risk Intracranial or Extracranial Atherosclerosis), which was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2×2 factorial, and randomized clinical trial conducted at 222 centers in China from September 2018 to October 2022. Patients were classified into CSVD score 0 to 2 and CSVD score ≥3 groups based on a modified CSVD burden score without microbleeds. The primary efficacy and safety outcomes were stroke recurrence and moderate-to-severe bleeding risk within 90-day follow-up. We used Cox proportional hazards models to test the treatment-by-CSVD group interaction for stroke and bleeding risk. RESULTS A total of 5126 patients (median age, 65 [57-71] years; 3915 [64.2%] males) were enrolled and 2131 (41.57%) had a modified CSVD score ≥3. Patients with CSVD score ≥3 had numerically higher stroke recurrence rate (9.10% versus 8.05%) and lower risk of moderate-to-severe bleeding (0.56% versus 0.80%) than those with CSVD score 0 to 2 within 90 days. Clopidogrel+aspirin versus aspirin reduced stroke recurrence to a similar relative degree in both CSVD score 0 to 2 (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.61-1.01]; P=0.06) and CSVD score ≥3 groups (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.62-1.09]; P=0.12) with no evidence of statistical interaction (P=0.84). Clopidogrel+aspirin versus aspirin increased bleeding risk to a similar relative degree in both CSVD score 0 to 2 (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.83 [95% CI, 1.52-5.27]; P=0.03) and CSVD score ≥3 groups (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.13 [95% CI, 1.08-4.19]; P=0.22) with no statistical interaction (P=0.68). CONCLUSIONS In this post hoc subgroup analysis, no significant interaction effect was observed between the antiplatelet treatment and the modified CSVD score, suggesting that clopidogrel+aspirin may not provide a significantly different benefit-risk profile across patients with CSVD score 0 to 2 versus CSVD score ≥3. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03635749.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital (H.L., M.C., Y.G., H.Y., Yicong Wang, Y.Y., W.C., Yongjun Wang, Y.P., Yilong Wang), Capital Medical University, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Dalian Friendship Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China (H.L.)
| | - Min Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital (H.L., M.C., Y.G., H.Y., Yicong Wang, Y.Y., W.C., Yongjun Wang, Y.P., Yilong Wang), Capital Medical University, China
- Department of Neurology, Shunyi District Hospital, Beijing, China (M.C.)
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital (H.L., M.C., Y.G., H.Y., Yicong Wang, Y.Y., W.C., Yongjun Wang, Y.P., Yilong Wang), Capital Medical University, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University (Y.G., H.Y., Yongjun Wang, Y.P., Yilong Wang)
| | - Hongyi Yan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital (H.L., M.C., Y.G., H.Y., Yicong Wang, Y.Y., W.C., Yongjun Wang, Y.P., Yilong Wang), Capital Medical University, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University (Y.G., H.Y., Yongjun Wang, Y.P., Yilong Wang)
| | - Yicong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital (H.L., M.C., Y.G., H.Y., Yicong Wang, Y.Y., W.C., Yongjun Wang, Y.P., Yilong Wang), Capital Medical University, China
| | | | - Philip M Bath
- Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.M.B.)
| | - Pierre Amarenco
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, France (P.A.)
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (P.A.)
| | - Yingying Yang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital (H.L., M.C., Y.G., H.Y., Yicong Wang, Y.Y., W.C., Yongjun Wang, Y.P., Yilong Wang), Capital Medical University, China
| | - Weiqi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital (H.L., M.C., Y.G., H.Y., Yicong Wang, Y.Y., W.C., Yongjun Wang, Y.P., Yilong Wang), Capital Medical University, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital (H.L., M.C., Y.G., H.Y., Yicong Wang, Y.Y., W.C., Yongjun Wang, Y.P., Yilong Wang), Capital Medical University, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (Yongjun Wang, Yilong Wang), Capital Medical University, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University (Y.G., H.Y., Yongjun Wang, Y.P., Yilong Wang)
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China (Yongjun Wang, Yilong Wang)
- Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (Yongjun Wang)
| | - Yuesong Pan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital (H.L., M.C., Y.G., H.Y., Yicong Wang, Y.Y., W.C., Yongjun Wang, Y.P., Yilong Wang), Capital Medical University, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University (Y.G., H.Y., Yongjun Wang, Y.P., Yilong Wang)
| | - Yilong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital (H.L., M.C., Y.G., H.Y., Yicong Wang, Y.Y., W.C., Yongjun Wang, Y.P., Yilong Wang), Capital Medical University, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (Yongjun Wang, Yilong Wang), Capital Medical University, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health (Yilong Wang), Capital Medical University, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University (Y.G., H.Y., Yongjun Wang, Y.P., Yilong Wang)
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China (Yongjun Wang, Yilong Wang)
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China (Yilong Wang)
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18
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Fedele PL, Opat S. Indolent lymphoma: addressing the needs of survivors. Leuk Lymphoma 2025; 66:1021-1035. [PMID: 39876569 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2025.2456970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2024] [Revised: 01/01/2025] [Accepted: 01/17/2025] [Indexed: 01/30/2025]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, there has been a continuous improvement in outcome for patients with indolent lymphoma (iNHL) resulting in a gradual accumulation of survivors. While life expectancy in the current era approaches that of the lymphoma-free population, patients continue to experience lifelong complications of the disease and its treatment affecting general health, emotional, psychological and social wellbeing, relationships, employment, finances, and fitness. Contemporary care models while suited to the management of lymphoma are often lacking when it comes to identification and management of these additional needs. Given improvements in physical survival achieved over the past decades, it is timely for us to focus on other issues affecting patient wellbeing including immunodeficiency and infection, second cancers, cardiovascular disease, bone health, psychological wellbeing, and sexual health. Many of these aspects are in the domain of the primary care physician; however, there is limited guidance on how these issues should be addressed. It is now time for us to engage our patients, their caregivers, and other healthcare providers in care aspects beyond the lymphoma diagnosis, so they can anticipate a rich and full life, free from both direct and indirect consequences of the lymphoma diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale L Fedele
- School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Lymphoma Research Group, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Stephen Opat
- School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Lymphoma Research Group, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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19
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Meng D, Lu Y, Chen N, Pan J, Lin B, Hu J. Relationship between neuron-specific enolase and swallowing dysfunction in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a single-center retrospective study. BMC Neurol 2025; 25:226. [PMID: 40426103 PMCID: PMC12107771 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-025-04236-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and swallowing dysfunction in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and evaluate the impact of early enteral nutrition intervention on NSE levels. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A retrospective study was conducted involving 445 AIS patients admitted to the neurology department of the Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University between September 2015 and August 2022. Data collected included gender, age, water-swallowing test (WST) score upon admission, and NSE examination results on admission, the 5th day, and the 10th day. RESULTS Among 445 enrolled AIS patients, 42.0% (187/445) exhibited swallowing dysfunction. Key findings revealed: (1) Positive correlation between WST severity and serum NSE levels across all timepoints (P < 0.05). (2) Dysphagia patients demonstrated elevated NSE levels versus controls (P < 0.05). (3) Early enteral nutrition intervention (n = 98) significantly reduced NSE levels by day 10 compared to non-intervention group (P < 0.05), though no intergroup differences were observed at admission or day 5 (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS NSE measurement is a simple supplement to the WST. There existed a significant correlation between NSE and swallowing dysfunction, making NSE a potential preliminary screening indicator for evaluating in ischemic stroke patients. And early implementation of enteral nutrition intervention could effectively reduce NSE levels in patients with ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Meng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
- Jiaxing Institute of Arteriosclerotic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yanjing Lu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Bingtong Lin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Hu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China.
- Jiaxing Institute of Arteriosclerotic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China.
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20
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Lee EJ, Jeong HY, Jung KH. National Trends of Vascular Risk Factor Control Among Stroke Survivors in Korea: From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010 to 2021. J Korean Med Sci 2025; 40:e74. [PMID: 40425191 PMCID: PMC12105994 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2025.40.e74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2024] [Accepted: 11/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To prevent stroke recurrence in stroke survivors, effective management of vascular risk factors (VRFs), including hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and smoking, is essential. This study aimed to assess the VRF control status and trends among stroke survivors in Korea. METHODS This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 1,261 stroke survivors aged ≥ 19 years (mean age: 65.2 years; 43.1% female) who were part of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2010 to 2021. The control status of VRFs was evaluated using standardized criteria: hypertension (blood pressure < 140/90 mmHg), diabetes (hemoglobin A1c < 7%), hyperlipidemia (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] < 70 mg/dL), and smoking status. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with uncontrolled VRFs. RESULTS The rates of age-adjusted hypertension, diabetes, and smoking control remained consistent throughout the observation period. However, overall LDL-C control improved from 30.1% in 2010-2012 to 40.4% in 2019-2021 (P = 0.015), particularly in those aged ≥ 65 years. However, in the 19-49 age group, the control rate decreased from 47.0% to 15.8% (P = 0.048). Smoking rates showed no significant improvement (70.2% in 2019-2021 compared to 69.6% in 2010-2012), particularly among men. Living alone (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-3.32) was significantly associated with uncontrolled hypertension, whereas living in urban areas was linked to uncontrolled diabetes (aOR, 2.75; 95% CI, 1.06-7.17). Non-health screening was significantly associated with uncontrolled hyperlipidemia (aOR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.25-4.14), and men were more likely to continue smoking (aOR, 4.47; 95% CI, 3.12-6.72). CONCLUSION These findings highlight the need for targeted health strategies to enhance risk-factor management and reduce stroke recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eung-Joon Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Public Health and Care, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Yeong Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keun-Hwa Jung
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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21
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Zheng X, Chen Y, Jiang Y, Xu C, Gao Q, Shi F, Zhang J. Direct oral anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy for extracranial neurovascular stenting in patients with atrial fibrillation. BMC Neurol 2025; 25:218. [PMID: 40413431 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-025-04240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2025] [Indexed: 05/27/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common comorbidity in patients with extracranial neurovascular disease. When these patients require interventional procedures, the optimal perioperative anticoagulation regimen remains unclear. This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of a perioperative antithrombotic strategy for non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients undergoing carotid artery stenting (CAS) or vertebral artery stenting (VAS). METHODS We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from NVAF patients treated with CAS/VAS between January 2018 and June 2023. The pre-procedural regimen included aspirin (100 mg/day), clopidogrel (75 mg/day), and prophylactic low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). Post-procedural therapy combined a novel oral anticoagulant (NOAC) with a P2Y12 inhibitor. RESULTS Thirty patients (71.3 ± 6.9 years; 93.3% male) achieved technical success. Complications included one hemorrhage and one unexplained cerebral embolism. No acute/subacute stent thrombosis or restenosis occurred within 3 months. CONCLUSIONS Dual antithrombotic therapy (NOAC + P2Y12 inhibitor) post-procedure may balance efficacy and safety in NVAF patients undergoing CAS/VAS. Larger studies are needed for validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Yigang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Qingqing Gao
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Feina Shi
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
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22
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Ibrahim S, Senff JR, Francis T, Stanimirovic A, Ng S, Zhang L, Ravi A, Casaubon LK, Sivakumar K, Rosand J, Singh S, Rac VE, Pikula A. Lifestyle Knowledge and Behavior Among Stroke and High-Risk Younger Adult Patients Through Sex, Age and Stroke Status Differences: A Cross-Sectional Study. Am J Lifestyle Med 2025:15598276251343016. [PMID: 40417065 PMCID: PMC12102088 DOI: 10.1177/15598276251343016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2025] [Revised: 04/30/2025] [Accepted: 05/02/2025] [Indexed: 05/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of stroke is projected to rise over the next 30 years, particularly among younger adults (≤65 years of age). Stroke is associated with modifiable risk factors, highlighting the importance of risk factor modification. However, to modify risk factors, it is important to understand younger adult stroke and high-risk patients' lifestyle-related knowledge, behaviors and associated facilitators and barriers, which this study aimed to address with attention to sex, age, and stroke status-related differences. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were collected through an online self-reported survey. Descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted with attention to sex, age, and stroke status differences. Results: A total of 104 participants comprised the sample. Variability in lifestyle-knowledge was found. Most participants ate processed food, moderately exercised, slept <7 hours per night, had a sense of social connectedness, and moderate-to-manageable stress. Emotions, social and family responsibilities influenced diet and exercise. Sex, age, and stroke status differences were observed. Conclusions: Findings have implications on the development of lifestyle medicine prescriptions and interventions as standard of care to support brain health and reduce the risk of stroke and/or its reoccurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ibrahim
- Program for Health System and Technology Evaluation, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada (SI, TF, VER)
- Jay and Sari Sonshine Centre for Stroke Prevention & Cerebrovascular Brain Health, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (SI, VER, AP)
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (IHPME), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (SI, TF)
- Centre for Advancing Collaborative Healthcare & Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (SI)
| | - Jasper R. Senff
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA (JRS, SN, JR, SS)
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA (JRS, SN, JR, SS)
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA (JRS, SN, JR, SS)
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA (JRS, JR, SS)
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands (JRS)
| | - Troy Francis
- Program for Health System and Technology Evaluation, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada (SI, TF, VER)
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (IHPME), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (SI, TF)
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research at Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network (UHN) (TF, VER)
| | - Aleksandra Stanimirovic
- Program for Health System and Technology Evaluation, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada (SI, TF, VER)
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (IHPME), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (SI, TF)
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research at Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network (UHN) (TF, VER)
| | - Sharon Ng
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA (JRS, SN, JR, SS)
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA (JRS, SN, JR, SS)
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA (JRS, SN, JR, SS)
- Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (SN)
| | - Lindsey Zhang
- Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa University, Ottawa, ON, Canada (LZ)
| | - Akshaya Ravi
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA (AR)
| | - Leanne K. Casaubon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (LKC, KS, AP)
- Department of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Toronto, ON, Canada (LKC, KS, AP)
| | - Keithan Sivakumar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (LKC, KS, AP)
- Department of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Toronto, ON, Canada (LKC, KS, AP)
| | - Joanathan Rosand
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA (JRS, SN, JR, SS)
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA (JRS, SN, JR, SS)
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA (JRS, SN, JR, SS)
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA (JRS, JR, SS)
| | - Sanjula Singh
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA (JRS, SN, JR, SS)
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA (JRS, SN, JR, SS)
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA (JRS, SN, JR, SS)
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA (JRS, JR, SS)
| | - Valeria E. Rac
- Program for Health System and Technology Evaluation, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada (SI, TF, VER)
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (IHPME), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (SI, TF)
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research at Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network (UHN) (TF, VER)
| | - Aleksandra Pikula
- Jay and Sari Sonshine Centre for Stroke Prevention & Cerebrovascular Brain Health, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (SI, VER, AP)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (LKC, KS, AP)
- Department of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Toronto, ON, Canada (LKC, KS, AP)
- Krembil Brain Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON, Canada (AP)
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23
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Akers AL, Albanese J, Alcazar-Felix RJ, Al-Shahi Salman R, Awad IA, Connolly ES, Danehy A, Flemming KD, Gordon E, Hage S, Kim H, Lanzino G, Lee CH, McCormick PC, Mabray MC, Marchuk DA, Smith E, Smith KM, Srivastava S, Taylor JM, Vadivelu S. Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Clinical Management of Cavernous Malformations of the Brain and Spinal Cord: Consensus Recommendations Based on a Systematic Literature Review by the Alliance to Cure Cavernous Malformation Clinical Advisory Board Experts Panel. Neurosurgery 2025:00006123-990000000-01651. [PMID: 40396744 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000003459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2025] [Indexed: 05/22/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Despite many publications about cavernous malformations (CMs), controversy remains regarding diagnostic and management strategies. To update evidence-based guidelines for the clinical management of brain and spinal cord CMs. METHODS The Alliance to Cure CMs, the patient support group in the United States advocating on behalf of patients and research in CM, convened a multidisciplinary writing group comprising expert CM clinicians to help summarize the existing literature related to the clinical care of CM, focusing on 5 topics: (1) epidemiology and natural history, (2) genetic testing and counseling, (3) diagnostic criteria and imaging standards, (4) neurosurgical considerations, and (5) neurological considerations. Building on prior evidence-based recommendations reflecting literature review through October 2014, the group conducted a systematic review of the more recent literature, identified references for mandatory citation, rated evidence, developed recommendations, and established consensus according to a prespecified protocol. Finally, the writing group outlined remaining knowledge gaps and controversies to guide future research. RESULTS From 2672 publications published between October 1, 2014, and March 15, 2023, and meeting key word criteria, 234 were selected based on prearticulated criteria for mandatory consideration in evidence-based recommendations. Topic authors used these and other supporting references to summarize current knowledge and arrive at 53 management recommendations, with unanimous consensus based on a Delphi process. These were rated by class (strength of recommendation) and level (quality of evidence) per the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association criteria. Eighteen recommendations were class 1 (34%), class 2 in 31 (58%), and class 3 in 4 (8%). Three were level A (6%), 19 (36%) were level B, and 31 (58%) were level C. CONCLUSION Current evidence supports prior and new recommendations for the management of CMs, but many reflect moderate classes and low levels, mandating further research to better inform clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Akers
- Alliance to Cure Cavernous Malformation, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - John Albanese
- Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Issam A Awad
- Neurological Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Amy Danehy
- Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Errol Gordon
- Internal Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Stephanie Hage
- Neurological Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Helen Kim
- Anesthesis, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Cornelia H Lee
- Alliance to Cure Cavernous Malformation, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Marc C Mabray
- Neuroradiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Douglas A Marchuk
- Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Edward Smith
- Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - J Michael Taylor
- Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Sudhakar Vadivelu
- Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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24
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Nguyen DT, Mai TD, Dao PV, Ha HT, Fabus M, Fleming M, Tran MC. Early neurological deterioration in patients with minor stroke: A single-center study conducted in Vietnam. PLoS One 2025; 20:e0323700. [PMID: 40388421 PMCID: PMC12088008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0323700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2025] [Indexed: 05/21/2025] Open
Abstract
A minor ischemic stroke is associated with a higher likelihood of poor clinical outcomes at 90 days when there is early neurological deterioration (END). The objective of this case-control study conducted in a comprehensive stroke facility in Vietnam is to examine the frequency, forecast, and outcomes of patients with END in minor strokes. The study employs a descriptive observational design, longitudinally tracking patients with minor strokes admitted to Bach Mai Hospital's Stroke Center between December 1, 2023, and August 31, 2024. Hospitalized within 24 hours of symptom onset, minor stroke patients with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores ≤ 5 and items 1a, 1b, and 1c on the NIHSS scale, each equal to 0, were included in the study. The primary measure of interest is the END rate, defined as a rise of 2 or more points in the NIHSS score during the first 72 hours after admission. We conduct a logistic regression analysis to identify forecasting factors for END. Out of 839 patients, 88 (10.5%) had END. In the END group, we found that most patients had complications within the first 24 hours of stroke, accounting for 43.2%; the 24 - 48-hour window accounted for 35.2%, and the 48 - 72-hour window accounted for 21.6%. END was associated with a higher likelihood of poor outcomes (mRS 2 - 6) at discharge (OR = 22.76; 95% CI 11.22 - 46.20; p < 0.01), 30 days post-stroke(OR = 24.38; 95% CI 14.40 - 41.29; p < 0.01), and 90 days post-stroke (OR = 21.74; 95% CI 12.63 - 37.43; p < 0.01). Some of the prognostic factors for END were admission NIHSS score (OR = 1.24; 95% CI 1.03 - 1.49; p = 0.02), admission systolic blood pressure greater than 150mmHg (OR = 1.70; 95% CI 1.03 - 2.81; p = 0.04), admission blood glucose (OR = 1.07; 95% CI 1.01 - 1.14; p = 0.02), reperfusion therapy (OR = 3.35; 95% CI 1.50 - 7.49; p < 0.01), use of antiplatelet monotherapy (OR = 3.69; 95% CI 2.24 - 6.08; p < 0.01), internal capsule infarction (OR = 2.54; 95% CI 1.37 - 4.71; p < 0.01), hemorrhagic transformation (OR = 5.72; 95% CI 1.07 - 30.45; p = 0.04), corresponding extracranial carotid artery occlusion (OR = 4.84; 95% CI 1.26 - 18.65; p = 0.02), and middle cerebral artery occlusion OR = 3.06; 95% CI 1.29 - 7.30; p = 0.01). END in minor stroke patients accounts for 10.5% and is a risk factor for poor neurological outcomes. Admission NIHSS score, higher systolic blood pressure, admission blood glucose, reperfusion therapy, use of antiplatelet monotherapy, internal capsule infarction, hemorrhagic transformation, corresponding extracranial carotid artery occlusion, and middle cerebral artery occlusion were some of the prognostic factors for END in our observational study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung Tien Nguyen
- Bach Mai Stroke Center, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University-University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ton Duy Mai
- Bach Mai Stroke Center, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University-University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Viet Dao
- Bach Mai Stroke Center, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University-University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Marco Fabus
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Fleming
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Minh Cong Tran
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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25
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Das D, Wu Y, Hong J. Signaling Pathways and Promising Small-Molecule Therapeutic Agents for Ischemic Stroke. ChemMedChem 2025; 20:e202400975. [PMID: 40025810 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2025] [Accepted: 02/28/2025] [Indexed: 03/04/2025]
Abstract
Stroke is the second highest cause of death and leading cause of disability with high economic burden worldwide. The incidence of stroke is increasing faster and more prevalent for the global population over age 65. Ischemic stroke (IS) has a higher incidence than hemorrhagic stroke, accounting over 80 % of the total incidence of stroke. The rate of ischemic stroke is increasing in all age groups and both sexes. In present era, hypertension, high blood pressure and modern lifestyle are considered as the causes of the disease. The treatment options for stroke is still limited, mainly thrombolytic and thrombectomy therapy are available options. In the past decade, a number of therapeutic agents have been studied for the acute ischemic stroke to protect the brain from ischemic injury. Several study methods focus to improve neurons functions around the ischemic core and protect from the shock. Many signalling pathways including NF-kB, NrF, Nrf2-Keap1, PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT signalling pathways are strongly associated for the indication. Controlling the signalling pathways by small molecules potentially improve the neuronal functions. In this article, we review the recent advancement of the drug discovery, controlling the signalling pathways by small molecules, and kinase inhibitors in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasis Das
- Arromax Pharmatech Co. Ltd., Sangtiandao Innovation Park, No. 1 Huayun Road, SIP, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yimeng Wu
- Arromax Pharmatech Co. Ltd., Sangtiandao Innovation Park, No. 1 Huayun Road, SIP, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jian Hong
- Arromax Pharmatech Co. Ltd., Sangtiandao Innovation Park, No. 1 Huayun Road, SIP, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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Stenos C, Anastasiou A, Nikolopoulou G, Papanagiotou P, Papagiannis G, Koutroumpi A, Drakopoulou D, Anastasiou P, Yiannopoulou K. Carotid Stump Syndrome: A Case That Highlights the Necessity of Digital Subtraction Angiography for the Prompt Management of the Syndrome. Diagnostics (Basel) 2025; 15:1273. [PMID: 40428268 PMCID: PMC12110577 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics15101273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2025] [Revised: 05/14/2025] [Accepted: 05/15/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Background and Clinical Significance: Carotid stump syndrome (CSS) is a rare and unexpected cause of recurrent ischemic ipsilateral events in the carotid vascular territory despite the demonstrated occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA). It is believed to be caused by microemboli due to turbulent blood flow in the patent stump of the occluded ICA that passes through anastomotic channels and retrograde flow into the middle cerebral artery circulation. Case Presentation: We describe the case of a 65-year-old male patient who suffered multiple concurrent transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) with a totally occluded ipsilateral ICA revealed by computed tomography angiography (CTA). He was diagnosed with CSS, which required the safest therapeutic approach. A further investigation with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed, and a trickle of blood flow was observed in the reportedly occluded ICA. The diagnosis of a true ICA occlusion was withdrawn, and a diagnosis of pseudo-occlusion was established, affecting the final treatment strategy. Therefore, the patient underwent an ipsilateral carotid endarterectomy (CEA), and he has remained asymptomatic since then. Conclusions: The differentiation between a pseudo-occlusion and a true ICA occlusion is essential in promptly managing acute recurrent ipsilateral ischemic strokes in the carotid vascular territory. A further investigation with DSA in cases with a totally occluded ICA using CTA is essential for excluding pseudo-occlusions in ipsilaterally symptomatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Stenos
- 2nd Neurological Department, Henry Dunant Hospital Center, 11526 Athens, Greece; (C.S.); (G.N.)
| | | | - Georgia Nikolopoulou
- 2nd Neurological Department, Henry Dunant Hospital Center, 11526 Athens, Greece; (C.S.); (G.N.)
| | - Panagiotis Papanagiotou
- 2nd Neurological Department, Henry Dunant Hospital Center, 11526 Athens, Greece; (C.S.); (G.N.)
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Hospital Bremen-Mitte/Bremen-Ost, 28325 Bremen, Germany
- 1st Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Areteion Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Papagiannis
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Physiotherapy Department, University of the Peloponnese, 23100 Sparta, Greece;
| | - Aikaterini Koutroumpi
- 2nd Neurological Department, Henry Dunant Hospital Center, 11526 Athens, Greece; (C.S.); (G.N.)
| | - Danai Drakopoulou
- 2nd Neurological Department, Henry Dunant Hospital Center, 11526 Athens, Greece; (C.S.); (G.N.)
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Pristipino C, Carroll J, Mas JL, Wunderlich NC, Sondergaard L. Treatment of patent foramen ovale. EUROINTERVENTION 2025; 21:505-524. [PMID: 40375764 PMCID: PMC12063554 DOI: 10.4244/eij-d-23-00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2025]
Abstract
After extensive debate, the percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) has been established as a first-line treatment for the secondary prevention of PFO-related stroke in patients between 18 and 60 years old, whereas the role of PFO closure for primary prevention remains controversial. Additionally, in selected cases, PFO closure may be considered beyond these age limits and for other indications such as the treatment of systemic deoxygenation syndromes and the secondary prevention of systemic embolism or decompression sickness, when the PFO has been determined to be causative in the condition. In all cases, an in-depth diagnostic work-up, requiring collaboration among different specialists, is necessary to estimate the likelihood of PFO being related to the clinical condition. Since the first percutaneous closure of an atrial septal defect in 1976, the technique has been adapted and simplified for PFO. It is now well standardised with double-disc occluders, which are widely adopted because of their ease of use and evidence-based efficacy and safety. The procedure is generally straightforward, but some anatomical characteristics may be challenging. The choice of device and drug therapy after the procedure is currently empirical and guided by patient characteristics. Early and late complications of the procedure are infrequent but require early diagnosis. Further evidence is eagerly awaited to improve diagnosis, define other indications, make better procedural choices, and prescribe the most effective drug therapy after closure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Carroll
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jean-Louis Mas
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Paris, France and GHU-Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, Paris, France
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Zhang Y, Wu J, Liu Y, Liu Y. Cardiovascular 1.5-level prevention: a comprehensive screening and intervention for early cardiovascular organ damage. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2025; 70:1380-1383. [PMID: 39505663 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20072, China
| | - Jiawen Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20072, China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yue Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China.
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29
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Liu F, Song X, Zhang H, Li Y, Zhang XF. Metabolomic Profiling in Ischemic Stroke: Unraveling the Influence of Obesity and Identifying Potential Biomarkers Using 1H NMR Spectroscopy. Mol Neurobiol 2025:10.1007/s12035-025-05015-z. [PMID: 40372670 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-025-05015-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2025] [Indexed: 05/16/2025]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is emerging as an increasingly serious social issue with elusive etiology, few diagnostic markers, and limited treatment methods. Another concern in contemporary society is the prevalence of obesity, which is indicative of suboptimal well-being. Despite its association with established risk factors for stroke (such as hypertension and diabetes), several studies have reported a controversial phenomenon known as the "obesity paradox," whereby certain obese patients with stroke exhibited unexpectedly positive outcomes. In this study, a total of 68 plasma samples were collected including 36 controls and 32 IS patients, with further differentiation between obese and non-obese individuals in each group. A quantitative metabonomic approach based on 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) was employed to identify differential metabolic markers of IS, and elucidate the impact of obesity on IS. The final results demonstrated that obesity did not have a significant impact on metabolites. It is important to note, however, that reliance on BMI as the sole indicator of obesity may be insufficient. Additional parameters, such as waist-to-hip ratio and waist circumference, should be considered. Furthermore, the impact of obesity on stroke is probably mediated through metabolic health, making it an intermediate factor rather than a direct cause. Additionally, the study identified approximately 30 metabolites exhibiting significant alterations in IS patients, with the primary metabolic pathways being energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and folic acid deficiency. These findings are significant for comprehending the potential mechanisms of IS and facilitating its rapid and early diagnosis for effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyan Liu
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Xinlei Song
- Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Haolin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yuqiu Li
- Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
- School of Management Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
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Lyu J, Liu F, Chai Y, Wang X, Liu Y, Xie Y. Identification of causal plasma metabolite biomarkers for ischemic stroke using Mendelian randomization and mediation analysis. Sci Rep 2025; 15:16789. [PMID: 40369036 PMCID: PMC12078489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-01329-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2025] [Indexed: 05/16/2025] Open
Abstract
The Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 reports that stroke remains a leading cause of death, with ischemic stroke (IS) presenting significant challenges in screening, prevention, and treatment. We explored the causal effects of 1,400 plasma metabolites on IS outcomes using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) framework. We assessed causal relationships between IS and 11 common clinical risk factors and further examined these relationships for metabolites. Mediation analysis identified mechanisms for metabolites affecting both IS and its risk factors. Finally, a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) MR analysis evaluated the side effects and additional indications of IS-associated metabolites across 3,948 phenotypes from the UKBB GWAS. Nineteen metabolites showed a causal relationship with IS. MR analysis confirmed body mass index (BMI), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and type 2 diabetes (T2D) as risk factors for IS. Among 136 metabolites associated with at least one IS risk factor, 132 were linked to risk factors but not directly to IS. BMI, DBP, and coffee intake mediated the causal relationship between IS and the levels of 1-stearoyl-GPG (18:0), 1-oleoyl-2-linoleoyl-GPE (18:1/18:2), Octadecadienedioate (C18:2-DC), and X-24,951. Phe-MR analysis indicated that these metabolites were protective and affected other indications similarly to IS. Our findings reveal causal pathways and identify four potential biomarkers for IS, providing new insights for its screening, prevention, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lyu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine & National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, XiYuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.1 Xiyuan playground Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, PR China.
| | - Fumei Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Nanxiaojie, Inner Dongzhimen, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Yan Chai
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
| | - Xiting Wang
- Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 55 Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Yi Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Nanxiaojie, Inner Dongzhimen, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, PR China.
| | - Yanming Xie
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Nanxiaojie, Inner Dongzhimen, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, PR China.
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Brown SJ, Nikolova J, Nitu M, Cramer J, Dumitrascu O. Embolic Hippocampal Infarct From Ipsilateral Tandem Carotid Stenosis: A Case Report and Lesson on Hippocampal Dual Vascular Supply. Neurologist 2025:00127893-990000000-00194. [PMID: 40366115 DOI: 10.1097/nrl.0000000000000610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2025]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although primarily supplied by the vertebrobasilar system, the hippocampus is partially supplied by ipsilateral carotid artery branches through the anterior choroidal artery or a prominent posterior communicating artery. We report a patient with acute hippocampus infarction likely due to symptomatic ipsilateral tandem carotid stenosis and discuss acute vascular-mediated hippocampal injury. CASE REPORT An 80-year-old female with obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, alcohol use disorder, history of breast cancer on letrozole, and traumatic brain injury was brought into our emergency department for 24 hours of confusion. On examination, she exhibited limited registration, recall, and executive dysfunction with otherwise normal language, visuo-spatial orientation, and praxis. Brain MRI showed a small area of diffusion restriction in the anterior right hippocampus with matched FLAIR hyperintensity, consistent with acute infarction. Computed tomography angiogram head and neck showed 90% stenosis of the proximal right internal carotid artery (ICA), <50% narrowing of the proximal left ICA, and moderate bilateral narrowing of the paraclinoid ICAs, all due to calcific atheromatous plaques. The etiology of the hippocampal infarction was suspected embolism from the ipsilateral severe carotid stenosis. Planning for right cervical carotid revascularization ensued. CONCLUSION This case highlights the dual hippocampal vascular supply and that hippocampal embolic infarcts could be a sign of a symptomatic severe carotid artery stenosis that may require urgent revascularization for stroke secondary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Oana Dumitrascu
- Department of Neurology
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
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Song X, Fu J, Yao Y, Shu Y, Wang Z, Chen X, Ma L, Shen F, Sun X, Ma X, Zhang T, Jin R, Zeng M, Gu X. The impact of high-frequency rTMS treatment on brain activity in PSCI patients: a TMS-EEG study. Front Neurol 2025; 16:1582437. [PMID: 40438571 PMCID: PMC12116362 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2025.1582437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2025] [Accepted: 04/18/2025] [Indexed: 06/01/2025] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study employed Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation combined with Electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) to examine the impacts of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on brain activity and cognitive function in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI), focusing on changes in connectivity of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) across different frequency bands. Methods Twenty subacute PSCI patients were recruited for a 20-day rTMS treatment, consisting of 10 days of sham stimulation followed by 10 days of actual stimulation. Clinical function scale data and TMS-EEG data were collected before treatment (Pre), after sham stimulation (Sham), and after rTMS treatment (TMS) to analyze transcranial magnetic stimulation evoked potentials (TEP), time-frequency, and functional connectivity. Additionally, a post hoc subgroup analysis was conducted to assess the impact of education level, time since onset, and lesion size on cognitive score improvement. Results Compared to the Pre and Sham conditions, cognitive function and daily living ability scores significantly improved post-rTMS. Although the TEP patterns in the Pre and Sham conditions were similar, rTMS enhanced the early TEP amplitude in the left DLPFC, slowed gamma oscillations, increased connectivity in the theta and alpha bands in the bilateral DLPFC, and altered the connectivity patterns between the left DLPFC and other brain regions. Changes in theta-band wPLI were significantly positively correlated with improvements in MMSE scores (r = 0.465, p = 0.039) and MoCA scores (r = 0.493, p = 0.027). Patients with higher education levels exhibited significant cognitive improvement (p = 0.039), while patients with a time since onset of 60-180 days showed a significant decline in cognitive improvement (p = 0.024). Conclusion High-frequency rTMS effectively modulated connectivity patterns between the left DLPFC and other brain regions in PSCI patients, enhancing cognitive functions. Changes in wPLI within the theta frequency band may serve as a potential biomarker for cognitive function improvement in PSCI patients. Education level and time since onset may have a certain impact on cognitive improvement in PSCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Song
- Joint Training Base of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University and Jiaxing University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Fu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yunhai Yao
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yuhong Shu
- Joint Training Base of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University and Jiaxing University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongli Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xuting Chen
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Lianjie Ma
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Fang Shen
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Ma
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Rujue Jin
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xudong Gu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
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Fheodoroff K, Danchenko N, Whalen J, Balcaitiene J, Magalhães B, Szulc E, Zaffalon A, Burchakova M, Nechiporenko D, Robbins S. Modelling long-term outcomes in patients with post-stroke spasticity with or without BoNT-A treatment on all-cause mortality and secondary cardiovascular events. Toxicon 2025:108409. [PMID: 40374094 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2025] [Revised: 03/13/2025] [Accepted: 05/12/2025] [Indexed: 05/17/2025]
Abstract
App. 25% of stroke survivors develop post-stroke spasticity (PSS) over the first year after a stroke, and they also experience motor weakness, which may prevent effective recovery by restricting mobility and participating in exercise programmes. Patients generally experience rapid improvement with Botulinum Toxin Type A (BoNT-A) therapy for PSS. Unfortunately, clinical trials demonstrating benefits from BoNT-A treatment are of short duration. Consequently, it is not known if treatment-related improvements in mobility could also contribute to lowering the risks of secondary cardiovascular (CV) events and all-cause death. To assess if BoNT-A injections could also have an impact on long-term outcomes, we developed a 10-year survival model comparing the effects of AbobotulinumtoxinA (aboBoNT-A) injections and rehabilitation therapy (aboBoNT-A+RT) with rehabilitation therapy (RT) alone. The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) appeared to be the only functional outcome allowing us to model the effect of aboBoNT-A injections on all-cause mortality. Stroke survivors who reported better improvement in FIM score during rehabilitation had lower risk of all-cause mortality during follow-up. Patients treated with aboBoNT-A injections + RT showed better improvement in FIM score than patients treated without aboBoNT-A injections. Our modelling results showed that the addition of aboBoNT-A injections to RT led to a reduction of 8.8% in the risk of all-cause mortality, and a relative increase of 12.8% in discounted life-years. The addition of aboBoNT-A injections to RT led to an increase in total costs of £42.328 over 10 years (based on National Health Service (NHS) UK cost collection 2018/2019). In the base-case scenario, incremental costs were driven by the increased number of hours of home care and RT for patients treated with aboBoNT-A injections compared with RT alone. Assuming an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) threshold of £30.000, the probabilistic sensitivity analysis found a 73% likelihood that aboBoNT-A+RT demonstrated cost-effectiveness compared with RT alone. Our work advocates for the need to consider and to capture the impact of BoNT-A injections on all-cause mortality and secondary events, such as CV events and recurrent stroke, which are prevalent in stroke survivors.
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Lee HG, Kwon S, Jung WS, Moon SK, Kim CH, Choi DJ. Clinical Efficacy and Safety of the Herbal Prescription, HH333, in Preventing Recurrent Stroke in Patients With Ischemic Stroke Induced by Small-Vessel Disease: Protocol for Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Prospective, Pilot Clinical Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2025; 14:e70953. [PMID: 40358993 PMCID: PMC12117272 DOI: 10.2196/70953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2025] [Revised: 03/18/2025] [Accepted: 04/13/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with ischemic stroke are at high risk of recurrence, making preventive care an important factor. Current antiplatelet therapy for recurrence prevention treatment has several limitations. Recent retrospective observational studies suggested that HH333, an herbal prescription, has an inhibitory effect on stroke recurrence in small-vessel diseases. OBJECTIVE This study aims to propose a protocol for evaluating the efficacy and safety of HH333 in patients with ischemic stroke induced by small-vessel disease. METHODS In this multicenter, double-blind, randomized, prospective, pilot clinical trial, 236 patients from 3 university Korean medicine hospitals in South Korea with ischemic stroke caused by small-vessel disease will be recruited and randomly assigned to either the HH333 or the placebo group. Both patients and investigators will be blinded to prevent access to the allocation results. The HH333 group will take 2 capsules of HH333 once daily for 720 days, whereas the placebo group will take HH333 placebo capsules in the same manner. Efficacy will be assessed using the recurrence rate of ischemic stroke, which will be assessed on days 30, 90, 180, 270, 360, 450, 540, 630, 720, and 750 after starting the medication. The effects on quality of life and fatigue with the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), and Korean Patient Health Questionnaire (K-PHQ-9), functional improvement with Korean National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (K-NIHSS), modified Rankin Scale (mRS), Korean modified Barthel Index (K-mBI), and Korean Montreal Cognitive Assessment (K-MoCA) and Pattern Identification also will be evaluated on days 0, 90, 180, 270, 360, 450, 540, 630, and 720 after starting the medication. Safety will be evaluated by performing blood and urine tests and electrocardiography on days 30, 90, 180, 270, 360, 450, 540, 630, and 720 after starting the medication. RESULTS Recruitment for the study started on May 22, 2024, and is scheduled to end on November 30, 2026. As of November 13, 2024, a total of 12 participants have been randomized. CONCLUSIONS The protocol will provide a detailed process for a clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of preventing recurrent ischemic stroke caused by small-vessel disease and improving neurologic symptoms and the safety of HH333 in ischemic stroke. The results of this study provide a basis for alternative treatments to prevent and treat ischemic stroke. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Research Information Service KCT0009431; https://tinyurl.com/y2ctvje8. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/70953.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Gyul Lee
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwon Kwon
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Sang Jung
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kwan Moon
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Neuroscience, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University Gwangju Medical Center, Wonkwang University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Oriental Hospital, Ilsan, Republic of Korea
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Shoraka O, Grandhi R, Miller S, Roy J, Jaikumar V, Musmar B, Tanweer O, Burkhardt JK, Jabbour PM, Siddiqui AH, Siddiq F, Hassan AE. Long-term outcomes of resolute Onyx Zotarolimus-eluting stents for symptomatic intracranial stenosis: A multicenter propensity score-matched comparison with stenting versus aggressive medical management for preventing recurrent stroke in intracranial stenosis trial. Interv Neuroradiol 2025:15910199251339538. [PMID: 40356420 PMCID: PMC12075157 DOI: 10.1177/15910199251339538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2025] [Accepted: 04/16/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIntracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is a leading cause of ischemic stroke. The Medtronic Resolute Onyx Zotarolimus-eluting stents (RO-ZES) are promising in preventing stroke recurrence compared with medical management (MM) and percutaneous angioplasty and stenting (PTAS) at both 30-day and one-year follow-ups. We evaluated long-term outcomes for patients treated with RO-ZES, PTAS, or MM.MethodsA retrospective multicenter study was conducted including patients who underwent RO-ZES stenting for symptomatic ICAD between March 2018 and May 2023, with follow-up through October 2024. Propensity score-matched control groups, representing MM and PTAS, were derived from the SAMMPRIS trial. Primary outcomes included recurrence rates of transient ischemic attack, stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and mortality. Time-to-event after intervention was evaluated.ResultsPatients who underwent stenting with RO-ZES and two propensity-matched cohorts from the SAMMPRIS trial who underwent MM and PTAS were included. Mean follow-up was 27.9 ± 17.0 months. The RO-ZES group demonstrated significantly fewer recurrent strokes (11.3%) compared with MM (27.0%) and PTAS (27.8%) (p = .003). The MM group experienced the lowest recurrence rate of ICH (0.9%) (p = .018). Multivariable regression revealed that RO-ZES experienced lower odds of recurrent strokes (OR = .40, 95% CI [0.17-0.92], p = .031) than PTAS throughout follow-up. Multivariable Cox regression demonstrated that RO-ZES stenting lowered the hazard of recurrent strokes compared with PTAS (hazard ratio = .36, 95% CI [0.16-0.80], p = .012).ConclusionTreatment of severe, symptomatic ICAD using RO-ZES was associated with lower odds of recurrent strokes compared with PTAS in this long-term follow-up study. Further prospective trials comparing MM with novel stent technologies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Shoraka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ramesh Grandhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Samantha Miller
- Department of Neurology, Valley Baptist-University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Harlingen, Texas, USA
| | - Joanna Roy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vinay Jaikumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Basel Musmar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Omar Tanweer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jan-Karl Burkhardt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pascal M Jabbour
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adnan H Siddiqui
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Farhan Siddiq
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Missouri Health Care, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Ameer E Hassan
- Department of Neurology, Valley Baptist-University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Harlingen, Texas, USA
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Sharma R, Hansen S, Merkler AE, Lima JAC, Longstreth WT. Left Ventricular Injury Detected by Cardiac MRI and Incident Ischemic Stroke and Dementia Risk: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Neurology 2025; 104:e213606. [PMID: 40249894 PMCID: PMC12012626 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000213606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2025] [Indexed: 04/20/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Left ventricular injury (LVI) can be detected by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging with high sensitivity; however, the implication of these findings on brain health longitudinally is uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the association between LVI biomarkers detected by CMR and the risk of developing ischemic stroke and dementia. METHODS We analyzed the prospective, observational cohort of participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) study (median follow-up of 8.7 years). MESA is a population-based cohort recruited from 6 communities. The complete case analysis (CCA) sample included stroke-free participants who underwent CMR at Exam 5 (2010-2012). The multiple imputation (MI) sample consisted of stroke-free participants at Exam 5, irrespective of CMR collection. Missing CMR variables were imputed because of the nonrandom missingness of CMR data. The primary exposure was LVI defined by LV ejection fraction < 50% or circumferential strain ≥ -10 in any LV apical wall. Secondary exposures were left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and strain as continuous measures. Primary outcomes were (1) incident ischemic stroke and (2) newly diagnosed all-cause dementia. Cox proportional hazard models were adjusted for demographic and clinical covariates. RESULTS There were 2,584 (11.7% with LVI [mean age 71, 65% male], 88.3% without LVI [mean age 69, 44% male]) and 4,594 participants in the CCA and MI cohorts, respectively. Incident ischemic stroke occurred in 18 (6%) participants with and 65 (3%) without LVI in the CCA sample (302 or 12% with and 18 or 6% without LVI in the MI sample). Both groups had similar rates of cardiovascular disease (6% vs 4%, p = 0.143). LVI was significantly associated with incident ischemic stroke in the MI cohort (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.82, 95% CI 1.08-3.09), but not in the CCA cohort. LV apical peak strain was significantly associated with newly diagnosed dementia only in the MI cohort (adjusted HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01-1.12). LVEF per 10% was significantly associated with newly diagnosed dementia in both cohorts (adjusted HR in MI cohort 0.73, 95% 0.59-0.90). DISCUSSION CMR-detected LVI is associated with incident ischemic stroke and newly diagnosed dementia. Further studies are needed to validate CMR biomarkers of brain injury risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Sharma
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Spencer Hansen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | - João A C Lima
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD; and
| | - Will T Longstreth
- Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle
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Chi KY, El Zarif T, Varrias D, Lee PL, Chang YC, Song J, Osabutey A, Borkowski P, Chiang CH, Chang Y, Lin YS, Nanna M, Nanna MG. Anticoagulants or antiplatelets for secondary prevention of cryptogenic stroke: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart 2025; 111:495-505. [PMID: 39915077 PMCID: PMC12068992 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2024-325288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with cryptogenic stroke or embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) face a high risk of recurrent ischaemic stroke, but the optimal antithrombotic strategy remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the effectiveness and safety of oral anticoagulants (OACs) versus antiplatelets in these populations, with a focus on subgroup effects by key clinical characteristics. METHODS Six databases were searched through March 2024 to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing OACs and antiplatelets in patients with cryptogenic stroke or ESUS. The primary outcome was recurrent ischaemic stroke. Subgroup analyses evaluated treatment effects based on supracardiac atherosclerosis risk, presence of patent foramen ovale (PFO) and signs or risk factors for atrial cardiopathy. Meta-regression with interaction p values was employed to assess differences in treatment effects between subgroups. RESULTS Nine RCTs comprising 15 451 participants were included. In the overall population, there was no significant difference in recurrent ischaemic stroke risk between OACs and antiplatelets (relative risk (RR) 0.90, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.02; I2=0%). Subgroup analyses showed that OACs reduced ischaemic stroke risk in patients with low-risk supracardiac atherosclerosis (RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.80; I2=0%) compared with those with high-risk supracardiac atherosclerosis (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.06; I2=0%) and evidence of supracardiac atherosclerosis (RR 1.13, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.53; I2=0%) (p interaction=0.0002). Similarly, OACs were more effective in patients with signs or risk factors for atrial cardiopathy (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.99; I2=0%) than in those without atrial cardiopathy (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.30; I2=0%) (p interaction=0.02). There was no significant interaction by PFO status (p interaction=0.28). While the risk of major bleeding risk was comparable between groups (RR 1.34, 95% CI 0.73 to 2.44; I2=65%), a significantly higher risk of major bleeding other than intracerebral haemorrhage was observed in patients taking OACs compared with antiplatelets (RR 1.69, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.43; I2=0%). CONCLUSIONS OACs are more effective than antiplatelets for preventing ischaemic stroke in patients who had a cryptogenic stroke or ESUS with low-risk supracardiac atherosclerosis or atrial cardiopathy. The findings highlight the need for personalised treatment strategies and further trials in these subgroups. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42024518903.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Yu Chi
- Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Talal El Zarif
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Pei-Lun Lee
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Yu-Cheng Chang
- Department of Medicine, Danbury Hospital, Danbury, Connecticut, USA
| | - Junmin Song
- Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Anita Osabutey
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Pawel Borkowski
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Cho-Han Chiang
- Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yu Chang
- National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shiuan Lin
- Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Michele Nanna
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Poirette P, Chausson N, Papaxanthos J, Kyheng M, Labreuche J, Smadja D, Gaillard N, Signate A, Joux J, Obadia M, Renou P, Boyer A, Desilles JP, Boulanger M, Robinet-Borgomano E, Zhu F, Richard S, Turpinat C, Landais A, Desal H, Guillon B, Viguier A, Lamy M, Denier C, Lecluse A, Malrain C, Lyoubi A, Holay Q, Bourgeois Q, Chaari D, Olindo S, Marnat G. Delay in Carotid Web Diagnosis Remains Common and Associated With an Increased Risk of Stroke Recurrence. Stroke 2025. [PMID: 40351183 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.124.050238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2025] [Accepted: 04/24/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotid web is a rare and likely underrecognized cause of ischemic stroke, particularly in young patients. Given the high risk of recurrence, diagnostic delays may have serious consequences. This study aimed to assess the incidence and impact of delayed carotid web diagnosis after a first ischemic event. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis using data from the French ongoing multicenter prospective CAROWEB (Carotid Web registry). We included patients with a first-ever ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack in the anterior circulation, attributed to an ipsilateral carotid web with no other identifiable cause, between September 2013 and April 2023. Patients with missing data on the date of the first ischemic event or carotid web diagnosis, or with prior stroke history, were excluded. Participants were categorized into early diagnosis (≤30 days) and delayed diagnosis (>30 days) groups. Factors associated with diagnostic delay were investigated through univariable and multivariable analyses. Stroke recurrence was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS Of 280 patients in the registry, 225 met the inclusion criteria. A delayed diagnosis occurred in 57 patients (25.3%). Independent predictors of diagnostic delay included lower initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (odds ratio, 0.92; P=0.002), stroke occurring before 2019 (odds ratio, 0.19; P<0.001), and the absence of computed tomography angiography in the initial work-up (odds ratio, 0.20; P<0.001). Stroke recurrence was significantly higher in the delayed group (3.6 versus 0.38 per 100 patient-years). After adjusting for the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and year of stroke onset, delayed diagnosis was associated with a 5-fold increased risk of recurrence (aHR, 5.02; P=0.014). CONCLUSIONS Delayed carotid web diagnosis remains common, especially in minor strokes, in the absence of early computed tomography angiography, and in events before 2019. Such delays are associated with a significantly increased risk of stroke recurrence, highlighting the need for early vascular imaging in ischemic stroke evaluation. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT04431609.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Poirette
- Neuroradiology, Bordeaux University Hospital, France. (P.P., J.P., G.M.)
| | | | - Jean Papaxanthos
- Neuroradiology, Bordeaux University Hospital, France. (P.P., J.P., G.M.)
| | - Maeva Kyheng
- Biostatistics Department, Lille University Hospital, France (M.K., J.L.)
| | - Julien Labreuche
- Biostatistics Department, Lille University Hospital, France (M.K., J.L.)
| | - Didier Smadja
- Neurology, Sud-Francilien Hospital, Corbeil-Essonnes, France (D.S.)
| | - Nicolas Gaillard
- Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, France (N.G., C.T.)
- Neurology, Clinique Beausoleil, Institut Mutualiste Montpelliérain, France (N.G.)
| | - Aissatou Signate
- Neurology, Martinique University Hospital, Fort-de-France, France (A.S., J.J.)
| | - Julien Joux
- Neurology, Martinique University Hospital, Fort-de-France, France (A.S., J.J.)
| | | | - Pauline Renou
- Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital, France. (P.R., A.B., S.O.)
| | - Aurélie Boyer
- Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital, France. (P.R., A.B., S.O.)
- Neurology, Reunion Island University Hospital, Saint-Pierre, France (A.B.)
| | | | | | | | - François Zhu
- Neuroradiology, Nancy University Hospital, France. (F.Z.)
| | | | - Cédric Turpinat
- Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, France (N.G., C.T.)
| | - Anne Landais
- Neurology, Pointe-à-Pitre University Hospital, France (A. Landais)
| | - Hubert Desal
- Neuroradiology, Nantes University Hospital, France. (H.D.)
| | | | - Alain Viguier
- Neurology, Toulouse University Hospital, France (A.V.)
| | - Matthias Lamy
- Neurology, Poitiers University Hospital, France (M.L.)
| | | | | | | | - Aïcha Lyoubi
- Neurology, Saint-Denis Hospital, France (A. Lyoubi)
| | - Quentin Holay
- Neurology, Sainte-Anne Military Hospital, Toulon, France (Q.H.)
| | | | | | - Stephane Olindo
- Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital, France. (P.R., A.B., S.O.)
| | - Gaultier Marnat
- Neuroradiology, Bordeaux University Hospital, France. (P.P., J.P., G.M.)
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Kell DB, Pretorius E, Zhao H. A Direct Relationship Between 'Blood Stasis' and Fibrinaloid Microclots in Chronic, Inflammatory, and Vascular Diseases, and Some Traditional Natural Products Approaches to Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2025; 18:712. [PMID: 40430532 PMCID: PMC12114700 DOI: 10.3390/ph18050712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2025] [Revised: 04/29/2025] [Accepted: 05/07/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
'Blood stasis' (syndrome) (BSS) is a fundamental concept in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), where it is known as Xue Yu (). Similar concepts exist in Traditional Korean Medicine ('Eohyul') and in Japanese Kampo medicine (Oketsu). Blood stasis is considered to underpin a large variety of inflammatory diseases, though an exact equivalent in Western systems medicine is yet to be described. Some time ago we discovered that blood can clot into an anomalous amyloid form, creating what we have referred to as fibrinaloid microclots. These microclots occur in a great many chronic, inflammatory diseases are comparatively resistant to fibrinolysis, and thus have the ability to block microcapillaries and hence lower oxygen transfer to tissues, with multiple pathological consequences. We here develop the idea that it is precisely the fibrinaloid microclots that relate to, and are largely mechanistically responsible for, the traditional concept of blood stasis (a term also used by Virchow). First, the diseases known to be associated with microclots are all associated with blood stasis. Secondly, by blocking red blood cell transport, fibrinaloid microclots provide a simple mechanistic explanation for the physical slowing down ('stasis') of blood flow. Thirdly, Chinese herbal medicine formulae proposed to treat these diseases, especially Xue Fu Zhu Yu and its derivatives, are known mechanistically to be anticoagulatory and anti-inflammatory, consistent with the idea that they are actually helping to lower the levels of fibrinaloid microclots, plausibly in part by blocking catalysis of the polymerization of fibrinogen into an amyloid form. We rehearse some of the known actions of the constituent herbs of Xue Fu Zhu Yu and specific bioactive molecules that they contain. Consequently, such herbal formulations (and some of their components), which are comparatively little known to Western science and medicine, would seem to offer the opportunity to provide novel, safe, and useful treatments for chronic inflammatory diseases that display fibrinaloid microclots, including Myalgic Encephalopathy/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, long COVID, and even ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B. Kell
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown St., Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 200, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown St., Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 200, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Huihui Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100026, China;
- Institute of Ethnic Medicine and Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100026, China
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Kenny M, Landavazo B, Vernon C, Yelovitch S, Zea N, Nation D, Apple J, Quaye K, Boone B, Turley R. Outcomes and Insights from a Decade of Transcarotid Artery Revascularization in Community Practice. J Vasc Surg 2025:S0741-5214(25)01028-6. [PMID: 40348294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2025.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2025] [Revised: 04/25/2025] [Accepted: 04/30/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transcarotid arterial revascularization (TCAR) with flow reversal is a well-established minimally invasive alternative to carotid endarterectomy. Our multicenter, private practice is an early adopter and has performed TCARs in the community since 2013. We report our real-world experience after performing 650 TCARs over ten years in the community. METHODS 655 TCAR procedures were performed on 588 patients between 2013-2024. A retrospective chart review was performed on these procedures. The cohort included nine vascular surgeons across ten hospitals. All procedures used the enroute transcarotid neuroprotection system (NPS), which uses common carotid access and high-rate flow reversal as embolic protection during stenting. The primary endpoints for this study are 30-day rates of stroke and myocardial infarction (MI). Secondary endpoints included operative time, cranial nerve injury, neck hematoma requiring evacuation, arterial dissection, and death. RESULTS 655 TCAR procedures were performed on 588 unique patients. 403 (61.52%) of patients were asymptomatic at the time of surgery. The median patient age was 73 (67-79) years. Patient medical history, surgical history, pre- and post-dilation balloon sizes, stent sizes, operative time, flow-reversal time, contrast volume, reoperation status, discharge statin, and anticoagulation therapies are listed and summarized in the tables below. Eleven patients suffered a perioperative stroke (1.68%) within 30 days of the operations, and ten (1.53%) suffered a stroke after thirty days but within one year of the operation. MI occurred in one patient (0.15%) within 30 days and six (0.91%) within one year. Cranial nerve injury occurred in 10 (1.52%) patients, defined as either dysphagia (n=1) or hoarseness (n=9). Neck hematoma with evacuation occurred in 10 patients (1.53%). An arterial dissection transpired in a single patient (0.15%). CONCLUSIONS Over the last decade, TCAR has emerged as an effective and efficient first-line therapy for treating suitable patients with carotid artery stenosis regularly in less than 1 hour of operative time. Early adoption and integration of this technology into practice have yielded excellent patient outcomes, matching or surpassing those reported in the literature for the gold standard, CEA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nicolas Zea
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgeons, Austin, TX
| | - David Nation
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgeons, Austin, TX
| | | | - Kofi Quaye
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgeons, Austin, TX
| | | | - Ryan Turley
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Round Rock, TX; Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgeons, Austin, TX
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Chen R, Hua W, Zhang Y, Li Z, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Yang P, Zhang L, Liu J. Modified microcatheter first-pass effect: Enhancing diagnostic accuracy and treatment strategies for ICAS in acute ischemic stroke. J Clin Neurosci 2025; 137:111309. [PMID: 40344817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2025.111309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2025] [Accepted: 05/05/2025] [Indexed: 05/11/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of the modified microcatheter first-pass effect in guiding treatment decisions for ICAS-related occlusions during endovascular therapy (EVT) for AIS. METHODS This study analyzed data from 31 AIS patients with a positive modified microcatheter first-pass effect from the OCEAN-AIS-EVT REGISTRY collected between July 2023 and January 2024. We evaluated diagnostic accuracy, procedural efficiency, recanalization rates, and safety. RESULTS ICAS was confirmed in all cases. The median age was 69 years, with 61.29 % males. The median NIHSS score was 9, and ASPECTS was 9. Stenosis primarily occurred in the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery (74.19 %). The median puncture-to-recanalization time was 18.92 min. Successful recanalization (eTICI grade 3) was achieved in 87.10 % of cases. Post-procedural hemorrhage occurred in 12.90 % of patients, with symptomatic hemorrhage in 3.23 %. At 90-day follow-up, 80.64 % had an mRS score of 0-2. CONCLUSION The modified microcatheter first-pass effect may serve as a promising preliminary tool for guiding EVT strategy in ICAS-related AIS. By confirming distal vessel patency, it enables direct angioplasty without prior thrombectomy, simplifying the procedure and reducing mechanical manipulation. While this exploratory approach has shown potential to enhance treatment efficiency and improve clinical outcomes, larger-scale prospective studies are needed to further validate these preliminary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rundong Chen
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weilong Hua
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilei Zhang
- Nursing Department, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China; Oriental Pan-Vascular Devices Innovation College, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zifu Li
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjian Zhang
- Oriental Pan-Vascular Devices Innovation College, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongwei Zhang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China; Oriental Pan-Vascular Devices Innovation College, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianmin Liu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China; Oriental Pan-Vascular Devices Innovation College, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
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Pipek LZ, Nascimento RFV, Coronel SI, Baker M, Basto FM, Silva GD. Antithrombotic therapy for secondary stroke prevention in patients with cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2025:10.1007/s00228-025-03847-1. [PMID: 40332574 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-025-03847-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2025] [Accepted: 04/30/2025] [Indexed: 05/08/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of stroke among patients with cancer is two times that of the general population due to a combination of cancer-, chemotherapy-, radiotherapy-, and surgery-related factors. There is a paucity of data regarding the optimal antithrombotic therapy for secondary stroke prevention in these patients. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to review the stroke recurrence in patients treated with different antithrombotic therapies (antiplatelets, warfarin, heparin, and direct oral anticoagulants). Our secondary objective was to review the bleeding risk across different antithrombotic therapies. METHODS A review of the literature was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Articles that adequately assessed secondary prevention of stroke in patients with cancer were selected from the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases from inception until March 2, 2025. We performed a network meta-analysis for stroke recurrence, major bleeding, and mortality. The treatments were ranked by P-SCORE. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on median D-dimer levels, multiple territories of stroke, and exclusion of studies with high risk of bias. RESULTS We included 11 studies (four RCTs, six retrospective studies, and one case series) with a total of 1319 patients. In the primary analysis, antiplatelets were the highest-ranked treatment for reducing stroke recurrence (RR 0.44 [0.20; 0.96]), followed by LMWH (RR 0.50 [0.26; 0.96]), both significantly superior to no treatment. However, LMWH consistently ranked higher than antiplatelets in all subgroup analyses. There was no difference regarding major bleeding or mortality. CONCLUSION Antiplatelets can be considered an option for secondary prevention of stroke in patients with cancer, especially in patients with a higher bleeding risk. Future research with high-quality studies is needed to confirm our preliminary findings and should focus on identifying subgroups of patients with cancer who may benefit most from specific antithrombotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Zumerkorn Pipek
- Division of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Mark Baker
- Division of Neurology, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Fernando Mayor Basto
- Division of Neurology, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Guilherme Diogo Silva
- Division of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Skolarus LE, Bi R, Lin CC, Hassani S, Curran Y, Burke JF. Survivors of Stroke Face Greater Social Risks Than Adults Who Have Not Had a Stroke: Results From a Nationwide Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2025; 14:e040493. [PMID: 40314349 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.124.040493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2025] [Indexed: 05/03/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrating social and medical care is one strategy to promote health equity. Yet, little is known about the prevalence of health-related social risks (social risks) among survivors of stroke. We sought to determine the prevalence of social risks among survivors and to quantify how social risks change after a stroke. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of community-dwelling older adults (age≥65) from the National Health and Aging Trends Survey. Six core social risks were examined: medical financial risks, utility financial risks, housing, nutrition, social isolation, and transportation. We used a Poisson regression model to explore the association of social risks and history of stroke, accounting for sociodemographic factors (age, sex, race or ethnicity, education, income, rurality) and comorbidities. In a separate series analysis, we determined the association between stroke and changes in social risks in a propensity-matched cohort. Of 5834 older adults, 673 were survivors of stroke. In cross-sectional analysis, survivors of stroke were more likely to report social risks than older adults without a history of stroke (54.3% versus 40.2%, P<0.01). The largest difference between survivors of stroke and older adults who have not had a stroke was transportation disadvantage (9.7 versus 4.0, P<0.01). After adjustment, a history of stroke was not associated with social risks (incidence rate ratio, 1.1 [95% CI, 0.9-1.2], P=0.37). In the series analysis, there was no change in the average number of social risks after the stroke among those who had a stroke (incidence rate ratio, 1 [95% CI, 0.9-1.2], P=0.78). After a stroke, social risks were stable in 66.3%, increased in 19.4%, and decreased in 14.3% of stroke survivors. CONCLUSIONS Over half of older adults who have had a stroke report experiencing a social risk, with a 35% higher prevalence compared with older adults who have not had a stroke. Thus, social risks disproportionately affect survivors of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesli E Skolarus
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL USA
| | - Ran Bi
- Department of Neurology Ohio State University Columbus OH USA
| | - Chun Chieh Lin
- Department of Neurology Ohio State University Columbus OH USA
| | - Sara Hassani
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL USA
| | - Yvonne Curran
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL USA
| | - James F Burke
- Department of Neurology Ohio State University Columbus OH USA
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Khan F, Yogendrakumar V, Lun R, Ganesh A, Barber PA, Lioutas VA, Vinding NE, Algra A, Weimar C, Ögren J, Edwards JD, Swartz RH, Ois A, Giralt-Steinhauer E, Khanevski AN, Leng X, Tian X, Leung TW, Park HK, Bae HJ, Kamouchi M, Ago T, Verburgt E, Verhoeven J, de Leeuw FE, Berghout BP, Ikram MK, Kostev K, Whiteley W, Uehara T, Minematsu K, Ildstad F, Fandler-Höfler S, Aarnio K, von Sarnowski B, Foschi M, Jing J, Baik M, Kim YD, Spampinato MD, Hasegawa Y, Perera K, Purroy F, Dutta D, Yang X, Lippert J, Myers L, Bravata DM, Santos M, Coveney S, Garcia-Esperon C, Levi CR, Lorenzetti DL, Vatanpour S, Wang Y, Albers GW, Lavallee P, Amarenco P, Coutts SB, Hill MD. Long-Term Risk of Stroke After Transient Ischemic Attack or Minor Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA 2025; 333:1508-1519. [PMID: 40136306 PMCID: PMC11947970 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2025.2033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2025] [Indexed: 03/27/2025]
Abstract
Importance After a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke, the long-term risk of stroke is not well-known. Objective To determine the annual incidence rates and cumulative incidences of stroke up to 10 years after TIA or minor stroke. Data Sources MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from inception through June 26, 2024. Study Selection Prospective or retrospective cohort studies reporting stroke risk during a minimum follow-up of 1 year in patients with TIA or minor stroke. Data Extraction and Synthesis Two reviewers independently performed data extraction and assessed study quality. Unpublished aggregate-level data on number of events and person-years during discrete follow-up intervals were obtained directly from the authors of the included studies to calculate incidence rates in individual studies. Data across studies were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was any stroke. Study-level characteristics were investigated as potential sources of variability in stroke rates across studies. Results The analysis involved 171 068 patients (median age, 69 years [IQR, 65-71]; median proportion of male patients, 57% [IQR, 52%-60%]) from 38 included studies. The pooled rate of stroke per 100 person-years was 5.94 events (95% CI, 5.18-6.76; 38 studies; I2 = 97%) in the first year, 1.80 events (95% CI, 1.58-2.04; 25 studies; I2 = 90%) annually in the second through fifth years, and 1.72 events (95% CI, 1.31-2.18; 12 studies; I2 = 84%) annually in the sixth through tenth years. The 5- and 10-year cumulative incidence of stroke was 12.5% (95% CI, 11.0%-14.1%) and 19.8% (95% CI, 16.7%-23.1%), respectively. Stroke rates were higher in studies conducted in North America (rate ratio [RR], 1.43 [95% CI, 1.36-1.50]) and Asia (RR, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.52-1.73]), compared with Europe, in cohorts recruited in or after 2007 (RR, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.23-1.64]), and in studies that used active vs passive outcome ascertainment methods (RR, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.07-1.17]). Studies focusing solely on patients with TIA (RR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.65-0.71) or first-ever index events (RR, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.42-0.49]) had lower stroke rates than studies with an unselected patient population. Conclusions and Relevance Patients who have had a TIA or minor stroke are at a persistently high risk of subsequent stroke. Findings from this study underscore the need for improving long-term stroke prevention measures in this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Khan
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vignan Yogendrakumar
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ronda Lun
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aravind Ganesh
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Philip A Barber
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vasileios-Arsenios Lioutas
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Naja Emborg Vinding
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ale Algra
- Julius Center and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Weimar
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Joachim Ögren
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Östersund, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jodi D Edwards
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard H Swartz
- University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angel Ois
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Xinyi Leng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuan Tian
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Thomas W Leung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong-Kyun Park
- Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Masahiro Kamouchi
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ago
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Esmee Verburgt
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute for Medical Research and Innovation, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jamie Verhoeven
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute for Medical Research and Innovation, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Frank-Erik de Leeuw
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute for Medical Research and Innovation, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bernhard P Berghout
- Departments of Epidemiology and Neurology, Erasmus-MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Kamran Ikram
- Departments of Epidemiology and Neurology, Erasmus-MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - William Whiteley
- Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Population Health Research Institute and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Toshiyuki Uehara
- Hyogo Prefectural Harima-Himeji General Medical Center, Himeji, Japan
| | | | - Fredrik Ildstad
- Department of Medicine, Stroke Unit, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Karoliina Aarnio
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Matteo Foschi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Jing Jing
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Minyoul Baik
- Department of Neurology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Young Dae Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | - Kanjana Perera
- Population Health Research Institute and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francisco Purroy
- Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida, University of Lleida, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Dipankar Dutta
- Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Gloucester, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Department of Neurology, Pulmonary Medicine, Allergology, and Clinical Immunology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julian Lippert
- Department of Neurology, Pulmonary Medicine, Allergology, and Clinical Immunology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laura Myers
- Department of Veterans Affairs Health Systems Research, Centre for Health Information and Communication, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Dawn M Bravata
- Department of Veterans Affairs Health Systems Research, Centre for Health Information and Communication, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Monica Santos
- Hospital Santa Maria/Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sarah Coveney
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Christopher R Levi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Diane L Lorenzetti
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine and Health Sciences Library, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shabnam Vatanpour
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gregory W Albers
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University Medical Centre, Palo Alto, California
| | - Philippa Lavallee
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Amarenco
- Population Health Research Institute and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Shelagh B Coutts
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael D Hill
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Departments of Community Health Sciences, Radiology, and Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Park H, Kim BM, Kim JW, Kim JW, Baek JH, Kim DJ, Kim MJ, Yoon S, Jang CK, Kim S, Heo J, Lee JK, Lim IH, Heo JH, Nam HS, Kim YD. Long-Term Outcome of Rescue Stenting for Acute Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis-Related Large Vessel Occlusion in the Anterior Circulation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2025; 46:936-942. [PMID: 39578107 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a8598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 11/10/2024] [Indexed: 11/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Rescue stent (RS) is an accepted rescue option after failed mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute ischemic stroke due to intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS)-related large vessel occlusion (LVO). However, the long-term outcomes (≥12 months) of RS have not yet been elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the data of 154 patients with RS for ICAS-related LVO, which were identified from a prospectively maintained multicenter database of RS after MT failure, to assess good outcome (mRS 0-2), mortality, stroke recurrence, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH), and stent patency. RESULTS Among 154 patients, successful recanalization was achieved in 132 (85.7%) after RS. Clinical follow-up was available in 148 patients at 3 months, of whom 126 were followed longer than 12 months. Good outcome was observed in 53.4% (79/148) at 3 months and 53.2% (67/126) at the final assessment among survivors (median, 33; interquartile range [IQR], 13-91 months). The overall incidence of mortality was 16.2% (24/148). Mortality occurred in 8.8% (13/148) of patients at 3 months and 8.7% (11/126) thereafter, respectively. Stroke recurrence was 0.7% (1/148) within 3 months and 3.2% (4/126) thereafter. The overall incidence of SICH was 9.5% (14/148). SICH occurred in 8.8% (13/148) within the first 3 months and in 0.8% (1/126) thereafter. The stented vessel was patent in 81.1% (99/122) at the first follow-up (median, 3; IQR, 1-125 months) and 96.7% (89/92) at the final follow-up (median, 18; IQR, 13-68 months). CONCLUSIONS Patients with RS for ICAS-LVO showed a low stroke recurrence rate in the long-term. The long-term patency of RS appears to remain durable, particularly when it remained patent during the initial follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungjong Park
- From the Department of Neurology (H.P.), Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Byung Moon Kim
- Interventional Neuroradiology (B.M.K., D.J.K.), Department of Radiology, Severance Stroke Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Whee Kim
- Department of Radiology (J.-W.K.), Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea
| | - Jin Woo Kim
- Department of Radiology (Jin Woo K.), Yonsei University Wonju Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Neurology (J.-H.B.), Kangbook Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Joon Kim
- Interventional Neuroradiology (B.M.K., D.J.K.), Department of Radiology, Severance Stroke Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Jeoung Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery (M.J.K.), Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Yoon
- Department of Neurosurgery (S.Y.), Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Chang Ki Jang
- Department of Neurosurgery (C.K.J.), Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea
| | - Sunghan Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery (S.K.), Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea
| | - JoonNyung Heo
- Department of Neurology (J.H., J.H.H., H.S.N., Y.D.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Keun Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery (J.-K.L.), Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Hwan Lim
- Department of Neurology (I.H.L.), Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
| | - Ji Hoe Heo
- Department of Neurology (J.H., J.H.H., H.S.N., Y.D.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Suk Nam
- Department of Neurology (J.H., J.H.H., H.S.N., Y.D.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Dae Kim
- Department of Neurology (J.H., J.H.H., H.S.N., Y.D.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Huang X, Zhang T, Feng Y, Li X, Liu K, Zhao W. Platelet aggregation rate serves as a significant predictive indicator for thromboembolic events in the context of stent-assisted embolization for unruptured arterial aneurysms. Front Neurol 2025; 16:1538753. [PMID: 40376153 PMCID: PMC12078147 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2025.1538753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2025] [Indexed: 05/18/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Perioperative cerebrovascular thromboembolic events are serious complications of stent-assisted embolization (SAE) for unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs). To date, there have been no definitive clinical trial results to effectively predict and prevent the occurrence of this complication. This study aims to elucidate the correlation between platelet aggregation rate (PAR) and thromboembolic events (TEs), with the goal of predicting the occurrence of cerebrovascular TEs in these patients. Methods In this retrospective, single-center cohort study, we included 704 cases of unruptured intracranial aneurysms treated with stent-assisted intervention from 2016 to 2020. Cerebrovascular TEs were defined as cerebral ischemic events occurring within 7 days before or after the interventional procedure. Light Transmission Aggregometry (LTA) was used to detect PAR in patients. Clinical data, including patients' demographic information and perioperative PAR, were collected. Multivariate analysis was conducted to examine the correlation between these factors and the occurrence of TEs. Additionally, Lasso regression was employed to select clinical indicators associated with perioperative TEs. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were generated for prognostic indicators such as PAR, with the optimal cutoff value determined. A nomogram was then simulated, and predictive accuracy of the model was evaluated using Decision Curve Analysis (DCA). Results A total of 562 patients were included in the final analysis. Significant differences were observed in the incidence of thrombosis between the control group and the experimental group (9.38% vs. 4.96%). The ROC curve of platelet aggregation index, highly correlated with prognosis and derived from Lasso regression, identified the optimal cutoff value for the maximum preoperative PAR as 19.81. A nomogram was constructed based on selected clinical baseline data, and its calibration was assessed using data from the prediction group. The net benefit of the experimental group model's DCA curve was significantly improved. Conclusion For patients undergoing SAE for UIAs, utilizing PAR and other indicators as reference standards for treatment results in better prognosis compared to empirical treatment based on guidelines. Guiding antiplatelet therapy using PAR and other indicators is both meaningful and beneficial to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingbao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Sino-Italian Ascula Brain Science Joint Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Cascio Rizzo A, Schwarz G, Paolucci M, Cavallini A, Mazzacane F, Candelaresi P, De Mase A, Marcheselli S, Straffi L, Poretto V, Giometto B, Diomedi M, Bagnato MR, Zedde M, Grisendi I, Petruzzellis M, Galotto D, Morotti A, Padovani A, Bonaffini N, Cupini LM, Caso V, Bossi F, Fanciulli C, Viola MM, Persico A, Spina E, Falcou A, Pantoni L, Mele F, Silvestrini M, Viticchi G, Pilato F, Cappellari M, Anticoli S, La Spina P, Sessa M, Toni D, Zini A, Agostoni EC. Patterns and predictors of statin therapy after ischemic stroke and TIA: insights from the LIPYDS multicenter study. Neurol Sci 2025; 46:2183-2194. [PMID: 39804538 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07969-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 12/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with ischemic stroke (IS) or TIA face an elevated cardiovascular risk, warranting intensive lipid-lowering therapy. Despite recommendations, adherence to guidelines is suboptimal, leading to frequent undertreatment. This study aims to evaluate the statin use after IS and TIA. METHODS LIPYDS is a multicenter, observational, retrospective study including ≥ 18-year-old patients discharged after IS/TIA from 19 Italian centers in 2021. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine (1) the association between statin prescription (Any-statin versus No-statin), type (High-Intensity-statin versus Other-statin [Moderate/Low-Intensity]) with stroke etiology (TOAST), (2) clinical variables independently associated with statin prescription in the entire cohort and within TOAST categories. RESULTS We included 3,740 patients (median age 75 [IQR 64-82]; median LDL-C 104 [IQR 79-131]). At discharge, 1,971 (52.7%) received a High-intensity-statin, 800 (21.4%) Other-statin, 969 (25.9%) No-statin therapy. Among patients not on statin therapy before the event (N = 2686 [71.8%]), 50.1% initiated High-intensity-statin (78.2% of those with Large-Artery-Atherosclerosis, 60.8% Small-Vessel-Disease, 34.7% Cardioembolic, 47.4% Undetermined etiology); in 33% the decision to abstain from initiating statin therapy persisted. Large-Artery-Atherosclerosis showed the strongest association with Any-statin (aOR 3.07 [95%CI 2.39-3.95], p < 0.001) and High-intensity-statin (aOR 4.51 [95%CI 3.39-6.00], p < 0.001), while Cardioembolic stroke showed an inverse association (respectively, aOR 0.36 [95%CI 0.31-0.43], p < 0.001 and aOR 0.52 [95%CI 0.44-0.62], p < 0.001). Stepwise regression highlighted LDL-C and previous statin therapy as consistent predictors of statin at discharge. Older patients and women were less likely to be on a high-intensity formulation. CONCLUSION Statins, especially at high-intensity, are under-prescribed after IS and TIA, with older patients, women and those with non-atherosclerotic strokes being the most affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Cascio Rizzo
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, Milan, 20162, Italy.
| | - Ghil Schwarz
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, Milan, 20162, Italy
| | - Matteo Paolucci
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Cavallini
- Department of Emergency Neurology and Stroke Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federico Mazzacane
- Department of Emergency Neurology and Stroke Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Candelaresi
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, A.O.R.N. Antonio Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio De Mase
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, A.O.R.N. Antonio Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Marcheselli
- Neurologia d'Urgenza e Stroke Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano-Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Straffi
- Neurologia d'Urgenza e Stroke Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano-Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Poretto
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, APSS Ospedale Santa Chiara, Trento, Italy
| | - Bruno Giometto
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, APSS Ospedale Santa Chiara, Trento, Italy
| | - Marina Diomedi
- Stroke center, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Bagnato
- Stroke center, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Zedde
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Grisendi
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Debora Galotto
- Stroke Unit, AOU Consorziale Policlinico Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Morotti
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | - Valeria Caso
- Stroke Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Bossi
- Stroke Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristiano Fanciulli
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Maddalena Viola
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Persico
- Department of Emergency Neurology and Stroke Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Emanuele Spina
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, A.O.R.N. Antonio Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Anne Falcou
- Stroke Unit, Emergency Department, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Pantoni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Neurology and Stroke Unit, University of Milan, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Mele
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Neurology and Stroke Unit, University of Milan, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Fabio Pilato
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, and Psychiatry, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Manuel Cappellari
- Stroke Unit, DAI di Neuroscienze, Borgo Trento Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Sabrina Anticoli
- Stroke Unit, Head, Neck and Neuroscience Department, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo La Spina
- U.O.S.D. Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Sessa
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, Milan, 20162, Italy
| | - Danilo Toni
- Emergency Department Stroke Unit, Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Zini
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elio Clemente Agostoni
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, Milan, 20162, Italy
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Warach SJ, Davis LA, Lawrence P, Gajewski B, Wick J, Shi F, Shang TT, Olson DM, Prasad S, Birnbaum L, Richardson JM, Savitz SI, Goldberg MP, Cruz-Flores S, Alba I, Anderson J, Kimmel B, Venkatasubba Rao CP, King B, Dula AN, Milling TJ. Optimal Delay Time to Initiate Anticoagulation After Ischemic Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation: A Pragmatic, Response-Adaptive Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol 2025; 82:470-476. [PMID: 40163159 PMCID: PMC11959473 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2025.0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2025] [Indexed: 04/02/2025]
Abstract
Importance Clinical practice guidelines recommend initiation of anticoagulation within 2 weeks after stroke with atrial fibrillation. It is unknown whether there is an optimal starting day within the 14-day period that balances the risks of recurrent embolic events against serious hemorrhagic events. Objective To determine if there is an optimal delay time to initiate treatment with a direct oral anticoagulant after atrial fibrillation-related stroke that minimizes the risk of a composite outcome of ischemic or hemorrhagic events. Design, Setting, and Participants This phase 2, pragmatic, response-adaptive randomized clinical trial was conducted between June 2017 and June 2023 at acute care hospitals in Texas and included patients who had a mild to moderate ischemic stroke (minimum lesion diameter of 1.5 cm) with atrial fibrillation and were prescribed a direct oral anticoagulant within 2 weeks from stroke onset. Intervention Within 3 to 4 days after atrial fibrillation-associated ischemic stroke, patients were randomized to a group for treatment start date (group 1 was day 3 or 4 after stoke onset; group 2 was day 6; group 3 was day 10; and group 4 was day 14) with a direct oral anticoagulant for secondary stroke prevention. Main Outcomes and Measures The composite primary outcome was an ischemic (stroke or systemic embolism) or hemorrhagic (symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage or major systemic hemorrhage) event observed within 30 days from the index stroke time of onset. Posterior probabilities were used to estimate which timing groups were optimal for treatment initiation and were recalculated at predefined intervals. The randomization allocations were adjusted to favor the groups with higher probabilities. Results The trial enrolled and randomized 200 patients (50% were female; the median age was 75 years [IQR, 65-81 years]; 17.5% were Asian, Black, or >1 race; 16.5% were Hispanic; the median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 6.5 [IQR, 4-14]; and the median lesion diameter was 3.1 cm [IQR, 2.0-4.4 cm]). No ischemic events were observed for group 1, 3 events were observed for group 2, 2 events were observed for group 3, and 2 events were observed for group 4. One hemorrhagic event was observed for group 1, 1 event was observed for group 2, 1 event was observed for group 3, and 0 events were observed for group 4. Group 1 had a posterior probability of 0.41 for being the optimal day for treatment initiation and it was 0.26 for group 2, 0.17 for group 3, and 0.15 for group 4. The use of response-adaptive randomization was feasible and favored groups with earlier initiation times for use of a direct oral anticoagulant. Conclusions and Relevance A clearly superior day to initiate use of a direct oral anticoagulant for secondary stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation was not identified, but the evidence suggests that initiating use of a direct oral anticoagulant earlier is better than at later times within the first 2 weeks after stroke onset. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03021928.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jo Wick
- Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City
| | - Fred Shi
- Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City
| | - Ty T. Shang
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Israel Alba
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso
| | - Jane Anderson
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Ben King
- Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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Tang T, Zhou J, Thomas AM, Li D, Li S. A systematic review of application of frequency-domain optical coherence tomography in cerebral large artery atherosclerosis. Neuroradiology 2025; 67:1139-1151. [PMID: 40278846 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-025-03625-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2025] [Accepted: 04/15/2025] [Indexed: 04/26/2025]
Abstract
AIMS Frequency-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) is an emerging intravascular imaging modality that offers exceptional spatial resolution in interventional neuroradiology. We aimed to systematically review clinical studies on the applications of FD-OCT in cerebral large artery atherosclerosis (LAA). METHODS A systematic literature review of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library was conducted to identify eligible studies published before 1 March, 2025. Eligible studies included all clinical articles written in English that reported the applications of FD-OCT in patients diagnosed with LAA. RESULTS A total of 50 studies with 1134 patients were included. FD-OCT was considered to be a feasible intravascular imaging modality as successful imaging could be achieved in 87.0% of patients with a 1.2% periprocedural complication rate. Unsuccessful FD-OCT imaging was attributed primarily to its current limitations, particularly inadequate blood clearance and failure to navigate the tortuous cerebrovascular anatomy or stenosis. The majority of the included studies (35/50) employed FD-OCT to evaluate extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. FD-OCT could better stratify subsequent stroke risk by adequately identifying features of plaque vulnerability such as thin-cap fibroatheroma, neovascularization, and cholesterol crystal. Through accurately assessing stent-vessel interaction, FD-OCT has the potential to guide the selection of tailored interventions during carotid artery stenting. Recent research (10/50) has shown its potential utility for intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis, including culprit lesion differentiation, peri-intervention evaluation, and mechanistic insight into pathophysiology of stenosis and in-stent restenosis. As for acute ischemic stroke, FD-OCT following thrombectomy can potentially guide the selection of tailored adjunctive treatments to optimize clinical outcomes by assessing the intrinsic properties of the culprit lesion. CONCLUSIONS FD-OCT has emerged as a valuable intravascular imaging tool for evaluating the intrinsic properties of culprit lesions and stent-vessel interactions, showing substantial potential in the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of cerebral LAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tang
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Aline M Thomas
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Di Li
- Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Shen Li
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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50
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Li Y, Du X, Wu Y, Xu X, Chen S, Cao Z, Wang J, Huang Y, Rong S, Zhong VW. Estimates and projections in the economic impacts of fifteen dietary risk factors for two hundred four countries and territories from 2020 to 2050: A health-augmented macroeconomic modeling study. Am J Clin Nutr 2025; 121:1099-1108. [PMID: 40054623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2025] [Accepted: 03/02/2025] [Indexed: 03/25/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suboptimal diet results in significant health and economic burdens. However, the global economic costs of dietary risks remain unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to estimate the macroeconomic burden of 15 dietary risk factors in 204 countries and territories from 2020 to 2050. METHODS This health-augmented macroeconomic modeling study assessed the macroeconomic burden that accounted for the decrease in labor supply across different education levels due to mortality and morbidity, as well as the impact of healthcare expenses on investment and savings. Country-specific data were drawn from publicly accessible databases. The cumulative difference in the aggregate output between a realistic scenario without intervention and a counterfactual scenario assuming complete disease elimination was quantified as the macroeconomic burden attributable to diseases. The proportion of disease burden attributed to dietary risk factors was quantified using population-attributable fractions derived from the global burden of disease study 2019, which was integrated into the health-augmented macroeconomic model. Estimates were converted to 2017 international dollars (INT $). RESULTS The estimated global macroeconomic burden attributable to dietary risks from 2020 to 2050 was INT $15,491 [uncertainty interval 13078, 18742] billion, representing 0.34% (uncertainty interval 0.29%, 0.41%) of the total gross domestic product. The macroeconomic burden was unevenly distributed across countries, regions, income groups, disease types, and dietary risk factors. The United States (INT $3972 billion), China (INT $2764 billion), and India (INT $1300 billion) had the largest macroeconomic burden. Ischemic heart disease (INT $9384 billion), diabetes (INT $2392 billion), and stroke (INT $1954 billion) accounted for ∼90% of the overall macroeconomic burden. A diet low in whole grains (INT $3808 billion) incurred the highest cost, followed by a diet high in sodium (INT $2812 billion) and red meat (INT $2337 billion). CONCLUSIONS The global macroeconomic burden attributable to dietary risks was substantial and varied across countries, regions, income groups, disease types, and individual dietary risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xihao Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiping Wu
- School of Public Economics and Administration, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyun Xu
- School of International Trade and Economics, Anhui University of Finance and Economics, Bengbu, China
| | - Simiao Chen
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Cao
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jingxuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Rong
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Victor W Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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