• atypical granular cell tumor
• histopathology
• malignant granular cell tumor

• Atypical
• Calf
• Granular cell tumor
• mri

Granular cell tumor (GCT) of the breast (GCTB) is a rare neoplasm that can exhibit malignant characteristics both clinically and radiologically. This tumor can also coexist and colocalize with breast carcinoma.

We present a patient with this uncommon tumor and discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in order to further the knowledge of GCTB and prevent misdiagnosis and overtreatment. The characteristics of the tumor, methods of diagnosis, therapy and postoperative pathological outcomes were analyzed, and relevant literatures of GCTs were reviewed. The patient underwent surgery after core needle biopsy, and the excised neoplasm was sent for pathological examination. Histological analysis revealed nests of cells with abundant pink granular cytoplasm, confirming the diagnosis of GCTB.

As manifestations of GCT and malignancy can mimic each other, a careful histological examination is essential before major surgery. Treatment consisting of complete excision with close clinical follow-up is recommended.

• Granular cell tumor
• Breast
• Neoplasm
• Tumor
• Literature review
• Case report

• connexin 43
• granular cell tumor
• immunohistochemistry

• Case report
• Excision
• Granular cell tumor
• Neck
• Recurrence

Granular cell tumor (GCT) is a neurogenic tumor mainly occurring in the head and neck. GCT in the genitourinary system is extremely rare and only sporadic cases of urinary bladder GCT have been reported. Most urinary bladder GCT cases are benign and only two malignant cases have been reported. Due to its rarity, no consensus criteria for the treatment of urinary bladder GCT are available at present.

A 62-year-old Chinese woman was found to have a urinary bladder tumor without any clinical manifestations on physical examination. Cystoscopy revealed a semispherical shaped lesion measuring approximately 4.0 cm in diameter at the junction of the left wall and roof of the bladder, which was covered with normal bladder mucosa. Computed tomography scan demonstrated a high-density lesion on the left wall of the bladder, measuring approximately 2.9 cm × 2.4 cm with clear boundaries. Contrast-enhanced pelvic magnetic resonance imaging revealed a space-occupying lesion on the left wall of the bladder (non-mucosal origin/ external pressure), which was preliminarily suspected to be a desmoplastic fibroma or leiomyoma. In the context of the above findings, a pre-operative diagnosis of bladder leiomyoma was made. The patient consequently underwent a laparoscopic partial cystectomy. The resected bladder mass looked yellowish and well-demarcated, measuring 4.0 cm × 3.5 cm and infiltrated the muscular layer. The diagnosis of urinary bladder GCT was finally made by postoperative pathology, with positive immunohistochemical S-100 staining and negative pancytokeratin. The patient has been followed for 6 mo so far, with no tumor recurrence detected.

This case highlights the biological feature and differential diagnosis of urinary bladder GCT at the pathological and molecular levels. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor and partial cystectomy are recommended in most urinary bladder GCT cases, while radical cystectomy is recommended in malignant cases.

• Granular cell tumor
• Bladder
• Partial cystectomy
• Immunohistochemistry
• Case report

• Abrikossoff‘s tumor
• Granular cell tumor
• Treatment
• Vulvar

• Exophytic
• granular cell tumor
• immunohistochemistry
• tongue

• GCT, granular cell tumor

• Criteria
• Differential diagnosis
• Granular cell tumor
• Histiocytosis
• Pathology
• Prognosis

• Benign tumor
• Breast
• Breast cancer
• Breast mass
• Carcinoma
• Differential diagnosis
• Granular cell tumor
• Overtreatment
• Scirrhous tumor

Transcription factor E3 (TFE3) is a useful marker for tumors with Xp11.2 translocation, including alveolar soft part sarcoma and renal cell carcinoma. Recently, TFE3 overexpression was also found in granular cell tumors (GrCTs). However, the case cohorts of these two studies were limited to only 11 and 6 cases. Whether aberrant TFE3 expression is a common feature of Asian patients with GrCT requires further investigation. In the present study, immunohistochemical staining and TFE3 break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay were performed in 45 samples of GrCTs obtained from Chinese patients recruited from three medical centers in northeast China. Diffusive and marked nuclear staining for TFE3 was identified in 11/45 (24%) cases, which was lower than previously reported. Focal or weak TFE3 staining was identified in 13/45 (29%) cases. The remaining 21 cases were negative stained. In addition, GrCTs in subcutaneous tissue exhibited a relatively higher ratio (8/45, 18%) for TFE3 expression, compared with those in other sites. Furthermore, according to FISH data, no rearrangement or amplification of TFE3 was identified in these cases, whether they were positively or negatively stained for TFE3. The results from the present study demonstrated that part of patients GrCTs exhibited TFE3 overexpression, which suggested that this may not be derived from gene rearrangement.

• FISH
• TFE3
• gene rearrangement
• granular cell tumor
• immunohistochemistry

• SEER
• cutaneous malignancy
• disparities
• epidemiology
• granular cell tumors
• outcomes

• Case report
• Giant cell lesion
• Granular cell tumour

Granular cell tumor (GCT) is a rare benign neoplasm of the skin that accounts for 0.5% of all soft-tissue tumors. The tumor mostly presents with a symptomatic slowly growing solitary nodule and overlying normal skin; therefore, it is not always considered in the differential diagnosis. Here, we report a 58-year-old female patient who presented with a 4-year history of a slowly growing mass, with a dimension of 5 × 4 cm on her left waist, diagnosed as a GCT at the histopathological examination. The neoplastic cells had centrally located nuclei and granular eosinophilic cytoplasm and stained positively for S100, neuron-specific enolase, and CD68 antibodies. Fifteen months after surgery, the patient still showed no signs of local recurrence or metastases. Although a large diameter is a feature of malignant GCT, our case with cutaneous GCT was localized on the trunk and did not present malignant features clinically and histopathologically.

• Granular cell tumor
• Soft-tissue tumors

Granular cell tumors (GCTs) were firstly described by Weber in 1854 and 70 years later by Abrikossoff and classified as benign tumors. Originally considered muscle tumors, they have been identified as neural lesions, due to their close association with nerve and to their immunohystochemical characteristics.

GCTs are uncommon tumors and they may arise in any part of the body; they have been mainly observed in tongue, chest wall and upper extremities; less frequent sites are larynx, gastrointestinal tract, breast, pituitary stalk and the female anogenital region.

Here we report a case of GCT showing an uncommon localization such as the upper third of the right rectus muscle of the abdominal wall.

A 45 year-old woman of Caucasian origin presented to the surgeon with a 6-month history of light pain in the upper third of the abdominal wall.

Radiological exams (Ultrasonography, Computed Tomography and Contrast magnetic resonance imaging) showed a localized in the right rectus abdominis muscle.

After excision, histological and immunohystochemical analysis, with the support of electron microscopy, allowed making diagnosis of granular cell tumor.

After fist description by Abrikosoff in 1926 of GCT like mesenchymal tumor of unknown origin, in recent years immunohystochemical techniques definitely demonstrated the histogenetic derivation of GCT from Schwann cells.

Granular cell tumors are rare, small, slow-growing, solitary and painless subcutaneous nodules which behave in a benign fashion, but can have a tendency to recur; in rare cases they can metastasize, when they became malignant; there are some clinical and histological criteria to suspect the malignance of this tumor.

It is important that clinicians, radiologists and pathologists are aware of the clinical presentation and histopathology of GCT for appropriate management, counselling and follow-up. In our case we had a complete radiological, morphological and immunohystochemical characterization of the lesion and a definitive diagnosis of benignity confirmed by electron microscopy.

Granular cell tumor is rare and accounts for approximately 0.5 % of all soft tissue tumors. The malignant granular cell tumor, especially cutaneous malignant granular cell tumor is extremely rare. The present case is the first patient of primary cutaneous malignant granular cell tumor reported from China in English. A review of the literature is performed, and the presentation, position, pathological diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the patients with cutaneous malignant granular cell tumor of the reported cases before is analysed.

• Head
• Leg
• Neck
• Tongue
• Tumor

Granular cell tumors (GCTs) are uncommon soft tissue tumors, which are difficult to diagnose merely on clinical examination. Being an effective first-line investigation, the fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) plays a significant role in its pre-operative recognition. However, as the tumor is likely to mimic certain other lesions, a cytopathologist needs to be aware of its characteristic cytomorphology. We report two cases of GCT who presented with subcutaneous swellings in the left lower back and the right-sided anterior abdominal wall for 6 and 2 months, respectively. Both the patients had a clinical diagnosis of lipoma/neurofibroma. FNAC was done in both. In the first case a cytodiagnosis of xanthogranuloma was suggested and GCT in the second. Subsequent histologic examination of both showed features of GCT. FNAC would aid in presumptive diagnosis of GCT.

• Fine-needle aspiration cytology
• granular cell
• preoperative diagnosis
• tumor
• xanthogranuloma

• Case report
• Granular cell tumor
• Vulva

Primary tumors of the brachial plexus region are rare and granular cell tumors arising from the brachial plexus region is an extremely rare disease. We present a case of granular cell tumor arising from of the brachial plexus which appeared to be a usual presentation of nerve sheath tumor before the pathological confirmation. We report a granular cell tumor of the brachial plexus with literature review. Total resection is important for good clinical outcome and prognosis in the treatment of granular cell tumor.

• Brachial plexus
• Granular cell tumor

Cancer complicates approximately 0.1% of all pregnancies. Primary tracheal carcinoma is one of very rarely seen tumors and the rate of its being seen makes up approximately % 0.2 of all tumors of respiratory tract. The patient, 28 years old, who has 28-weeks-pregnant, was diagnosed with primary tracheal adenocystic carcinoma. Patient was made operation as thoracotomy and tracheal tumor was removed at the 28^th week of pregnancy. Patient was delivered with sectio abdominale at the 39^th week of pregnancy. Primary tracheal adenocystic carcinoma is very rarely seen tumors and it is the first tracheal ACC with pregnancy case in literature to have been detected and surgically treated during pregnancy. We discussed primary tracheal adenocystic carcinoma and tracheal tumors during pregnancy with literature.

• adenocystic carcinoma
• malignancy
• pregnancy.
• tracheal tumors