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1
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Shi G, Ye X, Yang F, Wang Z, Ma X. Hepatic squamous cell carcinoma initially presenting as cholecystitis misdiagnosed as cholangiocarcinoma: A case report. Oncol Lett 2025; 29:3. [PMID: 39492928 PMCID: PMC11526296 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the liver (PSCCL) is a rare intrahepatic primary tumor. Due to a lack of distinctive clinical presentations and radiological features, early diagnosis is challenging. The present study, describes a patient who initially presented with symptoms indicative of cholecystitis but was misdiagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma. It is hypothesized that fluctuations in carcinoembryonic antigen levels during laboratory tests can significantly aid the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of tumors. Furthermore, imaging studies are essential for the early diagnosis of PSCCL and the exclusion of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Shi
- Department of Radiology, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
| | - Xinhan Ye
- Department of Radiology, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
| | - Fangjia Yang
- Department of Radiology, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Radiology, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Ma
- Department of Radiology, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
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2
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Lyagoubi M, Mehdaoui C, Haloui A, Karish N, Ismaili Z, Bennani A. Primary Hepatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e63803. [PMID: 39099991 PMCID: PMC11297720 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.63803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the liver, a notably uncommon type of cancer, is frequently linked with diverse hepatic conditions including hepatic cysts, hepatolithiasis, and hepatic teratoma. Literature indicates that only approximately 30 cases of primary SCC of the liver have been documented. Herein, we report a 54-year-old previously healthy patient who was presented with cholangitis symptoms. Examinations revealed normal vitals. However, deranged liver function with transaminitis and hyperbilirubinemia were noticed. A CT scan showed a hepatic mass with bile duct dilation. Biopsy confirmed hepatic squamous cell carcinoma, leading to chemotherapy treatment. Despite treatment, the survival outcomes for this cancer remain limited, and the prognosis is generally unfavorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Lyagoubi
- Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Oujda, Mohammed 1st University, Oujda, MAR
- Pathology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed 1st University, Oujda, MAR
| | - Chourouq Mehdaoui
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed 1st University, Oujda, MAR
| | - Anass Haloui
- Pathology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed 1st University, Oujda, MAR
| | - Nassira Karish
- Pathology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed 1st University, Oujda, MAR
| | - Zahi Ismaili
- Hepato-Gastroenterology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed 1st University, Oujda, MAR
| | - Amal Bennani
- Anatomopathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Oujda, Mohammed 1st University, Oujda, MAR
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3
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Benhamdane A, Adioui T, Berrag S, Nejjari F, Allaoui M, Tamzaourte M. Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Liver. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2024; 11:004628. [PMID: 38984177 PMCID: PMC11229476 DOI: 10.12890/2024_004628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the liver (SCC) is a rare and challenging pathology. As an aggressive cancer, the prognosis is extremely poor with less than 12 months overall survival. In view of its low prevalence, we report the case of an elderly patient with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the liver. Case description A 74-year-old female, with no pathological history, presented with acute right hypochondrium pain associated with shivering, asthenia and weight loss. We diagnosed primary hepatic squamous cell carcinoma by pathological analysis. Conclusion Primary hepatic squamous cell carcinoma represents a rare malignant tumour with extremely poor prognosis. There is no established treatment protocol for this disease and a multidisciplinary approach is needed to choose the best therapeutic option. LEARNING POINTS Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the liver (SCC) is extremely rare, making each case report valuable to the medical community. Documentation and analysis of these cases are crucial to enriching knowledge of this rare disease.The absence of established treatment protocols for primary SCC of the liver highlights the need for a multidisciplinary approach to determine the best therapeutic options, which could include innovative treatments and clinical trials.The importance of documenting cases like this can help build a knowledge database. This can help identify trends, improve diagnostic and treatment strategies, and potentially lead to standardized treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlame Benhamdane
- Gastro Enterology, Military Hospital of Instruction Mohamed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Tarik Adioui
- Gastro Enterology, Military Hospital of Instruction Mohamed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Sanaa Berrag
- Gastro Enterology, Military Hospital of Instruction Mohamed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fouad Nejjari
- Gastro Enterology, Military Hospital of Instruction Mohamed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Allaoui
- Anatomopathology, Military Hospital of Instruction Mohamed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mouna Tamzaourte
- Gastro Enterology, Military Hospital of Instruction Mohamed V, Rabat, Morocco
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Zhao L, Zhou Y, Ding J, Qin Z, Zhou H, Jing X. Primary hepatic squamous cell carcinoma: case report and systematic review of the literature. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1229936. [PMID: 38239651 PMCID: PMC10795173 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1229936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary hepatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is extremely rare, and only a few dozen cases have been reported to date. It can barely be diagnosed before histopathological examination, which necessitates the exclusion of metastatic tumors. In this case, we present a 60-year-old female patient with no comorbidity. As laboratory tests and imaging examinations were not diagnostic, ultrasonography (US)-guided liver biopsy was performed and eventually revealed a definitive pathological diagnosis of hepatic SCC. After excluding metastasis, the diagnosis of primary hepatic SCC was established, and then chemotherapy and immunotherapy were performed. Additionally, a comprehensive literature search was conducted on primary hepatic SCC using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, and a total of 53 articles were retrieved with a time range from 1972 to 2022. A critical analysis was then performed to evaluate previous literature focusing on the clinical characteristics, imaging features, treatments, and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianmin Ding
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhengyi Qin
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Jing
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
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5
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Almujarkesh MK, Damughatla AR, Bathla J, Sugg K, LaBuda D, Alkassis S, Al Hallak MN. Primary Squamous Cell Biliary Carcinoma With Liver Metastasis Is Rare but Malicious. Gastroenterology Res 2023; 16:276-279. [PMID: 37937226 PMCID: PMC10627356 DOI: 10.14740/gr1637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the liver is quite rare, and to our knowledge, very few cases have been reported in the literature. The exact pathogenesis of the disease is unestablished; however, it is mostly reported to be associated with hepatic cyst, Caroli's disease, hepatolithiasis, hepatic cirrhosis, and hepatic teratoma. We report a case of a 50-year-old woman with no prior medical history initially, who presented with postprandial epigastric and right upper quadrant pain that continued to worsen and was associated with early satiety, nausea, and weight loss of 25 pounds over 2 months, which prompted further evaluation by her primary care physician. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination a month later revealed a large heterogeneous area measuring 8.5 × 2.4 × 7.4 cm in the inferior right hepatic lobe with heterogeneous enhancement and involvement of the gallbladder, concerning for cholangiocarcinoma. Given radiographic findings, she underwent a computed tomography (CT)-guided core biopsy of the liver, which showed a necrotic malignant tumor favoring adenocarcinoma and was also found to have germline BRCA mutation. A positron emission tomography (PET) scan revealed a large partially necrotic fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) avid mass, possibly arising from the gallbladder fossa with an invasion of both lobes of the liver and probable involvement of a portion of the ascending colon. There was no gross evidence of distant metastatic disease. The patient underwent staging laparoscopy prior to initiating chemotherapy, and another biopsy was done, which returned in favor of SCC, with immunohistochemical stains being positive for cytokeratin (CK)19, Ber-EP4 (epithelial antigen recognized by Ber-EP4 antibody), and P40 (DeltaNp63); while negative for CK7, CK20, caudal-type homeobox 2 (CDX-2), paired box 8 (PAX-8), and mucicarmine. The patient started platinum-based chemotherapy due to germline BRCA mutation. However, due to complications associated with therapy and the progression of the disease, the patient eventually chose hospice. Primary SSC remains an unexplored aggressive malignancy that carries an overall poor prognosis. Diagnosis can be challenging and requires high clinical suspicion due to the scarcity in specific laboratory workup. Pathological diagnosis remains the gold standard; however, it also carries its own challenges. Treatment is usually case-oriented, and definitive protocols have yet to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anirudh R. Damughatla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University & Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jasdeep Bathla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University & Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kyle Sugg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University & Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Dana LaBuda
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Samer Alkassis
- Department of Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mohammed Najeeb Al Hallak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University & Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
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6
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Bellefkih FZ, Benchakroun N, Lalya I, Amaoui B, El Kacemi H, Acharki A, El Hfid M, El Mazghi A, Chekrine T, Bouchbika Z, Jouhadi H, Sahraoui S, Tawfiq N, Michalet M. Radiotherapy in the management of rare gastrointestinal cancers: A systematic review. Cancer Radiother 2023; 27:622-637. [PMID: 37500390 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this analysis is to assess radiotherapy's role and technical aspects in an array of rare gastrointestinal (GI) cancers for adult patients. Collection data pertaining to radiotherapy and digestive rare cancers were sourced from Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. Preoperative chemoradiotherapy improved outcomes for patients with esophageal undifferentiated carcinoma compared with esophageal salivary gland types of carcinomas. For rare gastric epithelial carcinoma, perioperative chemotherapy is the common treatment. Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy showed no benefice compared with adjuvant chemotherapy for duodenal adenocarcinoma. Small bowel sarcomas respond well to radiotherapy. By analogy to anal squamous cell carcinoma, exclusive chemoradiotherapy provided better outcomes for patients with rectal squamous cell carcinoma. For anal adenocarcinoma, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, followed by radical surgery, was the most effective regimen. For pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, chemoradiotherapy can be a suitable option as postoperative or exclusive for unresectable/borderline disease. The stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is a promising approach for hepatobiliary malignancy. Radiotherapy is a valuable option in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) for palliative intent, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) resistant disease, and unresectable or residual disease. Involved field (IF) radiotherapy for digestive lymphoma provides good results, especially for gastric extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (MALT). In conclusion, radiotherapy is not an uncommon indication in this context. A multidisciplinary approach is needed for better management of digestive rare cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Z Bellefkih
- Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.
| | - N Benchakroun
- Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco; Association marocaine d'oncologie-radiothérapie (Aoram), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - I Lalya
- Association marocaine d'oncologie-radiothérapie (Aoram), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - B Amaoui
- Association marocaine d'oncologie-radiothérapie (Aoram), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - H El Kacemi
- Association marocaine d'oncologie-radiothérapie (Aoram), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - A Acharki
- Association marocaine d'oncologie-radiothérapie (Aoram), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - M El Hfid
- Association marocaine d'oncologie-radiothérapie (Aoram), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - A El Mazghi
- Association marocaine d'oncologie-radiothérapie (Aoram), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - T Chekrine
- Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Z Bouchbika
- Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - H Jouhadi
- Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - S Sahraoui
- Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco; Association marocaine d'oncologie-radiothérapie (Aoram), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - N Tawfiq
- Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - M Michalet
- Service d'oncologie-radiothérapie, institut du cancer de Montpellier, Fédération d'oncologie-radiothérapie d'Occitanie Méditerranée (Forom), Montpellier, France
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7
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Song Y, Shi J, Zhang X, Qiao M, Sun Z, Tian S. Diagnostic value of imaging modalities in primary squamous cell carcinoma of the liver. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2023; 51:887-897. [PMID: 36930683 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.23447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the liver (PSCCL) is rare. PSCCL's lack of specific clinical manifestations and laboratory tests necessitate preoperative diagnosis via imaging examination. Conventional ultrasound (US) demonstrates a mass with mixed echogenicity, and contrast-enhanced US shows a circular pattern of "fast forward, fast backward or slow backward, high enhancement." Enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed enhancement in the center or edge of the lesion, and the density of the enhanced lesion was lower than that of the liver tissue in the same layer. Positron emission tomography-CT demonstrates an inhomogeneous low-density mass with increased 18F-FDG metabolism. Magnetic resonance imaging shows low signal intensity on T1-weighed images (T1WI) and high signal on T2-weighed images (T2WI). By summarizing the imaging characteristics of PSCCL, this review aims to improve clinicians' understanding of PSCCL and its diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Song
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiahong Shi
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meng Qiao
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhixia Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Siyu Tian
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Ninh KV, Do DH, Hoang T, Tran PH, Nguyen LS, Nguyen NQ. Survival After Resection for Epidermoid Cyst-originated Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Liver: Case Report and Review of the Literature. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2023; 13:182-186. [PMID: 36647418 PMCID: PMC9840083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermoid cyst is a rare type of congenital hepatic cyst. Reports on squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the liver are very limited and mostly have poor outcomes. We present a 45-year-old woman who came to our hospital due to obstructive jaundice caused by an epidermoid cyst-originated SCC. She underwent radical resection and lived for two years without signs of recurrence. The presentation, treatment, pathological results, as well as literature review, are provided below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khai V. Ninh
- Organ Transplantation Center, VietDuc University Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Dang H. Do
- Organ Transplantation Center, VietDuc University Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tuan Hoang
- Organ Transplantation Center, VietDuc University Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Phuong H. Tran
- Organ Transplantation Center, VietDuc University Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Lanh S. Nguyen
- Anatomic Pathology, Cytological Pathology and Forensic Medicine Department, VietDuc University Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nghia Q. Nguyen
- Organ Transplantation Center, VietDuc University Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
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9
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Kang LM, Yu DP, Zheng Y, Zhou YH. Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the liver: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:6744-6749. [PMID: 35979286 PMCID: PMC9294884 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i19.6744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the liver is rare, and is more commonly found in the skin, rectum, cervical or inguinal lymph nodes.
CASE SUMMARY A 73-year-old man had been experiencing right upper quadrant discomfort for some weeks. He had a 50-year history of smoking and drinking. On average, he smoked 20 cigarettes and consumed 200 galcoholdaily. He didn’t have a history of hepatitis or surgery. Fever, vomiting, jaundice, dysuria, chills, and abdominal distention were not observed at the time of admission. Tenderness in the right upper quadrant was found on physical examination, but there was no palpable abdominal mass. No obvious abnormalities in laboratory tests and tumor markers were found. The plasma retention rate of indocyanine green (ICG) at 15 min was 1.35%. Subsequent abdominal ultrasonography showed a mixed echoic mass approximately 3.8 cm diameter in the left caudate lobe of the liver. Abdominal computed tomography confirmed a 3.0 cm × 3.5 cm irregular mass with inhomogeneous density and moderate delayed enhancement in the left caudate lobe of the liver. Laparoscopic left caudate lobectomy was performed to remove the liver mass. Intra-operative findings confirmed a non-cirrhotic liver, with a 3 cm × 3.5 cm white tumor mass in the left caudate lobe with no tumor rupture and no hemoperitoneum. The resection margin was 1.0 cm in width.
CONCLUSION We describe the first case of SCC in the left caudate lobe of the liver, which was successfully treated by surgical resection and postoperative immunotherapy. No tumor recurrence was observed during the 8-mo follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Kang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Puer People's Hospital, Puer 665000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Di-Ping Yu
- Department of Pathology, Puer People's Hospital, Puer 665000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yong Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Puer People's Hospital, Puer 665000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Ya-Hao Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Puer People's Hospital, Puer 665000, Yunnan Province, China
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10
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Rezvani H, Azhdari Tehrani H, Salari S, Feiziazar S, Darnahal M. Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the liver: a case report. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2022; 15:430-434. [PMID: 36762222 PMCID: PMC9876767 DOI: 10.22037/ghfbb.v15i4.2476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the liver is rare and has an extremely poor prognosis. It is very difficult to detect and is sometimes misdiagnosed. It has been reported that male sex, hepatic cyst, hepatolithiasis, hepatic teratoma, and liver cirrhosis may be associated with SCC of the liver. A 67-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with anorexia, weakness, and right upper quadrant abdominal (RUQ) pain. Sonography and an abdominal computed tomography scan revealed a 36 × 34 cm mass in the liver. Pathological analysis of the sample suggested SCC. According to the negative radiographic findings in other major organs, the tumor was considered primary. The patient was treated with surgical resection and followed by palliative care. Our case died 5 months after the initial presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Rezvani
- Department of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Azhdari Tehrani
- Department of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Salari
- Department of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Selda Feiziazar
- Department of Pathology, Emam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Darnahal
- Department of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Xiao J, Ma L, Li J, Yin B, Liang J, Wang J. Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Liver is Rare but Hostile: Case Series and Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:829-837. [PMID: 33542657 PMCID: PMC7853432 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s290523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the liver is an uncommon cancer type. Only dozens of such cases have been reported in the literature. We reviewed three cases with primary SCC of the liver in a single center from January 2013 to October 2019. One case was positive for hepatitis B infection and simultaneously diagnosed with sigmoid adenocarcinoma and liver cyst. The second patient presented with hepatolithiasis. The remaining one had no history of prior liver insult, hepatic infection or any pre-existing hepatic cysts. Two cases had a long survival of more than one year through chemotherapy, or radical surgery plus transarterial chemoembolization. We also found 25 patients with primary hepatic SCC in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database from 1997 to 2016. The median age was 67 years (range 33-87 years). The median overall survival and disease-specific survival were 7.7 months (range 0.0-76.0 months) and 2.0 months (range 0.0-20.0 months), respectively. Furthermore, patients receiving surgery had a longer median OS (20.0 versus 6.0 months, P = 0.016) and DSS (48.0 versus 8.0 months, P = 0.03) than those receiving palliative treatment. Only 20% of all cases survived for more than a year. Although primary SCC of the liver has an unfavorable prognosis, radical surgery and systematic treatment might be helpful for clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjuan Xiao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junwei Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Yin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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12
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Tuminello F, Castiglione D, Broggi G, Vecchio GM, Basile A, Puleo S, Pesce A. Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the liver: an unexpected pathological finding. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2020; 10:17. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-020-00032-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the liver is a very rare cancer requiring a complete diagnostic investigation, as it presents some differences from other primary hepatic malignancies. We describe the case of an elderly patient with primitive squamous cell carcinoma of the liver treated by percutaneous microwave ablation and transarterial chemoembolization.
Case presentation
Although the pathogenesis remains uncertain, a possible transformation of the biliary epithelium caused by chronic inflammation or metaplasia and subsequent malignant transformation of preexisting benign hepatic cysts has been suggested. A critical review of the existing literature was performed by focusing on the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and the suggested therapeutic strategies.
Conclusion
A multidisciplinary approach is needed to face rare hepatic malignancies where there are no clear guidelines.
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Allan M, Asimakidou M, Davenport M. Antenatally-detected liver cysts: Causes and characteristics, indications for intervention. J Pediatr Surg 2020; 55:441-445. [PMID: 31097306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM The prevalence of antenatally-detected hepatic cysts is increasing owing to increased use of maternal ultrasonography (USS). Diagnostic precision, however, is challenging and subsequently there is no clear consensus on postnatal management. The aim of the study was to evaluate the natural history and long-term follow up of congenital simple hepatic cysts. METHODS Single-center review of prospectively-maintained dataset collected over a 25-year period. Data are quoted as median (range). RESULTS In the period 1991-2016, 31 infants presented with an antenatally-detected cyst which, on postnatal imaging, was likely confirmed as a simple parenchymal hepatic cyst. These together with a further infant who presented at 4 days without any antenatal imaging comprised the study group (n = 32). Gestational age at detection was 23 (13-38) weeks. Maximum antenatal cyst diameter was measured at 19 (4-120) mm. Only the largest required percutaneous aspiration at 35 weeks' gestation being associated with polyhydramnios. Postnatally, serial USS was performed alongside MRI/CT or liver scintigraphy if there was diagnostic doubt. Initial maximum cyst diameter was 30 (12-120) mm. Five infants came to surgical intervention and this included excision ± marsupialization (n = 4), and a cyst-jejunostomy en Roux in one child thought to have a connection with the biliary tract on intraoperative cholangiography. The mucosal lining in two cysts showed areas of squamous metaplasia, with one more showing an intact squamous lining probably more consistent with an epidermoid cyst. In the remaining cases (n = 27), all asymptomatic, serial USS showed volume maintenance (n = 16) actual volume regression (n = 4) and resolution (n = 7). Median follow-up in these cases was 42 (4-252) months. CONCLUSION This is the largest case series to date of antenatally-detected simple hepatic cysts. Most can be managed conservatively, and relative regression or resolution is likely. Surgical intervention should be reserved for those: that are large at the outset; show rapid cyst growth - these being typically exophytic in nature; wall irregularity or where there is diagnostic doubt. TYPE OF STUDY Case series. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morven Allan
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK SE5 9RS.
| | - Maria Asimakidou
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK SE5 9RS.
| | - Mark Davenport
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK SE5 9RS.
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Tamaoka K, Tanemura M, Furukawa K, Mikamori M, Saito T, Ohtsuka M, Suzuki Y, Tei M, Kishi K, Yasuoka H, Tsujimoto M, Akamatsu H. Primary Intrahepatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Histological Collision of Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2018; 19:1184-1191. [PMID: 30287803 PMCID: PMC6187985 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.910676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Male, 82 Final Diagnosis: Intrahepatic squamous cell carcinoma Symptoms: None Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Oncology
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Tamaoka
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tanemura
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenta Furukawa
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manabu Mikamori
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuro Saito
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahisa Ohtsuka
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yozo Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Tei
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kishi
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hironao Yasuoka
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tsujimoto
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Akamatsu
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
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Diao M, Li L, Cheng W. Cysto-cholecystostomy: A More Physiological Procedure for Hepatic Cysts with Biliary Communications and Cystic Dilatations of Main Intrahepatic Ducts. World J Surg 2018; 42:2599-2605. [PMID: 29372374 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-018-4491-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatic cysts with biliary communications (HC) and cystic dilatations of main intrahepatic ducts (CIHD) can cause biliary obstruction, cholestasis, stone formation, cholangitis, liver damage and carcinoma. Conventionally, Roux-Y cysto-jejunostomy is employed to manage these conditions. However, it is technically demanding and may be complicated with major biliary disruption and bacteria migration from intestine to intrahepatic duct. We have carried out laparoscopic cysto-cholecystostomies for HC with biliary communication and CIHD and evaluated outcomes. METHODS Twenty patients with HC (n = 10) or CIHD (n = 10) who successfully underwent laparoscopic cysto-cholecystostomies in our center, between September 2010 and March 2017, were reviewed. RESULTS The mean age of the patients at surgery was 2.06 and 2.23 years for HC and CIHD groups, respectively. Eighteen patients were symptomatic, with abdominal pain, fever, vomiting and jaundice. Laboratory results showed abnormal liver functions in 8 patients. Pathological results verified hepatic cellular damages in 8 patients. The mean operative time was 0.97 and 0.92 h for HC and CIHD patients, respectively. The median follow-up duration was 27 months (1-54 months) and 35 months (1-79 months) for HC and CIHD groups, respectively. No patient developed bile leak, anastomotic stenosis, stone formation or cholangitis. Liver function normalized postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS Laparoscopic cysto-cholecystostomy is a simpler and more physiological surgical alternative for managing HC with biliary communication and CIHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Diao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Paediatrics and Department of Surgery, Southern Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia. .,Department of Surgery, Beijing United Family Hospital, Beijing, China.
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16
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Yoo TK, Kim BI, Han EN, Kim DH, Yoo JH, Lee SJ, Cho YK, Kim HJ. Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the liver: a case report. Clin Mol Hepatol 2016; 22:177-82. [PMID: 27044770 PMCID: PMC4825171 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2016.22.1.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the liver is very rare, and few cases have been reported in Korea. Primary SCC of the liver is known to be associated with hepatic cysts and intrahepatic stones. A 71-year-old male was admitted to our hospital, and a abdominal computed tomography scan revealed a 10 × 6 cm mass in the liver. Analysis of a biopsy sample suggested SCC, and so our team performed a thorough workup to find the primary lesion, which was revealed hepatoma as a pure primary SCC of the liver with multiple distant metastases. The patient was treated with one cycle of radiotherapy, transferred to another hospital for hospice care, and then died 1 month after discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Kyung Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Ik Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Na Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hyung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hee Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Jae Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Kyun Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Joo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Zhang XF, Du ZQ, Liu XM, Lv Y. Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Liver: Case Series and Review of Literatures. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e868. [PMID: 26181570 PMCID: PMC4617094 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of liver is rare, and its prognosis is extremely poor. This study aims at reviewing the clinical data of all pathologically diagnosed liver cancer in our institute, and discussing the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of our cases of SCC and the literatures reported previously. All the patients undergoing liver surgery or biopsy for liver cancers from 2002 to 2013 in our hospital were reviewed, and the liver specimens were examined pathologically. A literature search for case reports of primary SCC of liver published until December 31, 2014, was performed on PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus Elsevier, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. The primitive data of the case reports were all included and analyzed if available. From January 2002 to October 2013, 2210 cases of liver cancer were diagnosed pathologically in our hospital. Among, 4 cases (0.2%) were diagnosed as primary SCC of liver. All were negative for hepatitis B infection, but present with liver cyst and/or hepatolithiasis. One patient underwent radical resection, but died of tumor recurrence 18 months postoperatively. One patient received transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and 1 patient received laparotomy and alcohol injection, but died 9 and 4 months after surgery, respectively. The last patient received only biopsy and supportive treatment, and finally died of tumor metastasis 6 months later. From 1970 to 2014, 31 cases of primary liver SCC have been published in English previously. Thirty one cases and the 4 cases in the present study were included. The average age of the patients were 54 years (range 18-83), with a male to female ratio of 19:16. Twenty patients had liver cysts, 7 had bile duct stones, and 2 cases had both. Patients undergoing radical surgery had better prognosis than those undergoing palliative treatments (median survival 17 vs 5 months, P = 0.005, log-rank test). Patients with liver cysts seemed to have worse prognosis than those with bile duct stones (median survival 7 vs 18 months, P = 0.090, log-rank test). Primary liver SCC seems to be mostly originated from liver cyst or hepatolithiasis. Radical surgery should be firstly recommended, although the prognosis might be unfavorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Feng Zhang
- From the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China (X-FZ, Z-QD, X-ML, YL)
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Yan L, Xie F, Yang C, Yu L, Zheng T, Fu J, Yang J. The comparison of surgical patients with primary hepatic squamous cell carcinoma or adenosquamous carcinoma and surgical patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2015; 13:90. [PMID: 25890009 PMCID: PMC4358902 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-015-0464-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are still several controversies and ambiguities in the aspects of primary hepatic squamous cell carcinoma and primary hepatic adenosquamous carcinoma. To further clarify the specific features of these two infrequent diseases and provide beneficial propose for clinical decision, we did this retrospective study. Methods We reviewed the clinical features and outcomes of three primary hepatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients and six primary hepatic adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) patients from January 1998 to December 2011 in Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital in China. Meanwhile, 40 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and 26 metastatic hepatic SCC or ASC patients who were hospitalized in the same period were also reviewed to make a comparison. In order to find out the definite survival information of SCC and ASC patients, 30 previous studies containing 37 primary hepatic SCC (16) and ASC (21) patients were reviewed, and their information of survival was analyzed together with the included patients in our hospital. Results Serum tumor markers showed significant differences between primary hepatic SCC/ASC and HCC patients, especially for serum alpha fetal protein (AFP) level and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9). On the pathologic performance, primary SCC/ASC tumor was rarely accompanied with tumor capsule. They presented peripheral hepatic lymph node metastasis more likely and showed low proportion of microvascular invasion. The median survival time of primary hepatic SCC/ASC patients after liver resection (LR) was 15 months. And the 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates after LR were 60%, 24%, and 12%, respectively. Significant difference was not discovered when SCC and ASC patients were compared with HCC patients (P = 0.294). The median survival time after LR for primary SCC and ASC patients was respectively 23 months and 13 months. Conclusions The comprehensive application of some clinical characteristics, histopathologic features, and imaging findings may be useful for us in making definite diagnoses for primary hepatic SCC and ASC patients preoperatively. And the treatment of liver resection was effective for those patients who met the selection criteria for liver resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yan
- Department of Special Treatment and Liver Transplantation, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, 255 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Feng Xie
- Department of Special Treatment and Liver Transplantation, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, 255 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Special Treatment and Liver Transplantation, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, 255 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Lihan Yu
- Department of Special Treatment and Liver Transplantation, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, 255 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Tao Zheng
- Department of Special Treatment and Liver Transplantation, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, 255 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Jun Fu
- Department of Special Treatment and Liver Transplantation, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, 255 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Jiamei Yang
- Department of Special Treatment and Liver Transplantation, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, 255 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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19
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A fatal case of primary basaloid squamous cell carcinoma in the intrahepatic bile ducts. Case Rep Pathol 2014; 2014:410849. [PMID: 25400964 PMCID: PMC4220576 DOI: 10.1155/2014/410849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary squamous cholangiocellular carcinomas are very rare. We describe a case of a 67-year-old man, who underwent chemotherapy and surgery for a right-sided liver tumor with an unusual presentation of metastasis to a lymph node in the left armpit. The patient was asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis but expired 20 months after surgery with epidural, lung, and spine metastasis. In addition to the unusual clinical presentation, the diagnosis of the liver tumor was that of a primary basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the intrahepatic bile ducts, an entity with only one previous report in the literature.
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20
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Morito K, Kai K, Miyoshi A, Kubo H, Ide T, Azama S, Irie H, Koga Y, Sumi K, Ikeda O, Kitahara K, Noshiro H. Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the liver concomitant with primary colon cancer: report of a case. Clin J Gastroenterol 2013; 6:134-138. [PMID: 26181450 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-012-0341-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A 55-year-old Japanese female was admitted to our hospital to treat colon cancer. Computed tomography revealed a 2.6 × 2.0 cm liver mass considered to be liver metastasis. She synchronously underwent right colectomy with D3 lymph node dissection and subsegmentectomy 8 under the diagnosis of advanced colon cancer with liver metastasis. The pathology examination revealed the liver nodule was pure squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), whereas histology of colon cancer was a well differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma containing no squamous component. The patient underwent intensive checkup by imaging for a primary site of SCC. However, no lesion considered as possible primary site of SCC was found. Therefore, the liver nodule was finally diagnosed as a primary hepatic SCC. Primary SCC of the liver is a rare and high-grade malignant tumor. Recurrent multiple liver nodule was found at 13 months after surgery and the patient died of cancer 17 months after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoto Morito
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Nabesima 5-1-1, Saga, Saga, 849-8501, Japan.
| | - Keita Kai
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyoshi
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Nabesima 5-1-1, Saga, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kubo
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Nabesima 5-1-1, Saga, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Takao Ide
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Nabesima 5-1-1, Saga, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Shinya Azama
- Department of Radiology, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Irie
- Department of Radiology, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga, Japan
| | - Yasuo Koga
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Nabesima 5-1-1, Saga, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Sumi
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Nabesima 5-1-1, Saga, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Osamu Ikeda
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Nabesima 5-1-1, Saga, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Kitahara
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Nabesima 5-1-1, Saga, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Noshiro
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Nabesima 5-1-1, Saga, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
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21
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Zhu KL, Li DY, Jiang CB. Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the liver associated with hepatolithiasis: A case report. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:5830-2. [PMID: 23155329 PMCID: PMC3484357 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i40.5830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the liver is rare and reported sporadically. Up to date, only 24 such cases have been reported in the literature. It is associated with hepatic teratoma, congenital cysts, solitary benign non-parasitic hepatic cysts, hepatolithiasis/Caroli’s disease or cirrhosis. We reported a case of primary SCC of the liver associated with multiple intrahepatic cholesterol gallstones. The patient underwent hepatectomy followed by radiotherapy, and has survived for over 19 mo without recurrence.
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22
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Iimuro Y, Asano Y, Suzumura K, Yada A, Hirano T, Iijima H, Nishiguchi S, Hirota S, Fujimoto J. Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the liver: an uncommon finding in contrast-enhanced ultrasonography imaging. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2011; 5:628-35. [PMID: 22171214 PMCID: PMC3237109 DOI: 10.1159/000334425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the liver is rare tumor with an unfavorable prognosis. We report a case of advanced primary SCC of the liver arising adjacent to a nonparasitic liver cyst, invading into the right diaphragm and the right lung tissue. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CE-US) demonstrated unique enhancement in the late vascular phase, which was incompatible with those observed in hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocellular carcinoma, or metastatic adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent surgical resection of the tumor followed by systemic chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin (CDDP), while radiation chemotherapy was not applied because of relatively poor performance status. Although postoperative image analysis revealed no recurrence 4 months later, the patient died 13 months after the operation from recurrence. Immunohistological analysis of the resected specimen revealed that this SCC contained many capillary endothelial vessels expressing CD31 or CD34, possibly reflecting the unique imaging pattern in the late vascular phase of CE-US, which has been reported in choangiolocellular carcinoma. In addition, we reviewed which kind of treatment would be suitable for advanced hepatic primary SCC in the literature. From the review, it could be proposed that a combination of radiation therapy, systemic chemotherapy (5-FU and CDDP) and surgical resection, if possible, is appropriate for advanced primary SCC of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Iimuro
- Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
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23
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Spaggiari M, Di Benedetto F, Ballarin R, Losi L, Cautero N, De Ruvo N, Montalti R, Guerrini G, Gerunda GE. Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the liver associated with Caroli's disease: a case report. ONKOLOGIE 2011; 34:193-5. [PMID: 21447978 DOI: 10.1159/000326999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Spaggiari
- Liver and Multivisceral Transplant Center, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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Garcea G, Pattenden CJ, Stephenson J, Dennison AR, Berry DP. Nine-year single-center experience with nonparastic liver cysts: diagnosis and management. Dig Dis Sci 2007; 52:185-91. [PMID: 17160469 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-006-9545-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2005] [Accepted: 07/31/2006] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the experience with laparoscopic deroofing of nonparasitic liver cysts at a single center over a 9-year period. A total of 25 patients, undergoing 32 operations, were identified. Median cyst diameter was 10 cm for de novo cysts and 9.5 cm for recurrent cysts. Six patients had multiple cysts consistent with polycystic liver disease. In total, there were 26 laparoscopic procedures and 2 open conversions. Four procedures were commenced as open, three of which were for recurrent cysts. Minor complications were bleeding from a port site (n=1), pneumothorax (n=2), and intra-abdominal collection (n=1). One major complication of bile leak and relaparotomy occurred following an open deroofing. No major complications were recorded for laparoscopic procedures. Symptomatic recurrence of cysts occurred in four patients with simple cysts (5%) and one patient with polycystic liver disease. We conclude that laparoscopic liver cyst deroofing is an effective method of dealing with symptomatic nonparasitic liver cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Garcea
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK.
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25
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Odemiş B, Köksal AS, Yüksel O, Kacar S, Turhan N. Squamous cell cancer of the liver arising from an epidermoid cyst: case report and review of the literature. Dig Dis Sci 2006; 51:1278-84. [PMID: 16944026 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-006-8049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2005] [Accepted: 03/17/2005] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bülent Odemiş
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yüksek Ihtisas Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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26
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Tsuneyama K, Kaizaki Y, Doden K, Kidani E, Harada K, Sasaki M, Nakanuma Y. Combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma with marked squamous cell carcinoma components arising in non-cirrhotic liver. Pathol Int 2003; 53:90-7. [PMID: 12588436 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1827.2003.01443.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We report a surgical case of liver tumor, 40 x 35 mm in size, with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) components in a 60-year-old Japanese man with steatohepatitis. Most of the SCC component showed typical intercellular bridge and keratinization, while most of the HCC components showed a thick trabecular pattern with mild to moderate nuclear atypia. Both components transit each other without undifferentiated foci; however, a small foci showing glandular structure was intermediated. No cyst formation was found in the liver. The primary site of the squamous cell carcinoma was not detected in general clinical and radiological examination. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that part of the HCC components neighboring the SCC showed patchy and weak expression of cytokeratin 7. There are several possibilities for the origin of squamous cell carcinoma in this case: marked squamous metaplastic change of cholangiocarcinoma and/or HCC, and carcinoma originating from pleuripotential stem cells. Irregular fatty changes, scattered giant mitochondria and acellular fibrosis with bridging were seen in the liver; however, this patient had no episode of hepatitis-associated viral infection. This is an interesting case of combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma with marked SCC components arising in a non-cirrhotic fibrotic liver.
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MESH Headings
- Bile Duct Neoplasms/chemistry
- Bile Duct Neoplasms/pathology
- Bile Duct Neoplasms/surgery
- Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/chemistry
- Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/pathology
- Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/surgery
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/surgery
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery
- Cholangiocarcinoma/chemistry
- Cholangiocarcinoma/pathology
- Cholangiocarcinoma/surgery
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Keratin-7
- Keratins/analysis
- Liver Cirrhosis/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/chemistry
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/surgery
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/chemistry
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/surgery
- Stem Cells/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
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27
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Moorthy K, Mihssin N, Houghton PW. The management of simple hepatic cysts: sclerotherapy or laparoscopic fenestration. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2001; 83:409-14. [PMID: 11777137 PMCID: PMC2503687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior to the era of laparoscopic surgery, open surgical deroofing was considered to be the most appropriate therapy for uncomplicated simple hepatic cysts. Recently, there have been a number of reports of successful laparoscopic fenestration of simple hepatic cysts. Simple aspiration of these cysts is associated with a high recurrence rate. Cyst sclerosis with alcohol and, more recently, minocycline hydrochloride have been found to be effective in their management. So far there have been no trials comparing laparoscopic deroofing with sclerotherapy. A lack of consensus in their management results in considerable confusion and difficulty in deciding the optimum form of therapy. METHODS A systematic review of articles on the subject appearing in journals in the English language was conducted using the Medline database and by cross-referencing. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Both laparoscopic deroofing and cyst sclerosis have been found to be effective in partial or complete obliteration of the cyst and in the relief of symptoms produced by the cyst. It is essential to rule out cystadenoma, malignancy, biliary communication and infection prior to treating these cysts. Alcohol/minocycline based sclerotherapy has the advantage of being associated with a lower incidence of complications. Surgery is indicated if it is difficult to rule out the above mentioned conditions, in the presence of biliary communication, in those cysts where sclerosis has been ineffective and in cases of recurrence. The choice between open and laparoscopic surgery depends on the location of the cysts within the liver parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Moorthy
- Department of Surgery, Torbay General Hospital, Torquay, UK.
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Abstract
Primary angiosarcoma of the liver accounts for up to 2% of all primary liver tumors and is the second most common primary malignant neoplasm of the liver. Approximately 10 to 20 new cases are diagnosed every year in the United States and the prevalence varies from 0.14 to 0.25 per million. In an autopsy series from Chicago, one hepatic angiosarcoma was noted for every 30 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mani
- Department of Pathology, Indian Navy Health Service, Asvini, Colaba, Mumbai, India
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