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Song Y, Liu L, Gao J, Wu N, Yin J. Column chart prediction model for ovarian cancer based on serum ovarian tumor related biomarkers and validation. Adv Med Sci 2025; 70:209-218. [PMID: 40068807 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2025.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 11/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2025] [Indexed: 03/28/2025]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim was to study the predictive model and validate serum ovarian tumor-related biomarkers for ovarian cancer histograms. METHOD We randomly selected 181 patients with ovarian tumors and 80 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations from the hospital's medical record information system as the study participants. Clinical data and detection results of ovarian tumor-related markers such as serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and human epididymal protein (HE4) were collected from all study participants for analysis. RESULT Significant differences were found in serum CEA, CA125, CA19-9, and HE4 levels between healthy controls, benign ovarian tumors, and ovarian cancer (P < 0.05). Dysmenorrhea (present), family history (present), age at menarche, menstrual period, number of pregnancies, natural abortion frequency, number of induced abortions, CEA, CA125, CA19-9, HE4 were all influencing factors for the incidence of ovarian cancer (P < 0.05). The number of induced abortions, CEA, CA125, CA19-9, and HE4 were all independent risk factors for ovarian cancer, while the natural abortion frequency was a protective factor for ovarian cancer (P < 0.05). The constructed column chart prediction model had good discrimination and prediction accuracy for ovarian cancer, good clinical utility, and higher predictive performance for ovarian cancer than traditional ROMA models. CONCLUSION The ovarian cancer column chart prediction model based on serum ovarian tumor related markers has good discrimination and prediction accuracy for ovarian cancer, with high clinical utility. Future research may need to incorporate more serum markers related to ovarian cancer to further improve the performance of predictive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jilin Province FAW General Hospital, Changchun, China.
| | - Libo Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Jilin Province FAW General Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jilin Province FAW General Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Naibao Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jilin Province FAW General Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Jiwei Yin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jilin Province FAW General Hospital, Changchun, China
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2
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Ruma SA, Vinod R, Jain S, Huhtinen K, Hynninen J, Leivo J, Pettersson K, Sundfeldt K, Gidwani K. MUC1 and glycan probing of CA19-9 captured biomarkers from cyst fluids and serum provides enhanced recognition of ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2025; 15:3171. [PMID: 39863644 PMCID: PMC11762729 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-86735-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2025] [Indexed: 01/30/2025] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation changes of circulating proteins carrying the CA19-9 antigen may offer new targets for detection methods to be explored for the diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Search for assay designs for targets initially captured by a CA19-9 antigen reactive antibody from human body fluids by probing with fluorescent nanoparticles coated with lectins or antibodies to known EOC associated proteins. CA19-9 antigens were immobilized from ascites fluids, ovarian cyst fluids or serum samples using monoclonal antibody C192 followed by probing of carrier proteins using anti-MUC16, anti-MUC1 and, anti STn antibodies and seven lectins, all separately coated on nanoparticles. Compared to reference CA19-9 and CA125 immunoassays, nanoparticle aided detection using MUC16, Ma695 and STn antibodies and lectin WGA provided, both separately and combined, improved discrimination of EOC and borderline cancers from benign samples when applied to 60 cyst fluid specimens. When applied to a panel of 44 serum samples (EOC N = 24, healthy and benign samples N = 20) two assays, CA19-9Ma695 and CA19-9MUC1, stood out with equally superior separations (p-values < 10-8) of the two groups compared to conventional CA19-9 immunoassay (p-value 0.03).Eu+3 -NP based CA19-9MUC16, CA19-9Ma695, CA19-9STn and CA19-9WGA show promise for improved EOC detection when applied to ascites & cyst fluids. When applied to circulation-derived samples, the two MUC1 based assays, CA19-9Ma695 and CA19-9Ma552 outperformed other assay constructs. Our results call for further validation in larger EOC cohorts preferentially with early stage ovarian cancers and all major histotypes against commonly occurring benign conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamima Afrin Ruma
- Department of Life Technologies, Division of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Medisiina D, 5th floor, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Rufus Vinod
- Department of Life Technologies, Division of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Medisiina D, 5th floor, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Shruti Jain
- Department of Life Technologies, Division of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Medisiina D, 5th floor, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Kaisa Huhtinen
- Institute of Biomedicine and FICAN West Cancer Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Hynninen
- Institute of Biomedicine and FICAN West Cancer Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Janne Leivo
- Department of Life Technologies, Division of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Medisiina D, 5th floor, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Kim Pettersson
- Department of Life Technologies, Division of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Medisiina D, 5th floor, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Karin Sundfeldt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenberg, Sweden
| | - Kamlesh Gidwani
- Department of Life Technologies, Division of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Medisiina D, 5th floor, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
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Hoff CO, Manzi J, Ferreira R, Chauhan A, Housein P, Merchant N, Livingstone A, Vianna R, Abreu P. A neuroendocrine biomarker revolution from monoanalyte to multianalyte biomarkers in non-functioning gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 203:104460. [PMID: 39153703 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) arise from neuroendocrine cells in a wide variety of organs. One of the most affected disease sites is the gastrointestinal system, which originates the gastro-entero-pancreatic NENs (GEP-NENs), a heterogenous group of malignancies that are rapidly increasing in incidence. These tumors can be functioning, with secretory activity leading to identifiable clinical syndromes, or non-functioning, with no secretory activity but with local symptoms of tumor growth and metastasis. A limitation in biomarkers is a crucial unmet need in non-secretory NEN management, as clinical decision-making is made more difficult by obstacles in tumor classification, prognostic evaluation, assessment of treatment response and surveillance. The objective of this review is to present existing and novel biomarkers for NENs that can function as prognostic factors and monitor disease progression or regression longitudinally, with a special emphasis on innovative research into novel multianalyte biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla O Hoff
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Miami Transplant Institute, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, USA
| | - Joao Manzi
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raphaella Ferreira
- Miami Transplant Institute, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, USA
| | - Aman Chauhan
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, USA
| | - Peter Housein
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, USA
| | - Nipun Merchant
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, USA
| | - Alan Livingstone
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, USA
| | - Rodrigo Vianna
- Miami Transplant Institute, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, USA
| | - Phillipe Abreu
- Division of Transplant Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, USA.
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Poonyakanok V, Warnnissorn M, Chaopotong P. Oncological outcomes and risk factors for recurrence of mucinous borderline ovarian tumors: A 15-year experience at a tertiary center. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2024; 50:2081-2092. [PMID: 39323179 DOI: 10.1111/jog.16085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most common subtype of borderline ovarian tumors in Asia is mucinous borderline ovarian tumors (mBOTs). Intraoperative distinction from mucinous carcinoma can be difficult. Despite the indolent behavior of mBOTs, recurrence or metastases may occur. The objectives of this study were to determine the oncological outcomes of mBOTs and the risk factors for their recurrence. RESULTS This retrospective study enrolled patients with mBOTs treated or referred to our institution between January 2005 and December 2019. Histological reviews of the recurrent cases (primary and recurrent or metastatic tumors) were performed. Patients with other tumor subtypes, pseudomyxoma peritonei, or no in-house operation were excluded. Two hundred thirty-two patients were diagnosed with mBOTs. The median follow-up was 52 months. Six patients (2.58%) had tumor recurrence or metastasis. The risk factors for recurrence were a ruptured tumor, residual tumor after an operation, high serum CA19-9 level, and stage of the disease. The recurrence rates of fertility-sparing and radical surgery were not significantly different. Detailed surgical staging, intraepithelial carcinoma, and microinvasion were also not associated with disease recurrence. CONCLUSIONS mBOTs have an excellent prognosis. Currently, fertility-sparing surgery is the standard treatment, showing no significant difference in oncological outcomes compared to radical surgery. Patients with risk factors should be closely monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitcha Poonyakanok
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Malee Warnnissorn
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pattama Chaopotong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Bates M, Mohamed BM, Lewis F, O'Toole S, O'Leary JJ. Biomarkers in high grade serous ovarian cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189224. [PMID: 39581234 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 11/15/2024] [Accepted: 11/15/2024] [Indexed: 11/26/2024]
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) is the most common subtype of ovarian cancer. HGSC patients typically present with advanced disease, which is often resistant to chemotherapy and recurs despite initial responses to therapy, resulting in the poor prognosis associated with this disease. There is a need to utilise biomarkers to manage the various aspects of HGSC patient care. In this review we discuss the current state of biomarkers in HGSC, focusing on the various available immunohistochemical (IHC) and blood-based biomarkers, which have been examined for their diagnostic, prognostic and theranostic potential in HGSC. These include various routine clinical IHC biomarkers such as p53, WT1, keratins, PAX8, Ki67 and p16 and clinical blood-borne markers and algorithms such as CA125, HE4, ROMA, RMI, ROCA, and others. We also discuss various components of the liquid biopsy as well as a number of novel IHC biomarkers and non-routine blood-borne biomarkers, which have been examined in various ovarian cancer studies. We also discuss the future of ovarian cancer biomarker research and highlight some of the challenges currently facing the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Bates
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Bashir M Mohamed
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Faye Lewis
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sharon O'Toole
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pathology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Olaofe OO, Betiku OA, Okongwu CC, Adefidipe AA, Soremekun AI. Krukenberg tumour in a 46-year-old black African woman with a background of ovarian fibroma- A case report. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:566. [PMID: 39434109 PMCID: PMC11492697 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-03408-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 10/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumours that metastasize to the ovary can occur in conjunction with other ovarian lesions, including benign sex cord stroma tumours like fibroma or fibrothecoma. This case report presents a unique instance of metastatic signet ring carcinoma involving the ovary in a background of fibroma in a Black African woman. PATIENT PRESENTATION A 46-year-old gravida 3, para 0 (2 alive), patient was referred from the general outpatient clinic to the gynecology clinic due to progressive abdominal swelling over the past eight months. Abdominal examination revealed marked distension with massive ascites. Physical examination of the chest demonstrated dullness to percussion over both lung bases, with increased dullness noted on the right. Auscultation revealed decreased air entry in the right middle and lower lung zones, with normal to increased air entry in the remaining lung fields. Abdominopelvic ultrasound revealed a large irregularly marginated homogeneous solid mass in the right adnexa measuring 16.4 × 11.7 × 12.7 cm. An abdominal CT scan revealed bilateral pleural effusion, which was more pronounced on the right, ascites, and evidence of pulmonary and hepatic metastasis. Serum chemistry revealed abnormal levels of several analytes, including elevated CA 125 at 1,108.8 (normal range 0-35) U/L and CA 19-9 at 63.8 (normal range 0-35) U/L. She subsequently underwent staging laparotomy with total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, without any postoperative complications. The histologic sections of the right and left ovaries revealed a moderately cellular lesion composed of intersecting bundles of spindle cells in a fascicular and storiform pattern. Additionally, pockets of small round to oval-shaped cells with intracytoplasmic clear vacuoles pushing the nucleus to the periphery (signet ring cells) were identified in a few foci. These cells were initially thought to be ovarian stroma or theca cells. Microscopic examination revealed signet ring cells with cytoplasmic positivity for periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. The histopathological diagnosis was metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma involving the ovary, with an underlying ovarian fibroma. CONCLUSIONS Ovarian metastatic signet ring carcinoma in a background of fibroma can pose a significant diagnostic challenge, as signet ring cells can mimic the ovarian stroma or theca cells, especially if they are only observed in a few foci of the sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaejirinde Olaniyi Olaofe
- Department of Morbid Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - Omolade Adefolabi Betiku
- Department of Morbid Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Chigozie Chidozie Okongwu
- Department of Morbid Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Adeyemi Abiola Adefidipe
- Department of Morbid Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Ademola Idowu Soremekun
- Department of Morbid Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
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Li N, Li M, Zhou F. Multimodal ultrasound plus tumor markers demonstrates a high value in enhanced diagnosis of breast cancer. Am J Transl Res 2024; 16:5497-5506. [PMID: 39544801 PMCID: PMC11558377 DOI: 10.62347/qvci6027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 11/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the diagnostic value of multimodal ultrasound combined with tumor markers in breast cancer (BC). METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 198 patients with breast lesions treated at the Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between May 2020 and May 2023. All patients underwent multimodal ultrasound and tumor marker testing. Among the 198 patients, 88 patients were pathologically diagnosed with benign disease (benign group) and 110 patients were pathologically diagnosed with malignant disease (malignant group). With the pathological results as the gold standard, the benign and malignant results from different diagnostic methods were compared, focusing on specificity, sensitivity and accuracy. RESULTS The areas under the curves (AUCs) of carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153), CA125, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) for diagnosing BC were 0.810, 0.812, and 0.790, respectively. When these tumor markers were used in combination for diagnosing BC, the AUC increased to 0.928. The AUC of multimodal ultrasound alone in diagnosing BC was 0.845. Additionally, the AUC of multimodal ultrasound combined with tumor markers in diagnosing BC reached 0.971, with the corresponding specificity, sensitivity and accuracy of 90.00%, 94.43% and 91.92%, respectively. CONCLUSION In patients with early BC, the combination of multimodal ultrasound and tumor marker detection significantly improves the accuracy of diagnosing benign and malignant breast lesions compared to using either modality alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Wuxi 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Wuxi 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengsheng Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Wuxi 214023, Jiangsu, China
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Shahbazlou SV, Vandghanooni S, Dabirmanesh B, Eskandani M, Hasannia S. Recent advances in surface plasmon resonance for the detection of ovarian cancer biomarkers: a thorough review. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:659. [PMID: 39382786 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06740-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
Early detection of ovarian cancer (OC) is crucial for effective management and treatment, as well as reducing mortality rates. However, the current diagnostic methods for OC are time-consuming and have low accuracy. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors offer a promising alternative to conventional techniques, as they enable rapid and less invasive screening of various circulating indicators. These biosensors are widely used for biomolecular interaction analysis and detecting tumor markers, and they are currently being investigated as a rapid diagnostic tool for early-stage cancer detection. Our main focus is on the fundamental concepts and performance characteristics of SPR biosensors. We also discuss the latest advancements in SPR biosensors that enhance their sensitivity and enable high-throughput quantification of OC biomarkers, including CA125, HE4, CEA, and CA19-9. Finally, we address the future challenges that need to be overcome to advance SPR biosensors from research to clinical applications. The ultimate goal is to facilitate the translation of SPR biosensors into routine clinical practice for the early detection and management of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnam Valizadeh Shahbazlou
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (RCPN), Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Vandghanooni
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahareh Dabirmanesh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Eskandani
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (RCPN), Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Sadegh Hasannia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Gopalan V, Khan IA, Zade AA, Malhotra G, Durge S, Jain Y, Rekavari SG. Diagnostic Challenges and Treatment Options for Mucocle of the Appendix: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e66142. [PMID: 39233991 PMCID: PMC11374133 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.66142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mucocles of the appendix, encompassing mucinous cystadenomas and mucinous cystadenocarcinomas, represent rare but clinically significant appendiceal lesions characterized by the accumulation of mucin within the appendix lumen. This review explores the diagnostic complexities and treatment strategies associated with mucocles, emphasizing the importance of its accurate recognition and management. Diagnostic challenges arise due to overlapping symptoms with acute appendicitis and other appendiceal pathologies, necessitating a multidimensional approach that includes imaging, histopathological analysis, and clinical correlation. Treatment options range from appendectomy for benign lesions to more extensive surgical procedures, such as right hemicolectomy for malignant forms. Prognostic factors, including histological subtype and tumor size, influence treatment decisions and long-term outcomes. By synthesizing current evidence and clinical insights, this review aims to provide a comprehensive framework for clinicians to navigate the complexities of mucocles of the appendix, offering perspectives that can guide effective management and future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasundara Gopalan
- General Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Imran Ali Khan
- General Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Anup A Zade
- General Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Geetika Malhotra
- General Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Shubham Durge
- General Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Yashraj Jain
- General Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sai Goutham Rekavari
- General Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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10
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Wang Y, Peng L, Ye W, Lu Y. Multimodal diagnostic strategies and precision medicine in mucinous ovarian carcinoma: a comprehensive approach. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1391910. [PMID: 39040449 PMCID: PMC11260671 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1391910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Mucinous ovarian carcinoma (MOC) represents a distinct entity within ovarian malignancies, characterized by diagnostic challenges due to its rarity and the potential overlap with other tumor types. The determination of tumor origin is important for precise postsurgical treatment. This article highlights the accurate diagnosis and management of MOC, including the use of imaging modalities, serological tumor markers, immunohistochemistry, and genomic analyses. Transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasonography, complemented by MRI and CT, plays a pivotal role in differentiating MOC from other mucinous tumors and in surgical planning, particularly for fertility preservation. Serological markers like CA19-9, CA-125, and CEA, though not definitive, provide valuable preoperative insights. Immunohistochemistry aids in distinguishing primary MOC from metastatic mucinous carcinomas, while genomic profiling offers the potential for precision medicine through the identification of specific molecular signatures and treatment susceptibilities. Despite advancements in diagnostic techniques, no single method conclusively differentiates between primary and metastatic tumors intraoperatively. The paper reviews the origins, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis of primary mucinous ovarian carcinoma highlights the need for a multimodal diagnostic approach and advocates for the inclusion of MOC patients in clinical trials for personalized therapies, recognizing the heterogeneity of the disease at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lina Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wanlu Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanming Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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11
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Thull T, Kempton D. Ovarian cancer: A review for primary care providers. JAAPA 2024; 37:32-36. [PMID: 38916368 DOI: 10.1097/01.jaa.0000000000000042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Ovarian cancer is the second most common gynecologic cancer in the United States and the deadliest gynecologic cancer worldwide, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 50%. Because of its vague symptoms, more than half of patients present with advanced disease and metastasis. This article reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, screening, presentation, and diagnosis of ovarian cancer, in addition to providing an overview of the standard approach to treatment and novel targeted biologic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Thull
- Tessa Thull practices in psychiatry in Cincinnati, Ohio. Danielle Kempton is director and clinical professor in the Doctor of Medical Science program at Northern Arizona University in Phoenix, Ariz. The authors have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise
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Dhar C, Ramachandran P, Xu G, Pickering C, Čaval T, Wong M, Rice R, Zhou B, Srinivasan A, Aiyetan P, Chu CW, Moser K, Herzog TJ, Olawaiye AB, Jacob F, Serie D, Lindpaintner K, Schwarz F. Diagnosing and staging epithelial ovarian cancer by serum glycoproteomic profiling. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:1716-1724. [PMID: 38658783 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02644-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need for diagnostic tests for screening, triaging and staging of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Glycoproteomics of blood samples has shown promise for biomarker discovery. METHODS We applied glycoproteomics to serum of people with EOC or benign pelvic masses and healthy controls. A total of 653 analytes were quantified and assessed in multivariable models, which were tested in an independent cohort. Additionally, we analyzed glycosylation patterns in serum markers and in tissues. RESULTS We identified a biomarker panel that distinguished benign lesions from EOC with sensitivity and specificity of 83.5% and 90.1% in the training set, and of 86.7 and 86.7% in the test set, respectively. ROC analysis demonstrated strong performance across a range of cutoffs. Fucosylated multi-antennary glycopeptide markers were higher in late-stage than in early-stage EOC. A comparable pattern was found in late-stage EOC tissues. CONCLUSIONS Blood glycopeptide biomarkers have the potential to distinguish benign from malignant pelvic masses, and early- from late-stage EOC. Glycosylation of circulating and tumor tissue proteins may be related. This study supports the hypothesis that blood glycoproteomic profiling can be used for EOC diagnosis and staging and it warrants further clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag Dhar
- InterVenn Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Gege Xu
- InterVenn Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Maurice Wong
- InterVenn Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Rice
- InterVenn Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bo Zhou
- InterVenn Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Paul Aiyetan
- InterVenn Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chih-Wei Chu
- InterVenn Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Thomas J Herzog
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Alexander Babatunde Olawaiye
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Francis Jacob
- Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Serie
- InterVenn Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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Ashi A, Al-Hajeili M, Almaghrabi S, Al-Maghrabi J, Trabulsi N, Alghuraibi S, Alsiary R, Alrayes N. Prevalence of CEA, CA 125, and CA 15-3 serum tumour markers in different regions of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2024; 45:565-571. [PMID: 38830664 PMCID: PMC11147600 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2024.45.6.20230878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the prevalence of tumor marker (TM) carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 125 (CA 125), and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) levels in the Saudi population, based on gender, age, and demographic region, and whether the patients were referred by a hospital or self-referred. METHODS Retrospective analysis was carried out on 7,019 samples gathered from the Western, Northern, Central, Southern, and Eastern regions of Saudi Arabia between 2021-2022. The TMs were categorized into normal and abnormal levels, according to the reference ranges. Statistical analysis was carried out to assess the relations between variants (age groups, gender, and demographic regions) using the Chi-square test, and their correlations were assessed using Spearman's test. RESULTS Among all patients, CEA, CA 125, and CA 15-3 levels were found to be significantly correlated with age (p=0.0001). The CEA and CA 15-3 levels increased in both males and females with age. The CA 125 was shown to have an abnormally increased level in males with age. CONCLUSION Increased levels of CEA, CA 125, and CA 15-3 TMs in the study population were significantly correlated with age. The CEA and CA 15-3 levels were within the normal range, while CA 125 levels were above the normal range in the older male population. These results suggest that the utilization of such TMs is age dependent and would have validity if applied with other parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar Ashi
- From the Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences (Ashi, Almaghrabi, Alrayes), Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences; from the Regenerative Medicine Unit (Ashi), King Fahd Medical Research Center; from the Center of Innovations in Personalized Medicine (Almaghrabi); from the Department of Medicine (Al-Hajeili); from the Department of Pathology (Al-Maghrabi); from the Department of Surgery (Trabulsi), Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, from King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (Alsiary), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, and from the Research and Development Unit (Alghuraibi), Al Borg Medical Laboratories, Al Borg Diagnostics, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Marwan Al-Hajeili
- From the Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences (Ashi, Almaghrabi, Alrayes), Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences; from the Regenerative Medicine Unit (Ashi), King Fahd Medical Research Center; from the Center of Innovations in Personalized Medicine (Almaghrabi); from the Department of Medicine (Al-Hajeili); from the Department of Pathology (Al-Maghrabi); from the Department of Surgery (Trabulsi), Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, from King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (Alsiary), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, and from the Research and Development Unit (Alghuraibi), Al Borg Medical Laboratories, Al Borg Diagnostics, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sarah Almaghrabi
- From the Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences (Ashi, Almaghrabi, Alrayes), Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences; from the Regenerative Medicine Unit (Ashi), King Fahd Medical Research Center; from the Center of Innovations in Personalized Medicine (Almaghrabi); from the Department of Medicine (Al-Hajeili); from the Department of Pathology (Al-Maghrabi); from the Department of Surgery (Trabulsi), Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, from King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (Alsiary), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, and from the Research and Development Unit (Alghuraibi), Al Borg Medical Laboratories, Al Borg Diagnostics, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jaudah Al-Maghrabi
- From the Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences (Ashi, Almaghrabi, Alrayes), Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences; from the Regenerative Medicine Unit (Ashi), King Fahd Medical Research Center; from the Center of Innovations in Personalized Medicine (Almaghrabi); from the Department of Medicine (Al-Hajeili); from the Department of Pathology (Al-Maghrabi); from the Department of Surgery (Trabulsi), Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, from King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (Alsiary), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, and from the Research and Development Unit (Alghuraibi), Al Borg Medical Laboratories, Al Borg Diagnostics, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nora Trabulsi
- From the Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences (Ashi, Almaghrabi, Alrayes), Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences; from the Regenerative Medicine Unit (Ashi), King Fahd Medical Research Center; from the Center of Innovations in Personalized Medicine (Almaghrabi); from the Department of Medicine (Al-Hajeili); from the Department of Pathology (Al-Maghrabi); from the Department of Surgery (Trabulsi), Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, from King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (Alsiary), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, and from the Research and Development Unit (Alghuraibi), Al Borg Medical Laboratories, Al Borg Diagnostics, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shmoukh Alghuraibi
- From the Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences (Ashi, Almaghrabi, Alrayes), Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences; from the Regenerative Medicine Unit (Ashi), King Fahd Medical Research Center; from the Center of Innovations in Personalized Medicine (Almaghrabi); from the Department of Medicine (Al-Hajeili); from the Department of Pathology (Al-Maghrabi); from the Department of Surgery (Trabulsi), Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, from King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (Alsiary), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, and from the Research and Development Unit (Alghuraibi), Al Borg Medical Laboratories, Al Borg Diagnostics, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rawaih Alsiary
- From the Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences (Ashi, Almaghrabi, Alrayes), Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences; from the Regenerative Medicine Unit (Ashi), King Fahd Medical Research Center; from the Center of Innovations in Personalized Medicine (Almaghrabi); from the Department of Medicine (Al-Hajeili); from the Department of Pathology (Al-Maghrabi); from the Department of Surgery (Trabulsi), Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, from King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (Alsiary), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, and from the Research and Development Unit (Alghuraibi), Al Borg Medical Laboratories, Al Borg Diagnostics, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nuha Alrayes
- From the Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences (Ashi, Almaghrabi, Alrayes), Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences; from the Regenerative Medicine Unit (Ashi), King Fahd Medical Research Center; from the Center of Innovations in Personalized Medicine (Almaghrabi); from the Department of Medicine (Al-Hajeili); from the Department of Pathology (Al-Maghrabi); from the Department of Surgery (Trabulsi), Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, from King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (Alsiary), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, and from the Research and Development Unit (Alghuraibi), Al Borg Medical Laboratories, Al Borg Diagnostics, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Huang J, Du D, Chen H, Luo D, Wang Q, Li C, Li Y, Yu Y. Clinical value of serum tumor markers in assessing the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced ovarian cancer: single-center prospective clinical study. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1399502. [PMID: 38863620 PMCID: PMC11165076 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1399502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to assess the clinical importance of various biomarkers, including NLR, CEA, CA199, CA125, CA153, and HE4, through dynamic testing to evaluate the effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for individuals facing advanced ovarian cancer. This provides valuable information for tailoring treatment plans to individual patients, thereby leading to a more personalized and effective management of individuals facing ovarian cancer. Methods The levels of NLR, CA125, CA199, CEA, CA153, and HE4 were detected before chemotherapy and after 3 courses of chemotherapy. Patients were categorized into ineffective and effective groups according to the effectiveness of NACT. To evaluate the factors influencing NACT's effectiveness in individuals facing advanced ovarian cancer, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, predictive modeling, and multifactorial regression analysis were employed. Results In the effective group, the patients' age, maximum tumor diameter, and CEA and HE4 levels of the patients were significantly higher compared to those in the ineffective group (P <.05). Additionally, the difference in HE4 levels before and after treatment between the effective and ineffective groups was statistically significant (P<.05). Multifactorial analysis showed that age and maximum tumor diameter were independent risk factors impacting the effectiveness of NACT in individuals facing advanced ovarian cancer (P<.05). The ROC curve for predicting the effectiveness of NACT in individuals facing advanced ovarian cancer showed a sensitivity of 93.3% for NLR and a specificity of 92.3% for CA199. HE4 emerged as the most reliable predictor, demonstrating a specificity of 84.6% and a sensitivity of 75.3%. The area under the curve of the combined CA125 and HE4 assays for predicting the ineffectiveness of NACT in individuals facing advanced ovarian cancer was 0.825, showcasing a specificity of 74.2% and a sensitivity of 84.6%. Conclusion The predictive capacity for the effectiveness of NACT in individuals facing advanced ovarian cancer is notably high when considering the sensitivity of NLR and the specificity of CA199. Additionally, the combination of CA125 and HE4 assays can obtain a better predictive effect, which can accurately select patients suitable for NACT, determine the appropriate timing of the interval debulking surgery (IDS) surgery, and achieve a satisfactory tumor reduction effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Ganzhou Cancer Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Danyi Du
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hailong Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Ganzhou Cancer Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Deping Luo
- Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Ganzhou Cancer Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Ganzhou Cancer Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chan Li
- Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Ganzhou Cancer Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuanxiang Li
- Department of Clinical laboratory, Ganzhou Cancer Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Ganzhou Cancer Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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Zhou Y, Tao L, Qiu J, Xu J, Yang X, Zhang Y, Tian X, Guan X, Cen X, Zhao Y. Tumor biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:132. [PMID: 38763973 PMCID: PMC11102923 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor biomarkers, the substances which are produced by tumors or the body's responses to tumors during tumorigenesis and progression, have been demonstrated to possess critical and encouraging value in screening and early diagnosis, prognosis prediction, recurrence detection, and therapeutic efficacy monitoring of cancers. Over the past decades, continuous progress has been made in exploring and discovering novel, sensitive, specific, and accurate tumor biomarkers, which has significantly promoted personalized medicine and improved the outcomes of cancer patients, especially advances in molecular biology technologies developed for the detection of tumor biomarkers. Herein, we summarize the discovery and development of tumor biomarkers, including the history of tumor biomarkers, the conventional and innovative technologies used for biomarker discovery and detection, the classification of tumor biomarkers based on tissue origins, and the application of tumor biomarkers in clinical cancer management. In particular, we highlight the recent advancements in biomarker-based anticancer-targeted therapies which are emerging as breakthroughs and promising cancer therapeutic strategies. We also discuss limitations and challenges that need to be addressed and provide insights and perspectives to turn challenges into opportunities in this field. Collectively, the discovery and application of multiple tumor biomarkers emphasized in this review may provide guidance on improved precision medicine, broaden horizons in future research directions, and expedite the clinical classification of cancer patients according to their molecular biomarkers rather than organs of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiahao Qiu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Medicine, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinqi Guan
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Mu RQ, Lv JW, Ma CY, Ma XH, Xing D, Ma HS. Diagnostic performance of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging parameters and serum tumor markers in rectal carcinoma prognosis. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:1796-1807. [PMID: 38764818 PMCID: PMC11099448 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.1796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rectal carcinoma (RC), one of the most common malignancies globally, presents an increasing incidence and mortality year by year, especially among young people, which seriously affects the prognosis and quality of life of patients. At present, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) parameters and serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and CA125 Levels have been used in clinical practice to evaluate the T stage and differentiation of RC. However, the accuracy of these evaluation modalities still needs further research. This study explores the application and value of these methods in evaluating the T stage and differentiation degree of RC. AIM To analyze the diagnostic performance of DCE-MRI parameters combined with serum tumor markers (TMs) in assessing pathological processes and prognosis of RC patients. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on 104 RC patients treated at Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital from May 2018 to January 2022. Patients were categorized into stages T1, T2, T3, and T4, depending on their T stage and differentiation degree. In addition, they were assigned to low (L group) and moderate-high differentiation (M + H group) groups based on their differentiation degree. The levels of DCE-MRI parameters and serum CA19-9 and CA125 in different groups of patients were compared. In addition, the value of DCE-MRI parameters [volume transfer constant (Ktrans), rate constant (Kep), and extravascular extracellular volume fraction (Ve) in assessing the differentiation and T staging of RC patients was discussed. Furthermore, the usefulness of DCE-MRI parameters combined with serum CA19-9 and CA125 Levels in the evaluation of RC differentiation and T staging was analyzed. RESULTS Ktrans, Ve, CA19-9 and CA125 were higher in the high-stage group and L group than in the low-stage group and M + H Group, respectively (P < 0.05). The areas under the curve (AUCs) of the Ktran and Ve parameters were 0.638 and 0.694 in the diagnosis of high and low stages, respectively, and 0.672 and 0.725 in diagnosing moderate-high and low differentiation, respectively. The AUC of DCE-MRI parameters (Ktrans + Ve) in the diagnosis of high and low stages was 0.742, and the AUC in diagnosing moderate-high and low differentiation was 0.769. The AUCs of CA19-9 and CA-125 were 0.773 and 0.802 in the diagnosis of high and low stages, respectively, and 0.834 and 0.796 in diagnosing moderate-high and low differentiation, respectively. Then, we combined DCE-MRI (Ktrans + Ve) parameters with CA19-9 and CA-125 and found that the AUC of DCE-MRI parameters plus serum TMs was 0.836 in the diagnosis of high and low stages and 0.946 in the diagnosis of moderate-high and low differentiation. According to the Delong test, the AUC of DCE-MRI parameters plus serum TMs increased significantly compared with serum TMs alone in the diagnosis of T stage and differentiation degree (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The levels of the DCE-MRI parameters Ktrans and Ve and the serum TMs CA19-9 and CA125 all increase with increasing T stage and decreasing differentiation degree of RC and can be used as indices to evaluate the differentiation degree of RC in clinical practice. Moreover, the combined evaluation of the above indices has a better effect and more obvious clinical value, providing important guiding importance for clinical condition judgment and treatment selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Qi Mu
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Mountain Hospital, Yantai 264001, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jun-Wei Lv
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cai-Yun Ma
- Department of Gynaecology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Ma
- The First Clinical Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Dong Xing
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hou-Sheng Ma
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
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Bhadra M, Sachan M, Nara S. Current strategies for early epithelial ovarian cancer detection using miRNA as a potential tool. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1361601. [PMID: 38690293 PMCID: PMC11058280 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1361601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most aggressive and significant malignant tumor forms in the female reproductive system. It is the leading cause of death among gynecological cancers owing to its metastasis. Since its preliminary disease symptoms are lacking, it is imperative to develop early diagnostic biomarkers to aid in treatment optimization and personalization. In this vein, microRNAs, which are short sequence non-coding molecules, displayed great potential as highly specific and sensitive biomarker. miRNAs have been extensively advocated and proven to serve an instrumental part in the clinical management of cancer, especially ovarian cancer, by promoting the cancer cell progression, invasion, delayed apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis of cancer cells, chemosensitivity and resistance and disease therapy. Here, we cover our present comprehension of the most up-to-date microRNA-based approaches to detect ovarian cancer, as well as current diagnostic and treatment strategies, the role of microRNAs as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, and their significance in ovarian cancer progression, prognosis, and therapy.
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Watcharanurak P, Mutirangura A, Aksornkitti V, Bhummaphan N, Puttipanyalears C. The high FKBP1A expression in WBCs as a potential screening biomarker for pancreatic cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7888. [PMID: 38570626 PMCID: PMC10991374 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58324-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the limitation of current routine approaches for pancreatic cancer screening and detection, the mortality rate of pancreatic cancer cases is still critical. The development of blood-based molecular biomarkers for pancreatic cancer screening and early detection which provide less-invasive, high-sensitivity, and cost-effective, is urgently needed. The goal of this study is to identify and validate the potential molecular biomarkers in white blood cells (WBCs) of pancreatic cancer patients. Gene expression profiles of pancreatic cancer patients from NCBI GEO database were analyzed by CU-DREAM. Then, mRNA expression levels of three candidate genes were determined by quantitative RT-PCR in WBCs of pancreatic cancer patients (N = 27) and healthy controls (N = 51). ROC analysis was performed to assess the performance of each candidate gene. A total of 29 upregulated genes were identified and three selected genes were performed gene expression analysis. Our results revealed high mRNA expression levels in WBCs of pancreatic cancer patients in all selected genes, including FKBP1A (p < 0.0001), PLD1 (p < 0.0001), and PSMA4 (p = 0.0002). Among candidate genes, FKBP1A mRNA expression level was remarkably increased in the pancreatic cancer samples and also in the early stage (p < 0.0001). Moreover, FKBP1A showed the greatest performance to discriminate patients with pancreatic cancer from healthy individuals than other genes with the 88.9% sensitivity, 84.3% specificity, and 90.1% accuracy. Our findings demonstrated that the alteration of FKBP1A gene in WBCs serves as a novel valuable biomarker for patients with pancreatic cancer. Detection of FKBP1A mRNA expression level in circulating WBCs, providing high-sensitive, less-invasive, and cost-effective, is simple and feasible for routine clinical setting that can be applied for pancreatic cancer screening and early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Apiwat Mutirangura
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama IV Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer and Human Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Vitavat Aksornkitti
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama IV Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Narumol Bhummaphan
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Sabbasastravicaya Building, Phayathai Road. Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Charoenchai Puttipanyalears
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama IV Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer and Human Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Lu YY, Li YX, He M, Wang YL. Laparoscopic vs open surgery for gastric cancer: Assessing time, recovery, complications, and markers. World J Gastrointest Surg 2024; 16:40-48. [PMID: 38328321 PMCID: PMC10845286 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v16.i1.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Morbidity and mortality have increased in recent years, making it an urgent issue to address. Laparoscopic radical surgery (LRS) is a crucial method for treating patients with GC; However, its influence on tumor markers is still under investigation. AIM To determine the effects of LRS on patients with GC and their serum tumor markers. METHODS The data of 194 patients treated at Chongqing University Cancer Hospital between January 2018 and January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients who underwent traditional open surgery and LRS were assigned to the control (n = 90) and observation groups (n = 104), respectively. Independent sample t-tests and χ2 tests were used to compare the two groups based on clinical efficacy, changes in tumor marker levels after treatment, clinical data, and the incidence of postoperative complications. To investigate the association between tumor marker levels and clinical efficacy in patients with GC, three-year recurrence rates in the two groups were compared. RESULTS Patients in the observation group had a shorter duration of operation, less intraoperative blood loss, an earlier postoperative eating time, and a shorter hospital stay than those in the control group (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding the number of lymph node dissections (P > 0.05). After treatment, the overall response rate in the control group was significantly lower than that in the observation group (P = 0.001). Furthermore, after treatment, the levels of carbohydrate antigen 19-9, cancer antigen 72-4, carcinoembryonic antigen, and cancer antigen 125 decreased significantly. The observation group also exhibited a significantly lower incidence rate of postoperative complications compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Additionally, the two groups did not significantly differ in terms of three-year survival and recurrence rates (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION LRS effectively treats early gastric cancer by reducing intraoperative bleeding, length of hospital stays, and postoperative complications. It also significantly lowers tumor marker levels, thus improving the short-term prognosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yao Lu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yun-Xiao Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Meng He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Ya-Li Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
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Zhou DB, Cheng J, Zhang XH. Evaluating combined bevacizumab and XELOX in advanced colorectal cancer: Serum markers carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 125, carbohydrate antigen 199 analysis. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:15-23. [PMID: 38292648 PMCID: PMC10824169 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer ranks third and second among common and fatal cancers. The treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is generally based on XELOX in clinical practice, which includes capecitabine (CAP) and oxaliplatin. Serum tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen (CA) 125 and CA199 are prognostic factors for various tumors. AIM To investigate evaluating combined bevacizumab (BEV) and XELOX in advanced colorectal cancer: Serum markers CEA, CA125, CA199 analysis. METHODS In this retrospective study, a total of 94 elderly patients diagnosed with mCRC were recruited and subsequently categorized into two groups based on the distinct treatment modalities they received. The control group was treated with XELOX plus CAP (n = 47), while the observation group was treated with XELOX plus CAP and BEV (n = 47). Several indexes were assessed in both groups, including disease control rate (DCR), incidence of adverse effects, serum marker levels (CEA, CA125, and CA19) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS After 9 wk of treatment, the serum levels of CEA, CA199 and CA125 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the PFS of the observation group (9.12 ± 0.90 mo) was significantly longer than that of the control group (6.49 ± 0.64 mo). Meanwhile, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions and DCR between the two groups during maintenance therapy (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION On the basis of XELOX treatment, the combination of BEV and CAP can reduce serum tumor marker levels and prolong PFS in patients with mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Bing Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Jingzhou Hubei, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Qianjiang Central Hospital, Qianjing 433100, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiong-Hui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiantao First People's Hosepital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Xiantao 433000, Hubei Province, China
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21
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Feng R, Cheng DX, Chen XC, Yang L, Wu H. Application of sintilimab combined with anlotinib hydrochloride in the clinical treatment of microsatellite stable colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:1925-1935. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i11.1925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microsatellite stable (MSS) colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common type of tumor with limited treatment options. Sintilimab and anlotinib hydrochloride are two extensively studied anticancer drugs.
AIM To probe the clinical value of combining sintilimab with anlotinib hydrochloride in MSS CRC treatment.
METHODS During the period spanning from April 2019 to April 2022, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital accommodated a cohort of 92 patients diagnosed with MSS CRC who were classified into two distinct groups in our study, the observation group and the control group. The control group was administered anlotinib hydrochloride as their designated therapy, whereas the observation group received the additional treatment of sintilimab in conjunction with the therapy assigned to the control group. The administration of treatment occurred in cycles consisting of a duration of 3 wk, and the evaluation of effectiveness took place subsequent to the completion of two consecutive cycles of treatment within both groups. A comparative analysis between the two groups was conducted to assess the short-term efficacy and ascertain the incidence of adverse events transpiring throughout the duration of the treatment period. Changes in the levels of carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199), CA125, and T cell subsets (CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+) as well as the assessment of the quality of life using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 were compared between the two groups prior to and subsequent to therapy. Finally, a 1-year follow-up was conducted for both groups of patients, and the survival status was recorded and analyzed.
RESULTS The short-term effectiveness displayed by the observation group surpassed that exhibited by the control group, with a statistically significant discrepancy (76.09% vs 50.00%), reaching a significance level denoted as P < 0.05. Following the administration of treatment, the observation group manifested a considerable reduction in numerous serum indicators, which were found to be lower than the corresponding pretreatment levels within the same group as well as the post-treatment levels observed in the control group (P < 0.05). Post-treatment, the T lymphocyte subset levels within the observation group demonstrated a remarkable amelioration, surpassing the corresponding pre-treatment levels observed within the same group as well as the post-treatment levels observed in the control group (P < 0.05). Subsequent to the therapeutic intervention, the observation group showcased a notable amelioration in the scores associated with multiple dimensions of life quality. These scores outperformed the pretreatment scores within the same group as well as the post-treatment scores observed in the control group (P < 0.05). The safety levels of drug use in the two group were comparable (19.57% vs 13.04%), and no distinct difference was observed upon comparison (P > 0.05). After the completion of treatment, both groups of patients underwent a 1-year follow-up outside the hospital. Throughout this period, 1 patient within the observation group and 2 patients within the control group became untraceable and were lost to follow-up. During the follow-up period of the observation group, 12 patients died, resulting in a survival rate of 73.33% (33/45), while in the control group, 21 patients died, resulting in a survival rate of 52.27% (23/44). The implementation of Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed a conspicuous contrast in survival rates exhibited by the two groups (log-rank = 4.710, P = 0.030).
CONCLUSION The combination of sintilimab and anlotinib hydrochloride demonstrated favorable efficacy in the treatment of MSS CRC patients, leading to improvements in patient immunity and prognosis. Additionally, it exerted inhibitory effects on the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen, CA199, and CA125.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Feng
- Department of Interventional Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - De-Xin Cheng
- Department of Interventional Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Chen
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
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22
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Volpini C, Bloise N, Dominoni M, Barra F, Vellone VG, Minzioni P, Gardella B, Ferrero S, Visai L. The nano-revolution in the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:17313-17325. [PMID: 37874212 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03527a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a painful gynecological disease with a high prevalence, affecting millions of women worldwide. Innovative, non-invasive treatments, and new patient follow-up strategies are needed to deal with the harmful social and economic effects. In this scenario, considering the recent, very promising results already reported in the literature, a commitment to new research in the field of nanomedicine is urgently needed. Study findings clearly show the potential of this approach in both the diagnostic and therapeutic phases of endometriosis. Here, we offer a brief review of the recent exciting and effective applications of nanomedicine in both the diagnosis and therapy of endometriosis. Special emphasis will be placed on the emerging theranostic application of nanoproducts, and the combination of phototherapy and nanotechnology as new therapeutic modalities for endometriosis. The review will also provide interested readers with a guide to the selection process and parameters to consider when designing research into this type of approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Volpini
- Molecular Medicine Department (DMM), Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), UdR INSTM, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
- Medicina Clinica-Specialistica, UOR5 Laboratorio di Nanotecnologie, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the promotion of the 3Rs principles in teaching and research (Centro 3R), University of Pavia Unit, Italy
| | - Nora Bloise
- Molecular Medicine Department (DMM), Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), UdR INSTM, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
- Medicina Clinica-Specialistica, UOR5 Laboratorio di Nanotecnologie, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the promotion of the 3Rs principles in teaching and research (Centro 3R), University of Pavia Unit, Italy
| | - Mattia Dominoni
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabio Barra
- Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valerio Gaetano Vellone
- Anatomia Patologica Universitaria, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Diagnostiche Integrate (DISC), Università di Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Minzioni
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Barbara Gardella
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Simone Ferrero
- Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.
- DINOGMI, University of Genova, Italy
| | - Livia Visai
- Molecular Medicine Department (DMM), Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), UdR INSTM, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
- Medicina Clinica-Specialistica, UOR5 Laboratorio di Nanotecnologie, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the promotion of the 3Rs principles in teaching and research (Centro 3R), University of Pavia Unit, Italy
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Koufopoulos N, Pouliakis A, Boutas I, Samaras MG, Kontogeorgi A, Dimas D, Sitara K, Zacharatou A, Zanelli M, Palicelli A. Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis from Ovarian Carcinoma: A Systematic Review of the Literature. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1532. [PMID: 38003846 PMCID: PMC10672146 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13111532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Axillary lymph node metastasis is a rare stage IV ovarian carcinoma manifestation. This manuscript aims to systematically review the literature regarding axillary lymph node metastasis from ovarian carcinoma. METHODS We searched three medical internet databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) for relevant articles published until 22 July 2023. Cases describing supraclavicular or intramammary lymph node metastases and concurrent metastasis to the breast were excluded. RESULTS After applying eligibility/inclusion and exclusion criteria, twenty-one manuscripts describing twenty-five cases were included from the English literature. Data were collected and analyzed regarding demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiological, histopathological, and oncological characteristics. CONCLUSIONS We analyzed the clinical and oncological characteristics of patients with axillary lymph node metastasis from ovarian carcinoma, presented either as an initial diagnosis of the disease or as a recurrent disease. The analysis we performed showed a significant difference only in the serum CA-125 level (p = 0.004) between the two groups. There was no observed difference in womens' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nektarios Koufopoulos
- Second Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (M.G.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Abraham Pouliakis
- Second Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (M.G.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Ioannis Boutas
- Breast Unit, Rea Maternity Hospital, Palaio Faliro, 17564 Athens, Greece;
| | - Menelaos G. Samaras
- Second Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (M.G.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Adamantia Kontogeorgi
- 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece;
| | - Dionysios Dimas
- Breast Unit, Athens Medical Center, Psychiko Clinic, 11525 Athens, Greece;
| | - Kyparissia Sitara
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Elpis” General Hospital of Athens, 11522 Athens, Greece;
| | - Andriani Zacharatou
- Second Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (M.G.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Magda Zanelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Andrea Palicelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
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24
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Craig O, Nigam A, Dall GV, Gorringe K. Rare Epithelial Ovarian Cancers: Low Grade Serous and Mucinous Carcinomas. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2023; 13:a038190. [PMID: 37277207 PMCID: PMC10513165 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The ovarian epithelial cancer histotypes can be divided into common and rare types. Common types include high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas and the endometriosis-associated cancers, endometrioid and clear-cell carcinomas. The less common histotypes are mucinous and low-grade serous, each comprising less than 10% of all epithelial carcinomas. Although histologically and epidemiologically distinct from each other, these histotypes share some genetic and natural history features that distinguish them from the more common types. In this review, we will consider the similarities and differences of these rare histological types, and the clinical challenges they pose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Craig
- Department of Laboratory Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Abhimanyu Nigam
- Department of Laboratory Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | | | - Kylie Gorringe
- Department of Laboratory Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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25
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Tan X, Zou S, Chen H, Chen D. Comparison of paclitaxel liposomes combined with carboplatin versus paclitaxel combined with carboplatin in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231200267. [PMID: 37756606 PMCID: PMC10683573 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231200267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of paclitaxel liposomes combined with carboplatin and paclitaxel combined with carboplatin in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer and assess their effects on serum human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), CA125, CA199, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2), MMP-7, and MMP-9 levels. METHODS In this observational study, 102 patients with advanced ovarian cancer were assigned to receive paclitaxel liposomes combined with carboplatin (Group A) or paclitaxel combined with carboplatin (Group B). Clinical efficacy; serum HE4, CA125, CA199, MMP-2, MMP-7, and MMP-9 levels; and the occurrence of adverse reactions were compared between the groups. RESULTS The overall response rate was significantly higher in Group A than in Group B. After chemotherapy, serum HE4, CA125, CA199, MMP-2, MMP-7, and MMP-9 levels were lower in Group A than in Group B. The incidence of myalgia, dyspnea, nausea and vomiting, facial flushing, peripheral neuropathy, and skin rash was lower in Group A than in Group B. CONCLUSION Paclitaxel liposomes combined with carboplatin displayed better efficacy in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer than paclitaxel combined with carboplatin, which might be attributable to reductions in serum marker levels and the occurrence of adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbin Tan
- Department of Oncology, The 909th Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 269 Zhanghua Middle Road, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shuangyou Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The 909th Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 269 Zhanghua Middle Road, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The 909th Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 269 Zhanghua Middle Road, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dachao Chen
- Department of Oncology, The 909th Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 269 Zhanghua Middle Road, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
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26
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Matsas A, Stefanoudakis D, Troupis T, Kontzoglou K, Eleftheriades M, Christopoulos P, Panoskaltsis T, Stamoula E, Iliopoulos DC. Tumor Markers and Their Diagnostic Significance in Ovarian Cancer. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1689. [PMID: 37629546 PMCID: PMC10455076 DOI: 10.3390/life13081689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is characterized by silent progression and late-stage diagnosis. It is critical to detect and accurately diagnose the disease early to improve survival rates. Tumor markers have emerged as valuable tools in the diagnosis and management of OC, offering non-invasive and cost-effective options for screening, monitoring, and prognosis. PURPOSE This paper explores the diagnostic importance of various tumor markers including CA-125, CA15-3, CA 19-9, HE4,hCG, inhibin, AFP, and LDH, and their impact on disease monitoring and treatment response assessment. METHODS Article searches were performed on PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Keywords used for the searching process were "Ovarian cancer", "Cancer biomarkers", "Early detection", "Cancer diagnosis", "CA-125","CA 15-3","CA 19-9", "HE4","hCG", "inhibin", "AFP", "LDH", and others. RESULTS HE4, when combined with CA-125, shows improved sensitivity and specificity, particularly in early-stage detection. Additionally, hCG holds promise as a prognostic marker, aiding treatment response prediction and outcome assessment. Novel markers like microRNAs, DNA methylation patterns, and circulating tumor cells offer potential for enhanced diagnostic accuracy and personalized management. Integrating these markers into a comprehensive panel may improve sensitivity and specificity in ovarian cancer diagnosis. However, careful interpretation of tumor marker results is necessary, considering factors such as age, menopausal status, and comorbidities. Further research is needed to validate and refine diagnostic algorithms, optimizing the clinical significance of tumor markers in ovarian cancer management. In conclusion, tumor markers such as CA-125, CA15-3, CA 19-9, HE4, and hCG provide valuable insights into ovarian cancer diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis, with the potential to enhance early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alkis Matsas
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research ‘N.S. Christeas’, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Stefanoudakis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, “Aretaieion” University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodore Troupis
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, MikrasAsias Str. 75, 11627 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kontzoglou
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research ‘N.S. Christeas’, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Makarios Eleftheriades
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, “Aretaieion” University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Christopoulos
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, “Aretaieion” University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Panoskaltsis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, “Aretaieion” University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Stamoula
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios C. Iliopoulos
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research ‘N.S. Christeas’, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Zhao Z, Sun C, Hou J, Yu P, Wei Y, Bai R, Yang P. Identification of STEAP3-based molecular subtype and risk model in ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:126. [PMID: 37386521 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01218-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common malignancies in women. It has a poor prognosis owing to its recurrence and metastasis. Unfortunately, reliable markers for early diagnosis and prognosis of OC are lacking. Our research aimed to investigate the value of the six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate family member 3 (STEAP3) as a prognostic predictor and therapeutic target in OC using bioinformatics analysis. METHODS STEAP3 expression and clinical data were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Unsupervised clustering was used to identify molecular subtypes. Prognosis, tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), stemness indexes, and functional enrichment analysis were compared between two definite clusters. Through the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis, a STEAP3-based risk model was developed, and the predictive effectiveness of this signature was confirmed using GEO datasets. A nomogram was used to predict the survival possibility of patients. Additionally, TIME, tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE), stemness indexes, somatic mutations, and drug sensitivity were evaluated in different risk groups with OC. STEAP3 protein expression was detected using immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS STEAP3 displayed marked overexpression in OC. STEAP3 is an independent risk factor for OC. Based on the mRNA levels of STEAP3-related genes (SRGs), two distinct clusters were identified. Patients in the cluster 2 (C2) subgroup had a considerably worse prognosis, higher immune cell infiltration, and lower stemness scores. Pathways involved in tumorigenesis and immunity were highly enriched in the C2 subgroup. A prognostic model based on 13 SRGs was further developed. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that the overall survival (OS) of high-risk patients was poor. The risk score was significantly associated with TIME, TIDE, stemness indexes, tumor mutation burden (TMB), immunotherapy response, and drug sensitivity. Finally, IHC revealed that STEAP3 protein expression was noticeably elevated in OC, and overexpression of STEAP3 predicted poor OS and relapse-free survival (RFS) of patients. CONCLUSION In summary, this study revealed that STEAP3 reliably predicts patient prognosis and provides novel ideas for OC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zouyu Zhao
- First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Chongfeng Sun
- First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jishuai Hou
- First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Panpan Yu
- First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yan Wei
- First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Rui Bai
- First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Ping Yang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
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28
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Bizoń M, Awiżeń-Panufnik Z, Sawicki W. Comparison of Interleukin-6 with Other Markers in Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer. J Pers Med 2023; 13:980. [PMID: 37373969 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13060980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of specific symptoms in ovarian cancer delays onset of the diagnostic process. Hence, most cases are recognized in late stages of the disease. The aim of this study was to confirm the role of Il-6 compared to other markers in diagnosis and survival in ovarian cancer. The database was collected from 13 January 2021 to 15 February 2023. In total, 101 patients with pelvic tumors with a mean age of 57.86 ± 16.39 participated in the study. In every case, CA125, HE4, CEA, CA19-9, Il-6, C-reactive protein and procalcitonin measurements were taken. Patients with ovarian borderline tumor and metastatic ovarian tumors were excluded from further analysis. Statistically significant correlations were found between diagnosis of ovarian cancer and levels of CA125, HE4, CRP, PCT and Il-6. Comparison of Il-6 with other markers revealed that longer overall survival correlated with lower values of Il-6. In the case of a higher concentration of Il-6, OS and PFS were shorter. Sensitivity and specificity of Il-6 in diagnosis of ovarian cancer were 46.8% and 77.8%, respectively, while for CA125, CRP and PCT were 76.6% and 63%; 68% and 57.5%; 36% and 77%, respectively. More investigations are needed to identify the most specific and sensitive marker for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Bizoń
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, 03-242 Warszawa, Poland
- LUX MED Oncology Hospital, sw. Wincentego 103, 03-291 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Zofia Awiżeń-Panufnik
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, 03-242 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Sawicki
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, 03-242 Warszawa, Poland
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29
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Mandato VD, Torricelli F, Mastrofilippo V, Palicelli A, Costagliola L, Aguzzoli L. Primary Ovarian Leiomyosarcoma Is a Very Rare Entity: A Narrative Review of the Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112953. [PMID: 37296915 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary ovarian leiomyosarcoma is a very rare malignancy characterized by unclear management and poor survival. We reviewed all the cases of primary ovarian leiomyosarcoma to identify prognostic factors and the best treatment. METHODS We collected and analyzed the articles published in the English literature regarding primary ovarian leiomyosarcoma from January 1951 to September 2022, using PubMed research. Clinical and pathological characteristics, different treatments and outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS 113 cases of primary ovarian leiomyosarcoma were included. Most patients received surgical resection, associated with lymphadenectomy in 12.5% of cases. About 40% of patients received chemotherapy. Follow-up information was available for 100/113 (88.5%) patients. Stage and mitotic count were confirmed to affect survival, and lymphadenectomy and chemotherapy were associated with a better survival rate. A total of 43.4% of patients relapsed, and their mean disease-free survival was 12.5 months. CONCLUSIONS Primary ovarian leiomyosarcomas are more common in women in their 50s (mean age 53 years). Most of them are at an early stage at presentation. Advanced stage and mitotic count showed a detrimental effect on survival. Surgical excision associated with lymphadenectomy and chemotherapy are associated with increased survival. An international registry could help collect clear and reliable data to standardize the diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Dario Mandato
- Unit of Obstetrics and Oncological Gynecology, Azienda USL-IRCCS di, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Federica Torricelli
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS di, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Valentina Mastrofilippo
- Unit of Obstetrics and Oncological Gynecology, Azienda USL-IRCCS di, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Andrea Palicelli
- Unit of Pathology, Azienda USL-IRCCS di, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Luigi Costagliola
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Santa Maria delle Grazie Hospital, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Aguzzoli
- Unit of Obstetrics and Oncological Gynecology, Azienda USL-IRCCS di, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Zhang J, Ding H, Zhang F, Xu Y, Liang W, Huang L. New trends in diagnosing and treating ovarian cancer using nanotechnology. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1160985. [PMID: 37082219 PMCID: PMC10110946 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1160985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer stands as the fifth most prevalent cancer among women, causing more mortalities than any other disease of the female reproductive system. There are numerous histological subtypes of ovarian cancer, each of which has distinct clinical characteristics, risk factors, cell origins, molecular compositions, and therapeutic options. Typically, it is identified at a late stage, and there is no efficient screening method. Standard therapies for newly diagnosed cancer are cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy. The difficulties of traditional therapeutic procedures encourage researchers to search for other approaches, such as nanotechnology. Due to the unique characteristics of matter at the nanoscale, nanomedicine has emerged as a potent tool for creating novel drug carriers that are more effective and have fewer adverse effects than traditional treatments. Nanocarriers including liposomes, dendrimers, polymer nanoparticles, and polymer micelles have unique properties in surface chemistry, morphology, and mechanism of action that can distinguish between malignant and normal cells, paving the way for targeted drug delivery. In contrast to their non-functionalized counterparts, the development of functionalized nano-formulations with specific ligands permits selective targeting of ovarian cancers and ultimately increases the therapeutic potential. This review focuses on the application of various nanomaterials to the treatment and diagnosis of ovarian cancer, their advantages over conventional treatment methods, and the effective role of controlled drug delivery systems in the therapy of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Shaoxing Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shaoxing, China
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Haigang Ding
- Department of Gynecology, Shaoxing Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shaoxing, China
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Shaoxing Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shaoxing, China
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Intensive Care Unit, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Wenqing Liang
- Medical Research Center, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China
- *Correspondence: Liping Huang, ; Wenqing Liang,
| | - Liping Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China
- *Correspondence: Liping Huang, ; Wenqing Liang,
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Through the Looking Glass: Updated Insights on Ovarian Cancer Diagnostics. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13040713. [PMID: 36832201 PMCID: PMC9955065 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13040713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the deadliest gynaecological malignancy and the eighth most prevalent cancer in women, with an abysmal mortality rate of two million worldwide. The existence of multiple overlapping symptoms with other gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and gynaecological maladies often leads to late-stage diagnosis and extensive extra-ovarian metastasis. Due to the absence of any clear early-stage symptoms, current tools only aid in the diagnosis of advanced-stage patients, wherein the 5-year survival plummets further to less than 30%. Therefore, there is a dire need for the identification of novel approaches that not only allow early diagnosis of the disease but also have a greater prognostic value. Toward this, biomarkers provide a gamut of powerful and dynamic tools to allow the identification of a spectrum of different malignancies. Both serum cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) and human epididymis 4 (HE4) are currently being used in clinics not only for EOC but also peritoneal and GI tract cancers. Screening of multiple biomarkers is gradually emerging as a beneficial strategy for early-stage diagnosis, proving instrumental in administration of first-line chemotherapy. These novel biomarkers seem to exhibit an enhanced potential as a diagnostic tool. This review summarizes existing knowledge of the ever-growing field of biomarker identification along with potential future ones, especially for ovarian cancer.
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Current Update on Nanotechnology-Based Approaches in Ovarian Cancer Therapy. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:335-349. [PMID: 35585292 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00968-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among women. The drawbacks of conventional therapeutic strategies encourage researchers to look for alternative strategies, including nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is one of the upcoming domains of science that is rechanneled towards targeted cancer therapy and diagnosis. Nanocarriers such as dendrimers, liposomes, polymer micelles, and polymer nanoparticles present distinct surface characteristics in morphology, surface chemistry, and mode of action that help differentiate normal and malignant cells, which paves the way for target-specific drug delivery. Similarly, nanoparticles have been strategically utilized as efficacious vehicles to deliver drugs that alter the epigenetic modifications in epigenetic therapy. Some studies suggest that the use of specialized target-modified nanoparticles in siRNA-based nanotherapy prevents internalization and improves the antitumor activity of siRNA by ensuring unrestrained entry of siRNA into the tumor vasculature and efficient intracellular delivery of siRNA. Moreover, research findings highlight the significance of utilizing nanoparticles as depots for photosensitive drugs in photodynamic therapy. The applicability of nanoparticles is further extended to medical imaging. They serve as contrast agents in combination with conventional imaging modalities such as MRI, CT, and fluorescence-based imaging to produce vivid and enhanced images of tumors. Therefore, this review aims to explore and delve deeper into the advent of various nanotechnology-based therapeutic and imaging techniques that provide non-invasive and effective means to tackle ovarian cancers.
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Huang Y, Li S, Bhethanabotla V. Combining plasmon-enhanced fluorescence with Rayleigh surface acoustic waves to quantify Carcinoembryonic Antigen from human plasma. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 219:114822. [PMID: 36279823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To improve the direct quantification of Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) from body fluids by immunofluorescence, a surface acoustic wave (SAW) based biosensor was developed combined with an optimized silver nanostructure at the sensing region. Fluorescence signal amplification is achieved by patterning silver nanostructures using the rapid thermal annealing (RTA) method. In addition, the problem of background noise interference from nonspecific binding in human plasma is addressed by Rayleigh wave streaming at the immunoassay region, which shows a reduction in the limit of detection. The results show that the silver nanostructures significantly increase the sensor sensitivity by 49.99-fold and lower the limit of detection of CEA in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution to 101.94 pg/mL. The limit of detection of CEA biomarker in human plasma was successfully brought down to 11.81 ng/mL by reducing background noise using Rayleigh SAW streaming. This allows for a point-of-need sensor system to be realized in various clinical biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Huang
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Shuangming Li
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Venkat Bhethanabotla
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
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Taguchi M, Bouchi R, Fukuda T, Ihana-Sugiyama N, Kodani N, Ohsugi M, Tanabe A, Ueki K, Kajio H. Clinical significance of tumor markers in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective observational study. Diabetol Int 2023; 14:40-50. [PMID: 36636164 PMCID: PMC9829951 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-022-00594-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Aim To cross-sectionally and longitudinally investigate the association between tumor markers (Cancer embryonic antigen (CEA) Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9)) and malignancies in type 2 diabetes patients without evidence of malignancy. Materials and Methods The study included 707 patients admitted for the treatment of diabetes from 1 August 2010 to 1 September 2018. Serum CEA and CA19-9 levels were measured for screening of malignancies at admission. Abdominal ultrasonography, computed tomography, and endoscopy were performed for close examination. The percentage of patients diagnosed with malignancy was calculated, and among those without malignancy, the incidence of malignancies was examined after discharge. Results A total of 26 patients (3.7%) were newly diagnosed with malignancy during hospitalization. The optimal cut-off value of CEA and CA19-9 by receiver operating characteristic analysis was 5.0 ng/mL and 75 U/mL, and their positive predictive values (PPV) were 8.7% and 22.5%, respectively. The addition of CA19-9 to age, smoking status, body mass index, and glycated hemoglobin significantly improved classification performance for malignancy using net reclassification improvement (0.682, 95% CI 0.256-1.107) and integrated discrimination improvement (0.150, 95% CI 0.007-0.294). Among 681 patients without malignancies during hospitalization, 30 patients (4.4%) developed malignancies during an average follow-up of 3.9 years. CA19-9 (hazard ratio: 1.005, 95% CI: 1.003-1.008) was associated with the development of malignancies. Conclusions PPV of serum CEA and CA19-9 for detecting malignancy was high in type 2 diabetes patients with poor glycemic control. Measuring CA19-9 was found to be valuable to cross-sectionally and longitudinally detect malignancies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13340-022-00594-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Taguchi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655 Japan
| | - Ryotaro Bouchi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655 Japan
- Diabetes and Metabolism Information Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Fukuda
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Ohkubo Hospital, 2-44-1 Kabuki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8488 Japan
| | - Noriko Ihana-Sugiyama
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655 Japan
- Diabetes and Metabolism Information Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655 Japan
| | - Noriko Kodani
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655 Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ohsugi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655 Japan
- Diabetes and Metabolism Information Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655 Japan
| | - Akiyo Tanabe
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655 Japan
| | - Kohjiro Ueki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655 Japan
- Diabetes Research Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kajio
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655 Japan
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Protein Glycosylation as Biomarkers in Gynecologic Cancers. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12123177. [PMID: 36553184 PMCID: PMC9777642 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gynecologic cancers are the leading cause of death in women. Endometrial, ovarian, and cervical cancer are the three main types of gynecologic cancers. Poor prognoses and high mortality rates of advanced-stage cancer are still challenges of all three types. Diagnostic tools for early cancer detection could be the cornerstone for further cancer treatment and prevention. Glycosylation plays a vital role in cell proliferation, adhesion, motility, and angiogenesis, and is aberrantly expressed in cancer cells. Alterations of glycosylation may represent promising biomarkers with potential diagnostic and monitoring applications, as well as disease prognosis. Many glycosylated biomarkers, including glycoprotein, glycan, and enzyme, were discovered and well-studied for application in gynecologic cancers. Some of them have been developed as targets for cancer treatment. The use of certain biomarkers for diagnostics and monitoring of gynecologic cancers has clinical advantages, as it is quantitative, comparable, convenient, and inexpensive. However, one of the single markers have sufficient sensitivity for the screening of gynecologic cancers. In this review, we introduced the details of glycosylation and the current application of glycosylated biomarkers in these three cancers. Moreover, we also reviewed the different roles of each biomarker in other cancers and aimed to understand these glycosylated biomarkers comprehensively.
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36
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Ovarian cancer detection using optimized machine learning models with adaptive differential evolution. Biomed Signal Process Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2022.103785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Liberto JM, Chen SY, Shih IM, Wang TH, Wang TL, Pisanic TR. Current and Emerging Methods for Ovarian Cancer Screening and Diagnostics: A Comprehensive Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2885. [PMID: 35740550 PMCID: PMC9221480 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
With a 5-year survival rate of less than 50%, ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is one of the most highly aggressive gynecological malignancies affecting women today. The high mortality rate of HGSC is largely attributable to delays in diagnosis, as most patients remain undiagnosed until the late stages of -disease. There are currently no recommended screening tests for ovarian cancer and there thus remains an urgent need for new diagnostic methods, particularly those that can detect the disease at early stages when clinical intervention remains effective. While diagnostics for ovarian cancer share many of the same technical hurdles as for other cancer types, the low prevalence of the disease in the general population, coupled with a notable lack of sensitive and specific biomarkers, have made the development of a clinically useful screening strategy particularly challenging. Here, we present a detailed review of the overall landscape of ovarian cancer diagnostics, with emphasis on emerging methods that employ novel protein, genetic, epigenetic and imaging-based biomarkers and/or advanced diagnostic technologies for the noninvasive detection of HGSC, particularly in women at high risk due to germline mutations such as BRCA1/2. Lastly, we discuss the translational potential of these approaches for achieving a clinically implementable solution for screening and diagnostics of early-stage ovarian cancer as a means of ultimately improving patient outcomes in both the general and high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane M. Liberto
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (J.M.L.); (I.-M.S.); (T.-L.W.)
| | - Sheng-Yin Chen
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 33302 Taoyuan, Taiwan;
| | - Ie-Ming Shih
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (J.M.L.); (I.-M.S.); (T.-L.W.)
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
| | - Tza-Huei Wang
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Tian-Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (J.M.L.); (I.-M.S.); (T.-L.W.)
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
| | - Thomas R. Pisanic
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Association between Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity and Risk of Ovarian Malignancy in Middle-Aged and Elderly Women. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1062703. [PMID: 35663045 PMCID: PMC9159886 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1062703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the risk of ovarian malignancy in middle-aged and elderly women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its correlation with disease activity. Methods 219 middle-aged and elderly (age ≥ 40) female RA patients who were treated at the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from August 2019 to September 2020 were selected. Their general information such as age and medical history was collected. RA disease activity-related indicators include rheumatoid factor (RF), anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA), ESR, CRP, and ovarian malignancy risk-related indicators including alpha fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA125, CA199, and human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) were detected. According to Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm (ROMA), they were divided into a low-risk group (ROMA-low, premenopausal: ROMA ≤ 11.4%, postmenopausal: ROMA ≤ 29.9%) and a high-risk group (ROMA-high, premenopausal: ROMA > 11.4%, postmenopausal: ROMA > 29.9%) for ovarian malignancy. Meanwhile, according to the DAS28-ESR, they were divided into the general disease activity group (DAS28-ESR ≤ 5.1) and the high disease activity group (DAS28-ESR > 5.1). SPSS 25.0 software was used to compare the differences among groups and to analyze the correlation between ovarian malignancy risk and RA disease activity. Results Compared with the ROMA-low group, the levels of RF, ACCP, CDAI, SDAI, DAS28-ESR, and DAS28-CRP in the ROMA-high group were significantly increased (P < 0.05). HE4 and ROMA in the high disease activity group were significantly higher than general disease activity group (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that age (r = 0.472), RF (r = 0.221), ACPA (r = 0.156), CDAI (r = 0.226), SDAI (r = 0.221), DAS28-ESR (r = 0.254), DAS28-CRP (r = 0.208), medications (r = 0.189), and CA199 (r = 0.250) were correlated with ROMA (P < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that ESR (OR = 1.11), SDAI (OR = 1.02), DAS28-ESR (OR = 1.33), DAS28-CRP (OR = 1.26), and CA199 (OR = 1.03) were independent risk factors for high risk of ovarian malignancy (P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that CA199 is an effect modification factor for DAS28-ESR (P < 0.05). Conclusion The risk of ovarian malignancy is significantly increased in middle-aged and elderly women with high disease activity with rheumatoid arthritis. In clinical, full attention should be paid to the risk of ovarian malignancy in this population. Screening in time, especially in patients with increased DAS28-ESR and CA199 at the same time, is needed.
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Deo A, Shrivastava D, Shanoo A. Giant Borderline Mucinous Cystadenoma: A Distressing Scenario. Cureus 2022; 14:e23968. [PMID: 35541292 PMCID: PMC9081803 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Gong XQ, Zhang Y. Develop a nomogram to predict overall survival of patients with borderline ovarian tumors. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:2115-2126. [PMID: 35321187 PMCID: PMC8895192 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i7.2115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) has been the concern of clinicians and patients. It is urgent to develop a model to predict the survival of patients with BOTs.
AIM To construct a nomogram to predict the likelihood of overall survival (OS) in patients with BOTs.
METHODS A total of 192 patients with histologically verified BOTs and 374 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) were retrospectively investigated for clinical characteristics and survival outcomes. A 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed to eliminate selection bias. Survival was analyzed by using the log-rank test and the restricted mean survival time (RMST). Next, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify meaningful independent prognostic factors. In addition, a nomogram model was developed to predict the 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival of patients with BOTs. The predictive performance of the model was assessed by using the concordance index (C-index), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA).
RESULTS For clinical data, there was no significant difference in body mass index, preoperative CA199 concentration, or tumor localization between the BOTs group and EOC group. Women with BOTs were significantly younger than those with EOC. There was a significant difference in menopausal status, parity, preoperative serum CA125 concentration, Federation International of gynecology and obstetrics (FIGO) stage, and whether patients accepted postoperative adjuvant therapy between the BOT and EOC group. After PSM, patients with BOTs had better overall survival than patients with EOC (P value = 0.0067); more importantly, the 5-year RMST of BOTs was longer than that of EOC (P value = 0.0002, 95%CI -1.137 to -0.263). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that diagnosed age and surgical type were independent risk factors for BOT patient OS (P value < 0.05). A nomogram was developed based on diagnosed age, preoperative serum CA125 and CA199 Levels, surgical type, FIGO stage, and tumor size. Moreover, the c-index (0.959, 95% confidence interval 0.8708–1.0472), calibration plot of 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS, and decision curve analysis indicated the accurate predictive ability of this model.
CONCLUSION Patients with BOTs had a better prognosis than patients with EOC. The nomogram we constructed might be helpful for clinicians in personalized treatment planning and patient counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qin Gong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
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Piper TB, Nielsen HJ, Christensen IJ. Serological cancer-associated protein biomarker levels at bowel endoscopy: Increased risk of subsequent primary malignancy. Tumour Biol 2022; 44:1-16. [PMID: 35180141 DOI: 10.3233/tub-211501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It was previously shown in three subpopulations that subjects not identified with colorectal cancer (CRC) at bowel endoscopy, but with increased serological cancer-associated protein biomarker levels had an increased risk of being diagnosed with subsequent malignant diseases. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to perform a pooled analysis of subjects from the three subpopulations and subsequently validate the results in an independent study. The study population denoted the training set includes N = 4,076 subjects with symptoms attributable to CRC and the independent validation set N = 3,774 similar subjects. METHODS Levels of CEA, CA19-9, TIMP-1 and YKL-40 were determined in blood samples collected prior to diagnostic bowel endoscopy. Follow-up of subjects not diagnosed with CRC at endoscopy, was ten years and identified subjects diagnosed with primary intra- or extra-colonic malignant diseases. The primary analysis was time to a newly diagnosed malignant disease and was analyzed with death as a competing risk in the training set. Subjects with HNPCC or FAP were excluded. The cumulated incidence was estimated for each biomarker and in a multivariate model. The resulting model was then validated on the second study population. RESULTS In the training set primary malignancies were identified in 515 (12.6%) of the 4,076 subjects, who had a colorectal endoscopy with non-malignant findings. In detail, 33 subjects were subsequently diagnosed with CRC and 482 subjects with various extra-colonic cancers. Multivariate additive analysis of the dichotomized biomarkers demonstrated that CEA (HR = 1.50, 95% CI:1.21-1.86, p < 0.001), CA19-9 (HR = 1.41, 95% CI:1.10-1.81, p = 0.007) and TIMP-1 (HR = 1.25 95% CI: 1.01-1.54, p = 0.041) were significant predictors of subsequent malignancy. The cumulated incidence at 5 years landmark time was 17% for those subjects with elevated CEA, CA19-9 and TIMP-1 versus 6.7% for those with low levels of all. When the model was applied to the validation set the cumulated 5-year incidence was 10.5% for subjects with elevated CEA, CA19-9 and TIMP-1 and 5.6% for subjects with low levels of all biomarkers. Further analysis demonstrated a significant interaction between TIMP-1 and age in the training set. The age dependency of TIMP-1 indicated a greater risk of malignancy in younger subjects if the biomarker was elevated. This observation was validated in the second set. CONCLUSION Elevated cancer-associated protein biomarker levels in subjects with non-malignant findings at large bowel endoscopy identifies subjects at increased risk of being diagnosed with subsequent primary malignancy. CEA, CA19-9 and TIMP-1 were significant predictors of malignant disease in this analysis. TIMP-1 was found dependent on age. The results were validated in an independent symptomatic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Piper
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Hans J Nielsen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Song H, Bak S, Kim I, Woo JY, Cho EJ, Choi YJ, Rha SE, Oh SA, Youn SY, Lee SJ. An Application of Machine Learning That Uses the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Metric, Mean Apparent Diffusion Coefficient, to Differentiate between the Histological Types of Ovarian Cancer. J Clin Med 2021; 11:jcm11010229. [PMID: 35011970 PMCID: PMC8745699 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This retrospective single-center study included patients diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) using preoperative pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the axial MRI maps that included the largest solid portion of the ovarian mass was analysed. The mean ADC values (ADCmean) were derived from the regions of interest (ROIs) of each largest solid portion. Logistic regression and three types of machine learning (ML) applications were used to analyse the ADCs and clinical factors. Of the 200 patients, 103 had high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), and 97 had non-HGSOC (endometrioid carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, and low-grade serous ovarian cancer). The median ADCmean of patients with HGSOC was significantly lower than that of patients without HGSOCs. Low ADCmean and CA 19-9 levels were independent predictors for HGSOC over non-HGSOC. Compared to stage I disease, stage III disease was associated with HGSOC. Gradient boosting machine and extreme gradient boosting machine showed the highest accuracy in distinguishing between the histological findings of HGSOC versus non-HGSOC and between the five histological types of EOC. In conclusion, ADCmean, disease stage at diagnosis, and CA 19-9 level were significant factors for differentiating between EOC histological types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heekyoung Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.S.); (S.B.); (I.K.); (J.Y.W.); (E.J.C.); (Y.J.C.)
| | - Seongeun Bak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.S.); (S.B.); (I.K.); (J.Y.W.); (E.J.C.); (Y.J.C.)
| | - Imhyeon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.S.); (S.B.); (I.K.); (J.Y.W.); (E.J.C.); (Y.J.C.)
| | - Jae Yeon Woo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.S.); (S.B.); (I.K.); (J.Y.W.); (E.J.C.); (Y.J.C.)
| | - Eui Jin Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.S.); (S.B.); (I.K.); (J.Y.W.); (E.J.C.); (Y.J.C.)
| | - Youn Jin Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.S.); (S.B.); (I.K.); (J.Y.W.); (E.J.C.); (Y.J.C.)
| | - Sung Eun Rha
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Shin Ah Oh
- NAVER Clova, 246, Hwangsaeul-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13595, Korea;
| | - Seo Yeon Youn
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.Y.Y.); (S.J.L.)
| | - Sung Jong Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.S.); (S.B.); (I.K.); (J.Y.W.); (E.J.C.); (Y.J.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.Y.Y.); (S.J.L.)
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Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Complete surgical resection is the gold-standard treatment for all mucinous ovarian carcinoma (MOC) cases. Advanced-stage disease is often additionally treated with adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy; however, these were developed largely against the more common high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma and have low efficacy in treating MOC. More effective therapeutics are needed to treat late-stage and platinum-resistant tumors; however, traditional drug development and clinical trial paradigms are a major challenge for such a rare disease. New approaches to support evidence-based treatment decisions are required, such as registry trials. Recently, a number of targeted therapies have emerged as viable treatment options in other cancer types, and for some of these, the actionable tumor mutations are also seen in MOC. Thus, a promising alternative approach to provide benefit to current MOC patients involves DNA sequencing to identify a tumor's unique mutational profile and allow matching to available targeted agents. Such a pipeline can involve special approval to administer a drug already approved for clinical use in other cancer types to a given MOC patient, or their inclusion in existing ongoing clinical trials, such as basket trials encompassing patients with tumors from a range of anatomical sites. Implementation of such personalized medicine can be boosted using improved pre-clinical models, where through a clinical research collaboration a patient's own tumor cells can be used to a test a range of putative therapies prior to administration in the clinic, enabling selection of the available pharmaceutical/s that give any given patient the best possible chance of cancer remission.
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Effect of Psychological Intervention Combined with Dietary Guidance on Quality of Life and Long-Term Efficacy of Bushen Quyu Decoction in Treatment of Patients with Advanced Ovarian Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:1075513. [PMID: 34733335 PMCID: PMC8560234 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1075513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To study the effects of psychological intervention combined with dietary guidance on the quality of life and long-term efficacy of Bushen Quyu Decoction in the treatment of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Methods 220 patients with advanced (stages III to IV) ovarian cancer in our hospital from May 2015 to October 2018 were selected and randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, with 110 cases in each group. The patients in the control group received basic nursing care and treatment with Bushen Quyu Decoction, and the patients in the observation group were combined with psychological intervention and dietary guidance on the basis of the treatment of the patients in the control group. The clinical efficacy, nursing satisfaction, treatment compliance, quality of life, negative emotion comparison, and long-term efficacy of the two groups were compared. Moreover, the changes of immune function indexes and the content of tumor markers were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of treatment in the observation group (64.55%) was higher than that in the control group (31.82%). The nursing satisfaction of the observation group was 94.55%, the nursing satisfaction of the control group was 84.55%, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01). The treatment compliance of the observation group was 98.18%, the treatment compliance of the control group was 82.73%, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). After nursing, the Anxiety Self-Rating Scale (SAS) score and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) score of the two groups of patients were decreased (∗p < 0.05), and the score of the observation group decreased more significantly (Δ p < 0.05). After nursing, the scores of the two groups of patients in social/family status, physical function, physiological function, and emotional status increased (∗p < 0.05), and the observation group was significantly higher than the control group (Δ p < 0.05). After nursing, the CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ levels of the observation group were significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05). The CD8+ level of the observation group was significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.05). After nursing, the levels of tumor markers in the two groups were decreased (∗p < 0.05), and the observation group was downregulated more significantly than the control group (Δ p < 0.05). The two-year cumulative survival rate of the observation group was 78.18%, and the two-year cumulative survival rate of the control group was 54.55%. The observation group was significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions Psychological intervention combined with dietary guidance can significantly improve the quality of life and mental state of patients with advanced ovarian cancer, enhance the patient's immune function, reduce the serum tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen (CA199) levels, and improve survival rate and survival time, which has important clinical significance.
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Ohya A, Ichinohe F, Matoba H, Kobara H, Fujinaga Y. Useful preoperative examination findings to classify the grade of ovarian primary mucinous tumor. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2021; 46:2393-2402. [PMID: 33388806 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-020-02918-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate various imaging features on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and tumor markers and their utility to assess various grades of ovarian primary mucinous tumors (OPMTs): benign, borderline, or malignant. METHODS Ninety-five pathologically diagnosed OPMTs [53 benign, 24 borderline malignant (BM), and 18 malignant] were selected in this retrospective study. MRI features of the ovarian mass, namely the maximum diameter, honeycomb loculi, solid components (SC), stained-glass pattern, and signal intensity of the cyst on T1- (T1WI) and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) with/without fat suppression, and preoperative STMs, namely carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9, and CA125, were compared between the three tumor grades using univariate analysis. We also analyzed the findings to estimate the pathological diagnosis using classification tree (CT) analysis. RESULTS Maximum diameter, honeycomb loculi, SC, stained-glass pattern, signal intensity of the cyst [hyperintensity on both T1WI and T2WI (T1-hyper/T2-hyper), and hyperintense on T1WI and hypointense on T2WI (T1-hyper/T2-hypo)], and CEA and CA 19-9 concentrations were significantly different between the three tumor grades (p < 0.05). The concordance rate with the pathological diagnosis was the highest with diagnosis by the CT comprising T1-hyper/T2-hypo, CEA, and CA 19-9 and by the CT comprising T1-hyper/T2-hypo, CEA, and SC. CONCLUSION Four types of findings were important for OPMT grading. Lesions negative for both T1-hyper/T2-hypo and CEA suggest benign; lesions positive for T1-hyper/T2-hypo and negative for CA 19-9 or SC suggest BM; and lesions negative for T1-hyper/T2-hypo and positive for CEA, or positive for both T1-hyper/T2-hypo and CA 19-9 or SC suggest malignancy.
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Glycomic-Based Biomarkers for Ovarian Cancer: Advances and Challenges. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11040643. [PMID: 33916250 PMCID: PMC8065431 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11040643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains one of the most common causes of death among gynecological malignancies afflicting women worldwide. Among the gynecological cancers, cervical and endometrial cancers confer the greatest burden to the developing and the developed world, respectively; however, the overall survival rates for patients with ovarian cancer are worse than the two aforementioned. The majority of patients with ovarian cancer are diagnosed at an advanced stage when cancer has metastasized to different body sites and the cure rates, including the five-year survival, are significantly diminished. The delay in diagnosis is due to the absence of or unspecific symptoms at the initial stages of cancer as well as a lack of effective screening and diagnostic biomarkers that can detect cancer at the early stages. This, therefore, provides an imperative to prospect for new biomarkers that will provide early diagnostic strategies allowing timely mitigative interventions. Glycosylation is a protein post-translational modification that is modified in cancer patients. In the current review, we document the state-of-the-art of blood-based glycomic biomarkers for early diagnosis of ovarian cancer and the technologies currently used in this endeavor.
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