• Adverse effects
• Anti-HIV agents
• HIV infections
• PROM
• Patient reported outcome
• Psychometrics
• Questionnaire

• Humans
• Male
• Female
• HIV Infections/psychology
• HIV Infections/drug therapy
• HIV Infections/diagnosis
• Psychometrics/methods
• Middle Aged
• Prospective Studies
• Spain/epidemiology
• Surveys and Questionnaires
• Reproducibility of Results
• Adult
• Quality of Life
• Factor Analysis, Statistical

• 5200€ Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria

• Adherence
• Antiretrovirals
• Claims
• Discontinuation
• HIV
• Medicare
• Treatment gaps

• Humans
• Male
• Female
• Aged
• United States/epidemiology
• Middle Aged
• Medicare
• Retrospective Studies
• HIV Infections/drug therapy
• HIV Infections/epidemiology
• Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use
• Cohort Studies
• Medication Adherence

• Merck Merck

• Adverse effect
• HIV Symptom index
• Integrase strand-transfer inhibitor
• Quality of life
• Viral suppression

• Antiretroviral therapy, ART
• Behavioral Diseases Consultation Center, BDCC
• Bictegravir, BIC
• C-terminal domain, CTD
• CRF35-AD
• Cabotegravir, CBT
• Catalytic core domain, CCD
• Dolutegravir, DTG
• Drug resistance
• Elvitegravir, EVG
• Grand average hydropathy, GRAVY
• HIV
• Human immunodeficiency virus, HIV
• INT, Integrase
• INTIs, Integrase inhibitors (INTIs)
• Injecting drug users, IDUs
• Integrase
• Integrase inhibitors
• Molecular docking
• N-terminal domain, NTD
• Naturally occurring polymorphisms, NOPs
• Post-translational modification, PTM
• Raltegravir, RAL
• Resistance-associated mutations, RAMs

• Adult
• Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use
• Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
• Drug Combinations
• Drugs, Generic/therapeutic use
• Female
• HIV Infections/drug therapy
• Humans
• Longitudinal Studies
• Male
• Medication Adherence/psychology
• Medication Adherence/statistics & numerical data
• Middle Aged
• Patient Reported Outcome Measures
• Retrospective Studies
• Self Report
• Tablets/therapeutic use
• Treatment Outcome
• Viral Load/drug effects

• Gilead Sciences

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been shown to significantly reduce the likelihood of transmission to other people as well as promoting the health of people living with Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) (PLH). The purpose of this study was to assess the HIV care continuum of PLH in Korea using the national health insurance system (NHIS) database.

From 2006 to 2015, ART prescription/laboratory test claim data and enlisted accompanying comorbidities were extracted from the NHIS database. Utilizing these data, proportion of PLH on ART among those who registered to Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), HIV viral load testing, prescription trends of ART, medication possession ratio (MPR) of ART, and accompanying comorbidities were reviewed. Factors related with MPR <90% was also investigated among demographic factors, ART prescription, and accompanying comorbidities.

During the observation period, the number of people receiving ART prescription increased from 2,076 in 2006 to 9,201 in 2015. Considering the number of PLHs reported by the KDCA, the proportion of PLHs who received ART prescription increased from 55.4% to 87.6% during the study period. The median value of ART MPR increased from 76.4% to 94.2% and the proportion of patients with MPR >90% increased from 54.3% to 78.2%. The most commonly accompanying comorbidities were dyslipidemia (55.7%), osteoporosis (16.3%), hypertension (15.7%) and diabetes (13.7%), respectively. The proportion of PLH with two or more comorbid conditions increased from 22.0% to 31.6%. Regarding the factors associated with suboptimal compliance, age less than 50 years old, under support of National Medical Aid, alcoholic liver disease, mental and behavioral disorders due to use of alcohol, and ART regimen of protease inhibitor and non-single table regimen integrase strand transfer inhibitor were related with MPR <90%.

The proportion of PLHs who received ART prescription and median MPR of ART increased during the study period. However, proportion of patients with MPR >90% was 78.2% in 2015 and there are still much room for improvement in the aspect of compliance.

• Antiretroviral therapy
• Care continuum
• Comorbidity
• HIV/AIDS
• Medication possession ratio

• HIV
• Patient-reported outcomes
• antiretroviral therapy

To describe our experience with the use of Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (EVG/COBI/FTC/TAF) in the treatment of HIV-infected patients in Qatar including both naïve and treatment experienced. We also report the reasons for switching to EVG/COBI/FTC/TAF in treatment-experienced patients, response to treatment, and tolerability.

Review of the medical records of the first 100 HIV-infected patients treated with EVG/COBI/FTC/TAF.

Among the 100 HIV-infected patients who were treated with EVG/COBI/FTC/TAF, 64 were Qatari and the rest were from other nationalities. 80 patients were males and 20 were females. 29 were treatment naïve, and 71 were treatment experienced. Among treatment-experienced patients, the most common reasons for switch to EVG/COBI/FTC/TAF were safety concerns, followed by regimen simplification and adverse drug reaction of the previous regimen (40%, 14%, and 13%, respectively). Treatment response to EVG/COBI/FTC/TAF leading to undetectable viral load in naïve patients was 69%, and in treatment-experienced patients, it was 83% with an overall response among all patients of 79%. Excluding those who left the country and whose data were not available, the response rate will be 86%. Tolerability was excellent with mild side effects and no discontinuation due to side effects.

Experience with the use of EVG/COBI/FTC/TAF in 100 patients with HIV infection in Qatar was favourable both in treatment naïve patients and in those who were treatment experienced with an excellent tolerability.

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is provided free of charge to all human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive residents in Italy. As fixed dose coformulations (FDCs) are often more expensive in comparison to the same drugs administered separately in a multi-tablet regimen (MTR), we considered a cost-effective strategy involving patients in the switch from their FDCs to corresponding MTRs including generic antiretrovirals.

To verify if this would affect the virological and immunological response in comparison to maintaining the FDC regimens.

From January 2012 to December 2013, we assessed the eligibility of all the HIV-1 positive adults on stable HAART being treated at our hospital-based outpatient clinic in Treviso, Italy. Participants who accepted to switch from their FDC regimen to the corresponding MTR joined the MTR group, while those who maintained a FDC regimen joined the FDC group. Clinical data, including changes in HAART regimens, respective reasons why and adverse effects, were recorded at baseline and at follow-up visits occurring at weeks 24, 48 and 96. All participants were assessed for virological and immunological responses at baseline and at weeks 24, 48 and 96.

Two hundred and forty-three eligible HIV-1 adults on HAART were enrolled: 163 (67%) accepted to switch to a MTR, joining the MTR group, while 80 (33%) maintained their FDCs, joining the FDC group. In a parallel analysis, there were no significant differences in linear trend of distribution of HIV-RNA levels between the two groups and there were no significant odds in favour of a higher level of HIV-RNA in either group at any follow-up and on the overall three strata analysis. In a before-after analysis, both FDC and MTR groups presented no significant differences in distribution of HIV-RNA levels at either weeks 48 vs 24 and weeks 96 vs 24 cross tabulations. A steady increase of mean CD4 count was observed in the MTR group only, while in the FDC group we observed a slight decrease (-23 cells per mmc) between weeks 24 and 48.

Involving patients in the switch from their FDC regimens to the corresponding MTRs for economic reasons did not affect the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy in terms of virological response and immunological recovery

• Fixed-dose coformulations
• Fixed dose coformulation regimens
• Multitablet regimens
• Human immunodeficiency virus
• Highly active antiretroviral therapy

• antiretroviral therapy
• human immunodeficiency virus
• meta-analysis
• systematic review
• treatment adherence

• HIV
• antiretroviral therapy
• fixed-dosed combinations
• sexually transmitted infections
• single-tablet regimens

• Economics pharmaceutical
• Human immunodeficiency virus
• Quality of life
• Treatment adherence and compliance
• Treatment outcome

• Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage
• Anti-HIV Agents/adverse effects
• Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active
• CD4 Lymphocyte Count
• HIV Infections/drug therapy
• HIV Infections/immunology
• HIV Infections/virology
• Humans
• Odds Ratio
• Patient Reported Outcome Measures
• Tablets
• Time Factors
• Treatment Outcome
• Viral Load

• Janssen Pharmaceuticals

• adherence to generic antiretroviral
• multi-tablet regimen
• single-tablet regimen

• HIV/AIDS treatment
• Medication adherence
• Poverty
• Stress

• HIV treatment
• Health disparities
• Medication adherence

• HIV
• antiretroviral regimens
• correctional health care
• department of corrections

• Dual therapy
• Kidney
• Protease inhibitors
• Simplification
• Toxicity

• HIV
• discontinuation
• durability
• second ART regimens
• single-tablet regimens

• antibacterial activity
• molecular modeling
• triazoles

• Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry
• Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
• Anti-Retroviral Agents/chemistry
• Anti-Retroviral Agents/pharmacology
• Antifungal Agents/chemistry
• Antifungal Agents/pharmacology
• Bacterial Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
• Candida albicans/drug effects
• Candida parapsilosis/drug effects
• DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/antagonists & inhibitors
• Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry
• Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
• HIV Reverse Transcriptase/antagonists & inhibitors
• Microbial Sensitivity Tests
• Models, Molecular
• Molecular Docking Simulation
• Molecular Structure
• Staphylococcus epidermidis/drug effects
• Structure-Activity Relationship
• Triazoles/chemistry
• Triazoles/pharmacology

• Adolescents
• Bone mineral density
• Children
• Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate

• Generic single-tablet regimen
• HIV-infected adults
• Resource-limited settings
• Tenofovir/lamivudine/efavirenz

• art
• atripla
• comparative effectiveness
• hiv
• single tablet regimen

• Adult
• Anti-Retroviral Agents/administration & dosage
• Female
• HIV Infections/drug therapy
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Treatment Outcome

• P30 AI027767 NIAID NIH HHS
• R24 AI067039 NIAID NIH HHS
• KL2 TR002317 NCATS NIH HHS
• P30 AI036214 NIAID NIH HHS
• P30 AI027757 NIAID NIH HHS
• KL2 TR000421 NCATS NIH HHS
• P30 AI060354 NIAID NIH HHS
• P30 AI050410 NIAID NIH HHS

More than 27,000 Australians currently live with HIV. Most of these people have access to quality clinical care and antiretroviral treatment (ART) and can expect good general health. However, HIV-related stigma is a problem and many people living with HIV experience poorer than average mental health. Issues of aging are also of increasing concern. This paper describes the methods and sample for the HIV Futures 8 study, a national survey of people living with HIV in Australia that aimed to identify factors that support health and well-being among this population. HIV Futures 8 forms part of a series of cross-sectional surveys (The “HIV Futures” studies) that have been repeated periodically since 1997. In the most recent survey, participants were able to opt into a prospective longitudinal study.

HIV Futures 8 was open to people aged over 17 who were living with HIV. Data were collected in 2015/2016 using a self-complete survey that contained approximately 250 items related to physical and mental health, use of ART, HIV exposure and testing, financial security, social connectedness, relationships, life satisfaction, resilience, stigma, use of health and support services, and health literacy. To enable comparison of cross-sectional data over time, questionnaire items were consistent with those used in previous HIV Futures surveys. In HIV Futures 8, participants were invited to volunteer coded information that will allow longitudinal follow-up when participants complete subsequent HIV Futures surveys. The survey was advertised through the networks of HIV organizations, on social media and through HIV clinics and services. HIV Futures 8 was completed by 895 participants. This represents approximately 3.8% of the total number of people living with diagnosed HIV in Australia in 2014.

Findings from HIV Futures 8 will contribute important insights into the complexity of factors that support physical and mental well-being among people living with HIV. The findings will also assist HIV services to align with broader public health goals related to increasing ART use and improving quality of life among people living with HIV.

• HIV
• antiretroviral treatment
• living with HIV
• longitudinal design
• quality of life

This analysis aimed at evaluating the impact of a therapeutic strategy of treatment simplification of atazanavir (ATV)+ ritonavir (r) + lamivudine (3TC) in virologically suppressed patients receiving ATV+r+2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) on the budget of the Italian National Health Service (NHS).

A budget impact model with a 5-year time horizon was developed based on the clinical data of Atlas-M trial at 48 weeks (in terms of percentage of patients experiencing virologic failure and adverse events), from the Italian NHS perspective. A scenario in which the simplification strategy was not considered was compared with three scenarios in which, among a target population of 1,892 patients, different simplification strategies were taken into consideration in terms of percentage of patients simplified on a yearly basis among those eligible for simplification. The costs considered were direct medical costs related to antiretroviral drugs, adverse events management, and monitoring activities.

The percentage of patients of the target population receiving ATV+r+3TC varies among the scenarios and is between 18.7% and 46.9% in year 1, increasing up to 56.3% and 84.4% in year 5. The antiretroviral treatment simplification strategy considered would lead to lower costs for the Italian NHS in a 5-year time horizon between −28.7 million € and −16.0 million €, with a reduction of costs between −22.1% (−3.6 million €) and −8.8% (−1.4 million €) in year 1 and up to −39.9% (−6.9 million €) and −26.6% (−4.6 million €) in year 5.

The therapy simplification for patients receiving ATV+r+2 NRTIs to ATV+r+3TC at a national level would lead to a reduction of direct medical costs over a 5-year period for the Italian NHS.

• Italian National Health Service
• antiretroviral therapy
• cost
• de-intensification
• economic evaluation
• protease inhibitor

• ARV treatments
• HIV infection
• adherence
• antiretroviral therapy
• preference elicitation
• satisfaction

Evaluate the impact of fixed-dose combination (FDC) containing emtricitabine (FTC), tenofovir (TDF), and efavirenz (EFV) versus a free-dose combination (FRC) of the same three drugs on clinical outcomes, adherence and quality of life in Malaysian outpatients with HIV.

HIV patients (n=120) on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the infectious disease clinic of Hospital Sungai Buloh were randomized to either FDC (n=60) or FRC (n=60). Morisky scores, health-related quality of life scores and clinical outcomes such as CD4 count and viral load were assessed in both groups at baseline and six months.

Patients on FDC (108 SD=1.1) had a significantly higher CD4 count increase compared to the FRC group (746.1 SD=36.3 vs 799.8 SD=33.8) (p <0.001). The viral load profile was unchanged and remained undetectable in both groups. The quality of life EQ-5D scores showed a positive correlation with CD4 counts in the FDC group (ρ=0.301, p=0.019) at six months. On the other hand, quality of life EQ-VAS scores was significantly associated with medication adherence in the FDC group at six months (ρ=0.749, p=0.05). However, no significant changes or associations were observed in the FRC group.

Management of HAART using an FDC demonstrated a positive clinical outcome, adherence and quality of life within six months in local HIV patients.

• Anti-Retroviral Agents
• Antiretroviral Therapy
• Benzoxazines
• CD4 Lymphocyte Count
• Drug Combinations
• Emtricitabine
• Highly Active
• Malaysia
• Tenofovir
• Viral Load

• Atripla
• Bone disease
• Efavirenz
• Emtricitabine
• Protease inhibitor
• Renal disease
• Tenofovir

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens containing efavirenz (EFV) are recommended as part of universal ART for pregnant and breastfeeding women. EFV may have appreciable side effects (SE), and ART adherence in pregnancy is a major concern, but little is known about ART SE and associations with adherence in pregnancy.

We investigated the distribution of patient-reported SE (based on Division of AIDS categories) and the association of SE with missed ART doses in a cohort of 517 women starting EFV+3TC/FTC+TDF during pregnancy. In analysis, SE were considered in terms of their overall frequency, by systems category, and by latent classes.

Overall 97% of women reported experiencing at least one SE after ART initiation, with 48% experiencing more than five SE. Gastrointestinal, central nervous system, systemic and skin SE were reported by 81%, 85%, 79% and 31% of women, respectively, with considerable overlap across groups. At least one missed dose was reported by 32% of women. In multivariable models, ART non-adherence was associated with systemic SE compared to other systems categories, and measures of the overall burden of SE experienced were most strongly associated with missed ART doses.

These data demonstrate very high levels of SE in pregnant women initiating EFV-based ART and a strong association between SE burden and ART adherence. ART regimens with reduced SE profiles may enhance adherence, and as countries expand universal ART for all adult patients, counseling must include preparation for ART SE.

• Adult
• Alkynes
• Anti-HIV Agents/adverse effects
• Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use
• Benzoxazines/adverse effects
• Benzoxazines/therapeutic use
• Cyclopropanes
• Female
• HIV Infections/drug therapy
• Humans
• Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data
• Pregnancy
• Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy
• Prospective Studies
• Self Report
• Young Adult

• P30 MH043520 NIMH NIH HHS
• R01 HD074558 NICHD NIH HHS
• National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
• HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies
• Harry Crossley Foundation

• Dolutegravir
• abacavir
• fixed-dose combination
• integrase inhibitors
• lamivudine

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) can provide important information about treatment tolerability in HIV-1-infected patients.

The aim of this study was to evaluate PROs following switching from a boosted protease inhibitor-based regimen to the single-tablet regimen (STR) of rilpivirine/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (RPV/FTC/TDF) in the 48-week open-label Switching Boosted PI to Rilpivirine in Combination with Truvada as a Single-Tablet Regimen (SPIRIT) trial.

In the open-label SPIRIT trial, patients were randomized to receive an STR of RPV/FTC/TDF (n = 317) for 48 weeks or stay on their baseline regimen of a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor and two nucleoside/nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (PI + RTV + 2NRTIs, n = 159) for 24 weeks before switching to RPV/FTC/TDF for another 24 weeks. PRO assessments included the HIV Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (TSQ) and the HIV Symptom Index Questionnaire (SIQ).

At week 24, the mean HIV TSQ improvement from baseline was significantly greater in the RPV/FTC/TDF group than the PI + RTV + 2NRTIs group (p < 0.001). On the HIV SIQ, the percentage of patients reporting a shift from ‘symptom’ to ‘no symptom’ was significantly greater with RPV/FTC/TDF treatment compared with PI + RTV + 2NRTIs for all items (all p ≤ 0.01), with total within-group occurrence of 13/20 symptoms significantly decreasing from baseline for RPV/FTC/TDF patients. In the delayed switch group, significantly fewer patients reported diarrhea and sleep problems at week 48 vs. week 24.

These data suggest that switching to the STR RPV/FTC/TDF from a PI-based multi-pill regimen is associated with greater patient-reported treatment satisfaction and improved tolerability in HIV-1-infected, virologically suppressed individuals.

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s40271-015-0123-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

• Antiretroviral treatment
• Combinaciones a dosis fijas
• Coste-eficacia
• Cost–effectiveness
• Fixed-dose combinations
• Regímenes de comprimido único
• Single tablet regimens
• Tratamiento antirretroviral

• Adult
• Anti-Retroviral Agents/administration & dosage
• Anti-Retroviral Agents/economics
• Cost-Benefit Analysis
• Drug Combinations
• Female
• HIV Infections/drug therapy
• Humans
• Male
• Prospective Studies
• Tablets

• Combination antiretroviral therapy
• INsTI
• NNRTI
• NRTI
• PI
• safety
• switching
• toxicity

• Antiretroviral drugs
• Antirétroviraux
• Cost-effectiveness
• Coût-efficacité
• Generics
• Génériques
• HIV
• VIH

• darunavir
• dual therapy
• protease inhibitor
• raltegravir
• switch

• Antiretroviral therapy (ART)
• Challenges
• Guidelines
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

• Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage
• HIV Infections/drug therapy
• Humans
• Tablets
• Viral Load

• Cancer
• HAART
• HIV
• NNRTI
• Radiosensitivity
• Radiotherapy

• AIDS
• Antiretroviral treatment
• GESIDA
• GeSIDA
• Guideline
• Guía
• HIV infection
• Infección por VIH
• Plan Nacional sobre el Sida
• Recomendaciones
• Recommendations
• Sida
• Spanish National AIDS Plan
• Tratamiento antirretroviral