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Karunanayake A, Rajindrajith S, Kumari MV, Devanarayana NM. Effects of body mass index on gastric motility: Comparing children with functional abdominal pain disorders and healthy controls. World J Clin Pediatr 2025; 14:100306. [DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v14.i3.100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2025] [Accepted: 04/02/2025] [Indexed: 06/16/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight children exhibit a higher prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders compared with their normal-weight peers, yet the underlying reasons remain unclear. Gastrointestinal motility, a key pathophysiological factor in functional gastrointestinal disorders, may be influenced by body mass index (BMI).
AIM To evaluate the impact of BMI on gastric motility parameters in children with functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs).
METHODS We assessed gastric motility in 176 children with FAPDs (61.4% females, mean age 7.94 years, SD 1.96 years) and 63 healthy controls (57.1% females, mean age 9.17 years, SD 1.90 years) at the Gastroenterology Research Laboratory, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka. FAPDs were diagnosed and subtyped using the Rome IV criteria: Functional abdominal pain 97 patients; irritable bowel syndrome 39 patients, functional dyspepsia (FD) 25 patients; and abdominal migraine 15 patients. Gastric motility was measured using a validated ultrasound method. Weight and height were measured using sensitive standard scales.
RESULTS The BMIs of children with FAPDs and controls were 15.04 and 15.46 kg/m², respectively (P = 0.33). Fasting antral area (FAA) and antral area at 1 min (AA1) and 15 min (AA15) were significantly greater in patients with FAPD with a higher BMI (2.71 cm², 12.57 cm², and 7.19 cm², respectively) compared with those with a lower BMI (2.12 cm², 10.68 cm², and 6.13 cm², respectively) (P < 0.01). BMI positively correlated with FAA and AA15 (r = 0.18 and r = 0.19, respectively) (P < 0.01) in those with FAPDs. In controls, only AA1 was greater in the higher BMI group (12.51 cm² vs 9.93 cm²) and had a positive correlation (r = 0.33) (P ≤ 0.01). Subgroup analysis revealed that in patients with FD, BMI negatively correlated with gastric emptying rate (GER) (r = -0.59) and antral motility index (MI) (r = -0.49), while in functional abdominal pain, MI positively correlated (r = 0.25) with BMI (P ≤ 0.01).
CONCLUSION In children with FAPDs, higher BMI was associated with increased gastric antral distention during fasting and postprandial periods (as indicated by FAA, AA1, and AA15) but not with contractility and transit (MI, GER). However, in the FD subgroup, high BMI correlated with reduced GER and MI. This indicates the possible role of BMI in gastric hypomotility and the pathophysiology of FD. These findings underscore the importance of lifestyle and dietary interventions aimed at optimizing BMI in the management of FAPDs, particularly FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaranath Karunanayake
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle 80000, Southern Province, Sri Lanka
| | - Shaman Rajindrajith
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 00800, Western Province, Sri Lanka
| | - Manori Vijaya Kumari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura 50000, North Central Province, Sri Lanka
| | - Niranga Manjuri Devanarayana
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama 11010, Western Province, Sri Lanka
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Barbara G, Aziz I, Ballou S, Chang L, Ford AC, Fukudo S, Nurko S, Olano C, Saps M, Sayuk G, Siah KTH, Van Oudenhove L, Simrén M. Rome Foundation Working Team Report on overlap in disorders of gut-brain interaction. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2025; 22:228-251. [PMID: 39870943 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-01033-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2025]
Abstract
In patients with disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI), overlapping non-gastrointestinal conditions such as fibromyalgia, headaches, gynaecological and urological conditions, sleep disturbances and fatigue are common, as is overlap among DGBI in different regions of the gastrointestinal tract. These overlaps strongly influence patient management and outcome. Shared pathophysiology could explain this scenario, but details are not fully understood. This overlap has been shown to be of great relevance for DGBI. In addition, symptoms considered to be caused by a DGBI could have a detectable organic cause, and in patients with a diagnosed organic gastrointestinal disease, symptoms not clearly explained by the pathology defining this organic disease are common. Thus, the aims of this Rome Foundation Working Team Report were to review the literature on overlapping conditions among patients with paediatric and adult DGBI and, based on the available epidemiological and clinical evidence, make recommendations for the current diagnostic and therapeutic approach, and for future research. Specifically, we focused on other DGBI in the same or different gastrointestinal anatomical region(s), DGBI overlap with organic bowel diseases in remission, and DGBI overlap with non-gastrointestinal, non-structural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Barbara
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Imran Aziz
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, UK
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sarah Ballou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lin Chang
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexander C Ford
- Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Shin Fukudo
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, Research Center for Accelerator and Radioisotope Science, Tohoku University, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Samuel Nurko
- Center for Motility and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carolina Olano
- Gastroenterology Department. Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Miguel Saps
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gregory Sayuk
- Gastroenterology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- St. Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kewin T H Siah
- NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lukas Van Oudenhove
- Laboratory for Brain-Gut Axis Studies (LaBGAS), Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Centre KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Magnus Simrén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Center for Functional GI and Motility Disorders, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Jha S, Verma S, Bhatnagar S. Understanding Bowel Habits and Stool Form Among Indian Adolescents: A Descriptive Study. Cureus 2025; 17:e79299. [PMID: 40125153 PMCID: PMC11929148 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.79299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2025] [Indexed: 03/25/2025] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bowel habits and stool characteristics reflect adolescents' physical and mental health. Sociodemographics, environment, diet, and genetics influence defecation patterns. However, data on Indian adolescents' normal defecation patterns is limited. METHODS A study was conducted on 232 adolescents (aged 10-19 years) from two schools after obtaining parental consent and children's assent. Data on bowel habits, stool forms, use of school latrines, socio-dietary habits, and demographic profiles was collected. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-squared test and unpaired t-test, with p<0.05 considered significant. RESULTS Of the 232 participants (mean age: 14.59±2.12 years; 50% male, 50% female), the most common stool frequency was 1-2 times/day (88.8%), followed by thrice a day (4.7%), <3 times/week (3.9%), and >3 times/day (2.6%). Bristol type IV stool was the most prevalent, followed by types III, II, V, I, VI, and VII. Common bowel issues included abdominal pain and bleeding during defecation. Girls reported significantly higher rates of abdominal pain (p=0.009) and incomplete evacuation (p=0.018) compared to boys. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights into the normal bowel habits and defecation patterns of urban and semi-urban adolescents in Northern India. The findings can serve as a foundation for larger studies and aid in developing guidelines for managing constipation and bowel irregularities among Indian adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashwat Jha
- Pediatrics, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, IND
| | - Shalini Verma
- Pediatrics, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, IND
| | - Shrish Bhatnagar
- Pediatrics, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, IND
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Vermeijden NK, de Silva L, Manathunga S, Spoolder D, Korterink J, Vlieger A, Rajindrajith S, Benninga M. Epidemiology of Pediatric Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders: A Meta-Analysis. Pediatrics 2025; 155:e2024067677. [PMID: 39761807 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2024-067677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 11/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) are debilitating disorders with unknown current prevalence. OBJECTIVE To estimate global prevalence rates of FAPDs, their entities, and variations by diagnostic criteria, geography, gender, and age. DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and Cochrane Library were searched through October 14, 2024. STUDY SELECTION Epidemiological studies of birth cohorts, school based, and from general population samples reporting FAPD prevalence in children (aged 4-18 years) using the Rome criteria. DATA EXTRACTION Two researchers independently performed screening, data extraction, and quality assessment. RESULTS A total of 66 studies, encompassing 201 134 participants from 29 countries, were included. The estimated global pooled prevalence of FAPDs was 11.7% (95% CI, 10.5%-13.1%). The most prevalent type was irritable bowel syndrome (5.8%; 95% CI, 4.5-7.4%), while functional abdominal pain-not otherwise specified was least prevalent (1.2%; 95% CI, 0.7%-2.1%)). Prevalence was highest using Rome III (13.2%; 95% CI, 11.3%-15.3%) and lowest under Rome IV criteria (9.0%; 95% CI, 6.7%-12.0%; P = .05). Girls had higher prevalence (14.4%; 95% CI, 12.5%-16.6%) than boys (9.4%; 95% CI, 7.8%-11.4%; P < .01). FAPDs were nonsignificantly more prevalent in Asia (13.0%; 95% CI, 10.4%-16.3%) compared to Europe (8.3%; 95% CI, 6.4%-10.7%) and North America (7.7%; 95% CI, 4.3-13.6; P = .09). No differences by age (P = .14) were recorded. Contributing factors include anxiety, depression, stress, negative life events, and poor sleep. LIMITATIONS Language restrictions, significant interstudy heterogeneity, and underrepresentation from Africa. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE FAPDs affect over 1 in 9 children worldwide, with higher prevalence in girls and those with psychological stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaas Koen Vermeijden
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Emma's Children Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Academic Medical Centre/Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Daphne Spoolder
- Knowledge and Information Centre, St Antonius Academy, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Judith Korterink
- Department of Pediatrics, Gelre Hospital, Zutphen, the Netherlands
| | - Arine Vlieger
- Department of Pediatrics, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | | | - Marc Benninga
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Emma's Children Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Chambers CT, Dol J, Tutelman PR, Langley CL, Parker JA, Cormier BT, Macfarlane GJ, Jones GT, Chapman D, Proudfoot N, Grant A, Marianayagam J. The prevalence of chronic pain in children and adolescents: a systematic review update and meta-analysis. Pain 2024; 165:2215-2234. [PMID: 38743558 PMCID: PMC11404345 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chronic pain, defined as persistent or recurring pain or pain lasting longer than 3 months, is a common childhood problem. The objective of this study was to conduct an updated systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of chronic pain (ie, overall, headache, abdominal pain, back pain, musculoskeletal pain, multisite/general pain, and other) in children and adolescents. EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched for publications between January 1, 2009, and June 30, 2023. Studies reporting population-based estimates of chronic nondisease related pain prevalence in children or adolescents (age ≤ 19 years) were included. Two independent reviewers screened articles based on a priori protocol. One hundred nineteen studies with a total of 1,043,878 children (52.0% female, mean age 13.4 years [SD 2.4]) were included. Seventy different countries were represented, with the highest number of data points of prevalence estimates coming from Finland and Germany (n = 19 each, 4.3%). The overall prevalence of chronic pain in children and adolescents was 20.8%, with the highest prevalence for headache and musculoskeletal pain (25.7%). Overall, and for all types of pain except for back pain and musculoskeletal pain, there were significant differences in the prevalence between boys and girls, with girls having a higher prevalence of pain. There was high heterogeneity (I 2 99.9%). Overall risk of bias was low to moderate. In summary, approximately 1 in 5 children and adolescents experience chronic pain and prevalence varies by pain type; for most types, there is higher pain prevalence among girls than among boys. Findings echo and expand upon the systematic review conducted in 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine T. Chambers
- Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health, Halifax, Canada
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Justine Dol
- Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health, Halifax, Canada
| | - Perri R. Tutelman
- Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health, Halifax, Canada
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Gary J. Macfarlane
- Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health (Epidemiology Group), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth T. Jones
- Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health (Epidemiology Group), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Amy Grant
- Maritime SPOR Support Unit, Halifax, Canada
| | - Justina Marianayagam
- Patient Partner and Resident Physician, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Rajindrajith S, Boey CCM, Devanarayana NM, Niriella MA, Thapar N, Benninga MA. Navigating through 65 years of insights: lessons learned on functional abdominal pain in children. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:3689-3703. [PMID: 38972964 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05667-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
In 1958, Apley and Naish authored a groundbreaking paper in Archives of Disease in Childhood, elucidating the epidemiology and risk factors of recurrent abdominal pain in children-a subject that had confounded clinicians of their time. Surprisingly, even after 65 years, there are several unanswered questions regarding the etiology, pathophysiology, and management of pediatric abdominal pain. Contrary to the prevailing notion that children naturally outgrow functional abdominal pain, compelling evidence suggests it's possible these children develop a number of clinically significant psychological issues that could profoundly impact their quality of life and, consequently, future health and educational outcomes. In this light, we aimed to comprehensively review the current literature to update the knowledge of practicing clinicians on functional abdominal pain, summarizing the evidence from the last 65 years.Conclusion: The enduring unanswered questions surrounding childhood abdominal pain continue to challenge clinicians, resulting in unnecessary investigations, thereby contributing to substantial healthcare expenditures. It is also evident that children with long-standing symptoms would progress to adulthood with the potential to develop irritable bowel syndrome and many psychological disturbances. Several key interventions using pharmacological agents, such as amitriptyline, showed that some of these drugs are no more effective than the placebo in clinical trials. Several research during the recent past suggest that psychological interventions such as gut-directed hypnotherapy alleviate symptoms and ensure better prognosis in the long run. Therefore, clinicians and researchers must join hands to explore the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning functional abdominal pain and novel therapeutic strategies to ensure the well-being of these children. What is Known: • Functional abdominal pain disorders are common among children, with a worldwide prevalence of 13.5% of children suffering from at least one of these disorders • These disorders contribute to a significant reduction in the quality of life of affected children and their families and lead to an array of psychological problems What is New: • The biological basis of functional abdominal pain is becoming more explicit, including complex interactions between altered microbiome, deranged motility, and psychological dysfunction with gut-brain interactions • Novel approaches giving minimal emphasis on pharmacological interventions and exploring psychological interventions are showing promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaman Rajindrajith
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 8, 00800, Western Province, Sri Lanka.
| | - Christopher Chiong-Meng Boey
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lampur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Nikhil Thapar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Liver Transplant, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marc Alexander Benninga
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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AbdelQadir YH, Nabhan AI, Althawadi YJ, Belal MM, Feiter YY, Madian MS, Omran HA, AbdelAzim AA, Abdelghafar YA, Nashwan AJ. Bacillus coagulans as a potent intervention for treating irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials. GASTROENTEROLOGY & ENDOSCOPY 2024; 2:7-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gande.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2025]
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Robbertz AS, Shneider C, Cohen LL, Reed B. Sleep Problems in Pediatric Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction: A Systematic Review. J Pediatr Psychol 2023; 48:778-786. [PMID: 37515755 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsad047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBIs) are common, and findings are mixed on rates of sleep problems (e.g., sleep quality) in pediatric populations. A clear understanding of sleep problems in pediatric DGBIs is needed as sleep challenges might negatively impact symptoms and prognoses. The aims of this systematic review are to (1) describe the prevalence and types of sleep problems in pediatric patients with DGBIs and examine differences by DGBI diagnosis and (2) examine the relationship among sleep problems and pain, mood, and functional outcomes in pediatric patients with DGBIs. METHODS We searched PubMed, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Medline in June 2022; articles were included if they enrolled ≤19 years old with a DGBI, used a quantitative assessment of sleep problems, and were available in English. The Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies was used to assess study quality. We used a protocol to systematically pull and tabulate data across articles with quality assessment ratings. RESULTS Twenty-four articles with 110,864 participants across 9 countries were included, with most studies being of moderate to weak quality. Patients with DGBIs reported more sleep problems than healthy peers, and some research reviewed found that patients with IBS had more sleep problems than other DGBI diagnoses. Sleep problems in DGBIs were related to worse mood, pain, and functional outcomes. CONCLUSION Pediatric patients with DGBIs are experiencing sleep problems that can impact outcomes. Screening for sleep problems and targeted treatment is needed to best support these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bonney Reed
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, USA
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Bao X, Yu W, Chu Z, Gao J, Zhou M, Gu Y. Functional abdominal pain disorders in children in southern Anhui Province, China are related to academic stress rather than academic performance. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:333. [PMID: 37386380 PMCID: PMC10308753 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04154-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) are one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders in children. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of FAPDs in children in southern Anhui Province, China and their association with academic stress. METHODS In this cross-sectional survey, we randomly selected children aged 6-17 years from 11 public schools in southern Anhui Province. FAPDs were diagnosed according to the Rome IV criteria, and a custom-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the association between academic stress and FAPDs in children. RESULTS A total of 2,344 children aged 6-17 years were enrolled. The mean age was 12.4 ± 3.0 years. Of these children, 335 (14.3%) were diagnosed with FAPDs according to the Rome IV criteria. Among the children with FAPDs, 156 (46.6%) were boys, and 179 (53.4%) were girls. The prevalence was higher in girls than in boys. The most common disorder was irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (n = 182 (7.8%)). Other types of FAPDs included functional abdominal pain-not otherwise specified (FAPNOS) (n = 70 (3.0%)), functional dyspepsia (FD) (n = 55 (2.3%)), and abdominal migraine (AM) (n = 28 (1.2%)). Academic stress, not meeting parental expectations, poor relationships with parents, and sleep disturbances were independent risk factors for FAPDs in children; academic performance was not associated with the development of FAPDs. CONCLUSION There was a high prevalence of FAPDs among children in southern Anhui Province, China, and IBS was the most common subtype of functional abdominal pain. Academic stress, rather than academic performance, was associated with FAPDs in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Bao
- Department of Paediatrics, Graduate School, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Wenchao Yu
- Department of Paediatrics, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No. 2, Zheshan Road, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyan Chu
- Department of Paediatrics, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No. 2, Zheshan Road, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Paediatrics, Graduate School, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Meimei Zhou
- Department of Paediatrics, Graduate School, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Yong Gu
- Department of Paediatrics, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No. 2, Zheshan Road, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Karunanayake A, Devanarayana NM, Rajindrajith S. Early life events in functional abdominal pain disorders in children. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275419. [PMID: 36322579 PMCID: PMC9629606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) are common gastrointestinal problems in children, and the pathophysiology is thought to be multifactorial. Adverse early life events (ELE) induce alterations in the central nervous system, perhaps predisposing individuals to develop FAPDs. We aimed to study the potential adverse ELE that are associated with FAPDs. METHODS We steered a school-based survey involving 1000 children from 4 randomly selected schools. FAPDs were assessed using the translated Rome III questionnaire, and ELE were identified using a pre-tested, parental questionnaire. FAPDs were diagnosed using the Rome III criteria. RESULTS Hundred and eighty-two (182) children had FAPDs (62.1% girls, mean age 8.5, SD 2.1). ELE of them were compared with 571 children without FAPDs (51.1% girls, mean age 8.8, SD 1.9). According to the binary logistic regression analysis, family members with abdominal pain, family member with chronic pain other than abdominal pain, prenatal maternal complications and interventional deliveries, were recognized as potential risk factors for the development of FAPDs. Breast feeding over two years has shown to reduce the prevalence of FAPDs.a. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal maternal medical problems are associated a with higher prevalence of FAPDs later in life. Prolonged breastfeeding and normal vaginal delivery could be considered as factors that reduce the vulnerability of developing FAPDs in children. Therefore, minimizing pregnancy-related complications, encouraging vaginal deliveries, and encouraging breastfeeding are potentially valuable measures to prevent FAPDs during childhood.
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Ohlsson B. Extraintestinal manifestations in irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2022; 15:17562848221114558. [PMID: 35967918 PMCID: PMC9373179 DOI: 10.1177/17562848221114558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. Further, IBS patients experience a high degree of extraintestinal symptoms. Objectives The aim of this review was to describe the relation between IBS and extraintestinal manifestations and mechanisms and treatments of these extraintestinal manifestations. Design The study was performed as a systematic review. Data Sources and Methods Search terms including extraintestinal manifestations or somatization and IBS were used to scrutinize for publications in Pubmed. In total, 630 publications were identified and 80 were finally included in this review. Results About 50% of all IBS patients have extraintestinal manifestations in addition to gastrointestinal symptoms. Somatic pain, fatigue, and sleeping disturbances are most common, and most often described in women. Both extraintestinal manifestations and psychological distress are associated with exaggerated gastrointestinal symptoms, impaired quality of life, and difficulties to treat IBS symptoms. The extraintestinal manifestations render an excess of healthcare costs. Varying etiology and pathophysiology to IBS are discussed, and many patients express a general hypersensitivity. Extraintestinal symptoms are seldom documented at clinical healthcare or included in the assessment of treatment outcomes. A good patient-physician relationship and strengthening of coping mechanisms have rendered less gastrointestinal symptoms, psychological distress, and somatization. Altered lifestyle habits may improve both gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms. Pharmacological treatment, including antidepressant drugs, should be considered when lifestyle advice fails. Teamwork between different specialists and healthcare providers may be of importance in the wide range of symptoms and extraintestinal manifestations. Conclusion Extraintestinal manifestations are common in IBS patients and is associated with worse suffering and difficulties to treat symptoms. Evaluation and treatment of IBS patients should consider also extraintestinal manifestations and their treatment outcome. Establishment of good relationship, strengthening of coping mechanisms, and education in healthier lifestyle habits are crucial in the management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodil Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms Street 15, Floor 5, Malmö SE-20502, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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12
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Song BG, Woo JH, Yoon HK, Cho B, Lee HJ, Jung M, Jang Y. Predictors of critical illness among young males with chest pain, abdominal pain, or headaches in the Republic of Korea Army. ENCEPHALITIS 2022; 2:73-82. [PMID: 37469461 PMCID: PMC10295918 DOI: 10.47936/encephalitis.2021.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chest pain, abdominal pain, and headache are common symptoms associated with critical illness. Here, we aimed to evaluate predictors associated with critical illness in young males of the Republic of Korea Army. Methods We retrospectively reviewed previously healthy young males with chest pain, abdominal pain, or headaches who visited Armed Forces Seoul District Hospital between January 2019 and December 2020. Critical illness was defined as a condition that required hospitalization, a procedure or surgery, or referral to a tertiary hospital. The symptoms and signs of critical illness were evaluated. Results Of the 762 enrolled patients, a critical illness was diagnosed in 45 patients (5.9%). Among chest pain signs, palpitation (odds ratio [OR], 22.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.08-102.4; p < 0.001), exertional dyspnea (OR, 16.3; 95% CI, 3.38-78.8; p = 0.001), duration (> 5 minutes) (OR, 7.54; 95% CI, 1.93-29.49; p = 0.004), and squeezing type (OR, 5.28; 95% CI, 1.11-25.11; p = 0.037) were significantly associated with critical illness. Among abdominal pain signs, right-lower-quadrant tenderness (OR, 11.87; 95% CI, 4.671-31.87; p < 0.001) was an alarming sign. For headaches, criticality was low (1.5%), and half of patients with critical illness were diagnosed incidentally regardless of headache. Conclusion We identified symptoms and signs significantly associated with critical illness in young male patients. This study might serve as a reference for deciding when to transfer soldiers in the field to a rear hospital, thereby contributing to the welfare and combat power of soldiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Geun Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Seoul District Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Han Woo
- Department of Radiology, Armed Forces Seoul District Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Kyung Yoon
- Hospital Headquarters, Armed Forces Seoul District Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byeongwook Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Seoul District Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jae Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Seoul District Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moonki Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Seoul District Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoonhyuk Jang
- Department of Neurology, Armed Forces Seoul District Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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13
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Siajunboriboon S, Tanpowpong P, Empremsilapa S, Lertudomphonwanit C, Nuntnarumit P, Treepongkaruna S. Prevalence of functional abdominal pain disorders and functional constipation in adolescents. J Paediatr Child Health 2022; 58:1209-1214. [PMID: 35348253 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.15950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) and functional constipation (FC) are the common functional gastrointestinal disorders in adolescents. We aimed to determine the prevalence of FAPDs and FC in adolescents using the Rome IV Questionnaire of Pediatric Gastrointestinal Symptoms and the factors associated with these two functional gastrointestinal disorders. METHODS A survey for the prevalence of FAPDs and FC in adolescents was carried out at two high schools. A translated and validated Thai version of Rome IV Questionnaire of Pediatric Gastrointestinal Symptoms was used. Potential associated factors were also collected. Psychosocial problems were evaluated by using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 1700 adolescents (55.5% females) with a mean age (SD) of 16.1 (0.9) years were enrolled. The prevalence of FAPDs and FC was 5.3% and 8.1%, respectively. The subtypes of FAPDs were functional dyspepsia (4.7%; postprandial distress syndrome 3.9% and epigastric pain syndrome 0.8%), irritable bowel syndrome (0.6%), abdominal migraine (0.4%) and functional abdominal pain not otherwise specified (0.3%). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that FAPDs were associated with female gender (odds ratio (OR) 3.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.7-6.4), underlying allergic diseases (OR 3.2, 95% CI: 1.6-6.6) and concomitant emotional problem (OR 2.7, 95% CI: 1.2-5.9). No significant associated factors with FC were found. CONCLUSION FAPDs and FC are common in adolescents. Postprandial distress syndrome is the most common subtype of FAPD. Associated factors for FAPDs may suggest hormonal, immune-related and psychological involvement in the disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakonkarn Siajunboriboon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornthep Tanpowpong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suthatip Empremsilapa
- Division of Ambulatory Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chatmanee Lertudomphonwanit
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pracha Nuntnarumit
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suporn Treepongkaruna
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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14
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Marciano ND, Chehter EZ. THE ROLE OF ENDOSCOPY IN DYSPEPTIC SYNDROME IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTES. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2022; 59:257-262. [PMID: 35830038 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.202202000-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyspepsia is pain or discomfort in the epigastric region, and can be subdivided into organic and functional. The diagnosis of functional dyspepsia is based on the criteria defined by the Rome committee. In the pediatric population, functional dyspepsia is more common than organic dyspepsia, in addition to being part of a set of diseases called defined gastrointestinal disorders, defined by the Rome IV criteria. The most efficient diagnostic method of functional dyspepsia in the pediatric population is still uncertain since endoscopy is an important test to rule out organic changes, but it is invasive to be performed on a large scale. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of endoscopy in the diagnosis of functional dyspepsia in pediatric patients, aiming at preventing invasive procedures and reaching high specificity in the result, which is important to determine the best diagnostic guideline for these patients. METHODS Narrative literature review study performed by searching for articles in the PubMed/Medline and LILACS database using the PRISMA method. RESULTS A total of 102 articles were found in PubMed, 15 of which were selected for the study. In the LILACS database, nine articles were found and one was selected. Thus, 16 articles were selected for the study. The most appropriate indications for endoscopy, how to differentiate organic from functional dyspepsia without endoscopy, the main endoscopic findings of the studies, the differences between Rome III and Rome IV criteria, and the prevalence and factors possibly associated with functional dyspepsia were approached through the selected articles. CONCLUSION The main indication for endoscopy is the presence of alarm symptoms in pediatric patients with dyspepsia and the Rome clinical criteria are efficient for the diagnosis of functional dyspepsia. However, there is still no standardized diagnostic guideline to be followed in this age group.
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15
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Lenglart L, Raieli V, Sciruicchio V, Caula C, Vitali G, Guedj R, Quatrosi G, D’Agnano D, D’Alonzo R, Moulding T, Rinaldi VE, Titomanlio L. The association between gastro-oesophageal reflux and migraine in the paediatric population: a multicentre case-control study. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:1679-1687. [PMID: 35006376 PMCID: PMC8744028 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-04368-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infantile regurgitation is one of the most common discomforts in the first months of life. Infantile colic and, in older children, functional dyspepsia have been linked to migraine. To date, this is the first study to investigate a possible association between infantile regurgitation and primary headaches in children. This is a case-control study of 195 children aged 6-17 years, with primary headache (migraine, or tension type headache) in 5 European paediatric hospitals. The control group is composed of 240 same-aged children attending with minor injuries during the same period - February 1st 2020 to December 1st 2020. A structured questionnaire identified a history of infantile regurgitation and other functional gastrointestinal disorders for case and control participants. The outcome was the difference in the prevalence of infantile regurgitation among children with or without a diagnosis of primary headache. The analysis showed a significant association between infantile regurgitation and migraine (OR = 1.88, CI 95 = 1.01-3.4, p = 0.04). No association was found between infantile regurgitation and tension type headache (p = 0.33). Subgroup analysis confirmed that the association was only significant for migraine without aura (OR = 2.3, CI 95 = 1.2-4.4, p = 0.01). In a further subgroup analysis, the presence of functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome and abdominal migraine was associated with migraine without aura. CONCLUSION The presence of migraine among children aged 6-17 was associated with a history of infantile regurgitation. Additional longitudinal studies are required to confirm whether infantile regurgitation could be considered as a precursor of migraine. WHAT IS KNOWN • Children suffering from functional gastrointestinal disorders are more likely to be suffering from migraine and tension-type headache as well. • Children suffering from primary headache are more likely to have had infantile colic in their first six month of life. WHAT IS NEW • It is the first study to find an association between migraine and infantile regurgitation in children. • These findings could have an impact on the diagnosis and therapeutics of both migraine and infantile regurgitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Lenglart
- Department of Paediatric Emergency Care, DM’UP, APHP, Hôpital Robert Debré, 48 Boulevard Serrurier, Paris, 75019 France
| | - Vincenzo Raieli
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, ISMEP, ARNAS Civico, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Caroline Caula
- Department of Paediatric Emergency Care, DM’UP, APHP, Hôpital Robert Debré, 48 Boulevard Serrurier, Paris, 75019 France
| | - Giulia Vitali
- Department of Paediatric Emergency Care, DM’UP, APHP, Hôpital Robert Debré, 48 Boulevard Serrurier, Paris, 75019 France
| | - Romain Guedj
- Department of Paediatric Emergency Care, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, APHP, Paris, 75012 France
- Faculté de Médecine, UMR153, Sorbonne Université, Paris, Inserm France
| | | | - Daniela D’Agnano
- Children Epilepsy and EEG Centre, S. Paolo Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Renato D’Alonzo
- Department of Paediatrics, Ospedale S. Giovanni Battista, Foligno, 06034 Italia
| | - Thomas Moulding
- Department of Specialty and Integrated Medicine, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Luigi Titomanlio
- Department of Paediatric Emergency Care, DM’UP, APHP, Hôpital Robert Debré, 48 Boulevard Serrurier, Paris, 75019 France
- University of Paris, HU I2D2 INSERM UMR1141 Paris, France
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16
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Kim HJ. Importance of sleep quality in functional abdominal pain disorder in pediatric patients. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2022; 20:81-85. [PMID: 38469067 PMCID: PMC10897639 DOI: 10.1007/s41105-021-00342-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of sleep problems is increasing in children, and they are thought to contribute to pain in functional abdominal pain disorder (FAPD). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the pattern of sleep disturbance in children with FAPD and identify the associated factors. We retrospectively analyzed patients aged 12-18 years who were diagnosed with FAPD based on the Rome IV criteria. To assess sleep problems, we used the Korean version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-K). To evaluate factors associated with sleep disturbances, we used the odds ratios (OR) estimated in logistic regression models. Among the 66 patients evaluated, 57.6% (38/66) had a total PSQI-K score > 5, indicating a significant disturbance in sleep, 52.6% (20/38) had irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and 47.4% (18/38) had functional abdominal pain-not otherwise specified. The mean PSQI-K score was 7.2 ± 6.0, and longer sleep onset latency was noted (26.33 ± 19.44 min) in all patients than healthy controls. Almost all PSQI-K subscales scores were elevated in patients with IBS. In univariate analysis, abdominal pain score > 7 and IBS were associated with poor sleep quality. In multivariate analysis, only IBS was associated with sleep disturbance. A relatively large proportion of patients with FAPD had sleep problems and these were more common in patients with IBS. Thus, interventions for improving sleep quality should also be considered in patients with FAPD with severe abdominal pain and IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, 35015 South Korea
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17
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Bearden DJ, Waber DP, Schreiber J, Mrakotsky C. Functional abdominal pain symptom severity: Associations between cognition and emotion in a pediatric sample. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. CHILD 2022; 11:69-80. [PMID: 32538220 PMCID: PMC8589105 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2020.1758106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Functional abdominal pain (FAP) is a common physical complaint in children and adolescents. Prior research has documented associations between FAP symptoms and mood, especially internalizing behaviors. Limited research is available examining the association between symptom burden and cognitive function in this pediatric population. This study explored associations between FAP symptoms, internalizing behaviors, and cognitive and school function in children and adolescents. Twenty-seven participants (mean age = 12.6 years, range 8.8-16.5; 33% male) diagnosed with FAP completed assessments of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral function, as well as FAP symptom severity. Mean performances on cognitive tests were within age-expected ranges. Within this context, however, higher overall burden of FAP symptoms was associated with slower processing speed, more self-reported metacognitive problems and internalizing behaviors, and more school absences. Cognitive function was systematically associated with internalizing behaviors but not physical symptoms. Overall, findings revealed that FAP may be associated with cognitive inefficiencies in addition to internalizing problems. Cognitive symptoms may be linked to internalizing behaviors associated with FAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Jay Bearden
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Neuropsychology, Boston, 02115-5724 United States,Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta Inc, Neuropsychology, Atlanta, 30329-2303 United States
| | | | - Jane Schreiber
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Pediatrics Residency Program, Philadelphia, 19104 United States
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18
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Pesce M, Puoti MG, Rybak A, Andreozzi M, Bruzzese E, Sarnelli G, Borrelli O. Pharmacological interventions for pediatric irritable bowel syndrome. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 23:91-103. [PMID: 34523358 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1976753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Irritable bowel syndrome is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder in children, characterized by recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel habits in terms of both frequency and consistency. According to change in stool consistency it is categorized into 4 subtypes. From the etiological perspective, it is a combination of factors takes part in symptoms' generation, the overall treatment response rate is often unsatisfactory if a multidisciplinary is not pursued. AREAS COVERED The aim of this manuscript is to summarize the current pharmacotherapy in pediatric irritable bowel syndrome in order to aid clinicians in treating this challenging disorder. EXPERT OPINION Most evidence involving pediatric populations rely on open label or retrospective studies and/or are not specifically designed for irritable bowel syndrome but tend to generalize their results to mixed populations of children with functional gastrointestinal disorders. A high placebo response rate combined with poor patients' selection could account for the overall weak evidence supporting the use of pharmacological agents in pediatric irritable bowel syndrome. Given the multifaceted nature of the disorder, multidisciplinary approaches combining pharmacotherapy with alternative treatments is highly recommendable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Pesce
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University "Federico Ii" of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Puoti
- Division of Neurogastroenterology & Motility, Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for children, London, UK
| | - Anna Rybak
- Division of Neurogastroenterology & Motility, Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for children, London, UK
| | - Marta Andreozzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University "Federico Ii" of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Eugenia Bruzzese
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University "Federico Ii" of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sarnelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University "Federico Ii" of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Osvaldo Borrelli
- Division of Neurogastroenterology & Motility, Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for children, London, UK
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19
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Sjölund J, Kull I, Bergström A, Järås J, Ludvigsson JF, Törnblom H, Simrén M, Olén O. Allergy-related diseases in childhood and risk for abdominal pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorders at 16 years-a birth cohort study. BMC Med 2021; 19:214. [PMID: 34526042 PMCID: PMC8444367 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on allergy-related diseases in relation to abdominal pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorders (AP-FGIDs) in children are few and results are contradictory. We examined the associations between childhood allergy-related diseases and adolescent AP-FGIDs in general and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in particular. METHOD Prospective population-based birth cohort study of 4089 children born in Sweden 1994-1996. We analysed data from 2949 children with complete follow-up at 16 years (y) and no diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease or coeliac disease at 12y or 16y. Asthma, rhinitis, eczema, and food hypersensitivity (FH) were assessed through questionnaires at 1-2y, 4y, 8y, 12y, and 16y. AP-FGIDs and IBS were assessed through questionnaires at 16y and defined according to the Rome III criteria. Associations between childhood allergy-related diseases and any AP-FGID and IBS and 16y respectively were examined using binomial generalized linear models with a log link function and described as relative risk with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS The prevalence of any AP-FGID and IBS at 16y were 12.0% and 6.0% respectively. Eczema at 1-2y, 4y, and 8y, and FH at 12y and 16y were associated with an increased risk for any AP-FGID at 16y. Asthma and FH at 12y and 16y were associated with an increased risk for IBS at 16y. The relative risk for IBS at 16y increased with increasing number of concurrent allergy-related diseases at 16y, but linear trend for relative risk was only borderline statistically significant (P for trend = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This prospective population-based study demonstrated positive associations between childhood allergy-related diseases and adolescent AP-FGIDs, including IBS, implicating shared pathophysiology among these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Sjölund
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 428, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Inger Kull
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Sachs' Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Bergström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacob Järås
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas F Ludvigsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Paediatrics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.,Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hans Törnblom
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 428, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Simrén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 428, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Centre for Functional GI and Motility Disorders, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ola Olén
- Sachs' Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Chumpitazi BP, Palermo TM, Hollier JM, Self MM, Czyzewski D, Weidler EM, Heitkemper M, Shulman RJ. Multisite Pain Is Highly Prevalent in Children with Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders and Is Associated with Increased Morbidity. J Pediatr 2021; 236:131-136. [PMID: 33940018 PMCID: PMC8403143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize the types of multisite pain experienced by children with functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) and to examine differences in psychosocial distress, functional disability, and health-related quality of life in children with multisite pain vs abdominal pain alone. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study of children ages 7-17 years (n = 406) with pediatric Rome III FAPDs recruited from both primary and tertiary care between January 2009 and June 2018. Subjects completed 14-day pain and stool diaries, as well as validated questionnaires assessing abdominal and nonabdominal pain symptoms, anxiety, depression, functional disability, and health-related quality of life. RESULTS In total, 295 (73%) children endorsed at least 1 co-occurring nonabdominal pain, thus, were categorized as having multisite pain with the following symptoms: 172 (42%) headaches, 143 (35%) chest pain, 134 (33%) muscle soreness, 110 (27%) back pain, 94 (23%) joint pain, and 87 (21%) extremity (arms and legs) pain. In addition, 200 children (49%) endorsed 2 or more nonabdominal pain symptoms. Participants with (vs without) multisite pain had significantly higher abdominal pain frequency (P < .001) and severity (P = .03), anxiety (P < .001), and depression (P < .001). Similarly, children with multisite pain (vs without) had significantly worse functional disability (P < .001) and health-related quality of life scores (P < .001). Increasing number of multisite pain sites (P < .001) was associated with increased functional disability when controlling for demographic and other clinical factors. CONCLUSIONS In children with FAPDs, nonabdominal multisite pain is highly prevalent and is associated with increased psychosocial distress, abdominal pain frequency and severity, functional disability, and lower health-related quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno P. Chumpitazi
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA,Children’s Nutrition Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Houston, TX USA
| | - Tonya M. Palermo
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA USA,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - John M. Hollier
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mariella M. Self
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Danita Czyzewski
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erica M. Weidler
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA,Children’s Nutrition Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Houston, TX USA
| | - Margaret Heitkemper
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Robert J. Shulman
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA,Children’s Nutrition Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Houston, TX USA
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21
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Short P, Burklow CS, Nylund CM, Susi A, Hisle-Gorman E. Impact of Parental Illness and Injury on Pediatric Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction. J Pediatr 2021; 236:148-156.e3. [PMID: 33991543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between parental injury and illness and disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) in children. STUDY DESIGN A self-controlled case series using data from the Military Health System Data Repository compared International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision-identified DGBI-related outpatient visits and prescriptions in 442 651 children aged 3-16 years in the 2 years before and the 2 years after the injury and/or illness of their military parent. Negative binomial regression was used to compare visit rates for constipation, fecal incontinence, abdominal pain, irritable bowel syndrome, and a composite of these before and after parental injury and/or illness. Logistic regression, clustered by child, compared the odds of stooling agent and antispasmodic prescription before and after parental injury and/or illness. RESULTS In the 2 years following parental injury and/or illness, children had increased visits for DGBIs (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR] 1.09; 95% CI 1.07-1.10), constipation (aIRR 1.07; 95% CI 1.04-1.10), abdominal pain (aIRR 1.09; 95% CI 1.07-1.12), and irritable bowel syndrome (aIRR 1.37; 95% CI 1.19-1.58). Following parental injury and/or illness, the odds of stooling agent prescription decreased (aOR 0.95; 95% CI 0.93-0.97) and the odds of antispasmodic prescription increased (aOR 1.26; 95% CI 1.18-1.36). CONCLUSIONS Parental injury and/or illness is associated with increased healthcare use for DGBIs. Parental health should be considered by clinicians when assessing DGBIs, counseling patients, and formulating treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Short
- Department of Pediatrics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD; Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
| | - Carolyn Sullivan Burklow
- Department of Pediatrics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD; Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
| | - Cade M Nylund
- Department of Pediatrics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD; Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
| | - Apryl Susi
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
| | - Elizabeth Hisle-Gorman
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
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Wei Z, Yang X, Xing X, Dong L, Wang J, Qin B. Risk factors associated with functional dyspepsia in Chinese children: a cross-sectional study. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:218. [PMID: 33980172 PMCID: PMC8114539 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01800-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is no study assessing the risk factors associated with functional dyspepsia (FD) in Chinese children based on the Rome IV criteria. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from eight representative primary and secondary schools to assess the risk factors associated with FD in Chinese children based on the Rome IV criteria.
Results A total of 6976 Chinese children were enrolled. The mean age was 14.3 ± 2.5 years, with a range from 7 to 17 years, and 3497 (50.1%) participants were female. FD was prevalent in 209 (3.0%) of the Chinese child population studied. Age (OR = 1.112, P = 0.006), living independent of parents (OR = 1.677, P < 0.001), prolonged school meals (OR = 2.107, P < 0.001), never eat breakfast (OR = 2.192, P = 0.003), often/daily eat cold foods (OR = 2.296, P = 0.002; OR = 2.736, P = 0.011), and often eat pickled foods (OR = 2.390, P = 0.001) were found to be independent risk factors for FD. A nomogram with these risk factors had good discrimination (AUC = 0.727) and calibration (Hosmer–Lemeshow test was 0.851). Conclusions Age, living independent of parents, prolonged school meals, never eat breakfast, often/daily eat cold foods and often eat pickled foods were independent risk factors for FD. The nomogram could be used as a quick screening tool to assess FD in Chinese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongcao Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Department of General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Xing
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinhai Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Bin Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Huang Y, Tan SY, Parikh P, Buthmanaban V, Rajindrajith S, Benninga MA. Prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in infants and young children in China. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:131. [PMID: 33731059 PMCID: PMC7968152 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02610-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in children, particularly from Asia, is largely unknown. There are not many studies done in Asia especially using the Rome IV criteria. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of FGIDs in infants and young children in a representative sample in China. METHODS A prospective, cross-sectional, community-based survey was conducted among healthy infants and young children between the ages of 0-4 years in Jinhua and Shanghai, China. A total of 2604 subjects (1300 subjects from Jinhua and 1304 subjects from Shanghai) completed a validated questionnaire on pediatric gastrointestinal symptoms. FGIDs in infants and young children were diagnosed using the Rome IV criteria. RESULTS According to the Rome IV criteria, the prevalence of having a FGID in Chinese infants and young children is 27.3%. Infant regurgitation (33.9%) was the most common FGID among the 0-6 months old while functional constipation (7.0%) was the most common among the 1-4 years old. Risk factor analysis revealed that prevalence of infantile colic was higher with better maternal education and low birth weight. Prevalence of infantile regurgitation was significantly greater in males, living in a rural area, being exclusively breast fed at least up to 4 months and starting formula feeds within the first month. The risk of functional constipation was lower for infants who were delivered vaginally. CONCLUSIONS Infantile regurgitation was the most common FGID in Chinese infants while functional constipation was most prevalent among young Chinese children. TRIAL REGISTRATION Netherlands Trial Registry Identifier: NL6973/NTR7161 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Serene Yaling Tan
- FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
- FrieslandCampina Development Centre AMEA, 89 Science Park Drive, #02-05/06/08 The Rutherford B, Science Park 1, Singapore, 118261, Singapore.
| | | | | | - Shaman Rajindrajith
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Marc Alexander Benninga
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, The Netherlands
- Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, The Netherlands
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Shava U, Srivastava A, Mathias A, Kumar N, Yachha SK, Gambhir S, Poddar U. Functional dyspepsia in children: A study of pathophysiological factors. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:680-686. [PMID: 32710649 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Functional dyspepsia (FD) is common in children, and treatment targeted towards the altered pathophysiology can improve outcome. We evaluated FD children for abnormality of gastric accommodation and emptying, psychological stressors (PS), Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection, and post-infectious FD. METHODS Diagnosis of FD was based on ROME III criteria. Clinical evaluation including dyspeptic symptom scoring and assessment for PS was performed. Satiety drink test for gastric accommodation, gastroscopy with biopsy for HP infection, and solid meal gastric emptying were performed. Sixty-seven healthy children were enrolled for assessing PS and satiety drink test. RESULTS Fifty-five FD children (33 boys, age 12 [6-18] years) with symptoms for 4 (2-48) months and dyspeptic score of 5 (1-13) were enrolled. PS were more common in FD than in controls (46/55 vs 9/67; P < 0.001). Median satiety drink volume was 360 mL (180-1320 mL); no patients had satiety drink volume of < 5th centile of healthy children. The frequency (98% vs 85%; P = 0.01) and severity (65 [10-175] vs 50 [5-130]; P < 0.001) of postprandial symptoms were higher in FD than in controls. Of the postprandial symptoms, pain (20.3% vs 0%; P = 0.000) was present only in FD. Delayed gastric emptying was present in 6.5%, HP infection in 11%, and post-infectious FD in 13% cases. Etiological factor was identified in 87% children, with 20% having multiple factors. CONCLUSIONS Abnormality of gastric sensorimotor function is seen in one-fourth of FD cases. HP infection and post-infectious FD are present in 11% and 13% cases, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upender Shava
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Anshu Srivastava
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Amrita Mathias
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Narvesh Kumar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Surender Kumar Yachha
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Sanjay Gambhir
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Ujjal Poddar
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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25
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Ziv-Baran T, Dubov Y, Weinberger R, Guz-Mark A, Shamir R, Assa A. Anti-tissue transglutaminase titers are associated with endoscopic findings and severity of mucosal damage in children with celiac disease. Eur J Pediatr 2021; 180:263-269. [PMID: 32772154 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-020-03770-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to assess the correlation between clinical findings, serology, endoscopic findings, and histology in children diagnosed with celiac disease. Medical records of children diagnosed with celiac disease (2010-2017) at the Schneider Children's Hospital were reviewed retrospectively. Correlation between serologic measures anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG)/anti-endomysial antibodies (EMA) and other variables including mucosal damage, endoscopic findings (scalloping of duodenal folds), and clinical findings (abdominal pain, diarrhea, and anemia) was assessed. Out of 686 patients, 432 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria (females 262, 61%; median age 6.0; interquartile range 4.0-9.0 years). Distribution of histopathology findings was Marsh IIIa 4%, Marsh IIIb 25%, and Marsh IIIc 71% with 313 (73%) patients having anti-tTG titer of ≥ 10 times the upper normal limit. Anti-tTG titer (but not EMA) positively correlated with Marsh grades, scalloping of duodenal folds and anemia. Anti-tTG ≥ 10 times the upper normal limit was associated with Marsh IIIc changes with an adjusted odds ratio of 4.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.7-12.1). Diarrhea and abdominal pain were not associated with serologic, endoscopic, or histologic markers of disease severity.Conclusion: Anti-tTG titers correlated with macroscopic and microscopic mucosal damage, with anemia but not with diarrhea or abdominal pain in children with celiac disease. What is Known: • Tissue transglutaminase antibody titers were shown to correlate with the degree of mucosal damage in patients with celiac disease. • There is a limited evidence regarding the association of celiac serologies with endoscopic and clinical measures. What is New: • Higher titers of tissue transglutaminase but not anti-endomysial antibodies are associated with more severe histologic and endoscopic damage and with the presence of anemia. • Symptoms do not correlate with the severity of mucosal damage such as scalloping of duodenal folds and histopathology changes according to Marsh classification or with serologic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Ziv-Baran
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yulia Dubov
- Immunology Laboratory, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Anat Guz-Mark
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Disease, Schneider Children's Medical Center, 14 Kaplan St., 4920235, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Raanan Shamir
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Disease, Schneider Children's Medical Center, 14 Kaplan St., 4920235, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Amit Assa
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Disease, Schneider Children's Medical Center, 14 Kaplan St., 4920235, Petah Tikva, Israel.
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Kumari MV, Amarasiri L, Rajindrajith S, Devanarayana NM. Functional abdominal pain disorders and asthma: two disorders, but similar pathophysiology? Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 15:9-24. [PMID: 32909837 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2020.1821652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) and asthma are common ailments affecting both children and adults worldwide. Multiple studies have demonstrated an association between these two disorders. However, the exact reason for this observed association is not apparent. AREAS COVERED The current review has explored available literature and outlined multiple underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, common to both asthma and FAPDs, as possible reasons for this association. EXPERT OPINION Smooth muscle dysfunction, hypersensitivity and hyper-responsiveness, mucosal inflammation, and barrier dysfunction involving gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts are the main underlying pathophysiological mechanisms described for the generation of symptoms in FAPDs and asthma. In addition, alterations in neuroendocrine regulatory functions, immunological dysfunction, and microbial dysbiosis have been described in both disorders. We believe that the pathophysiological processes that were explored in this article would be able to expand the mechanisms of the association. The in-depth knowledge is needed to be converted to therapeutic and preventive strategies to improve the quality of care of children suffering from FAPDs and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manori Vijaya Kumari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine & Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka , Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Lakmali Amarasiri
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo , Colombo, Sri Lanka
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27
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Porter JA, MacKenzie KE, Darlow BA, Pearson JF, Day AS. A questionnaire-based assessment of gastrointestinal symptoms in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Transl Pediatr 2020; 9:743-749. [PMID: 33457295 PMCID: PMC7804482 DOI: 10.21037/tp-20-139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children commonly report gastrointestinal symptoms. Limited evidence suggests that children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) report more gastrointestinal symptoms than healthy children without diabetes. The aim of this study was to ascertain the pattern and severity gastrointestinal symptoms reported by children with diabetes and healthy children without diabetes. METHODS After recruitment, children (less than 16 years of age) with type 1 diabetes and healthy control children reported their recent gastrointestinal symptoms using a short questionnaire. A five-point Likert scale was utilised to grade the severity of each symptom and an overall symptom score for each child was derived. RESULTS One hundred and fifty cases (88% of eligible population) and 94 controls completed the questionnaire. Both groups had similarly high rates of any gastrointestinal symptom [80% of controls vs. 85% cases, OR 1.5 (95% CI: 0.7-3.1)]. Children with diabetes had higher mean scores for abdominal pain (1.3 vs. 1.0, P=0.02) and reflux (0.4 vs. 0.20, P=0.02). Cases also had a higher overall mean score than controls (4.9 vs. 3.4, P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS Overall, gastrointestinal symptoms were reported at the same frequency by both groups of children. However, the children with diabetes had more severe symptoms, especially those of reflux and abdominal pain. The reasons for these differences remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody A. Porter
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Paediatrics, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Karen E. MacKenzie
- Department of Paediatrics, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Brian A. Darlow
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - John F. Pearson
- Department of Population Health, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Andrew S. Day
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Paediatrics, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
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28
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Yacob D, Kroon Van Diest AM, Di Lorenzo C. Functional abdominal pain in adolescents: case-based management. Frontline Gastroenterol 2020; 12:629-635. [PMID: 34917320 PMCID: PMC8640410 DOI: 10.1136/flgastro-2020-101572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), including functional abdominal pain (FAP), account for a large portion of conditions seen by paediatric gastroenterologists. Despite the commonality of FGIDs, there remains significant stigma around these diagnoses among medical providers, patients and families. This is due to the absence of easily identifiable biological markers in FGIDs and the overlay with psychological and social factors contributing to symptom onset and maintenance. As such, the biopsychosocial model is essential in conceptualising, evaluating and treating FGIDs. The way in which medical providers explain FGIDs and the manner in which they collaborate with other specialists (eg, psychologists, dieticians, physical therapists, school nurses) is paramount to the patient and family acceptance of an FGID diagnosis and the success of subsequent treatment. The following review outlines paediatric FGIDs with a focus on FAP in adolescents, in particular within the context of the biopsychosocial approach to pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desale Yacob
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA,Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ashley M Kroon Van Diest
- Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA,Pediatric Psychology and Neuropsychology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Carlo Di Lorenzo
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA,Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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29
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Zeevenhooven J, van der Heijden HS, Devanarayana NM, Rajindrajith S, Benninga MA. Epidemiology of Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders and Functional Defecation Disorders in Adolescents in Curacao. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2020; 71:e103-e104. [PMID: 32639457 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Zeevenhooven
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heleen Susanne van der Heijden
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Shaman Rajindrajith
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Marc A Benninga
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Major J, Ádám S. Self-reported specific learning disorders and risk factors among Hungarian adolescents with functional abdominal pain disorders: a cross sectional study. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:281. [PMID: 32505201 PMCID: PMC7275532 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02167-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite its increasing clinical significance and diagnostic challenges, little is known about functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) in Central-Eastern Europe. In this paper, the prevalence and potential sociodemographic correlates of FAPDs among Hungarian adolescents are explored. METHODS A cross-sectional, nationwide, questionnaire study in a representative sample of 657 adolescents has been conducted. With a response rate of 80.2%, 522/527 (99.1%) questionnaires were eligible for data analysis (N = 267, 51.1% girls, mean age 14.8, SD 2.4 years). The questionnaire included sociodemographic variables (age, sex, place of residence, marital status of the parents, family income, religion, educational level of parents), questions regarding self-reported specific learning disorders and the Questionnaire for Paediatric Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rome ΙΙΙ Edition. RESULTS The prevalence of FAPDs was 11.9% (N = 62). FAPDs were significantly associated with female sex. Living in a county town showed a negative correlation with FAPD. Adolescents with self-reported arithmetic learning disorders had an 8.7-fold likelihood of FAPD (OR, 8.7; 95% CI (3.5-21.9). Adolescent girls reported pain in all subtypes of FAPDs more frequently than adolescent boys except functional abdominal pain syndrome. The most prevalent FAPD was abdominal migraine (N = 32, 6.1%), followed by irritable bowel syndrome (N = 24, 4.6%). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of FAPDs in Hungary is similar to that reported worldwide, however, contrary to international data, abdominal migraine is the most frequently encountered FAPD in Hungary. In addition to well-known correlates of FAPDs, such as female sex and place of residence, arithmetic learning disorders have also been identified as correlating with the prevalence of FAPDs. Our results suggest culture-specific differences in the distribution of FAPDs, and confirm the significance of school performance indicators such as specific learning disorders as a correlate of FAPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Major
- Károly Rácz School of PhD Studies, Semmelweis University, Üllői str. 26., Budapest, H-1085, Hungary. .,HRC Bethesda Children's Hospital, Bethesda str. 3., Budapest, H-1146, Hungary.
| | - Szilvia Ádám
- Faculty of Health and Public Services, Health Services Management Training Centre, Semmelweis University, Kútvölgyi str. 2., Budapest, H-1125, Hungary
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Comparison of the Efficacy of Buspirone and Placebo in Childhood Functional Abdominal Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Gastroenterol 2020; 115:756-765. [PMID: 32221160 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pharmacological interventions have not been successful in the treatment of childhood functional abdominal pain (FAP) hitherto. Buspirone is suggested to be efficacious in some of the abdominal pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorders based on evidences from the studies on adults. We aim to investigate the efficacy of buspirone on childhood FAP. METHODS This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 117 patients with childhood FAP aged 6-18 years. We randomly assigned patients to receive buspirone or placebo for 4 weeks, with the adjusted dosage for age. Participants completed the questionnaires assessing pain, depression, anxiety, somatization, and sleep disturbances at baseline, at the end of the 4-week therapy (first follow-up), and at 8 weeks after medication discontinuation (second follow-up). The primary outcome was treatment response rate, defined as reduced pain score of ≥2 or reporting no pain at the follow-up assessments. RESULTS Ninety-five patients completed the 4-week therapy (48 and 47 in buspirone and placebo groups, respectively). Both buspirone and placebo reduced pain after 4 weeks of treatment, and these effects were persistent 8 weeks after medication discontinuation (P < 0.001 for both groups at weeks 4 and 12). Treatment response rates for buspirone and placebo were 58.3% and 59.6% at week 4 (P = 0.902) and 68.1% and 71.1% at week 12 (P = 0.753), respectively. DISCUSSION Buspirone effectively improves pain and associated psychological symptoms including depressive symptoms, anxiety, somatization, and sleep disturbances in childhood FAP but has no superiority over placebo. Further studies, with the higher doses of buspirone and longer follow-ups are recommended.
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32
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Velasco-Benítez CA, Moreno-Gómez JE, Ramírez-Hernández CR. Subtipos del síndrome de intestino irritable en niños. DUAZARY 2020. [DOI: 10.21676/2389783x.3223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
La prevalencia del síndrome de intestino irritable (SII) pediátrico es 1,2%-5,4%, y los subtipos en niños latinoamericanos, no está especificada. El objetivo de este estudio es caracterizar los subtipos del SII y sus posibles asociaciones. Estudio de prevalencia en niños entre los ocho y 18 años de edad con SII según los Criterios de Roma III. Se tomaron variables sociodemográficas, familiares y clínicas. Los subtipos de SII se consideraron por la consistencia de las heces en SII con estreñimiento (SII-e); diarrea (SII-d); mixto (SII-m) y sin subtipo (SII-ss). La estadística incluyó análisis uni y bivariados. Los datos fueron analizados usando t-student a dos colas, chi2, prueba exacta de Fisher y razón de prevalencia (RP) con IC95%, siendo p<0,05 significativa. Fueron incluidos 196 niños (53,6% femeninos; mediana de 11 años); presentándose SII-ss en 64,8%, SII-e en 19,9%, SII-m en 8,7% y SII-d en 6,6%. Hubo diferencias significativas en las características de las heces (p=0,01), en la incontinencia fecal (p=0,02), en los fecalomas (p=0,00); y posibles asociaciones entre el SII-d, ciudad (p=0,00) y malnutrición (p=0,02). En conclusión, luego del SII-ss, ¼ de los niños estudiados presentó SII-e, seguido del SII-m y SII-d; presentándose el SII-d con mayor oportunidad en malnutridos.
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Oswari H, Alatas FS, Hegar B, Cheng W, Pramadyani A, Benninga MA, Rajindrajith S. Functional abdominal pain disorders in adolescents in Indonesia and their association with family related stress. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:342. [PMID: 31554509 PMCID: PMC6761710 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1682-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPD) have been widely reported as a major group of gastrointestinal disorders across the world. This study describes the prevalence, related factors, symptomatology and its relationship to emotional stress in Indonesian adolescents. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. Adolescents aged 10 to 17 years from nine randomly selected state schools from five districts of Jakarta, Indonesia, were invited to participate. A translated and validated Rome-III self-administered-questionnaire was used to collect data on gastrointestinal symptoms. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, intestinal as well as extra-intestinal symptoms, and exposure to stressful life events were also collected using a separate validated questionnaire. Results A total of 1813 questionnaires were included in the analysis [males 739 (40.8%) mean age of 13.54 years + 0.89]. Of them, 209 children (11.5%) fulfilled Rome III criteria of FAPD. Functional abdominal pain (FAP) was reported as the most prevalent subtype (5.8%), followed by functional dyspepsia (3.3%), irritable bowel syndrome (2%) and abdominal migraine (0.4%). The prevalence was higher in girls (p < 0.05) and those exposed to family-related stressful life events (p < 0.05). They include divorce or separation of parents (adjusted OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.75–3.7, p = < 0.001), death of a close family member (adjusted OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.39–3.59, P = 0.001), and father’s alcoholism (adjusted OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.22–3.1, P = 0.005). Conclusions FAPD are common paediatric entities among Indonesian adolescents with a prevalence of 11.5%. FAPD were noted to be higher in girls and adolescents exposed to family-related stressful life events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanifah Oswari
- Department of Child Health, Gastrohepatology division, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba 6, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia.
| | - Fatima Safira Alatas
- Department of Child Health, Gastrohepatology division, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba 6, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Badriul Hegar
- Department of Child Health, Gastrohepatology division, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba 6, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - William Cheng
- Department of Child Health, Gastrohepatology division, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba 6, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Arnesya Pramadyani
- Department of Child Health, Gastrohepatology division, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba 6, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Marc Alexander Benninga
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Emma Children's, Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Fodor I, Man SC, Dumitrascu DL. Low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols diet in children. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:2666-2674. [PMID: 31616683 PMCID: PMC6789397 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i18.2666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a lifelong condition with a high prevalence among children and adults. As the diet is a frequent factor that triggers the symptoms, it has been assumed that by avoiding the consumption of fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP), the symptoms might be improved. Therefore, in the past decade, low FODMAP diet has been intensively investigated in the management of IBS. The capacity of FODMAPs to trigger the symptoms in patients with IBS was related to the stimulation of mechanoreceptors in the small and large intestine. This stimulation appears as a response to a combination of increased luminal water (the osmotic effect) and the release of gases (carbon dioxide and hydrogen) due to the fermentation of oligosaccharides and malabsorption of fructose, lactose and polyols. Numerous studies have been published regarding the efficacy of a low FODMAP diet compared to a traditional diet in releasing the IBS symptoms in adults, but there are only a few studies in the juvenile population. The aim of this review is to analyze the current data on both low FODMAP diet in children with IBS and the effects on their nutritional status and physiological development, given the fact that it is a restrictive diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Fodor
- 3rd Pediatric Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400006, Romania
| | - Sorin Claudiu Man
- 3rd Pediatric Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400006, Romania
| | - Dan L Dumitrascu
- 2nd Medical Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400006, Romania
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Heinsch ML, Nightingale S. Functional gastrointestinal disorders in children and adolescents: Knowledge, practice and attitudes of Australian paediatricians. J Paediatr Child Health 2019; 55:1063-1069. [PMID: 30628135 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.14342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate paediatricians' understanding of, and approaches to, the diagnosis and treatment of functional abdominal pain (FAP) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in children. METHODS This study used an electronic survey of doctors subscribing to a popular Australian-based paediatrics email forum. Responses about investigation and management in two clinical vignettes were correlated with respondent demographic data, practice setting, attitudes and knowledge. RESULTS The 327 respondents were mostly female (60.3%), aged <45 years (54.5%), general paediatricians (53.5%), working in public outpatient clinics (50.5%). Awareness of Rome III diagnostic criteria was low (37.2%) but associated with confidence in diagnosing FAP/IBS in the vignettes. Respondents who lacked confidence in diagnosing FAP/IBS requested more investigations (P < 0.05), although most acknowledged they would not be helpful. Most (70.5%) believed that families are unlikely to accept an FAP diagnosis without investigations requested. Fewer than 1 of 3 were aware of clear evidence for the effective therapy of FAP or IBS, although awareness did not influence management options selected. Two-thirds of respondents believe that FAP is a psychological rather than a medical problem, while few (8.8%) believe the same about IBS (P < 0.001). Parental pressure to find an immediate cure was cited as the most frequent challenge to successful management in both FAP (86.6%) and IBS (75.9%). CONCLUSIONS Awareness of the Rome criteria was associated with greater confidence in diagnosing FAP and IBS. Attitudes to FAP and IBS being diagnoses of exclusion are prevalent among paediatricians and associated with more investigations requested. There is a lack of awareness of evidence-based therapies for FAP and IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena L Heinsch
- Discipline of Social Work, School of Humanities and Social Science, Faculty of Arts and Education, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Scott Nightingale
- Paediatric Gastroenterology, John Hunter Children's Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,GrowUpWell Priority Research Centre, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Tailoring Individualized Evaluation of Pediatric Abdominal Pain Using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). Clin J Pain 2019; 35:859-868. [DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000000750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Walter AW, Hovenkamp A, Devanarayana NM, Solanga R, Rajindrajith S, Benninga MA. Functional constipation in infancy and early childhood: epidemiology, risk factors, and healthcare consultation. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:285. [PMID: 31416431 PMCID: PMC6694472 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1652-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional constipation (FC) is a pediatric problem that is seen frequently. However, its prevalence in Asia remains undetermined. In this study we attempted to determine the prevalence, risk factors and therapeutic modalities of FC in infants and toddlers in Sri Lanka. METHODS Children aged 6.5 months to 4 years were selected from 14 well-baby and vaccination clinics in the Gampaha District of Sri Lanka. A questionnaire with questions regarding the socio-demographic characteristics, child's bowel habits, psycho-social risk factors and treatment modalities were filled by the mothers. FC was diagnosed according to ROME III criteria. RESULTS A total of 1113 children were analyzed [(female n = 560 (50.3%) with a mean age of 20.7 months, standard deviation [SD] 11.2 months. FC was found in 89 (8.0%). FC was significantly and independently associated with underweight (14.3% vs 7.2%, p = 0.008. [OR and 95% CI: 2,3 (CI; 1.3-4.2)] and residence in an urban area (9.6% vs 5.6%, p = 0.013). [OR and 95% CI: 0.592 (CI; 0.396-0.95)]. Children subjected to violence showed a significantly higher prevalence of FC (20.0 vs 7.8%, p = 0.046). Children being overweight and children living with mothers subjected to violence showed a higher, though not statistically significant, tendency to develop FC. Children with FC visited healthcare clinics more frequently when compared to controls (19.6% vs 6.0%, p < 0.0001). However, only 24% of infants and toddlers with FC were treated specifically for the condition by a doctor. CONCLUSIONS FC occurred in 8% of this cohort of Sri Lankan infants and toddlers. It is significantly associated with underweight and living in an urban area. Only a quarter of them received medical attention for their constipation. TRIAL REGISTRATION SLCP/ERC/2014/12 , December 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Willemijn Walter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, H7-248, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Hovenkamp
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, H7-248, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Niranga Manjuri Devanarayana
- Senior Lecturer in Physiology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Thalagolla Road, Ragama, 11010 Sri Lanka
| | | | - Shaman Rajindrajith
- Senior lecturer in Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Thalagolla Road, Ragama, 11010 Sri Lanka
| | - Marc Alexander Benninga
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Emma Children’s Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kovacic K, Kapavarapu PK, Sood MR, Li BUK, Nugent M, Simpson P, Miranda A. Nausea exacerbates symptom burden, quality of life, and functioning in adolescents with functional abdominal pain disorders. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13595. [PMID: 30957319 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nausea frequently co-exists with functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) and may be linked to a higher disease burden. This study aimed to prospectively compare multisystem symptoms, quality of life, and functioning in FAPDs with and without nausea. METHODS Adolescents ages 11-18 years fulfilling Rome III criteria for a FAPD were grouped by the presence or absence of chronic nausea. Subjects completed validated instruments assessing nausea (Nausea Profile Questionnaire = NPQ), quality of life (Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System), functioning (Functional Disability Inventory), and anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children). Group comparisons were performed for instruments, multisystem symptoms, school absences, and clinical diagnoses. KEY RESULTS A total of 112 subjects were included; 71% reported chronic nausea. Patients with Nausea compared to No Nausea had higher NPQ scores (P ≤ 0.001), worse quality of life (P = 0.004), and greater disability (P = 0.02). State and trait anxiety scores were similar (P = 0.57, P = 0.25). A higher NPQ score correlated with poorer quality of life, more disability, and higher anxiety. Specific comorbidities were more common in Nausea vs No Nausea group: dizziness (81% vs 41%; P ≤ 0.001), concentrating difficulties (68% vs 27%; P ≤ 0.001), chronic fatigue (58% vs 20%; P = 0.01), and sleep disturbances (73% vs 48%; P = 0.02). The Nausea group reported more school absences (P = 0.001) and more commonly met criteria for functional dyspepsia (P = 0.034). CONCLUSION AND INFERENCES Nausea co-existing with FAPDs is associated with a higher extra-intestinal symptom burden, worse quality of life, and impaired functioning in children. Assessing and targeting nausea therapeutically is essential to improve outcomes in FAPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kovacic
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Prasanna K Kapavarapu
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Manu R Sood
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - B U K Li
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Melodee Nugent
- Division of Quantitative Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Pippa Simpson
- Division of Quantitative Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Adrian Miranda
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Newton E, Schosheim A, Patel S, Chitkara DK, van Tilburg MAL. The role of psychological factors in pediatric functional abdominal pain disorders. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13538. [PMID: 30729663 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) are disorders of brain-gut dysregulation. Psychological factors are known to be related to etiology, maintenance, and exacerbation of pediatric FAPDs. With the evolving literature in the past two decades, a better understanding has emerged of precisely which psychological factors are associated with childhood FAPDs. PURPOSE This narrative literature review summarizes the literature of both child and parent psychological factors in pediatric FAPD. Where anxiety and depression were major targets in the older literature, present-day focus is increasingly on pain-specific cognitions and coping strategies including disease threat and catastrophizing. In addition, parental reaction to a child's pain is increasingly recognized as an important moderator of a child's outcomes and has become an area for clinical intervention. Screening for these factors and integrative treatment approaches are recommended in childhood FAPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Newton
- Department of Clinical Research, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, North Carolina
| | - Alex Schosheim
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Samit Patel
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Arnold Palmer Hospital, Orlando, Florida
| | - Denesh K Chitkara
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Saint Peters University Hospital, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Miranda A L van Tilburg
- Department of Clinical Research, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, North Carolina
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- School of Social work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Zouini B, Sfendla A, Senhaji M, Råstam M, Kerekes N. Somatic health and its association with negative psychosocial factors in a sample of Moroccan adolescents. SAGE Open Med 2019; 7:2050312119852527. [PMID: 31205702 PMCID: PMC6535729 DOI: 10.1177/2050312119852527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adolescence is a distinct developmental phase characterized by multiple physical and psychological changes and by an increased vulnerability to somatic and mental health problems. These risk and vulnerability factors are part of a complex biopsychosocial matrix, encompassing multiple factors, such as inherited biological determinants and psychological, societal, and cultural influences, which affect an adolescent’s overall wellbeing. In Morocco, similar to other developing countries, adolescents (young people aged from 15 to 19 years) constitute a substantial proportion of the population (almost 9%). However, studies about adolescents’ health in developing countries are scarce. In this study, we describe adolescents’ somatic health in a sample of high school students from the city of Tetouan, Morocco, and investigate how negative psychosocial factors, such as parental alcohol use problems and/or the experience of abuse, may influence them. Methods: The study sample included 655 adolescents (315 boys and 340 girls, M = 16.64 years, range = 15–18 years) from conviniently selected classes of four high schools in the city of Tetouan in Morocco. The students responded to a survey that assessed the prevalence of somatic complaints/disorders. They also indicated whether they had ever experienced physical and/or psychological abuse and whether they had parents with alcohol use problems. Results: More than half of the adolescents suffered from headaches and one-third had substantial problems with diarrhea or constipation. Both problems were more common in female students. The third most frequent somatic problem, affecting one in four in both genders, was allergy. Almost one-third of Moroccan adolescents (significantly more boys than girls; p = 0.004) reported no somatic complaints. In adolescents who reported parental alcohol use problems and/or experience of physical and/or psychological abuse, the prevalence of several somatic complaints (epilepsy, migraine, headache, diarrhea/constipation, gluten intolerance, allergy, and skin or thyroid disease) increased highly significantly compared to the adolescents who reported no such psychosocial environmental factors. Conclusion: The results suggest that only 3 in 10 urban-living Moroccan adolescents are free of somatic complaints, while the majority suffer from some somatic problems, most often headaches and diarrhea/constipation. The association of certain negative psychosocial factors with adolescents’ somatic health suggests the need of a holistic approach to the treatment of affected adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Btissame Zouini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Anis Sfendla
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Meftaha Senhaji
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Maria Råstam
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nóra Kerekes
- Department of Health Sciences, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
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Jiang C, Xu Y, Sharma S, Zhang L, Wang H, Song J, Qian W, Bai T, Hou X. Psychosocial Factors Associated With Irritable Bowel Syndrome Development in Chinese College Freshmen. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 25:233-240. [PMID: 30870878 PMCID: PMC6474708 DOI: 10.5056/jnm18028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The role of psychosocial factors on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in adolescents is incompletely understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between the psychosocial factors and the risk of developing IBS in college freshmen. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a randomly selected freshmen population in Wuhan China (n = 2449). Questionnaire evaluated demographics and psychosocial risks. The population was divided into 3 groups: non-discomfort, chronic abdominal discomfort and IBS. The association between the development of IBS and psychosocial factors was analyzed by ordinal and multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 2053 (83.8%) completed this survey (mean age, 18.2 ± 0.9 years; female, 35.6%). Among them, 82 (4.0%) fulfilled the Rome III criteria for IBS. Female (odds ratio [OR], 3.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.47-4.45), experience of abuse (OR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.10-5.56), and suicidal intention (OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.15-4.17) were more likely to have IBS. Compared with chronic abdominal discomfort, however, depression (OR, 5.55; 95% CI, 1.36-22.71) was the only dependent risk factor for IBS. CONCLUSION The prevalence of IBS in college freshmen is 4.0%, and to the freshmen, psychosocial factors such as experience of abuse, depression, and suicidal intention were associated with high risk of developing IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan,
China
| | - Yan Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan,
China
| | - Stuti Sharma
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan,
China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan,
China
| | - Huan Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan,
China
| | - Jun Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan,
China
| | - Wei Qian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan,
China
| | - Tao Bai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan,
China
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan,
China
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Fisher K, Hutcheon D, Ziegler J. Elimination of Fermentable Carbohydrates to Reduce Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Pediatric Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Narrative Review. Nutr Clin Pract 2019; 35:231-245. [PMID: 30937981 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is classified as a functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel function. Although the pathophysiology of IBS is incompletely understood, fermentable carbohydrates are implicated as a potential cause of symptoms. An elimination diet, such as a low-FODMAP (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols) diet, represents a potential intervention for reducing GI symptoms in patients with IBS. The role of fermentable carbohydrates in symptom onset is well studied in adult patients with IBS; however, less research exists in the pediatric population. This review sought to explore evidence for the role of dietary fermentable carbohydrate elimination to reduce GI symptoms (abdominal pain, stool changes, abdominal bloating) in children and adolescents (4-19 years of age) diagnosed with IBS based on Rome III or IV criteria. Five studies of neutral to positive quality rating were identified and analyzed using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence Analysis Process. These studies demonstrate that dietary elimination of fermentable carbohydrates, such as through a low-FODMAP diet, reduces the severity of 1 or more GI symptoms in about one-quarter to one-half of pediatric patients with IBS. Patients without improvement are considered "nonresponders" and may require an alternative intervention. More research is needed to establish the best way to identify patients who would respond to elimination diets vs other IBS treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Fisher
- Department of Clinical and Preventive Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Deborah Hutcheon
- Department of Clinical and Preventive Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jane Ziegler
- Department of Clinical and Preventive Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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Maltz RM, Keirsey J, Kim SC, Mackos AR, Gharaibeh RZ, Moore CC, Xu J, Somogyi A, Bailey MT. Social Stress Affects Colonic Inflammation, the Gut Microbiome, and Short-chain Fatty Acid Levels and Receptors. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2019; 68:533-540. [PMID: 30540706 PMCID: PMC6428608 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gastrointestinal disorders, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), involve disrupted homeostatic interactions between the microbiota and the host. Both disorders are worsened during stress, and in laboratory mice, stress exposure has been shown to change the composition of the gut microbiome. Stress-induced changes to the microbiome exacerbate intestinal inflammation and alter intestinal motility in mice. It is, however, not yet known whether microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (butyrate, propionate, and acetate) and their receptors contribute to this effect. METHODS Mice were exposed to a social disruption stress, or left undisturbed as a control. After the first stress exposure, mice were orally challenged with Citrobacter rodentium or with vehicle. The levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. SCFA receptors were measured via real-time polymerase chain reaction. Microbial community composition was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS Stress exposure reduced colonic SCFA levels. Stress exposure and C rodentium, however, significantly increased SCFA levels and changed the expression of SCFA receptors. The levels of SCFAs did not correlate with the severity of colonic inflammation, but the colonic expression of the SCFA receptor GPR41 was positively associated with inflammatory cytokines and colonic histopathology scores. The relative abundances of several taxa of colonic bacteria were significantly changed by stress exposure, including SCFA producers. CONCLUSIONS Social stress can have a significant effect on infection-induced colonic inflammation, and stress-induced changes in microbial-produced metabolites and their receptors may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross M. Maltz
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jeremy Keirsey
- Campus Chemical Instrumentation Center Mass Spec and Proteomics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sandra C. Kim
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Amy R. Mackos
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Raad Z. Gharaibeh
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
- Bioinformatics Services Division, Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Cathy C. Moore
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Jinyu Xu
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Arpad Somogyi
- Campus Chemical Instrumentation Center Mass Spec and Proteomics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Michael T. Bailey
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
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Karunanayake A, Rajindrajith S, de Silva HA, Gunawardena S, Devanarayana NM. Autonomic functions and gastric motility in children with functional abdominal pain disorders. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:95-106. [PMID: 30643361 PMCID: PMC6328964 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i1.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal pain-predominant functional gastrointestinal disorders (AP-FGIDs) are the most common cause of recurrent abdominal pain in children. Despite its high prevalence, the underlying pathophysiology of this condition is poorly understood. AIM To assess the role of gastric dysmotility and autonomic nervous system dysfunction in the pathophysiology of AP-FGIDs. METHODS One hundred children, fulfilling Rome III criteria for AP-FGIDs, and 50 healthy controls, aged 5 to 12 years, were recruited after obtaining parental consent. All patients were investigated for underlying organic disorders. Gastric motility and cardiovascular autonomic functions were assessed using validated non-invasive techniques. RESULTS The main gastric motility parameters assessed (gastric emptying rate [45.7 vs 59.6 in controls], amplitude [48.7 vs 58.2], frequency of antral contractions [8.3 vs 9.4], and antral motility index [4.1 vs 6.4]) were significantly lower in children with AP-FGIDs (P < 0.05). The post-prandial antral dilatation at 1 min after the test meal significantly correlated with the severity of abdominal pain (P < 0.05). Assessment of autonomic functions in AP-FGID patients showed neither a significant difference compared to the control group, nor a correlation with gastric motility abnormalities (P > 0.05). The duration of pain episodes negatively correlated with the parasympathetic tone (maladaptive parasympathetic tone) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Children with AP-FGIDs have abnormal gastric motility but normal cardiovascular autonomic functions. There is no relationship between abnormal gastric motility and autonomic functions. The pathogenesis of AP-FGIDs is not related to cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaranath Karunanayake
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Karapitiya, Galle 80000, Sri Lanka
| | - Shaman Rajindrajith
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama 11010, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Sampath Gunawardena
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Karapitiya, Galle 80000, Sri Lanka
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Peralta-Palmezano JJ, Guerrero-Lozano R. Prevalence of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in School Children and Adolescents. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2019; 73:207-212. [DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2019.73.4.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Llanos-Chea A, Fasano A. Gluten and Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders in Children. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101491. [PMID: 30322070 PMCID: PMC6212938 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In children, functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are common at all ages. Consumption of certain foods, particularly gluten, is frequently associated with the development and persistence of FGIDs and functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) in adults and children. However, this association is not well defined. Even without a diagnosis of celiac disease (CD), some people avoid gluten or wheat in their diet since it has been shown to trigger mostly gastrointestinal symptoms in certain individuals, especially in children. The incidence of conditions such as non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is increasing, particularly in children. On the other hand, CD is a chronic, autoimmune small intestinal enteropathy with symptoms that can sometimes be mimicked by FAPD. It is still unclear if pediatric patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are more likely to have CD. Abdominal, pain-associated FGID in children with CD does not seem to improve on a gluten-free diet. The threshold for gluten tolerance in patients with NCGS is unknown and varies among subjects. Thus, it is challenging to clearly distinguish between gluten exclusion and improvement of symptoms related solely to functional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Llanos-Chea
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16th Street (M/S 114-3503), Charlestown, Boston, MA 33131, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 33131, USA.
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16th Street (M/S 114-3503), Charlestown, Boston, MA 33131, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 33131, USA.
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Recurrent Abdominal Pain in Children: Summary Evidence From 3 Systematic Reviews of Treatment Effectiveness. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2018; 67:23-33. [PMID: 29470291 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Between 4% and 25% of school-aged children complain of recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) severe enough to interfere with their daily activities. METHODS We carried out a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in eleven databases and 2 trials registries from inception to June 2016. An update search was run in November 2017. All screening was performed by 2 independent reviewers. Included studies were appraised using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the evidence assessed using GRADE. We included any dietary, pharmacological or psychosocial intervention for RAP, defined by Apley or an abdominal pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorder, as defined by the Rome III criteria, in children and adolescents. RESULTS We included 55 RCTs, involving 3572 children with RAP (21 dietary, 15 pharmacological, 19 psychosocial, and 1 multiarm). We found probiotic diets, cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and hypnotherapy were reported to reduce pain in the short-term and there is some evidence of medium term effectiveness. There was insufficient evidence of effectiveness for all other dietary interventions and psychosocial therapies. There was no robust evidence of effectiveness for pharmacological interventions. CONCLUSIONS Overall the evidence base for treatment decisions is poor. These data suggest that probiotics, CBT, and hypnotherapy could be considered as part of holistic management of children with RAP. The evidence regarding relative effectiveness of different strains of probiotics is currently insufficient to guide clinical practice. The lack of evidence of effectiveness for any drug suggests that there is little justification for their use outside of well-conducted clinical trials. There is an urgent need for high-quality RCTs to provide evidence to guide management of this common condition.
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Devanarayana NM, Rajindrajith S. Irritable bowel syndrome in children: Current knowledge, challenges and opportunities. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:2211-2235. [PMID: 29881232 PMCID: PMC5989237 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i21.2211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common and troublesome disorder in children with an increasing prevalence noted during the past two decades. It has a significant effect on the lives of affected children and their families and poses a significant burden on healthcare systems. Standard symptom-based criteria for diagnosis of pediatric IBS have changed several times during the past two decades and there are some differences in interpreting symptoms between different cultures. This has posed a problem when using them to diagnose IBS in clinical practice. A number of potential patho-physiological mechanisms have been described, but so far the exact underlying etiology of IBS is unclear. A few potential therapeutic modalities have been tested in children and only a small number of them have shown some benefit. In addition, most of the described patho-physiological mechanisms and treatment options are based on adult studies. These have surfaced as challenges when dealing with pediatric IBS and they need to be overcome for effective management of children with IBS. Recently suggested top-down and bottom-up models help integrating reported patho-physiological mechanisms and will provide an opportunity for better understanding of the diseases process. Treatment trials targeting single treatment modalities are unlikely to have clinically meaningful therapeutic effects on IBS with multiple integrating patho-physiologies. Trials focusing on multiple combined pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies are likely to yield more benefit. In addition to treatment, in the future, attention should be paid for possible prevention strategies for IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaman Rajindrajith
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama 11010, Sri Lanka
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Scarpato E, Kolacek S, Jojkic-Pavkov D, Konjik V, Živković N, Roman E, Kostovski A, Zdraveska N, Altamimi E, Papadopoulou A, Karagiozoglou-Lampoudi T, Shamir R, Bar Lev MR, Koleilat A, Mneimneh S, Bruzzese D, Leis R, Staiano A. Prevalence of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children and Adolescents in the Mediterranean Region of Europe. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 16:870-876. [PMID: 29129667 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Little is known about the prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in children from the Mediterranean area of Europe. We aimed to assess the prevalence of FGIDs in children and adolescents in this region. METHODS We collected data on 13,750 children (4-18 years old) enrolled in the Mediterranean-European Area Project, a school-based health study performed in Croatia, Greece, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Lebanon, Macedonia, Serbia, and Spain. Data were collected from March to June and in September of 2016. We analyzed data from 6602 students 4 to 10 years old (group A; mean age, 7.7 ± 1.9 y), and 7148 subjects 11 to 18 years old (group B; mean age, 13.8 ± 2.1 y). Children with FGIDs were identified based on answers to questionnaires on pediatric gastrointestinal symptoms, selected based on Rome III criteria. RESULTS In group A, the prevalence of FGIDs was 20.7%. The most frequent disorders were functional constipation (11.7%), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS, 4%), aerophagia (3.5%), and abdominal migraine (3.1%). The prevalence of abdominal migraine was significantly higher in girls than in boys (P = .007). In group B, the overall prevalence of FGIDs was 26.6%. The most frequent disorders were functional constipation (13.1%), abdominal migraine (7.8%), aerophagia (6.3%), and IBS (5.6%). In group B, FGIDs had a higher prevalence among girls than boys (P < .001). In both groups, we found significant differences in the prevalence of specific disorders among specific countries. CONCLUSIONS In an analysis of data on children 4 to 18 years old from the Mediterranean-European Area Project, we found FGIDs to be more frequent in girls. Functional constipation, aerophagia, abdominal migraine, and IBS are the most common disorders. However, the prevalence of FGIDs varies significantly among countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Scarpato
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Sanja Kolacek
- Referral Centre for Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, "University Children's Hospital," Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danijela Jojkic-Pavkov
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute for Child and Youth Health Care of Vojvodina, Medical Faculty Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Vlatka Konjik
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, University Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nataša Živković
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute for Child and Youth Health Care of Vojvodina, Medical Faculty Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Enriqueta Roman
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aco Kostovski
- University Children Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Skopje, Macedonia
| | | | - Eyad Altamimi
- Pediatric Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Alexandra Papadopoulou
- First Department of Paediatrics, University of Athens, Athens Children's Hospital "Agia Sophia," Athens, Greece
| | - Thomai Karagiozoglou-Lampoudi
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, School of Food Technology and Nutrition, Technological Education Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Raanan Shamir
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, "Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel," Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Michal Rozenfeld Bar Lev
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, "Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel," Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Aziz Koleilat
- Makassed University General Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Dario Bruzzese
- Department of Public Health, University "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaura Leis
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Hospital Clìnico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Annamaria Staiano
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University "Federico II," Naples, Italy.
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Mani J, Madani S. Pediatric abdominal migraine: current perspectives on a lesser known entity. PEDIATRIC HEALTH MEDICINE AND THERAPEUTICS 2018; 9:47-58. [PMID: 29733088 PMCID: PMC5923275 DOI: 10.2147/phmt.s127210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Abdominal migraine (AM) is a common cause of chronic and recurrent abdominal pain in children. It is characterized by paroxysms of moderate to severe abdominal pain that is midline, periumbilical, or diffuse in location and accompanied by other symptoms including headache, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, or pallor. Despite the presence of comprehensive diagnostic criteria under Rome IV classification of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) and International Classification of Headache Disorders, it continues to be an underdiagnosed entity. Overview The average age of diagnosis is 3–10 years with peak incidence at 7 years. Most of the patients have a personal or family history of migraine. Pathophysiology of the condition is believed to be similar to that of other FGIDs and cephalic migraine. It is also well recognized as a type of pediatric migraine variant. A careful history, thorough physical examination, and use of well-defined, symptom-based guidelines are needed to make a diagnosis. Selective or no testing is required to support a positive diagnosis. It resolves completely in most of the patients. However, these patients have a strong propensity to develop migraine later in life. Explanation and reassurance should be the first step once the diagnosis is made. Nonpharmacologic treatment options including avoidance of triggers, behavior therapy, and dietary modifications should be the initial line of management. Drug therapy should be considered only if symptoms are refractory to these primary interventions. Conclusion More research focused on pathophysiology and management of AM needs to be carried out to improve outcomes in affected children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Mani
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Shailender Madani
- Pediatric Gastroenterologist, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
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