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Balali A, Fathzadeh K, Askari G, Sadeghi O. Dietary intake of tomato and lycopene, blood levels of lycopene, and risk of total and specific cancers in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Front Nutr 2025; 12:1516048. [PMID: 40013157 PMCID: PMC11860085 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1516048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2025] [Indexed: 02/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Background The association between tomato/lycopene intake and blood levels of lycopene with the risk of specific cancers were assessed in previous meta-analyses; however, no study evaluated the risk of overall cancer incidence/mortality. Therefore, the present systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis aimed to summarize available findings from prospective studies to examine the association between tomato/lycopene intake and lycopene levels with the risk of total and specific cancers and cancer-related mortality. Methods A comprehensive literature search was done using Scopus, PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar until July 2023. Results In total, 121 prospective studies were included in the systematic review and 119 in the meta-analysis. During the follow-up period of 2-32 years, a total of 108,574 cancer cases and 10,375 deaths occurred. High intakes and high levels of lycopene compared to low amounts were, respectively, associated with 5% (Pooled RR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98, I2 = 26.4%, p = 0.002) and 11% (Pooled RR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.84-0.95, I2 = 15.0%, p < 0.001) reduction in overall cancer risk. Also, each 10 μg/dL increase in blood levels of lycopene was associated with a 5% lower risk of overall cancer. Moreover, we found a linear inverse association between dietary lycopene intake and prostate cancer risk (Pooled RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.97-1.00, I2 = 0, p = 0.045). Regarding cancer mortality, negative relationships were found with total tomato intake (Pooled RR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.85-0.93, I2 = 65.7%, p < 0.001), lycopene intake (Pooled RR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.81-0.86, I2 = 86.5%, p < 0.001) and lycopene levels (Pooled RR 0.76, 95% CI: 0.60-0.98, I2 = 70.9%, p = 0.031). Also, an inverse association was observed between blood lycopene levels and lung cancer mortality (Pooled RR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.45-0.94, I2 = 0, p = 0.022). Conclusion Our findings show that dietary intake and blood levels of lycopene are associated with a lower risk of cancer and death due to cancer. Clinical trial registration CRD42023432400.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghavan Balali
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kimia Fathzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Omid Sadeghi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Han W, Zhang W, Ren X. Not all carotenoids can reduce the risk of gastric cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:51. [PMID: 38287248 PMCID: PMC10823639 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is characterized by high invasiveness, heterogeneity, and late diagnosis, leading to high incidence and mortality rates. It is a significant public health concern globally. Early prevention is crucial in reducing the occurrence of gastric cancer, and dietary prevention, particularly focusing on carotenoids, has been considered a convenient and effective approach. However, the association between carotenoid intake and gastric cancer incidence remains controversial. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Ovid Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases from inception to January 5, 2023. Two reviewers independently screened search results, extracted relevant data, and evaluated study quality. Statistical analysis was performed using the "metan" command in STATA 16 software. Random-effects or fixed-effects models were chosen based on the magnitude of heterogeneity among studies. RESULTS This study included a total of 35 publications, consisting of 23 case-control studies and 12 cohort studies. Meta-analysis of case-control studies showed that alpha-carotene (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.55-0.92), beta-carotene (OR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.53-0.72), and lutein (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.69-0.97) significantly reduced the risk of gastric cancer, while beta-cryptoxanthin (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.75-1.04) and lycopene (OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.73-1.00) showed no significant correlation. Meta-analysis of cohort studies indicated no significant associations between any of the five carotenoids and gastric cancer incidence (alpha-carotene: RR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.54-1.23; beta-carotene: RR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.64-1.16; beta-cryptoxanthin: RR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.64-1.16; lutein: RR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.69-1.29; lycopene: RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.69-1.14). CONCLUSIONS The relationship between carotenoids and gastric cancer incidence may vary depending on the type of study conducted. Considering that evidence from cohort studies is generally considered stronger than evidence from case-control studies, and high-quality randomized controlled trials show no significant association between carotenoids and gastric cancer incidence, current evidence does not support the supplementation of carotenoids for gastric cancer prevention. Further targeted research is needed to explore the association between the two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Han
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xuan Ren
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
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Ojobor CC, O'Brien GM, Siervo M, Ogbonnaya C, Brandt K. Carrot intake is consistently negatively associated with cancer incidence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 65:1009-1021. [PMID: 38104588 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2287176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Carrots are main dietary sources of several potential anti-cancer compounds, including polyacetylenes, while β-carotene has shown no benefits in controlled cancer trials. Accordingly, associations between carrot intake and cancer incidence were quantified, where necessary using α-carotene as a non-causal biomarker of carrot consumption, by searching for studies published before June 2022 reporting risk estimates for relationships of cancer incidence with carrot intake or α-carotene intake or α-carotene plasma concentration, supplemented with hand searches of included studies and reviews. Meta-analyses comparing highest and lowest reported intakes in prospective studies using a random-effects model estimated summary relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), separately for carrot intake or α-carotene plasma concentration, and the corresponding dose-responses. Of 198 observational studies, in 50 prospective studies with 52000 cases recording carrot intake, the cancer-risk was substantially reduced (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.87-0.94, p ˂ 0·00004). In 30 prospective studies with 9331 cases reporting plasma α-carotene levels, summary RR was 0.80 (0.72-0.89, p ˂ 0·00006). For both exposure types, inter-study heterogeneity was moderate, interaction with cancer types insignificant, and the dose-response significant (p ˂ 0·01). In conclusion, carrot consumption is robustly associated with decreased cancer-risk; carrot consumption should be encouraged, and the causal mechanisms further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles C Ojobor
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gerard M O'Brien
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mario Siervo
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, UK
| | - Chibueze Ogbonnaya
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kirsten Brandt
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Deng D, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Yi J, Dong J, Sha L, Yan M. Circulating Proteins and Metabolite Biomarkers in Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Arch Med Res 2023; 54:124-134. [PMID: 36759293 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and thus patients have a poor prognosis. This implies that early detection of this cancer will improve patient prognosis and survival. This systematic review explored the association of circulating protein and metabolite biomarkers with GC development. METHODS A literature search was conducted until November 2021 on Medline, Embase, Cochrane library, and Web of Science databases. Studies were included if they assessed circulating proteins and metabolites in blood, urine, or saliva and determined their association with GC risk. Quality of identified studies was determined using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cohort studies. Random and fixed effects meta-analyses were performed to calculate pooled odds ratio. RESULTS A total of 53 studies were included. High levels of anti-Helicobacter pylORi IgG levels, pepsinogen I (PGI) <30 µg/L and serum pepsinogen I/ pepsinogen II (PGI/II) ratio<3 were positively associated with risk of developing GC (pooled odds ratio (OR): 2.70; 95% CI: 1.44-5.04, 5.96, 95% CI: 2.65-13.42 and 4.43; 95% CI: 3.04-6.47). In addition, an inverse relationship was found between ferritin, iron and transferrin levels and risk of developing GC (OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.38-1,0.97; 95% CI: 0.94-1 and 0.85; 95% CI: 0.76-0.94). However, there was no association between levels of glucose, cholesterol, vitamin C, vitamin B12, vitamin A, α-Carotene, β-Carotene, α-Tocopherol, γ-Tocopherol, and GC risk. CONCLUSION The pooled analysis demonstrated that high levels of anti-Helicobacter pylORi IgG, PGI<30µg/L and serum PGI/II ratio <3 and low levels of ferritin, iron and transferrin were associated with risk of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Deng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Rongzhi Zhang
- Department of Nursing, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Department of Nursing, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jianli Dong
- Department of Nursing, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liyan Sha
- Department of Nursing, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Meiqin Yan
- Department of Science and Education, Children's Hospital of Shanxi and Women Health Center of Shanxi, China
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Mitra S, Emran TB, Chandran D, Zidan BMRM, Das R, Mamada SS, Masyita A, Salampe M, Nainu F, Khandaker MU, Idris AM, Simal-Gandara J. Cruciferous vegetables as a treasure of functional foods bioactive compounds: Targeting p53 family in gastrointestinal tract and associated cancers. Front Nutr 2022; 9:951935. [PMID: 35990357 PMCID: PMC9386315 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.951935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, phytochemicals from natural products have gotten the boundless praise in treating cancer. The promising role of cruciferous vegetables and active components contained in these vegetables, such as isothiocyanates, indole-3-carbinol, and isothiocyanates, has been widely researched in experimental in vitro and in vivo carcinogenesis models. The chemopreventive agents produced from the cruciferous vegetables were recurrently proven to affect carcinogenesis throughout the onset and developmental phases of cancer formation. Likewise, findings from clinical investigations and epidemiological research supported this statement. The anticancer activities of these functional foods bioactive compounds are closely related to their ability to upregulate p53 and its related target genes, e.g., p21. As the “guardian of the genome,” the p53 family (p53, p63, and p73) plays a pivotal role in preventing the cancer progression associated with DNA damage. This review discusses the functional foods bioactive compounds derived from several cruciferous vegetables and their use in altering the tumor-suppressive effect of p53 proteins. The association between the mutation of p53 and the incidence of gastrointestinal malignancies (gastric, small intestine, colon, liver, and pancreatic cancers) is also discussed. This review contains crucial information about the use of cruciferous vegetables in the treatment of gastrointestinal tract malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Deepak Chandran
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Rajib Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Ayu Masyita
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | | | - Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abubakr M Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
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Liu SJ, Huang PD, Xu JM, Li Q, Xie JH, Wu WZ, Wang CT, Yang XB. Diet and gastric cancer risk: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:1855-1868. [PMID: 35695929 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses evaluated the associations between dietary factors and the incidence of gastric cancer (GC). OBJECTIVES To evaluate the strength and validity of existing evidence, we conducted an umbrella review of published systematic reviews and meta-analyses that investigated the association between diets and GC incidence. METHODS We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for systematic reviews and meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies investigating the association between dietary factors and GC risk. For each association, we recalculated the adjusted summary estimates with their 95% confidence interval (CI) and 95% prediction interval (PI) using a random-effects model. We used the I2 statistic and Egger's test to assess heterogeneity and small-study effects, respectively. We also assessed the methodological quality of each study and the quality of evidence. RESULTS Finally, we identified 16 meta-analyses that described 57 associations in this umbrella review. Of the 57 associations, eight were statistically significant using random-effects, thirteen demonstrated substantial heterogeneity between studies (I2 > 50%), and three found small-study effects. The methodological quality of meta-analyses was classified as critically low for two (13%), low for thirteen (81%), and only one (6%) was rated as high confidence. Quality of evidence was rated high for a positive association for GC incidence with a higher intake of total alcohol (RR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.06-1.34) and moderate-quality evidence to support that increased processed meat consumption can increase GC incidence. Three associations (total fruit, vitamin E, and carotenoids) were determined to be supported by low-quality evidence, and two (pickled vegetables/foods and citrus fruit) were supported by very low-quality. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the dietary recommendations for preventative GC, emphasizing lower intake of alcohol and foods preserved by salting. New evidence suggests a possible role for total fruit, citrus fruit, carotenoids, and vitamin E. More research is needed on diets with lower quality evidence. REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021255115.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jun Liu
- School of Second Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pi-Di Huang
- School of Second Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Min Xu
- School of Second Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 36, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 36, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Zhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 36, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen-Tong Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 36, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Beta-carotene exerted anti-proliferative and apoptotic effect on malignant mesothelioma cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:407-415. [PMID: 35106627 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
High blood levels of β-carotene and increased intake in the diets are inversely proportional to incidence of many cancer types. Antioxidant activity of β-carotene was proposed to be related with its antitumor effect. Despite this plant derivative substance being sought in many cancer types, the effectiveness of β-carotene against malignant mesothelioma remained unclear. Therefore, the present study aims to explore the impact of β-carotene on cell viability, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in mesothelioma cells. Human mesothelioma cell SPC212 were treated with β-carotene (3.125-200 μM) for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. Cytotoxicity was measured with the MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide). Annexin-V/propidium iodide (PI) and caspase 3/7 biomarkers were used to identify apoptotic cells. Finally, the oxidative stress was evaluated with flow cytometry. The results of the measurements indicated a significant decline in viable mesothelioma cancer cell numbers upon β-carotene treatment in time- and concentration-dependent manner when compared to control cells. Furthermore, β-carotene treatment led to apoptosis induction according to both annexin V/PI and caspase 3/7 assays. Furthermore, β-carotene increased oxidative stress in SPC212 cells. These results show how β-carotene affects proliferative, apoptotic, and oxidative properties in SPC212 malignant pleural mesothelioma cells and provide useful insights into future studies.
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Chen QH, Wu BK, Pan D, Sang LX, Chang B. Beta-carotene and its protective effect on gastric cancer. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:6591-6607. [PMID: 34447808 PMCID: PMC8362528 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i23.6591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta-carotene is an important natural pigment that is very beneficial to human health. It is widely found in vegetables and fruits. The three main functions are antioxidant effects, cell gap junction-related functions and immune-related functions. Because of its diverse functions, beta-carotene is believed to prevent and treat many chronic diseases. Gastric cancer is one of the most important diseases it can treat. Gastric cancer is a type of cancer with a high incidence. Its etiology varies, and the pathogenesis is complex. Gastric cancer seriously affects human health. The role of beta-carotene, a natural nutrient, in gastric cancer has been explored by many researchers, including molecular mechanisms and epidemiological studies. Molecular studies have mainly focused on oxidative stress, cell cycle, signal transduction pathways and immune-related mechanisms of beta-carotene in gastric cancer. Many epidemiological surveys and cohort studies of patients with gastric cancer have been conducted, and the results of these epidemiological studies vary due to the use of different research methods and analysis of different regions. This paper will summarize the results of these studies, mainly in terms of molecular mechanisms and epidemiological research results, which will provide a systematic basis for future studies of the treatment and prognosis of gastric cancer. This paper will help researchers identify new research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Hui Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bao-Kang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dan Pan
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Li-Xuan Sang
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bing Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
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Goulart da Silva G, de Oliveira Braga LE, Souza de Oliveira EC, Valério Tinti S, de Carvalho JE, Goldoni Lazarini J, Rosalen PL, Dionísio AP, Tasca Gois Ruiz AL. Cashew apple byproduct: Gastroprotective effects of standardized extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 269:113744. [PMID: 33359862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The incidence of gastric mucosa lesions in the adult population has increased mainly due to the continued use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is a tropical tree, cultivated in several countries, whose barks, leaves and pseudofruit (cashew apple) are popularly used in traditional medicine for the treatment of many diseases, including gastric ulcer. AIM Our study evaluated the potential gastroprotective effect of the carotenoid and anacardic acids-enriched aqueous extract (CAE), prepared from cashew apple pomace, in the dose-repeated acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)-induced gastric lesions model in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS After randomly distribution into five group (G1 - G5, n = 8 animals/group), male Wistar rats were daily treated with ASA solution (200 mg/kg, 5 ml/kg, G2 - G5) or potable water (Satellite group, G1) during 14 days. From 8th to 14th experimental day, rats in G3 - G5 groups were orally treated with CAE (50, 100 and 500 mg/kg, 5 ml/kg, respectively). Body weight was measured on 0, 7th and 14th day. On the 14th experimental day, all surviving animals were euthanized for macroscopic evaluation of the inner organs and stomach removal. After weighting, each stomach was properly prepared for biochemical analysis [myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), reduced glutathione analysis (GSH), IL-1β, CXCL2/MIP-2, TNF-α and IL-10 levels]. RESULTS At the most efficient dose (100 mg/kg, p.o.), CAE-treated animals showed a slight improvement in the macroscopic aspect of gastric mucosa associated with significant (p < 0.05) reduced levels of IL-1β, CXCL2/MIP-2, and MPO activity besides increased levels of GSH (partially), and IL-10 in stomach tissues. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the carotenoid and anacardic acids-enriched extract obtained from cashew apple pomace is a promising raw material for the development of herbal medicine and/or functional food supplements for the adjuvant treatment of NSAIDs-induced gastric ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Goulart da Silva
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center, University of Campinas, CPQBA/UNICAMP, 13148-218, Paulínia, SP, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, FOP/UNICAMP, 13414-903, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lucia Elaine de Oliveira Braga
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center, University of Campinas, CPQBA/UNICAMP, 13148-218, Paulínia, SP, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, FOP/UNICAMP, 13414-903, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ellen Cristina Souza de Oliveira
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center, University of Campinas, CPQBA/UNICAMP, 13148-218, Paulínia, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sirlene Valério Tinti
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center, University of Campinas, CPQBA/UNICAMP, 13148-218, Paulínia, SP, Brazil.
| | - João Ernesto de Carvalho
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, FCF/UNICAMP, 13083-871, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Josy Goldoni Lazarini
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, FOP/UNICAMP, 13414-903, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Luiz Rosalen
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, FOP/UNICAMP, 13414-903, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil; Biological Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Ana Lucia Tasca Gois Ruiz
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, FCF/UNICAMP, 13083-871, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Honda M, Murakami K, Osawa Y, Kawashima Y, Hirasawa K, Kuroda I. Z-Isomers of Astaxanthin Exhibit Greater Bioavailability and Tissue Accumulation Efficiency than the All- E-Isomer. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:3489-3495. [PMID: 33689342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to clarify the differences in the bioavailability and tissue accumulation efficiency between (all-E)- and (Z)-astaxanthin. Astaxanthin with a high proportion of the Z-isomer (especially rich in the 9Z- and 13Z-isomers) was prepared from (all-E)-astaxanthin by thermal treatment and solid-liquid separation. The all-E-isomer- or Z-isomer-rich diet was fed to male rats for 2 weeks. After the feeding period, blood and tissue samples were collected, and their astaxanthin levels were evaluated. The Z-isomer-rich astaxanthin diet resulted in higher levels of astaxanthin in blood and many tissues (in particular, skin, lung, prostate, and eye) compared to the all-E-isomer-rich diet. Moreover, the Z-isomer-rich diet enhanced the level of the 13Z-isomer in blood and tissues rather than that of the 9Z-isomer. These results strongly supported that astaxanthin Z-isomers have greater bioavailability and tissue accumulation efficiency than the all-E-isomer. Moreover, (13Z)-astaxanthin would have higher bioavailability and tissue accumulation than the other isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Honda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science & Technology, Meijo University, Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuya Murakami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science & Technology, Meijo University, Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
- Department of Materials Process Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yukiko Osawa
- Biotechnology R&D Group, ENEOS Corporation, Chidoricho, Naka-ku, Yokohama 231-0815, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawashima
- Biotechnology R&D Group, ENEOS Corporation, Chidoricho, Naka-ku, Yokohama 231-0815, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Hirasawa
- Biotechnology R&D Group, ENEOS Corporation, Chidoricho, Naka-ku, Yokohama 231-0815, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kuroda
- Biotechnology R&D Group, ENEOS Corporation, Chidoricho, Naka-ku, Yokohama 231-0815, Japan
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11
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Pan Q, Shen M, Yu T, Yang X, Li Q, Zhao B, Zou J, Zhang M. Liquid chromatography as candidate reference method for the determination of vitamins A and E in human serum. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23528. [PMID: 33090556 PMCID: PMC7755822 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owing to the increasing interest in public health research of antioxidant micronutrients and the inaccuracy of routine serum concentrations of the fat-soluble vitamins A (retinol) and E (DL-α-tocopherol) measurements, we developed a reliable, highly sensitive, robust and rapid method for the quantification of two clinically important lipophilic antioxidants in serum using a reverse-phase HPLC/DAD method. METHOD Sample preparation and analytical conditions that would affect extraction efficiency and quantitative results of vitamins A and E were investigated and optimized. Vitamins A and E were extracted from serum via liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). After adequate sample preparation, the samples were injected directly into the HPLC system with diode-array detector (DAD). Chromatographic separation was completed in 7 minutes for vitamins A and E. With vitamin A acetate and vitamin E acetate as internal standards, the method was applied to the measurement of vitamins A and E in human serum. RESULTS We evaluated method linearity, accuracy (recovery rate and trueness), precision, carryover, limit of quantitation and limit of detection, and measurement uncertainty. The method was evaluated for trueness using NIST Standard Reference Material SRM 968f. The serum concentration of the studied compounds had a good linear relationship in the range of 0.05 ~ 3.0 μg/mL concentration (r ＝ 0.9998), with 0.0077 μg/mL detection limit and 0.025 μg/mL quantitative limit for vitamin A, respectively, and 1.0 ~ 60.0 μg/mL concentration (r ＝ 0.9999), with 0.40 μg/mL detection limit and 0.50 μg/mL quantitative limit for vitamin E, respectively. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were calculated by using three concentrations (1, 2, and 3) of the studied compounds in human serum samples. Intra-assay and inter-assay precision were 1.23%-4.97% and 0.97%-3.79% for vitamin A, respectively, and 0.64%-4.07% and 0.81%-5.96% for vitamin E, respectively. The average recovery rates were 100.98% for vitamin A, and 99.21% for vitamin E, respectively. The carryover rate of vitamins A and E was below 1%. As for the evaluation of accuracy, the biases were <± 5% by comparing with NIST standard reference material SRM 968f. CONCLUSION The method is a simple sample treatment procedure for the determination of fat-soluble vitamins A and E in human serum with high sensitivity and specificity. The proposed method could be recommended as a candidate reference method for the determination of serum concentrations of the fat-soluble vitamins A and E in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Pan
- Reference LaboratoryMedicalSystem Biotechnology Co., Ltd. NingboNingboChina
| | - Min Shen
- Reference LaboratoryMedicalSystem Biotechnology Co., Ltd. NingboNingboChina
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryBeijing Shijitan HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Ting Yu
- Division of In Vitro Diagnostics for Non‐infectious diseasesNational Institutes for Food and Drug ControlBeijingChina
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Reference LaboratoryMedicalSystem Biotechnology Co., Ltd. NingboNingboChina
| | - Quanle Li
- Reference LaboratoryMedicalSystem Biotechnology Co., Ltd. NingboNingboChina
| | - Beibei Zhao
- Independent Clinical LaboratoryGuangzhou Kingmed Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd.GuangzhouChina
| | - Jihua Zou
- Reference LaboratoryMedicalSystem Biotechnology Co., Ltd. NingboNingboChina
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryBeijing Shijitan HospitalBeijingChina
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12
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Mao QQ, Xu XY, Shang A, Gan RY, Wu DT, Atanasov AG, Li HB. Phytochemicals for the Prevention and Treatment of Gastric Cancer: Effects and Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:570. [PMID: 31963129 PMCID: PMC7014214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer, and the third most prevalent cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Voluminous evidence has demonstrated that phytochemicals play a critical role in the prevention and management of gastric cancer. Most epidemiological investigations indicate that the increased intake of phytochemicals could reduce the risk of gastric cancer. Experimental studies have elucidated the mechanisms of action, including inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy, and suppressing angiogenesis as well as cancer cell metastasis. These mechanisms have also been related to the inhibition of Helicobacter pylori and the modulation of gut microbiota. In addition, the intake of phytochemicals could enhance the efficacy of anticancer chemotherapeutics. Moreover, clinical studies have illustrated that phytochemicals have the potential for the prevention and the management of gastric cancer in humans. To provide an updated understanding of relationships between phytochemicals and gastric cancer, this review summarizes the effects of phytochemicals on gastric cancer, highlighting the underlying mechanisms. This review could be helpful for guiding the public in preventing gastric cancer through phytochemicals, as well as in developing functional food and drugs for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Mao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Q.-Q.M.); (X.-Y.X.); (A.S.)
| | - Xiao-Yu Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Q.-Q.M.); (X.-Y.X.); (A.S.)
| | - Ao Shang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Q.-Q.M.); (X.-Y.X.); (A.S.)
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ding-Tao Wu
- Institute of Food Processing and Safety, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China;
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland;
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Q.-Q.M.); (X.-Y.X.); (A.S.)
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13
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Thompson MD, Cooney RV. The Potential Physiological Role of γ-Tocopherol in Human Health: A Qualitative Review. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:808-825. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1653472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mika D. Thompson
- Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Robert V. Cooney
- Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Association of plasma retinol levels with incident cancer risk in Chinese hypertensive adults: a nested case-control study. Br J Nutr 2019; 122:293-300. [PMID: 31352906 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451900120x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the association between plasma retinol and incident cancer among Chinese hypertensive adults. We conducted a nested case-control study, including 231 patients with incident cancer and 231 matched controls during a median 4·5-year follow-up of the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial. There was a significant, inverse association between retinol levels and digestive system cancer (per 10 μg/dl increases: OR 0·79; 95 % CI 0·69, 0·91). When compared with participants in the first quartile of retinol (< 52·3 μg/dl), a significantly lower cancer risk was found in participants in quartile 2-4 ( ≥ 52·3 μg/dl: OR 0·31; 95 % CI 0·13, 0·71). However, there was a U-shaped association between retinol levels and non-digestive system cancers where the risk of cancers decreased (although not significantly) with each increment of plasma retinol (per 10 μg/dl increases: OR 0·89; 95 % CI 0·60, 1·31) in participants with retinol < 68·2 μg/dl, and then increased significantly with retinol (per 10 μg/dl increase: OR 1·65; 95 % CI 1·12, 2·44) in participants with retinol ≥ 68·2 μg/dl. In conclusion, there was a significant inverse dose-response association between plasma retinol and the risk of digestive system cancers. However, a U-shaped association was observed between plasma retinol and the risk of non-digestive cancers (with a turning point approximately 68·2 μg/dl).
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15
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Kim Y, Kim YJ, Lim Y, Oh B, Kim JY, Bouwman J, Kwon O. Combination of Diet Quality Score, Plasma Carotenoids, and Lipid Peroxidation to Monitor Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:8601028. [PMID: 30693066 PMCID: PMC6332925 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8601028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It is important to understand the association between oxidative stress-related parameters and to evaluate their status in advance of chronic disease development. Further development towards disease can then be prevented by dietary antioxidants. The present study was aimed at assessing the relationship between diet quality, blood antioxidants, and oxidative damage to determine whether the association between these markers differs by oxidative stress status. For a cross-sectional analysis, we used data and samples of baseline information from a prospective cohort study. A total of 1229 eligible adults were classified into apparently healthy subjects (66.5%) and those with oxidative stress conditions (35.5%). Diet quality was assessed using the recommended food score (RFS). Plasma carotenoids (blood antioxidants) and blood/urinary malondialdehyde (MDA; oxidative damage) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. We found that the healthy group was younger, and they had a lower RFS and plasma MDA level and higher plasma carotenoids compared to the oxidative stress condition group. This result is probably due to the quenching of the oxidative response in the tissues of those people. A positive association of RFS with plasma carotenoids (total and β-carotene) was found in both groups, suggesting that carotenoids are a robust reflection of diet quality. Negative associations were observed between plasma MDA and RFS in the oxidative stress condition group and between urinary MDA and plasma zeaxanthin in the healthy group. Erythrocyte MDA was positively associated with plasma carotenoids (total, lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, and α- and β-carotene), regardless of health condition, probably also as a result of the use of carotenoids as antioxidants. In conclusion, these results indicate that the above three factors may be associated with the oxidative stress response and depend on the oxidative status. Furthermore, it was also suggested that erythrocytes are important in the oxidative stress response and the quenching of this response is represented in plasma carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsoo Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You Jin Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeni Lim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjo Oh
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jildau Bouwman
- Microbiology and Systems Biology Group, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Oran Kwon
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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BACANLI M, BAŞARAN N, BAŞARAN AA. Lycopene: Is it Beneficial to Human Health as an Antioxidant? Turk J Pharm Sci 2017; 14:311-318. [PMID: 32454630 PMCID: PMC7227929 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.43043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that free oxygen radicals play an important role in the pathogenesis of several chronic disorders. Antioxidants are known as potential scavengers of reactive oxygen species that can protect biologic membranes against oxidative damage. Recent interest in phytochemicals has increased because of their protective effects against free oxygen radicals. Lycopene, which belongs to the carotenoid family, is the most effective singlet oxygen scavenger in vitro of all the carotenoids. Foods that contain lycopene and related supplements have been reported to prevent chronic diseases including cancer, asthma, and cardiovascular disorders. The aim of the article was to give a brief review of the antioxidant properties and beneficial health effects of lycopene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve BACANLI
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurşen BAŞARAN
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A. Ahmet BAŞARAN
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Ankara, Turkey
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Castellini C, Mattioli S, Piottoli L, Cartoni Mancinelli A, Ranucci D, Branciari R, Guarino Amato M, Dal Bosco A. Effect of transport length onin vivooxidative status and breast meat characteristics in outdoor-reared chicken genotypes. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2016.1174082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kim MJ, Kim H. Anticancer Effect of Lycopene in Gastric Carcinogenesis. J Cancer Prev 2015; 20:92-6. [PMID: 26151041 PMCID: PMC4492364 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2015.20.2.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer ranks as the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. Risk factors of gastric carcinogenesis include oxidative stress, DNA damage, Helicobacter pylori infection, bad eating habits, and smoking. Since oxidative stress is related to DNA damage, smoking, and H. pylori infection, scavenging of reactive oxygen species may be beneficial for prevention of gastric carcinogenesis. Lycopene, one of the naturally occurring carotenoids, has unique structural and chemical features that contributes to a potent antioxidant activity. It shows a potential anticancer activity and reduces gastric cancer incidence. This review will summarize anticancer effect and mechanism of lycopene on gastric carcinogenesis based on the recent experimental and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Athirajan V, Razak IA, Thurairajah N, Ghani WMN, Ching HNL, Yang YH, Peng KNL, Abdul Rahman ZA, Mustafa WMW, Abraham MT, Kiong TK, Mun YK, Jalil N, Zain RB. High serum level of retinol and α-tocopherol affords protection against oral cancer in a multiethnic population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:8183-9. [PMID: 25339003 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.19.8183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A comparative cross-sectional study involving oral cancer patients and healthy individuals was designed to investigate associations between retinol, α-tocopherol and β-carotene with the risk of oral cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included a total of 240 matched cases and controls where subjects were selected from the Malaysian Oral Cancer Database and Tissue Bank System (MOCDTBS). Retinol, α-tocopherol and β-carotene levels and intake were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) respectively. RESULTS It was found that results from the two methods applied did not correlate, so that further analysis was done using the HPLC method utilising blood serum. Serum levels of retinol and α-tocopherol among cases (0.177±0.081, 1.649±1.670μg/ml) were significantly lower than in controls (0.264±0.137, 3.225±2.054μg/ml) (p<0.005). Although serum level of β-carotene among cases (0.106±0.159 μg/ml) were lower compared to controls (0.134±0.131μg/ml), statistical significance was not observed. Logistic regression analysis showed that high serum level of retinol (OR=0.501, 95% CI=0.254-0.992, p<0.05) and α-tocopherol (OR=0.184, 95% CI=0.091-0.370, p<0.05) was significantly related to lower risk of oral cancer, whereas no relationship was observed between β-carotene and oral cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS High serum levels of retinol and α-tocopherol confer protection against oral cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimmitra Athirajan
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail :
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Zhou Y, Wang T, Meng Q, Zhai S. Association of carotenoids with risk of gastric cancer: A meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 2015; 35:109-116. [PMID: 25726725 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Prior studies on carotenoids and gastric cancer risk have generated inconsistent results. We performed a meta-analysis of observational studies to summarize the evidence regarding the relation of carotenoids and gastric cancer risk. METHODS A comprehensive search was performed to identify all observational studies providing quantitative estimates between gastric cancer risk and carotenoids. The fixed or random effect model was selected based on the homogeneity test among studies in the highest vs. lowest categorical analyses. RESULTS 13 published case-control studies with 14 results including 3919 cases and 7400 controls, and 8 cohort studies involving 1972 cases of gastric cancer and 96,691 participants, met the inclusion criteria. For case-control studies, only intake of β-carotene and α-carotene were significantly associated with a reduced gastric cancer risk. The summary OR(95%CI) for β-carotene, α-carotene, lycopene and lutein were 0.52(0.46-0.59), 0.59(0.37-0.92), 0.88(0.55-1.41) and 0.85(0.56-1.30) respectively. In contrast, the summary RR(95%CI) for β-carotene, α-carotene, lycopene and lutein were 0.72(0.50-1.03), 0.79(0.58-1.07), 0.80(0.60-1.07) and 0.95(0.77-1.18), respectively. CONCLUSION Although data from case-control studies suggested that β-carotene, α-carotene were inversely associated with risk of gastric cancer, there was no conclusive evidence on this association because of inconsistencies between case-control and cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunping Zhou
- Zibo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo 255016, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- Zibo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo 255016, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Qiang Meng
- Zibo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo 255016, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Shenyong Zhai
- Zibo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo 255016, Shandong Province, PR China.
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21
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Wu Y, Ye Y, Shi Y, Li P, Xu J, Chen K, Xu E, Yang J. Association between vitamin A, retinol intake and blood retinol level and gastric cancer risk: A meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 2014; 34:620-6. [PMID: 25008141 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The association between dietary vitamin A, retinol intake and blood retinol level and gastric cancer risk has been investigated by many studies. However, the results of these studies were controversial. The aim of our study was to systematically assess this issue. METHODS PUBMED and EMBASE were searched, supplemented with manual-screening for relevant publications. Meta-analyses were performed to evaluate the association between vitamin A, retinol dietary intake or blood retinol level and gastric cancer risk. RESULTS Thirty-one studies were included in this meta-analysis. Comparing the highest with the lowest categories, vitamin A intake significantly reduced gastric cancer risk (pooled RR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.52-0.84), whereas a marginally inverse association was found between retinol intake (pooled RR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.87-1.03) or blood retinol level (pooled RR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.73-1.05) and gastric cancer risk. Interestingly, the results of subgroup analysis indicated that high vitamin A intake and blood retinol level were associated with reduced gastric cancer risk in Western countries, while a marginally inverse association was found between retinol and gastric cancer risk in Western countries. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin A intake was inversely associated with gastric cancer risk, while no significant association was found with retinol intake or blood retinol level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Wu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yao Ye
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Peiwei Li
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinming Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Enping Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; Department of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, 16, Xuelin Str., Xiasha High Education Zone, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China.
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Shimazu T, Wakai K, Tamakoshi A, Tsuji I, Tanaka K, Matsuo K, Nagata C, Mizoue T, Inoue M, Tsugane S, Sasazuki S, Sasazuki S, Tsugane S, Inoue M, Iwasaki M, Otani T, Sawada N, Shimazu T, Yamaji T, Tsuji I, Tsubono Y, Nishino Y, Tamakoshi A, Matsuo K, Ito H, Wakai K, Nagata C, Mizoue T, Tanaka K. Association of vegetable and fruit intake with gastric cancer risk among Japanese: a pooled analysis of four cohort studies. Ann Oncol 2014; 25:1228-33. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Li P, Zhang H, Chen J, Shi Y, Cai J, Yang J, Wu Y. Association between dietary antioxidant vitamins intake/blood level and risk of gastric cancer. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:1444-53. [PMID: 24510802 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to systematically evaluate the association between dietary intake/blood levels of antioxidant vitamins (vitamin C, vitamin E, β-carotene, and α-carotene) and gastric cancer risk. Systematic literature searches were conducted until April 2013 in Pubmed and Embase to identify relevant studies. Either a fixed- or a random-effects model was adopted to estimate overall odds ratios (ORs). Dose-response, meta-regression, subgroup, and publication bias analyses were applied. Forty articles were finally included in the present study. Higher dietary intake of vitamin C, vitamin E, β-carotene, and α-carotene was inversely associated with gastric cancer risk (for vitamin C, pooled OR=0.58, 95% CI 0.51-0.65; for vitamin E, pooled OR=0.65, 95% CI 0.57-0.74; for β-carotene, pooled OR=0.59, 95% CI 0.49-0.70; for α-carotene, pooled OR=0.69, 95% CI 0.52-0.93). Subgroup analyses suggested the effects of these antioxidant vitamins were different in gastric cancer subtypes. As indicated by dose-response analysis, a 100 mg/day increment of vitamin C intake conferred an OR of 0.78 (95% CI 0.67-0.90); a 15 mg/day increment of vitamin E intake conferred an OR of 0.79 (95% CI 0.66-0.94); and a 5 mg/day increment in β-carotene intake conferred an OR of 0.80 (95% CI 0.60-1.04). No significant association was observed between blood vitamin C, α-tocopherol, γ- tocopherol, β-carotene and α-carotene levels and gastric cancer risk. In conclusion, dietary intake of vitamin C, vitamin E, β-carotene and α-carotene was inversely associated with gastric cancer risk while no such association was observed for blood levels of these antioxidant vitamins, thus the results should be interpreted cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
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Zou Y, Wang DH, Sakano N, Sato Y, Iwanaga S, Taketa K, Kubo M, Takemoto K, Masatomi C, Inoue K, Ogino K. Associations of serum retinol, α-tocopherol, and γ-tocopherol with biomarkers among healthy Japanese men. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:1647-60. [PMID: 24487454 PMCID: PMC3945559 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110201647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Retinol, α-tocopherol, and γ-tocopherol are fat-soluble vitamins acting as antioxidants via the prevention of lipid oxidation. Little is known about circulatory levels in healthy individuals. The present cross-sectional study aimed at elucidating the relationship between these antioxidants and clinical biomarkers in 206 male (median age 41 years, range 23-67) employees from companies located in the Okayama Prefecture, Japan. Subjects younger than 40 years (n = 94) showed a positive association of the frequency of alcohol consumption with the circulating retinol (β = 0.344, p = 0.001) and γ-tocopherol levels (β = 0.219, p = 0.041), and an inverse association of fast insulin with serum retinol (β = -0.301, p = 0.009). In participants older than 40 years (n = 112) we found that an inverse association of HOMA-R with serum retinol (β = -0.262, p = 0.021), α-tocopherol (β = -0.236, p = 0.035), and γ-tocopherol levels (β = -0.224, p = 0.052); and cigarette smoking was inversely associated with the levels of serum α-tocopherol (β = -0.286, p = 0.008) and γ-tocopherol (β = -0.229, p = 0.040). We further found negative relationships between serum ferritin and the retinol (β = -0.211, p = 0.032) and α-tocopherol levels (β = -0.223, p = 0.022) in men over 40 years of age. The present study suggests that the circulatory levels of antioxidant vitamins may modulate the action of insulin and that higher levels of iron might decrease the levels of antioxidant vitamins in the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zou
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Da-Hong Wang
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Noriko Sakano
- Department of Gerontology Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Yoshie Sato
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Suketaka Iwanaga
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoye-cho Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Kazuhisa Taketa
- Geriatric Health Service Facility, Niwanosato Home, Mihara, Hiroshima 729-1321, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Kubo
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Kei Takemoto
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Chie Masatomi
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Kiyomi Inoue
- Public Health Care Nursing, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kobe Tokiwa University, 2-6-2 Otani-cho, Kobe 653-0838, Japan.
| | - Keiki Ogino
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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Samoylenko A, Hossain JA, Mennerich D, Kellokumpu S, Hiltunen JK, Kietzmann T. Nutritional countermeasures targeting reactive oxygen species in cancer: from mechanisms to biomarkers and clinical evidence. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:2157-96. [PMID: 23458328 PMCID: PMC3869543 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) exert various biological effects and contribute to signaling events during physiological and pathological processes. Enhanced levels of ROS are highly associated with different tumors, a Western lifestyle, and a nutritional regime. The supplementation of food with traditional antioxidants was shown to be protective against cancer in a number of studies both in vitro and in vivo. However, recent large-scale human trials in well-nourished populations did not confirm the beneficial role of antioxidants in cancer, whereas there is a well-established connection between longevity of several human populations and increased amount of antioxidants in their diets. Although our knowledge about ROS generators, ROS scavengers, and ROS signaling has improved, the knowledge about the direct link between nutrition, ROS levels, and cancer is limited. These limitations are partly due to lack of standardized reliable ROS measurement methods, easily usable biomarkers, knowledge of ROS action in cellular compartments, and individual genetic predispositions. The current review summarizes ROS formation due to nutrition with respect to macronutrients and antioxidant micronutrients in the context of cancer and discusses signaling mechanisms, used biomarkers, and its limitations along with large-scale human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Samoylenko
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Jubayer Al Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Daniela Mennerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sakari Kellokumpu
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Thomas Kietzmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Hafidh R, Abdulamir A, Abu Bakar F, Jalilian F, Jahanshiri F, Abas F, Sekawi Z. Novel anticancer activity and anticancer mechanisms of Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata f. rubra. Eur J Integr Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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Kropotova ES, Zinov’eva OL, Zyryanova AF, Choinzonov EL, Afanas’ev SG, Cherdyntseva NV, Beresten’ SF, Oparina NY, Mashkova TD. Expression of genes involved in retinoic acid biosynthesis in human gastric cancer. Mol Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893313020076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yang T, Yang X, Wang X, Wang Y, Song Z. The role of tomato products and lycopene in the prevention of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Med Hypotheses 2013; 80:383-8. [PMID: 23352874 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of death from cancer worldwide. Epidemiologic studies have examined the possible association between tomato products consumption and gastric cancer, but the relationship between tomato products and the risk of gastric cancer is controversial. We performed a meta-analysis of cohort and case-control studies to analyze this association. METHODS We systematically searched MEDLINE and EMBASE and contacted authors to identify potential studies published from January 1966 to June 2012. We pooled the relative risks from individual studies using a random-effects model and performed heterogeneity and publication bias analyses. RESULTS Twenty-one studies were eligible for our inclusion criteria, in a pooled analysis of all studies, consumption of large amounts of tomato products (in a comparison of the highest and lowest consumption groups) reduced the risk for gastric cancer (odds ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.60-0.90). The pooled OR of lycopene consumption and serum lycopene was 0.88 (95% CI=0.67-1.16) and 0.79 (95% CI=0.59-1.07), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of large amounts of tomato products is associated with a reduced risk of gastric cancer. However, because of potential confounding factors and exposure misclassification, further studies are required to establish these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingsong Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth Peoples' Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China.
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Determination of Retinol,α-Tocopherol, Lycopene, andβ-Carotene in Human Plasma Using HPLC with UV-Vis Detection: Application to a Clinical Study. J CHEM-NY 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/460242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A method is described here for the simultaneous determination of retinol,α-tocopherol, lycopene, andβ-carotene in human plasma. The effectiveness of various protein precipitants and extraction solvents was tested. After adequate sample preparation, the samples were injected directly into the HPLC system. The separation was realized on an analytical reversed-phase column with a UV-Vis detection. The analytical performance of this method was satisfactory. The intraassay and interassay coefficients of variation were below 10%. The recoveries were as follows: 97.0% (CV 2.4%) for retinol, 94.6% (CV 1.7%) forα-tocopherol, 91.9% (CV 3.6%) for lycopene, and 93.9% (CV 4.2%) forβ-carotene. The levels of selected fat-soluble vitamins in plasma of patients with cardiovascular disease were measured and discussed.
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30
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Ueno M, Izumi Y, Kawaguchi Y, Ikeda A, Iso H, Inoue M, Tsugane S. Prediagnostic plasma antibody levels to periodontopathic bacteria and risk of coronary heart disease. Int Heart J 2012; 53:209-14. [PMID: 22878796 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.53.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Many epidemiological studies have indicated that periodontitis is an important risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). We examined whether plasma antibody levels to 3 major periodontal pathogens, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia predicted the risk of CHD events. A nested case-control research design (case: n = 191, control: n = 382), by matching gender, age, study area, date of blood collection, and time since last meal at blood collection, was employed in a large cohort of Japanese community residents.Antibody levels of periodontopathic bacteria were associated with risk of CHD after adjusting for BMI, smoking status, alcohol intake, history of hypertension, history of diabetes mellitus, exercise during leisure time, and perceived mental stress. The association was different by age subgroup. For subjects aged 40-55 years, the medium (31.7-184.9 U/mL) or high tertile plasma antibody level (> 184.9 U/mL) of A. actinomycetemcomitans showed higher risk of CHD (medium: OR = 3.72; 95% CI = 1.20-11.56, high: OR = 4.64; 95% CI = 1.52-14.18) than the low tertile level (< 31.7 U/mL). The ORs of CHD incidence became higher with an increase in IgG level of A. actinomycetemcomitans (P for trend = 0.007). For subjects aged 56-69 years, the high tertile level (> 414.1 U/mL) of P. intermedia was associated with higher risk of CHD (OR = 2.65; 95% CI = 1.18-5.94) in a dose-response fashion (P for trend = 0.007). The possible role of periodontopathic bacteria as a risk factor for CHD incidence was suggested by the results of this study by the elevated antibody level to these bacteria with the increased risk of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Ueno
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Hakim IA, Harris R, Garland L, Cordova CA, Mikhael DM, Sherry Chow HH. Gender Difference in Systemic Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Capacity in Current and Former Heavy Smokers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012; 21:2193-200. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-0820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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32
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Miller PE, Snyder DC. Phytochemicals and cancer risk: a review of the epidemiological evidence. Nutr Clin Pract 2012; 27:599-612. [PMID: 22878362 DOI: 10.1177/0884533612456043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of epidemiological studies have investigated associations between various phytochemicals and cancer risk. Phytoestrogens and carotenoids are the two most commonly studied classes of phytochemicals; phytosterols, isothiocyanates, and chlorophyll also have been investigated, although to a much lesser extent. Because there have been no systematic reviews of the literature on all phytochemicals and cancer risk to date, this article systematically reviews 96 published epidemiological studies that examined associations between phytochemicals and cancer risk. Most studies found null associations between individual phytochemicals and cancer risk at various sites. In addition, results from past studies have been largely inconsistent, and observed associations have been of relatively modest magnitude. The most consistent protective effects were observed for higher levels--dietary intake, serum, plasma, or urinary metabolites--of β-carotene and renal cell cancer, β-cryptoxanthin and lung cancer, isothiocyanates and lung cancer, isothiocyanates and gastrointestinal cancer, lignans and postmenopausal breast cancer, and flavonoids and lung cancer. Although elevated risk of certain cancers with higher levels of certain phytochemicals was observed, an insufficient pool of studies examining the same associations or inconsistent findings across studies limit the ability to conclude that any one phytochemical increases cancer risk. Additional research is needed to support previously identified associations in cases where only one study has examined a particular relationship. Importantly, continued research efforts are needed to evaluate the cumulative and interactive effects of numerous phytochemicals and phytochemical-rich foods on cancer risk.
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Kim Y, Seo JH, Kim H. β-Carotene and lutein inhibit hydrogen peroxide-induced activation of NF-κB and IL-8 expression in gastric epithelial AGS cells. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2012; 57:216-23. [PMID: 21908944 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.57.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) including hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) are involved in the pathogenesis of gastric inflammation. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a potent mediator of the inflammatory response by activating and recruiting neutrophils to the site of infection. Oxidant-sensitive transcription factor NF-κB regulates the expression of IL-8 in the immune and inflammatory events. Carotenoids (carotenes and oxygenated carotenoids) show antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Low intake of β-carotene leads to high risk of gastric cancer. Oxygenated carotenoid lutein inhibited NF-κB activation in experimental uveitis. The present study aims to investigate whether β-carotene and lutein inhibit H(2)O(2)-induced activation of NF-κB and expression of IL-8 in gastric epithelial AGS cells. The cells were treated with carotenoids 2 h prior to the treatment of H(2)O(2). mRNA expression was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real time RT-PCR analyses. IL-8 level in the medium was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. NF-κB activation was assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. ROS levels of the cells were detected by confocal microscopic analysis for fluorescent dichlorofluorescein. As a result, H(2)O(2 )induced the activation of NF-κB and expression of IL-8 in AGS cells time-dependently. β-Carotene and lutein showed inhibitory effects on H(2)O(2)-induced increase in intracellular ROS levels, activation of NF-κB, and IL-8 expression in AGS cells. In conclusion, supplementation of carotenoids such as β-carotene and lutein may be beneficial for the treatment of oxidative stress-mediated gastric inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngha Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Kim S, Kim YN, Cho YO. Vitamin A status of 20- to 59-year-old adults living in Seoul and the metropolitan area, Korea. Nutr Res Pract 2012; 6:45-50. [PMID: 22413040 PMCID: PMC3296922 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2012.6.1.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary intakes and plasma concentrations of retinol and carotenoids were estimated in assessing the vitamin A status of Korean adults living in Seoul and the metropolitan area. Three consecutive 24-h food recalls were collected from 106 healthy subjects (33 males and 73 females) aged 20-59 years. Fasting blood samples of the subjects were obtained and plasma retinol and carotenoids were analyzed. The daily vitamin A intakes (mean ± SD) were 887.77 ± 401.35 µg retinol equivalents or 531.84 ± 226.42 µg retinol activity equivalents. There were no significant differences in vitamin A intakes among age groups. The retinol intake of subjects was 175.92 ± 129.87 µg/day. The retinol intake of the subjects in their 50's was significantly lower than those in their 20's and 30's (P < 0.05). Provitamin A carotenoid intakes were 3,828.37 ± 2,196.29 µg/day β-carotene, 472.57 ± 316.68 µg/day α-carotene, and 412.83 ± 306.46 µg/day β-cryptoxanthin. Approximately 17% of the subjects consumed vitamin A less than the Korean Estimated Average Requirements for vitamin A. The plasma retinol concentration was 1.22 ± 0.34 µmol/L. There was no significant difference in plasma retinol concentrations among age groups. However, the concentrations of β-carotene, lycopene, and lutein of subjects in their 50's were significantly higher than those of in their 20's. Only one subject had a plasma retinol concentration < 0.70 µmol/L indicating marginal vitamin A status. Plasma retinol concentration in 30% of the subjects was 0.70- < 1.05 µmol/L, which is interpreted as the concentration possibly responsive to greater intake of vitamin A. In conclusion, dietary intakes and status of vitamin A were generally adequate in Korean adults examined in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungah Kim
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, 419 Ssangmun-dong, Seoul 132-714, Korea
| | - Young-Nam Kim
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, 419 Ssangmun-dong, Seoul 132-714, Korea
| | - Youn-Ok Cho
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, 419 Ssangmun-dong, Seoul 132-714, Korea
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Tramacere I, Negri E, Pelucchi C, Bagnardi V, Rota M, Scotti L, Islami F, Corrao G, La Vecchia C, Boffetta P. A meta-analysis on alcohol drinking and gastric cancer risk. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:28-36. [PMID: 21536659 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether an association between alcohol drinking and gastric cancer risk exists is an open question. In order to provide a definite quantification of the association between alcohol drinking and gastric cancer risk, we conducted a meta-analysis of available data. PATIENTS AND METHODS We carried out a PubMed search of articles published up to June 2010 and identified 44 case-control and 15 cohort studies, including a total of 34 557 gastric cancer cases. We derived meta-analytic estimates using random-effects models, taking into account correlation between estimates. We carried out a dose-risk analysis using nonlinear random-effects meta-regression models. RESULTS Compared with nondrinkers, the pooled relative risk (RR) was 1.07 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.13] for alcohol drinkers and 1.20 (95% CI 1.01-1.44) for heavy alcohol drinkers (≥4 drinks per day). The pooled estimates were apparently higher for gastric noncardia (RR for heavy drinkers=1.17, 95% CI 0.78-1.75) than for gastric cardia (RR=0.99, 95% CI 0.67-1.47) adenocarcinoma. The dose-risk model estimated a RR of 0.95 (95% CI 0.91-0.99) for 10 g/day and 1.14 (95% CI 1.08-1.21) for 50 g/day. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis provides definite evidence of a lack of association between moderate alcohol drinking and gastric cancer risk. There was, however, a positive association with heavy alcohol drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Tramacere
- Department of Epidemiology, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan
| | - E Negri
- Department of Epidemiology, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan
| | - C Pelucchi
- Department of Epidemiology, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan.
| | - V Bagnardi
- Department of Statistics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan
| | - M Rota
- Department of Statistics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan; Department of Clinical Medicine and Prevention, Centre of Biostatistics for Clinical Epidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - L Scotti
- Department of Statistics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan
| | - F Islami
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - G Corrao
- Department of Statistics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan
| | - C La Vecchia
- Department of Epidemiology, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan; Section of Medical Statistics, Department of Occupational Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - P Boffetta
- International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon, France; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA
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Llacuna L, Mach N. Papel de los antioxidantes en la prevención del cáncer. REVISTA ESPAÑOLA DE NUTRICIÓN HUMANA Y DIETÉTICA 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2173-1292(12)70067-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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A carotenoid health index based on plasma carotenoids and health outcomes. Nutrients 2011; 3:1003-22. [PMID: 22292108 PMCID: PMC3260489 DOI: 10.3390/nu3121003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While there have been many studies on health outcomes that have included measurements of plasma carotenoids, this data has not been reviewed and assembled into a useful form. In this review sixty-two studies of plasma carotenoids and health outcomes, mostly prospective cohort studies or population-based case-control studies, are analyzed together to establish a carotenoid health index. Five cutoff points are established across the percentiles of carotenoid concentrations in populations, from the tenth to ninetieth percentile. The cutoff points (mean ± standard error of the mean) are 1.11 ± 0.08, 1.47 ± 0.08, 1.89 ± 0.08, 2.52 ± 0.13, and 3.07 ± 0.20 µM. For all cause mortality there seems to be a low threshold effect with protection above every cutoff point but the lowest. But for metabolic syndrome and cancer outcomes there tends to be significant positive health outcomes only above the higher cutoff points, perhaps as a triage effect. Based on this data a carotenoid health index is proposed with risk categories as follows: very high risk: <1 µM, high risk: 1-1.5 µM, moderate risk: 1.5-2.5 µM, low risk: 2.5-4 µM, and very low risk: >4 µM. Over 95 percent of the USA population falls into the moderate or high risk category of the carotenoid health index.
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38
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Cook-Mills JM, Marchese ME, Abdala-Valencia H. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression and signaling during disease: regulation by reactive oxygen species and antioxidants. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:1607-38. [PMID: 21050132 PMCID: PMC3151426 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium is immunoregulatory in that inhibiting the function of vascular adhesion molecules blocks leukocyte recruitment and thus tissue inflammation. The function of endothelial cells during leukocyte recruitment is regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants. In inflammatory sites and lymph nodes, the endothelium is stimulated to express adhesion molecules that mediate leukocyte binding. Upon leukocyte binding, these adhesion molecules activate endothelial cell signal transduction that then alters endothelial cell shape for the opening of passageways through which leukocytes can migrate. If the stimulation of this opening is blocked, inflammation is blocked. In this review, we focus on the endothelial cell adhesion molecule, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Expression of VCAM-1 is induced on endothelial cells during inflammatory diseases by several mediators, including ROS. Then, VCAM-1 on the endothelium functions as both a scaffold for leukocyte migration and a trigger of endothelial signaling through NADPH oxidase-generated ROS. These ROS induce signals for the opening of intercellular passageways through which leukocytes migrate. In several inflammatory diseases, inflammation is blocked by inhibition of leukocyte binding to VCAM-1 or by inhibition of VCAM-1 signal transduction. VCAM-1 signal transduction and VCAM-1-dependent inflammation are blocked by antioxidants. Thus, VCAM-1 signaling is a target for intervention by pharmacological agents and by antioxidants during inflammatory diseases. This review discusses ROS and antioxidant functions during activation of VCAM-1 expression and VCAM-1 signaling in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan M Cook-Mills
- Allergy-Immunology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 240 E Huron, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Epplein M, Signorello LB, Zheng W, Cai Q, Hargreaves MK, Michel A, Pawlita M, Fowke JH, Correa P, Blot WJ. Helicobacter pylori prevalence and circulating micronutrient levels in a low-income United States population. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011; 4:871-8. [PMID: 21436385 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
High prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), the leading cause of gastric cancer, and low levels of micronutrients have been observed in many developing countries, and the question remains as to the whether an association between the 2 exists. The present study seeks to further our understanding of this potential connection in the Southern Community Cohort Study, representing a low-income population in the United States. Blood levels of antibodies to H. pylori proteins were assessed by multiplex serology for a sample of 310 African American and white participants, ages 40 to 79 years. Blood collected at baseline was also assayed for levels of carotenoids, tocopherols, retinol, and folate. Multivariate linear regression was used to calculate least-squares mean micronutrient levels within groups defined by H. pylori status. The mean serum levels of all micronutrients assayed were lower among H. pylori + individuals than H. pylori - individuals, significantly for β-carotene, folate, and retinol (decreases of 27.6%, 18.6%, and 9.7%, respectively). Individuals who were seropositive to the virulent CagA+ H. pylori strains had even lower mean levels of micronutrients, particularly β-carotene, folate, total carotenoids, and retinol (decreases of 38.9%, 19.1%, 17.0%, and 11.7%, respectively, compared with H. pylori - individuals). However, dietary micronutrient levels as derived from a food frequency questionnaire did not vary between groups defined by H. pylori status. These results provide support for the hypothesis that H. pylori infection impairs nutrient absorption and suggest a need for future studies to explore the role of H. pylori infection on nutrition and gastric cancer risk in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meira Epplein
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Wu NL, Chiang YC, Huang CC, Fang JY, Chen DF, Hung CF. Zeaxanthin inhibits PDGF-BB-induced migration in human dermal fibroblasts. Exp Dermatol 2011; 19:e173-81. [PMID: 20482615 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.01036.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Zeaxanthin is the dihydroxy carotenoid and is distributed in our daily foods. Various natural carotenoids, including zeaxanthin, have been shown to inhibit proliferation of several types of cancer cells, but available data on the effect of zeaxanthin on skin fibroblasts and melanoma cells are limited. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) functions as a chemotactic factor for dermal fibroblasts and plays an important role in the progression of melanoma. In this study, we investigated the effects of zeaxanthin on the migration of skin fibroblasts induced by PDGF-BB and melanoma cells. We demonstrated that zeaxanthin inhibited PDGF-BB-induced skin fibroblast migration on collagen and gelatin by a modified Boyden chamber system. The electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) method also showed similar inhibitory effects of zeaxanthin on the migration of fibroblasts. In functional studies, zeaxanthin decreased melanoma-induced fibroblast migration in a non-contact coculture system and also the migration stimulated by melanoma-derived conditioned medium. Further analysis showed that zeaxanthin attenuated PDGF-BB and melanoma-conditioned medium induced phosphorylation of PDGFR-beta and MAP kinase in a concentration-dependent manner in human skin fibroblasts. However, these effects did not result from direct interaction of zeaxanthin with PDGF-BB. Thus, our results provide the first evidence showing that zeaxanthin is an effective inhibitor of migration of stromal fibroblasts induced by PDGF-BB and melanoma cells and this effect may further support its antitumor potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Lin Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Epplein M, Shu XO, Xiang YB, Chow WH, Yang G, Li HL, Ji BT, Cai H, Gao YT, Zheng W. Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of distal gastric cancer in the Shanghai Women's and Men's Health studies. Am J Epidemiol 2010; 172:397-406. [PMID: 20647333 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwq144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Results from case-control and cohort studies of the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and gastric cancer risk have been inconsistent. Cases for the current study consisted of incident distal gastric cancers identified between 1996 and 2007 among members of the Shanghai Women's Health Study (n = 206) and the Shanghai Men's Health Study (n = 132). Intakes of fruits, vegetables, and select micronutrients were assessed on the basis of validated food frequency questionnaires. Multivariate-adjusted hazards ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by Cox proportional hazards regression. For women, no associations were found between gastric cancer risk and the highest intake of fruits (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.68, 1.54; P(trend) = 0.87) or vegetables (HR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.60, 1.31; P(trend) = 0.32). For men, increased fruit intake was associated with decreased risk of distal gastric cancer (for the highest quartile of intake, HR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.29, 0.84; P(trend) = 0.004), but no association was seen with increased intake of vegetables (HR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.59, 1.68; P(trend) = 0.87). The inverse association with fruit intake for men was more evident among ever smokers (P(trend) = 0.001) than never smokers (P(trend) = 0.67). No associations between dietary intakes of select antioxidant micronutrients were seen for men or women. Fruit intake is inversely associated with distal gastric cancer risk among men in Shanghai, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meira Epplein
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, Sixth Floor, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
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Druesne-Pecollo N, Latino-Martel P, Norat T, Barrandon E, Bertrais S, Galan P, Hercberg S. Beta-carotene supplementation and cancer risk: a systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:172-84. [PMID: 19876916 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The effect of beta-carotene supplementation on cancer incidence has been investigated in several randomized controlled trials. The objective was to review the effect of beta-carotene supplementation on cancer incidence in randomized trials by cancer site, beta-carotene supplementation characteristics and study population. Relevant trials were retrieved by searching PubMed (up to April 2009). Authors involved in selected studies were contacted for additional information. Thirteen publications reporting results from 9 randomized controlled trials were included. Overall, no effect of beta-carotene supplementation was observed on the incidence of all cancers combined (RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.98-1.04), pancreatic cancer (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.73-1.36), colorectal cancer (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.85-1.09), prostate cancer (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.91-1.07), breast cancer (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.85-1.10), melanoma (RR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.65-1.46) and non melanoma skin cancer (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.93-1.05). The incidence of lung and stomach cancers were significantly increased in individuals supplemented with beta-carotene at 20-30 mg day(-1) (RR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.06-1.27 and RR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.06-1.70), in smokers and asbestos workers (RR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.07-1.34 and RR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.08-2.19) compared to the placebo group. Beta-carotene supplementation has not been shown to have any beneficial effect on cancer prevention. Conversely, it was associated with increased risk not only of lung cancer but also of gastric cancer at doses of 20-30 mg day(-1), in smokers and asbestos workers. This study adds to the evidence that nutritional prevention of cancer through beta-carotene supplementation should not be recommended.
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Abstract
Lycopene is a non-provitamin A carotenoid that is responsible for the red to pink colors seen in tomatoes, pink grapefruit, and other foods. Processed tomato products are the primary dietary lycopene source in the United States. Unlike many other natural compounds, lycopene is generally stable to processing when present in the plant tissue matrix. Recently, lycopene has also been studied in relation to its potential health effects. Although promising data from epidemiological, as well as cell culture and animal, studies suggest that lycopene and the consumption of lycopene containing foods may affect cancer or cardiovascular disease risk, more clinical trial data is needed to support this hypothesis. In addition, future studies are required to understand the mechanism(s) whereby lycopene or its metabolites are proven to possess biological activity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica N. Story
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences at North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Rachel E. Kopec
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary PhD program in Human Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Steven J. Schwartz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary PhD program in Human Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - G. Keith Harris
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences at North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
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Comprehensive high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the measurements of lipophilic antioxidants in human plasma. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:3131-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Revised: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Pelucchi C, Tramacere I, Bertuccio P, Tavani A, Negri E, La Vecchia C. Dietary intake of selected micronutrients and gastric cancer risk: an Italian case-control study. Ann Oncol 2008; 20:160-5. [PMID: 18669867 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdn536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high consumption of non-starchy vegetables and fruits likely decreases the risk of gastric cancer, but no specific constituent of plant foods has been consistently identified to explain this association. PATIENTS AND METHODS We considered several micronutrients and minerals in an Italian case-control study conducted between 1997 and 2007, including 230 patients with incident, histologically confirmed gastric cancer and 547 matched controls, admitted with acute conditions. Micronutrients computation was based on a validated and reproducible food frequency questionnaire, through an Italian food composition database. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) using conditional logistic regression, adjusted for energy intake and selected covariates. RESULTS We found decreased ORs for the highest versus lowest quartile of vitamin E (OR=0.50), alpha-carotene (OR=0.52) and beta-carotene (OR=0.42) intake. Gastric cancer was directly associated with sodium, with ORs of 2.22 for the second, 2.56 for the third and 2.46 for the fourth quartile of intake. No significant relation emerged with iron, calcium, potassium, zinc, vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin D, retinol, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene and lutein plus zeaxanthin. CONCLUSIONS Our data support a favourable effect on gastric cancer of vitamin E and selected carotenoids and a detrimental effect of sodium even at intermediate levels of intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pelucchi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
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Hernández-Díaz S, Hernán MA, Meyer K, Werler MM, Mitchell AA. Case-crossover and case-time-control designs in birth defects epidemiology. Am J Epidemiol 2003; 158:385-91. [PMID: 12915504 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwg144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The case-crossover and the case-time-control designs can be used to evaluate the effect of intermittent exposures on the risk of acute events. To explore how birth defects epidemiology could benefit from these approaches, the authors compared them with a traditional case-control study design that evaluated the association between use of folic acid antagonists during the second and third pregnancy months and the risk of cardiovascular defects. Among 3,870 cases and 8,387 control infants in the Slone Epidemiology Center Birth Defects Study (1976-1998), the odds ratio was 2.3 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4, 3.9). The case-crossover approach compared folic acid antagonist use between the 2-month embryologically sensitive period (case window) and the 2 months preceding the last menstrual period (control window) among mothers of case infants (odds ratio = 1.0, 95% CI: 0.5, 2.0). Although it controls between-person confounding and avoids issues of control selection, this design may be biased by time trends of exposure prevalence during pregnancy. The case-time-control design, which adjusts for exposure time trends under certain assumptions, yielded an odds ratio of 2.9 (95% CI: 1.2, 7.2), but it requires controls. In the presence of gestational time trends of exposure, the new designs do not offer clear advantages over the case-control design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Hernández-Díaz
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University School of Public Health, 1010 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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