• Adipose organ
• Cell models
• Obesity
• Translational research

• Humans
• Translational Research, Biomedical
• Obesity/pathology
• Adipose Tissue/pathology
• Animals
• Models, Biological

• A body shape index
• Cross-sectional study
• National health and nutrition examination survey
• Parkinson's disease

A healthy body shape is essential to maintain athletes’ sports level. At present, little is known about the effect of athletes’ body shape on anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Moreover, the relationship between body shape and variables such as knee joint function after operation and return to the field has not been well studied.

To verify the relationship between a body shape index (ABSI) and the functional prognosis of the knee after ACLR in athletes with ACL injuries.

We reviewed 76 athletes with unilateral ACL ruptures who underwent ACLR surgery in the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University between 2017 and 2020, with a follow-up period of more than 24 mo. First, all populations were divided into a High-ABSI group (ABSI > 0.835, n = 38) and a Low-ABSI group (ABSI < 0.835, n = 38) based on the arithmetic median (0.835) of ABSI values. The primary exposure factor was ABSI, and the outcome indicators were knee function scores as well as postoperative complications. The correlation between ABSI and postoperative knee function scores and postoperative complications after ACLR were analyzed using multifactorial logistic regression.

The preoperative knee function scores of the two groups were similar. The surgery and postoperative rehabilitation exercises, range of motion (ROM) compliance rate, Lysholm score, and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score of the two groups gradually increased, whereas the quadriceps atrophy index gradually decreased. The knee function scores were higher in the Low-ABSI group than in the High-ABSI group at the 24-mo postoperative follow-up (P < 0.05). In multifactorial logistic regression, ABSI was a risk factor of low knee joint function score after surgery, specifically low ROM scores (odds ratio [OR] = 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.10-1.44]; P < 0.001), low quadriceps atrophy index (OR = 1.11, 95%CI [0.97-1.29]; P < 0.05), low Lysholm scores (OR = 2.34, 95%CI [1.78-2.94]; P < 0.001), low symptoms (OR = 1.14, 95%CI [1.02-1.34]; P < 0.05), low activity of daily living (OR = 1.34, 95%CI [1.18-1.65]; P < 0.05), low sports (OR = 2.47, 95%CI [1.78-2.84]; P < 0.001), and low quality of life (OR = 3.34, 95%CI [2.88-3.94]; P < 0.001). ABSI was also a risk factor for deep vein thrombosis of the lower limb (OR = 2.14, 95%CI [1.88-2.36], P < 0.05] and ACL recurrent rupture (OR = 1.24, 95%CI [0.98-1.44], P < 0.05) after ACLR.

ABSI is a risk factor for the poor prognosis of knee function in ACL athletes after ACLR, and the risk of poor knee function after ACLR, deep vein thrombosis of lower limb, and ACL recurrent rupture gradually increases with the rise of ABSI.

• A body shape index
• Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
• Athletes
• Multifactorial logistic regression
• Obesity

• AI and Body composition

• Humans
• Artificial Intelligence
• Body Composition
• Electrocardiography
• Heart Disease Risk Factors
• Hypertension

• abdominal muscle strength
• bioelectrical impedance
• maximum voluntary isometric contraction
• percentage of body fat
• waist circumference
• waist-to-hip ratio

• Adolescents
• Fat gain
• Physical activity
• Skinfold thickness

• childhood obesity
• endocrinology
• epidemiology
• health disparities
• obesity
• puberty
• puberty onset
• racial disparities

Brazilian adolescents have undergone a noteworthy nutritional epidemiological transition. There is an increase in the prevalence of overweight and high consumption of ultra-processed foods in parallel with patterns of traditional meals that include beans. This study analyzed associations between bean consumption in the diet of adolescents and nutrition outcomes. Multiple regression analysis showed a significant reduction in body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (%BF) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-c) values among those with bean consumption equal to or greater than five times a week. Adolescents who had lunch outside the home and those who did not have the habit of having lunch showed a significantly higher BMI. There was an increase in the %BF among married adolescents and those who did not have lunch. There was a reduction of LDL-c among those with intermediate per capita income and those who consumed processed juice less than 5 times a week, and an increase among those who did not have breakfast. There were significant interactions between sexual maturation, energy consumption, physical activity and energy consumption. Thus, in the context of this study, the presence of beans in the diet, at frequencies equal to or greater than five times a week, can be considered a proxy for healthy eating.

• Fabaceae
• adolescent
• food behaviour
• food consumption
• nutritional status
• obesity

• Adolescent
• Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/physiology
• Body Fat Distribution
• Body Mass Index
• Brazil/epidemiology
• Cholesterol, LDL/blood
• Diet, Healthy
• Eating/physiology
• Energy Metabolism
• Exercise
• Fabaceae
• Female
• Humans
• Male
• Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology
• Pediatric Obesity/etiology
• Pediatric Obesity/prevention & control
• Prevalence

A stress fracture (SF) is a highly debilitating injury commonly experienced in United States Army Basic Combat Training (BCT). Body fat (BF) may be associated with this injury but previous investigations (in athletes) have largely used SF self-reports and lacked sufficient statistical power. This investigation developed an equation to estimate %BF and used that equation to examine the relationship between %BF and SF risk in BCT recruits.

Data for the %BF predictive equation involved 349 recruits with BF obtained from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. %BF was estimated using body mass index (BMI, weight/height²), age (yr), and sex in the entire population of BCT recruits over an 11-year period (n = 583,651). Medical information was obtained on these recruits to determine SF occurrence. Recruits were separated into deciles of estimated %BF and the risk of SFs determined in each decile.

The equation was %BF = − 7.53 + 1.43 ● BMI + 0.13 ● age − 14.73 ● sex, with sex either 1 for men or 0 for women (r = 0.88, standard error of estimate = 4.2%BF). Among the men, SF risk increased at the higher and lower %BF deciles: compared to men in the mean %BF decile, the risk of a SF for men in the first (lowest %BF) and tenth (highest %BF) decile were 1.27 (95%confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.17–1.40) and 1.15 (95%CI = 1.05–1.26) times higher, respectively. Among women, SF risk was only elevated in the first %BF decile with risk 1.20 (95%CI = 1.09–1.32) times higher compared to the mean %BF decile.

Low %BF was associated with higher SF risk in BCT; higher %BF was associated with higher SF risk among men but not women.

• Age
• Body fat
• Body mass index
• Gender
• Height
• Military personnel
• Race/ethnicity
• Stress fracture
• Weight

Large childhood body size has been consistently shown to be associated with decreased breast cancer risk. However, it is important to consider the effects of a large childhood body size on other adult diseases. It is not clear if the associations between childhood body size and adult diseases will persist if they later attain healthy weight. The associations between body size at age 7 and 17 adverse outcomes in adulthood were examined using Cox models in a Swedish study of 65,057 women. Large body size at age 7, when compared to small body size, was associated with decreased risk for breast cancer (HR [95% CI]: 0.81 [0.70–0.93]) and increased risks for anorexia (2.13 [1.63–2.77]) and bulimia (1.91 [1.35–2.70]). Neither adjusting for adult BMI nor restricting the dataset to lean adults (BMI < 25 kg/m²) attenuated the associations. While large body size at age 7 by itself was positively associated with increased risks of diabetes (1.34 [1.16–1.55]), PCOS (1.69 [1.13–2.51]) and hypertension (before age 60), the associations were no longer significant after controlling for adult BMI. No clear associations were found with the remaining adverse outcomes (cervical, uterine, melanoma, colon cancer, depression, ovarian cyst, stroke, hyperlipidemia, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and angina pectoris).

• Body mass index
• Cardiovascular risk factors
• LDL cholesterol
• Percent body fat
• Waist circumference

Whether being metabolically healthy obese (MHO)—defined by the presence of obesity in the absence of metabolic syndrome—is associated with subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear and may depend on the participants’ age. We examined the association of being MHO with CVD risk in the elderly.

This study included 5,314 individuals (mean age 68 years) from the prospective population-based Rotterdam Study. We categorized our population in groups according to body mass index (BMI) and presence and absence of metabolic syndrome, and estimated the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) for every group by using Cox proportional hazard models. Among 1048 (19.7%) obese individuals we identified 260 (24.8%) MHO subjects. Over 14 years of follow-up there were 861 incident CVD cases. In the multivariable adjusted analysis, we did not observe an increased CVD risk in MHO individuals (HR 1.07, 95%CI 0.75–1.53), compared to normal weight individuals without metabolic syndrome. CVD risk was increased by the presence of metabolic syndrome in normal weight (HR 1.35, 95%CI 1.02–1.80), overweight (HR 1.32, 95%CI 1.09–1.60) and obese (HR 1.33, 95%CI 1.07–1.66) individuals, compared to those with normal weight without metabolic syndrome. In a mediation analysis, 71.3% of the association between BMI and CVD was explained by the presence of metabolic syndrome.

In our elderly population, we found that the presence of obesity without metabolic syndrome did not confer a higher CVD risk. However, metabolic syndrome was strongly associated with CVD risk, and was associated with an increased risk in all BMI categories. Therefore, preventive interventions targeting cardiometabolic risk factors could be considered in elderly, regardless of weight status.

• Adolescente nacido prematuro
• Body composition
• Cardiovascular disease
• Composición corporal
• Crecimiento del prematuro
• Enfermedad cardiovascular
• Growth of the preterm infant
• Preterm-born adolescents

• NAFLD
• Obesity
• Physical activity
• Sitting time

• Body composition
• Media sitting time
• Physical activity

• malnutrition
• overnutrition
• pediatric cancer
• undernutrition

• Anthropometry
• Body Mass Index
• Child
• Humans
• Malnutrition/epidemiology
• Malnutrition/etiology
• Neoplasms/complications
• Neoplasms/therapy
• Nutritional Status
• Overnutrition/epidemiology
• Overnutrition/etiology
• Prevalence
• Skinfold Thickness

• G0800675 Medical Research Council
• MRF_C0482 MRF

• Adiposity
• Body composition
• Body mass index
• Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
• Waist circumference

• Adiposity/physiology
• Adult
• Body Mass Index
• Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology
• Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology
• Female
• Humans
• Middle Aged
• Obesity/complications
• Obesity/physiopathology
• Retrospective Studies
• Risk Assessment
• Risk Factors
• Women

• body mass index
• children
• obesity
• parental influence

• Adolescent
• Animals
• Beverages
• Body Mass Index
• Body Weight
• Child
• Cohort Studies
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Diet Records
• Dietary Carbohydrates/administration & dosage
• Energy Intake
• Female
• Fruit
• Humans
• Longitudinal Studies
• Male
• Milk
• Prospective Studies
• Surveys and Questionnaires

• DK46834 NIDDK NIH HHS
• P30 DK46200 NIDDK NIH HHS

• Anthropometry
• Body Height
• Body Mass Index
• Body Weight
• Canada/epidemiology
• Child
• Child, Preschool
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Female
• Health Surveys
• Humans
• Male
• Obesity/epidemiology
• Prevalence
• Socioeconomic Factors

• Body Composition
• Body Mass Index
• Child
• Electric Impedance
• Female
• Humans
• Indians, North American
• Male
• Motor Activity
• Sex Characteristics
• Skinfold Thickness

• HL-50867 NHLBI NIH HHS
• HL-50869 NHLBI NIH HHS
• HL-50885 NHLBI NIH HHS
• HL-50905 NHLBI NIH HHS
• HL-50907 NHLBI NIH HHS

Body Mass Index (BMI), which is defined as the ratio between weight (in kg) and height (in m²), is often used in clinical practice as well as in large scale epidemiological studies to classify subjects as underweight, normal weight, overweight or obese. Although BMI does not directly measure the percentage of Body Fat (BF%), it is widely applied because it is strongly related with BF%, it is easy to measure and it is an important predictor of mortality. Among children, age and sex-specific reference values of BMI, known as percentiles, are used. However, it is not clear how strong the relationship between BMI and BF% is among children and whether the association is linear. We performed a cross-sectional study aiming at evaluating the strength and shape of the relationship between BMI and BF% among school-aged children aged 6-12 years.

The study was conducted on a sample of 361 football-playing male children aged 6 to 12 years in Rome, Italy. Age, weight, height and skinfold thickness were collected. BF% was estimated using 4 skinfold equations whereas BMI was converted into BMI-for-age z-score. The relationship between these variables was examined using linear regression analyses. Mean BMI was 18.2 (± 2.8), whereas BF% was influenced by the skinfold equation used, with mean values ranging from 15.6% to 23.0%. A curvilinear relationship between BMI-for-age zscore and BF % was found, with the regression line being convex. The association between BMI-for-age zscore and BF% was stronger among overweight/obese children than among normal/underweight children. This curvilinear pattern was evident in all 4 skinfold equations used.

The association between BMI-for-age zscore and BF% is not linear among male children aged 6-12 years and it is stronger among overweight and obese subjects than among normal and underweight subjects. In this age group, BMI is a valid index of adiposity only among overweight and obese subjects.

• Absorptiometry, Photon
• Adiposity
• Adult
• Anthropometry
• Biological Factors/blood
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Female
• Humans
• Male
• Metabolic Syndrome/diagnosis
• Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology
• Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism
• Middle Aged
• Nutrition Surveys
• Obesity/diagnosis
• Obesity/epidemiology
• Obesity/metabolism
• Predictive Value of Tests
• Reproducibility of Results
• Retrospective Studies
• United States/epidemiology
• Young Adult

• P30 DK046200 NIDDK NIH HHS
• R01 DK058845 NIDDK NIH HHS
• DK58845 NIDDK NIH HHS
• DK46200 NIDDK NIH HHS

• Adiposity
• Adult
• Black People
• Blood Pressure
• Body Composition
• Body Mass Index
• Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology
• Cholesterol, HDL/blood
• Cholesterol, LDL/blood
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Female
• Humans
• Insulin/blood
• Longitudinal Studies
• Louisiana
• Male
• Obesity/epidemiology
• Overweight/epidemiology
• Risk Factors
• Skinfold Thickness
• Triglycerides/blood
• White People
• Young Adult
• Black or African American

• AG-16592 NIA NIH HHS

Although the correlation coefficient between body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat (%BF) or waist circumference (WC) has been reported, studies conducted among population-based schoolchildren to date have been limited in Japan, where %BF and WC are not usually measured in annual health examinations at elementary schools or junior high schools. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship of BMI to %BF and WC and to examine the influence of gender and obesity on these relationships among Japanese schoolchildren.

Subjects included 3,750 schoolchildren from the fourth and seventh grade in Ina-town, Saitama Prefecture, Japan between 2004 and 2008. Information about subject's age, sex, height, weight, %BF, and WC was collected from annual physical examinations. %BF was measured with a bipedal biometrical impedance analysis device. Obesity was defined by the following two criteria: the obese definition of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the definition of obesity for Japanese children. Pearson's correlation coefficients between BMI and %BF or WC were calculated separately for sex.

Among fourth graders, the correlation coefficients between BMI and %BF were 0.74 for boys and 0.97 for girls, whereas those between BMI and WC were 0.94 for boys and 0.90 for girls. Similar results were observed in the analysis of seventh graders. The correlation coefficient between BMI and %BF varied by physique (obese or non-obese), with weaker correlations among the obese regardless of the definition of obesity; most correlation coefficients among obese boys were less than 0.5, whereas most correlations among obese girls were more than 0.7. On the other hand, the correlation coefficients between BMI and WC were more than 0.8 among boys and almost all coefficients were more than 0.7 among girls, regardless of physique.

BMI was positively correlated with %BF and WC among Japanese schoolchildren. The correlations could be influenced by obesity as well as by gender. Accordingly, it is essential to consider gender and obesity when using BMI as a surrogate for %BF and WC for epidemiological use.

Objective: The null hypothesis for this investigation was that there was no difference in the frequency of wound disruption between women who had their subcutaneous tissues approximated with suture and those who did not during cesarean section.

Methods: During alternating months, consecutive women delivered by cesarean section either did (N = 716) or did not (N = 693) have their subcutaneous tissues closed with suture. All data were analyzed using chi square, Student's t-test, Fisher's exact probability test, analysis of variance, or logistic regression.

Results: A 32% decrease in the frequency of wound disruption was observed when subcutaneous tissues were brought into apposition with suture at cesarean section (P = 0.03).

Conclusions: Closure of Scarpa's and Camper's fascia with suture during cesarean section significantly decreased the frequency of wound disruption in this population.