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Wiebe M, Ingebritson A, Sholeh M, Tichenor C, Visek C, Victoria J, Beck M, Tiwari R, Hardwidge P, Zhu L. Streptococcus suis manganese transporter mutant as a live attenuated vaccine: Safety, efficacy, and virulence reversion mechanisms. Vet Microbiol 2025; 305:110521. [PMID: 40239440 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2025] [Revised: 04/02/2025] [Accepted: 04/11/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is the leading cause of mortality in piglets and is responsible for severe economic losses in the global pork industry. Severe invasive diseases caused by S. suis include sepsis, meningitis, arthritis, and endocarditis. S. suis disease prevention is hampered by the lack of safe and efficacious vaccines. In this study, we constructed an S. suis live attenuated vaccine candidate lacking the major streptococcal manganese transporter, a known virulence determinant of this organism. The safety and efficacy of this live vaccine were evaluated in swine. Our clinical study results showed that when administered at a dose of 1010 CFU, the vaccine strain was safe and efficacious. However, a lower dose of 109 CFU failed to generate significant immune protection. To investigate if an adjuvant could enhance the efficacy of the vaccine at a lower dose, we spiked the vaccine with a polymeric adjuvant and evaluated its performance. Surprisingly, four pigs receiving the adjuvanted vaccine died during the vaccination phase. Pathology, microbiology, and genetic analyses suggested that the vaccine strain reverted to virulence in these animals. Functional genetic analysis found that the vaccine strain acquired compensatory mutations that upregulated the expression of a secondary manganese transporter, which in turn restored the virulence of the vaccine strain. Our results provide a new understanding of S. suis host adaptation mechanisms and useful information for the design of future live-attenuated vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Wiebe
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA, Inc., Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Melody Sholeh
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA, Inc., Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Callie Visek
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA, Inc., Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Michael Beck
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA, Inc., Ames, IA, USA
| | - Raksha Tiwari
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA, Inc., Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Luchang Zhu
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA, Inc., Ames, IA, USA.
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XIAO H, JI H, ZHOU N, XIAO Y, SHI D. Autophagy inhibits nuclear factor kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inflammatory signaling pathways and modulates cytokine release in murine microglia following Streptococcus suis serotype 2 infection. J Vet Med Sci 2025; 87:68-74. [PMID: 39603605 PMCID: PMC11735217 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.24-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 11/02/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy within macrophages serves as a vital mechanism for modulating inflammatory responses to central nervous system infections caused by Streptococcus suis in both humans and swine. However, the mechanism by which autophagy regulates inflammation during S. suis infection is unclear. This study investigated the mechanism by which autophagy serves as a defense against S. suis infection in mouse microglial cells (BV2). Initially, we examined how S. suis infection triggers the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) autophagic cascade and the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inflammatory signaling pathways using western blot within BV2 cells. We then demonstrated that treatment with autophagy inhibitors, inducers, and siRNA of autophagy genes changed the levels of C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL3, CCL5, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and p-p65, p-p38, p- c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p-Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity within BV2 cells. We found that S. suis infection induced AMPK/mTOR autophagy pathway, NF-κB and MAPK pathway in BV2 cells. Further, Autophagy inhibits S. suis infection-induced NF-κB and MAPK signaling and subsequent inflammatory factors CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, and TNF-α. Collectively, these findings suggest that AMPK/mTOR-regulated autophagy has an inhibitory effect on pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by regulating the NF-κB and MAPK pathways during S. suis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongde XIAO
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui JI
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Naiji ZHOU
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuncai XIAO
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Deshi SHI
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Fusco G, Dodaro S, Mauro MV, Greco F, Barca L, Paradiso R, Limone A, Garzi Cosentino M, Campione A, De Luca G, Cecere B, Greco S, Vangeli V, De Carlo E, Borriello G, Mastroianni A. First WGS Characterization of Streptococcus suis Isolated From a Case of Human Meningitis in Southern Italy. Transbound Emerg Dis 2024; 2024:4529326. [PMID: 40303126 PMCID: PMC12017127 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4529326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2025]
Abstract
This study is the first report in Italy on the molecular characterization by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis of a Streptococcus suis strain isolated from a human case of meningitis in Italy. The characterized S. suis strain was classified as a serotype 2 (SS2), multilocus sequence typing (MLST) sequence type ST1. The strain exhibited the presence of several virulence genes and resistance to penicillin, tetracycline and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin. Finally, we found a frameshift mutation in the gene mrp determining the translation of two truncated forms of the corresponding muramidase-release protein. These results highlight the importance of complete genomic data to understand the pathogenesis and epidemiology of this bacterium, capable to pose serious risks to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Fusco
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Southern Italy, Portici 8055, Italy
| | - Saveria Dodaro
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, “Annunziata” Hub Hospital, Cosenza 87100, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Greco
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, “Annunziata” Hub Hospital, Cosenza 87100, Italy
| | - Lorella Barca
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Southern Italy, Portici 8055, Italy
| | - Rubina Paradiso
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Southern Italy, Portici 8055, Italy
| | - Antonio Limone
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Southern Italy, Portici 8055, Italy
| | | | - Agata Campione
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Southern Italy, Portici 8055, Italy
| | - Giovanna De Luca
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Southern Italy, Portici 8055, Italy
| | - Bianca Cecere
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Southern Italy, Portici 8055, Italy
| | - Sonia Greco
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, “Annunziata” Hub Hospital, Cosenza 87100, Italy
| | - Valeria Vangeli
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, “Annunziata” Hub Hospital, Cosenza 87100, Italy
| | - Esterina De Carlo
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Southern Italy, Portici 8055, Italy
| | - Giorgia Borriello
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Southern Italy, Portici 8055, Italy
| | - Antonio Mastroianni
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, “Annunziata” Hub Hospital, Cosenza 87100, Italy
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Jiang S, Tan X, Shu F, Xu M, Cai J, Zhang H. Cochlear implantation for rare Streptococcus suis meningitis with hearing loss. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 281:5145-5151. [PMID: 38758241 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-024-08730-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the diagnostic sensitivity of 3D heavily weighted T2-weighted MRI (T2MRI) and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in patients with cochlear fibrosis associated with Streptococcus suis (S. suis) meningitis and the practicality of Cochlear implantation (CI) treatments. METHODS Between January 2020 and December 2022, we enrolled four patients with rare cochlear S. suis meningitis with associated hearing loss despite aggressive or non-aggressive follow-up antibiotic treatment. Clinical imaging data, surgical performances and post-surgical-electrode impedance were evaluated. RESULTS Combined with HRCT and T2MRI, the cochlea had varying degrees of fibrosis and ossification in different cases. However, the electrodes were successfully and wholly inserted after intraoperative removal of the ossified and fibrotic foci. Post-surgical electrode impedance values of MP1 + 2 mode were normal in all 4 cases at initial activation. CONCLUSION In patients with S. suis meningitis and associated cochlear fibrosis, T2MRI examination of the inner ear was more sensitive than HRCT. This research highlights the feasibility of CI treatment in S. suis meningitis patients with severe cochlear fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue Middle Road, Guangzhou, 510282, China
- Ear Institude of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Xinyuan Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue Middle Road, Guangzhou, 510282, China
- Ear Institude of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Fan Shu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue Middle Road, Guangzhou, 510282, China
- Ear Institude of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Muqing Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue Middle Road, Guangzhou, 510282, China
- Ear Institude of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Jieqing Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue Middle Road, Guangzhou, 510282, China
- Ear Institude of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Hongzheng Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue Middle Road, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
- Ear Institude of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
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Vaikutyte-Ramanauskiene R, Puslys T, Pukenyte E, Mickiene A. The first case of invasive S. suis infection in a human in Lithuania: Case report and literature review. IDCases 2024; 37:e02050. [PMID: 39220425 PMCID: PMC11363833 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e02050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that can cause infections in pigs and humans, usually after ingestion of raw pork meat or wound contamination. We report the first S. suis meningitis and sepsis case in a human in Lithuania. 51 y.o. man with no relevant comorbidities, but with a history of alcohol abuse was admitted to the emergency department due to new-onset tonic-clonic seizures. The patient became agitated, aggressive and hypotensive, later sensible contact was lost (GCS of 8 points). Blood tests and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis were consistent with bacterial meningitis, thus ceftriaxone and ampicillin were empirically started. S. suis, susceptible to penicillin and ceftriaxone, was identified in blood and CSF cultures. The patient recovered without any immediate significant sequels, but later developed cognitive impairment. The route of infection for our patient was not clear because he had no contact with pigs or raw pork, although he lived in the countryside, helped farmers with non-pig related work, had some scabs on his shins and ate home-cooked pork. The paper presents the case report and review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Vaikutyte-Ramanauskiene
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Hospital, Baltijos str. 120, Kaunas LT-47144, Lithuania
| | - Tautvydas Puslys
- Department of Neurology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eivenių str. 2, Kaunas LT-50161, Lithuania
| | - Evelina Pukenyte
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Hospital, Baltijos str. 120, Kaunas LT-47144, Lithuania
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A.Mickevičiaus str. 9, Kaunas LT-44307, Lithuania
| | - Aukse Mickiene
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Hospital, Baltijos str. 120, Kaunas LT-47144, Lithuania
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A.Mickevičiaus str. 9, Kaunas LT-44307, Lithuania
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Razera RJ, Santos-Oliveira JV, Boaventura-Santos M, Almeida-Pontes V, Kanegae MY, Ardengh JC. A Rare Cause of Septicemia After Pork Meat Ingestion. Cureus 2024; 16:e62096. [PMID: 38989372 PMCID: PMC11235155 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis infection in humans occurs due to consuming raw or undercooked pork meat and after contact with pigs. The highest prevalence occurs in Southeast Asian countries, which have the largest pork industry. We report the first case of a 50-year-old healthy male patient from a rural area of São Paulo, Brazil, with septicemia from undercooked pork meat ingestion. The patient was diagnosed at the emergency department with septicemia and multiple organ dysfunctions, including streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Blood cultures yielded the growth of S. suis. The patient was treated with ceftriaxone and was maintained for two weeks, according to sensitivity tests. The outcome was favorable but developed deafness as a sequela. This report aims to give importance to recognizing this disease regarding typical signs and symptoms and occupational and epidemiological history.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matheus Boaventura-Santos
- Medicine, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, BRA
| | - Victor Almeida-Pontes
- Medicine, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, BRA
| | - Marcia Y Kanegae
- Rheumatology, Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, BRA
| | - Jose C Ardengh
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, BRA
- Image Diagnosis, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, BRA
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Jiang ZJ, Hong JC, Tang QX, Lin BW, Zhang WQ, Xia H, Yao XP. Streptococcus suis meningoencephalitis diagnosed with metagenomic next-generation sequencing: A case report with literature review. J Infect Chemother 2024; 30:544-547. [PMID: 37992864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a pathogen of emerging zoonotic diseases and meningoencephalitis is the most frequent clinical symptom of S. suis infection in humans. Rapid diagnosis of S. suis meningoencephalitis is critical for the treatment of the disease. While the current routine microbiological tests including bacterial culture and gram staining are poorly sensitive, diagnosis of S. suis meningoencephalitis by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has been rarely reported. Here, we report a 52-year-old female pork food producer with a broken finger developed S. suis meningoencephalitis. After her admission, no pathogenic bacteria were detected through bacterial culture and Gram staining microscopy in the cerebrospinal fluid obtained via lumbar puncture. However, mNGS identified the presence of S. suis in the sample. mNGS is a promising diagnostic tool for rapid diagnosis of rare infectious diseases in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zai-Jie Jiang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Jian-Chen Hong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Qing-Xi Tang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Bi-Wei Lin
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Wei-Qing Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Han Xia
- Hugobiotech Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Ping Yao
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China; Department of Neurology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China.
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Liu T, Liu H, Jia Y. Streptococcus suis meningitis in China: a case report. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1369703. [PMID: 38808002 PMCID: PMC11130402 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1369703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Streptococcus suis is one of the porcine pathogens that have recently emerged as a pathogen capable of causing zoonoses in some humans. Patients infected with S. suis can present with sepsis, meningitis, or arthritis. Compared to common pathogens, such as Meningococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae, S. suis infections in humans have been reported only rarely. Methods This case report described a 57-year-old man who presented with impaired consciousness and fever following several days of backache. He was a butcher who worked in an abattoir and had wounded his hands 2 weeks prior. The patient was dependent on alcohol for almost 40 years. S. suis was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid by metagenomic next-generation sequencing. Although he received adequate meropenem and low-dose steroid therapy, the patient suffered from bilateral sudden deafness after 5 days of the infection. The final diagnosis was S. suis meningitis and sepsis. Results The patient survived with hearing loss in both ears and dizziness at the 60-day follow-up. Discussion We reported a case of S. suis infection manifested as purulent meningitis and sepsis. Based on literature published worldwide, human S. suis meningitis shows an acute onset and rapid progression in the nervous system. Similar to bacterial meningitis, effective antibiotics, and low-dose steroids play important roles in the treatment of human S. suis meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hengfang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanjie Jia
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Wei W, Qiao Z, Qin D, Lan Y. Acute multiple brain infarctions associated with Streptococcus suis infection: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:447. [PMID: 38671388 PMCID: PMC11046750 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is one of the most common zoonotic pathogens, in humans and can cause meningitis, endocarditis, arthritis and sepsis. Human cases of Streptococcus suis infection have been reported worldwide, and most of those cases occurred in Asia. Hearing loss is the most common sequela of Streptococcus suis meningitis. Streptococcus suis infection complicated with acute cerebral infarction has rarely been reported. Therefore, to provide a reference for this disease, we reported a case of acute multiple brain infarctions associated with Streptococcus suis infection. In our report, a 69yearold male patient had Streptococcus suis meningitis and sepsis, which were associated with multiple acute cerebral infarctions in the pons and bilateral frontotemporal parietal occipital lobes. After treatment, the patient exhibited cognitive impairment, dyspraxia and irritability. There are limited case reports of cerebral infarction associated with Streptococcus suis infection, and further research is needed to determine the best treatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Wei
- Department of Neurology, Minzu Hospital Affiliated of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, China
| | - Zhenhu Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Minzu Hospital Affiliated of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, China
| | - Donghua Qin
- Department of Neurology, Minzu Hospital Affiliated of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, China
| | - Yu Lan
- Department of Neurology, Minzu Hospital Affiliated of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, China.
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Shen B, Tong L, Qiu J, Zhong J, Tong Z, Li X. Suppurative Meningitis Complicated with Arthritis Caused by Streptococcus Suis Infection: A Case Report. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:561-569. [PMID: 38375100 PMCID: PMC10875338 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s416341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a common gram-positive bacterium in pigs. Its natural infection sites are the upper respiratory tract (especially tonsils and nasal cavity), reproductive tract and digestive tract of pigs. It is a new emerging human and animal disease. A co-morbid pathogen that can cause serious infections in humans, including meningitis, sepsis, septic arthritis, and sometimes deafness. No cases have been reported in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China. Case Presentation A 50-year-old male patient who had Worked as a butcher in a slaughterhouse for 20 years. Admitted to the hospital due to abdominal pain, joint pain, fever, and headache.His condition rapidly worsened causing altered consciousness, drowsiness and developed hearing loss. S. suis induced pyogenic meningitis complicated by arthritis was suspected based on the results of biochemical and culture analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid, and metagenomic next-generation sequencing, The patient's symptoms significantly improved after treatment with antibiotics such as ceftriaxone, meropenem, and linezolid, as well as supportive therapies including steroids and hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and his hearing improved significantly.After about 2 years of follow-up, the hearing was significantly better than before, but hearing impairment still remained. Conclusion Streptococcus suis is endemic in pork-consuming and pig-raising countries, but can occur throughout the world, especially among individuals with occupational exposure to pigs and/or pork, such as slaughterhouse workers, butchers, farmers, etc. Strengthen science education among key groups. This case was diagnosed as Streptococcus suis meningitis combined with arthritis. However, abdominal pain in the early stage of the disease is very rare and is easy to be misdiagnosed. It is necessary to identify whether it is complicated by peritonitis. For hearing loss caused by Streptococcus suis infection, the use of hyperbaric oxygen chamber treatment has obvious therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine Research and Translation for Infectious Diseases, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luyuan Tong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine Research and Translation for Infectious Diseases, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Qiu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine Research and Translation for Infectious Diseases, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Zhong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine Research and Translation for Infectious Diseases, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaowei Tong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine Research and Translation for Infectious Diseases, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine Research and Translation for Infectious Diseases, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313000, People’s Republic of China
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Wang L, Sun J, Zhao J, Bai J, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Zhang W, Wang C, Langford PR, Liu S, Li G. A CRISPR-Cas12a-based platform facilitates the detection and serotyping of Streptococcus suis serotype 2. Talanta 2024; 267:125202. [PMID: 37734291 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is an economically important zoonotic pathogen that causes septicemia, arthritis, and meningitis in pigs and humans. S. suis serotype 2 is responsible for substantial economic losses to the swine industry and poses a serious threat to public health, and accurate and rapid detection is important for the prevention and control of epidemic disease. In this study, we developed a high-fidelity detection and serotyping platform for S. suis serotype 2 based on recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas12a system called Cards-SSJ/K. Cards-SSJ had a detection limit of 10 CFU, takes <60 min, and no cross-reaction was found with other S. suis serotypes, closely related Streptococcus spp., or common pig pathogens, and Cards-SSK could differentiate serotype 2 from serotype 1/2. Results from Cards-SSJ and qPCR were equivalent in detecting S. suis serotype 2 in tissue samples. Analysis indicated that despite a relatively high reagent cost compared to PCR and qPCR, Cards-SSJ was less time-consuming and had low requirements for equipment and personnel. Thus, it is an excellent method for point-of-care detection for S. suis serotype 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang, 830052, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Jiyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jieyu Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang, 830052, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Wanjiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Chunlai Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, W2 1NY, United Kingdom
| | - Siguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China.
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China.
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12
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Weldearegay YB, Brogaard L, Nerlich A, Schaaf D, Heegaard PMH, Valentin-Weigand P. Transcriptional Host Responses to Infection with Streptococcus suis in a Porcine Precision-Cut Lung Slice Model: Between-Strain Differences Suggest Association with Virulence Potential. Pathogens 2023; 13:4. [PMID: 38276150 PMCID: PMC10820225 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a porcine and zoonotic pathogen in the upper respiratory tract, expressing different capsular serotypes and virulence-associated factors. Given its genomic and phenotypic diversity, the virulence potential of S. suis cannot be attributed to a single factor. Since strong inflammatory response is a hallmark of S. suis infection, the objective of this study was to investigate the differences in transcriptional host responses to two serotype 2 and one serotype 9 strains. Both serotypes are frequently found in clinical isolates. We infected porcine precision-cut lung slices (PCLSs) with two serotype 2 strains of high (strain S10) and low (strain T15) virulence, and a serotype 9 strain 8067 of moderate virulence. We observed higher expression of inflammation-related genes during early infection with strains T15 and 8067, in contrast to infection with strain 10, whose expression peaked late. In addition, bacterial gene expression from infected PCLSs revealed differences, mainly of metabolism-related and certain virulence-associated bacterial genes amongst these strains. We conclude that the strain- and time-dependent induction of genes involved in innate immune response might reflect clinical outcomes of infection in vivo, implying rapid control of infection with less virulent strains compared to the highly virulent strain S10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenehiwot Berhanu Weldearegay
- Institute for Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany; (Y.B.W.); (A.N.); (D.S.)
| | - Louise Brogaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Section for Protein Science and Biotherapeutics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (L.B.); (P.M.H.H.)
| | - Andreas Nerlich
- Institute for Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany; (Y.B.W.); (A.N.); (D.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Désirée Schaaf
- Institute for Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany; (Y.B.W.); (A.N.); (D.S.)
| | - Peter M. H. Heegaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Section for Protein Science and Biotherapeutics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (L.B.); (P.M.H.H.)
- Department of Health Technology, Experimental & Translational Immunology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Valentin-Weigand
- Institute for Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany; (Y.B.W.); (A.N.); (D.S.)
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13
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Lou F, Huang H, Li Y, Yang S, Shi Y. Investigation of the inhibitory effect and mechanism of epigallocatechin-3-gallate against Streptococcus suis sortase A. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad191. [PMID: 37634082 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Streptococcus suis seriously harms people and animals, and importantly, causes great economic losses in the pig industry. Similar to most Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria, sortase A (SrtA) of S. suis can mediate the anchoring of a variety of virulence factors that contain specific sorting sequences to the surface of the bacterial cell wall envelope and participate in pathogenicity. The purpose of this study is to clarify the molecular mechanism of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) inhibiting S. suis SrtA and provide more evidence for the development of novel anti-S. suis infections drugs. METHODS AND RESULTS Through the SrtA substrate cleavage experiment, we found that the main component of green tea, EGCG, can effectively inhibit the enzyme activity of S. suis SrtA. Further, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were used to clarify the molecular mechanism of its inhibitory effect, demonstrating that EGCG mainly interacts with amino acids at 113 and 115 to exert its inhibitory function. It was previously found that EGCG can inhibit the growth of S. suis and reduce the activity of suilysin and inhibit its expression. Our research reveals a new function of EGCG in S. suis infection. CONCLUSIONS Our research proves that EGCG can effectively inhibit the transpeptidase activity of SrtA. We also clarify the accompanying molecular mechanism, providing more sufficient evidence for the use of EGCG as a potential lead compound against S. suis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaping Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Yangqian Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin, China
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14
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Chaiden C, Jaresitthikunchai J, Phaonakrop N, Roytrakul S, Kerdsin A, Nuanualsuwan S. Unlocking the Secrets of Streptococcus suis: A peptidomics comparison of virulent and non-virulent serotypes 2, 14, 18, and 19. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287639. [PMID: 37384746 PMCID: PMC10310009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an important bacterial pathogen, that causes serious infections in humans and pigs. Although numerous virulence factors have been proposed, their particular role in pathogenesis is still inconclusive. The current study explored putative peptides responsible for the virulence of S. suis serotype 2 (SS2). Thus, the peptidome of highly virulent SS2, less prevalent SS14, and rarely reported serotypes SS18 and SS19 were comparatively analyzed using a high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method (LC-MS/MS). Six serotype-specific peptides, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate N-acetyltransferase (DapH), alanine racemase (Alr), CCA-adding enzyme (CCA), peptide chain release factor 3 (RF3), ATP synthase subunit delta (F0F1-ATPases) and aspartate carbamoyltransferase (ATCase), were expressed moderately to highly only in the SS2 peptidome with p-values of less than 0.05. Some of these proteins are responsible for bacterial cellular stability; especially, Alr was highly expressed in the SS2 peptidome and is associated with peptidoglycan biosynthesis and bacterial cell wall formation. This study indicated that these serotype-specific peptides, which were significantly expressed by virulent SS2, could serve as putative virulence factors to promote its competitiveness with other coexistences in a particular condition. Further in vivo studies of these peptides should be performed to confirm the virulence roles of these identified peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadaporn Chaiden
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Center of Excellence for Food and Water Risk Analysis (FAWRA), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Janthima Jaresitthikunchai
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology for Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Narumon Phaonakrop
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology for Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology for Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Suphachai Nuanualsuwan
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Center of Excellence for Food and Water Risk Analysis (FAWRA), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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15
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Chen S, Li R, Wang X, Liu Y, Kou Z, Wang Q. Case report: One human Streptococcus suis occurred in Shandong Province, China. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32414. [PMID: 36595836 PMCID: PMC9794236 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus suis (S suis) is a major pathogen of bacterial infectious diseases, which can be transmitted to human beings through close contact with sick pigs or carriers, and can cause toxic shock, meningitis, septicemia, pneumonia, and other complications, with an extremely high mortality and disability rate. S suis is also an emerging zoonotic agent, mainly occurring in China, Thailand, and the Netherlands. This seriously threatens the health and family economy of patients. CASE PRESENTATION A 75-year-old man presented with a 1-day history of fever, vomiting, coughing, chills, and unconsciousness. He was admitted with the diagnosis sepsis and intracranial infection. At admission, hematologic studies showed a leukocyte count of 23.45 × 109/L with 91% neutrophils. Chest computed tomography revealed double pneumonia. Blood cultures grew small colonies, which were identified as S suis. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that the pathogen was susceptible to levofloxacin. And then, treatment with levofloxacin was implemented. Epidemiological investigations showed that the patient had eaten pork from a sick pig. When a patient with bacterial infection has a history of eating pork from sick pigs, human S suis infection should be taken seriously. CONCLUSION Although human S suis infection generally presents as a sporadic disease, its high burden highlights the importance of epidemiological surveillance and health education regarding human S suis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Chen
- College of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Renpeng Li
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- College of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Zengqiang Kou
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Weifang Medical University, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Wang, Department of Epidemiology, Weifang Medical University, No. 7166 Baotong West street, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China (e-mail: ) and Zengqiang Kou, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China (e-mail: )
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16
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Zhao E, Wang D, Zhao Z, Xie L, He X, Huang P, Ouyang F, Wen G, Huang S, Guan Y. The value of next-generation sequencing for the diagnosis of Streptococcus suis meningitis. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2022; 68:1663-1667. [PMID: 36449790 PMCID: PMC9779970 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20220632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the value of next-generation sequencing for the diagnosis of Streptococcus suis meningitis. METHODS Patients with meningitis in the Department of Neurology of the Hainan General Hospital were recruited and divided into a next-generation sequencing group and a control group. In the next-generation sequencing group, we used the next-generation sequencing method to detect the specific pathogenic bacteria in the patients. In the control group, we used the cerebrospinal fluid bacterial culture method to detect the specific pathogenic bacteria in the patients. RESULTS A total of 28 participants were recruited for this study, with 14 participants in each group. The results showed similarities in both the average age and average course of the disease between the two groups (p>0.05). The white blood cell count, percentage of neutrophils, and level of C-reactive protein in the next-generation sequencing group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p<0.05). There were similarities in both the temperature and intracranial pressure between the two groups (p>0.05). In the next-generation sequencing group, all patients (100%) were detected as having had the S. suis meningitis infection by next-generation sequencing, while only 6 (43%) patients in the control group had been detected as having the S. suis meningitis infection by cerebrospinal fluid bacterial culture. CONCLUSIONS The positive detection rate of S. suis by the next-generation sequencing method was significantly higher compared with using a cerebrospinal fluid bacterial culture. Therefore, the next-generation sequencing method is valuable for the diagnosis of S. suis meningitis and is worthy of clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eryi Zhao
- Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Department of Neurology – Hainan, China.,Corresponding author: ;
| | - Daimei Wang
- Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Department of Pharmacy – Hainan, China.,Corresponding author: ;
| | - Zhongyan Zhao
- Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Department of Neurology – Hainan, China
| | - Ling Xie
- Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Department of Neurology – Hainan, China
| | - Xiangying He
- Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Department of Neurology – Hainan, China
| | - Peijian Huang
- Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Department of Neurology – Hainan, China
| | - Feng Ouyang
- Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Department of Neurology – Hainan, China
| | - Guoqiang Wen
- Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Department of Neurology – Hainan, China
| | - Shixiong Huang
- Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Department of Neurology – Hainan, China.,Corresponding author: ;
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17
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Osei EK, Mahony J, Kenny JG. From Farm to Fork: Streptococcus suis as a Model for the Development of Novel Phage-Based Biocontrol Agents. Viruses 2022; 14:1996. [PMID: 36146802 PMCID: PMC9501460 DOI: 10.3390/v14091996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections of livestock threaten the sustainability of agriculture and public health through production losses and contamination of food products. While prophylactic and therapeutic application of antibiotics has been successful in managing such infections, the evolution and spread of antibiotic-resistant strains along the food chain and in the environment necessitates the development of alternative or adjunct preventive and/or therapeutic strategies. Additionally, the growing consumer preference for "greener" antibiotic-free food products has reinforced the need for novel and safer approaches to controlling bacterial infections. The use of bacteriophages (phages), which can target and kill bacteria, are increasingly considered as a suitable measure to reduce bacterial infections and contamination in the food industry. This review primarily elaborates on the recent veterinary applications of phages and discusses their merits and limitations. Furthermore, using Streptococcus suis as a model, we describe the prevalence of prophages and the anti-viral defence arsenal in the genome of the pathogen as a means to define the genetic building blocks that are available for the (synthetic) development of phage-based treatments. The data and approach described herein may provide a framework for the development of therapeutics against an array of bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Kuffour Osei
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
- Food Bioscience, Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Mahony
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - John G. Kenny
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
- Food Bioscience, Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
- VistaMilk SFI Research Centre, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
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18
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Chen YY, Xue XH. Coinfection of Streptococcus suis and Nocardia asiatica in the human central nervous system: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:6283-6288. [PMID: 35949818 PMCID: PMC9254212 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i18.6283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an anthropozoonotic pathogen that shows clinical manifestations of meningitis, septicemia, and arthritis in infected humans. Nocardia is another type of anthropozoonotic bacteria, with clinical manifestations of skin, lung, and brain abscesses in infected humans. Few intracranial infections caused by S. suis or Nocardia have been reported. To the best of our knowledge, no study has reported a patient with simultaneous intracranial infection by S. suis and Nocardia.
CASE SUMMARY A 66-year-old male presented at Liaocheng People’s Hospital (Liaocheng, Shandong Province, China) reporting dizziness with nausea and vomiting. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) was performed on cerebrospinal fluid for examination, and the patient was diagnosed with suppurative meningitis caused by S. suis infection. He received anti-infection treatment with penicillin sodium and ceftriaxone. The patient’s condition initially improved but then deteriorated. Further mNGS of cerebrospinal fluid revealed both S. suis and Nocardia. Imaging examination revealed a brain abscess. Furthermore, a mixed infection of S. suis and Nocardia was detected in the patient’s central nervous system. The patient was treated with antibiotics and sulfamethoxazole. He was discharged after his condition improved.
CONCLUSION This case shows that the disease can be recurrent in patients with intracranial infection of a rare pathogen. The possibility of mixed infection should also be considered, especially in patients treated with immunosuppressive agents. mNGS of cerebrospinal fluid is a supplement to conventional microbial pathogen identification methods. Patients with unknown pathogen diagnosis, early extensive use of antibiotics and infection with rare pathogens can be diagnosed by the combination of conventional methods and mNGS of cerebrospinal fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Chen
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin-Hong Xue
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, Shandong Province, China
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19
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Savcheniuk MO, Tarasov OA, Zakharova OM, Korniienko LY, Zotsenko VM, Tsarenko TM. Detection of Streptococcus suis using the optimized real-time polymerase chain reaction protocol. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.15421/022221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The article presents the results of studies on the detection of Streptococcus suis by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Isolation and species identification of the studied isolates of streptococci was carried out according to morphological, cultural, biochemical and biological properties by conventional methods. The study of cultural characteristics of growth was carried out using conventional bacteriological methods on the brain heart infusion broth (BHI) and BHI agar with the addition of 5% sheep blood (blood BHI agar). To confirm biochemical properties as a confirmatory method, API 20 STREP test kit (bioMerieux, France) was used. In addition, to differentiate S. suis from the non-pathogenic species of streptococci, the hemolysis test was used. As a result of the studies, it was found that the use of the real-time PCR (polymerase chain reaction) method makes it possible to detect S. suis in an amount of 1 x 104 genome copies in the sample. All described validation parameters for the qualitative detection of S. suis DNA by real-time PCR meet international requirements, which guarantees accurate and reliable results. In Ukraine only a diagnostic test kit for convential PCR has been developed for the detection of swine streptococcosis. This approach is more time consuming and complex in comparison with the real-time PCR approach. We recommend that diagnostic laboratories implement this method in their practice. This will increase the number of effective diagnostic tools available to veterinarians on pig farms when they order laboratory tests. The high analytical sensitivity limit of a test is an essential parameter when screening is the focus, and obtaining false negative results causes a risk of the development of infection process among pig populations within infected herds. Our study showed that microbiological diagnostic methods to determine morphological and cultural properties can identify S. suis at the genus level. Determination of biochemical properties using the API 20 STREP test kit can be used to identify S. suis 1 and 2 serotypes. The conventional method and real-time PCR have 100% specificity and can be used to identify S. suis of different serotypes. Real-time PCR is a 2 to 4 times more sensitive limit than conventional PCR depending on the serotype being studied, and can be used to more accurately identify streptococcal DNA. It was found that the use of the real-time PCR method makes it possible to detect S. suis in an amount of 1 x 104 copies of the genome in the sample. Additionally, it was found that all the studied validation parameters of the qualitative method for determining S. suis DNA by real-time PCR meet international requirements, which guarantees accurate and reliable results.
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20
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Xu L, Wang X, Lei Z, Zhu J, Pang Y, Liu J. Spinal canal infection caused by Streptococcus suis in human: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:369. [PMID: 35413851 PMCID: PMC9003998 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07353-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus suis is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that mainly causes meningitis, sepsis, arthritis, endocarditis, and endophthalmitis in human. To the best of our knowledge, Spinal canal infection caused by Streptococcus suis has rarely been reported. Case presentation Here we report a case of spinal canal infection caused by Streptococcus suis in a 50-year-old male patient. The patient had a history of close contact with sick pigs days before disease onset. Initially he presented with headache and fever. After admission, the patient began to experience lower back pain, which led physicians to perform a lumber puncture. Meta-genomic next generation sequencing helped identify Streptococcus suis in the cerebrospinal fluid. MRI imaging indicated a spinal canal infection caused by Streptococcus suis. Conclusions Spinal canal infection is an uncommon disease of Streptococcus suis infection. This case report indicates that people presented with fever, headache and lower back pain should also be suspected as Streptococcus suis infection, especially for those who have had a history of sick pig contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lejia Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ziying Lei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianyun Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yihua Pang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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21
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Li Z, Xu M, Hua X. Endogenous endophthalmitis caused by Streptococcus suis infection: a case report. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:165. [PMID: 35397509 PMCID: PMC8994891 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02389-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an emerging zoonotic human pathogen, which commonly causes meningitis and sepsis. Ocular infections associated with S. suis infection are very rare. Herein, we reported a rare case of a man who developed endophthalmitis complicated by meningitis following S. suis infection. Case presentation A 48-year-old male with a fever, loss of vision in the right eye, slight headache, and hearing loss in the right ear was admitted to our hospital. A comprehensive ophthalmological examination suggested endophthalmitis. The metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) results of pathogenic microorganisms from vitreous and cerebrospinal fluid samples revealed that the causative pathogen was S. suis, which was further confirmed by the bacterial culture of the vitreous sample. Subsequently, the patient received phacoemulsification and vitrectomy, combined with silicone oil tamponade, as well as local and systemic anti-infective therapy, after which his condition significantly improved. Conclusions Despite the low incidence rate of endophthalmitis caused by S. suis, clinicians should be aware of relevant clinical manifestations, especially for patients with neurological symptoms and risk factors for S. suis infection. The next-generation sequencing is efficient for etiological diagnosis of pathogenic microorganisms.
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22
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Zhang Y, Liu X, Liu H, Zhang C. Acute Myocardial Infarction as an Initial Symptom of Streptococcus suis Infection: A Case Report. Int Med Case Rep J 2021; 14:783-788. [PMID: 34819755 PMCID: PMC8608246 DOI: 10.2147/imcrj.s335355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) infection, a zoonotic infection with a global distribution, is clinically manifested by meningitis, followed by sepsis, infective endocarditis and arthritis. S. suis infection is not uncommon, but acute myocardial infarction (AMI), as an initial symptom, has not yet been reported. We report a case of S. suis infection with AMI as an initial symptom. The patient, a previously healthy butcher with no known risk factors for AMI, was admitted to hospital with a sudden onset of AMI. Then, thrombolytic therapy, anticoagulation therapy with nadroparin calcium and antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and ticagrelor were adopted. Two days later, blood cultures in aerobic and anaerobic bottles were positive for S. suis and he received antibiotic therapy with piperacillin/tazobactam. Then, his symptoms improved and he was transferred to a special infectious disease hospital for further treatment and was discharged upon complete recovery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of AMI as the initial symptom of S. suis infection, which illustrates a possible new symptom of this important pathogen. For AMI patients with unexplained infections, and who are in close frequent contact with pigs and/or pork products, clinicians should be alert to the possibility of S. suis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Clinical Medical College of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmei Liu
- Department of Cardiac Intensive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongsheng Liu
- Department of Cardiac Intensive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272029, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunying Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Intensive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272029, People's Republic of China
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Xie Y, Ruan B, Lang G, Zhu B. Case Report: Streptococcus Suis Meningitis Diagnosed in a HIV-Infected Patient With Cryptococcal Meningitis Using Next-Generation Sequencing. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:736064. [PMID: 34778300 PMCID: PMC8581154 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.736064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Streptococcus suis has been recognized as a zoonotic pathogen that may cause infections in humans. Although rarely described, it is not surprising that both cryptococcal and streptococcus suis meningitis infections can co-exist in a HIV-infected patient with a low CD4 count. However, a fast and accurate diagnose of meningitis of multipathogenic infections is challenging. In this report, we describe such a case of a HIV-infected patient with meningitis of multipathogenic infections. Case Presentation: The patient was a 34-year-old Chinese male who was diagnosed with cryptococcal meningitis and HIV at the same time about 1 year ago. During the same time period, he had received (with good compliance) fluconazole and tenofovir-lamivudine- dolutegravir based antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, symptom of progressively worsening occipital headache appeared after he was exposed to a truck which was used for transporting pigs. Initial workup indicated an increase of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure (OP) and an increase in the number of lymphocytes and proteins in CSF. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan revealed that partial cerebellar surface enhancement. The cryptococcus capsular antigen test of CSF was positive. The results of the India Ink microscopy for cryptococcus, nucleic acid of CMV and EBV and mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) tests of CSF were negative. The results of the bacteria and fungi smear and culture of CSF were also negative. Eventually, streptococcus suis was detected using next-generation sequencing (NGS) in CSF. The diagnosis of Streptococcus suis meningitis was made based on the patient's contact history with carrier pigs and the clinical findings addressed above. The treatment of 2 weeks of intravenous ceftriaxone and 1 week of oral moxifloxacin resulted in improvement of the condition of CSF. The anti-fungal treatment using fluconazole continued until the CFS OP went down to a normal level and the cryptococcus capsular antigen test of CSF was negative 6 months later. Conclusion: This case highlights that NGS might be beneficial to HIV-infected patients who have meningitis with negative CSF culture results. Multiple etiologies for such condition in the immunocompromised patients must be taken into consideration and early stage NGS is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirui Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Ruan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanjing Lang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Biao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Jiang X, Zhu L, Zhan D. Development of a recombinase polymerase amplification assay for rapid detection of Streptococcus suis type 2 in nasopharyngeal swab samples. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 102:115594. [PMID: 34871933 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2), an emerging zoonotic pathogen, may induce severe infections and symptoms manifested as septicemia, meningitis and even death both in human and pigs. The aim of this article was to develop a new methodology as real-time recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) assay targeting cps2J gene for the detection of SS2 (or SS1/2). The sensitivity and reproducibility of RT-RPA results were evaluated and compared with a real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The established RT-RPA reaction could be completed in 20 minutes with distinguishable specificity against the predominant S. suis infection serotypes of 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 14, and 31. Lower detection limit for RT-RPA was 102 genomic DNA copies per reaction. The specimen performance of RT-RPA was tested in nasopharyngeal swab samples with the sensitivity and specificity as 97.5% and 100%, respectively. Thus, this RT-RPA method is a rapid and potential molecular diagnostic tool for SS2 detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowu Jiang
- Medical School of Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Active Component of Natural Drugs, Poster-Doctoral Research Center, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Lexin Zhu
- Medical School of Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dongbo Zhan
- Medical School of Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
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Zhu Y, Zhu F, Bo L, Fang Y, Shan X. A rare case of meningitis and septicemia caused by Streptococcus suis in a woman without a history of live pig contact or eating raw pork. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:2007-2012. [PMID: 34559387 PMCID: PMC8460845 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00619-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a zoonotic pathogen that primarily inhabits the upper respiratory tract of pigs. Therefore, pigs that carry these pathogens are the major source of infection. Most patients are infected through contact with live pigs or unprocessed pork products and eating uncooked pork. S. Suis mainly causes sepsis and meningitis. The disease has an insidious onset and rapid progress. The patient becomes critically ill and the mortality is high. In this case report, we described a rare case of S. suis isolated from a middle-aged woman in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province, China, who did not have any contact with live pigs and had not eaten uncooked pork. S. Suis was isolated from both the patient’s blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital), No 365 Renmin East Road, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fang Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital), No 365 Renmin East Road, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Lihong Bo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital), No 365 Renmin East Road, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yinfei Fang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital), No 365 Renmin East Road, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoyun Shan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital), No 365 Renmin East Road, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
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26
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Zhao E, Wang D, Li N, Huang S, Zhao Z, Hu S, He X, Wen G. Clinical study on the diagnosis of porcine streptococcal meningitis with negative blood and cerebrospinal fluid culture by next-generation sequencing. Eur J Med Res 2021; 26:85. [PMID: 34344456 PMCID: PMC8330088 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-021-00554-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus suis (Ss) is a Gram-positive and anaerobic zoonotic pathogen that is susceptible to all populations and can cause meningitis, septicemia, endocarditis and arthritis in humans. Methods In this study, patients with meningitis who were admitted to our hospital with negative blood and cerebrospinal fluid culture were divided into a next-generation sequencing group and a control group. In the next-generation sequencing group, we used the next-generation sequencing method to detect pathogenic bacteria in the patients’ cerebrospinal fluid. In the control group, we used blood and cerebrospinal fluid bacterial culture method to detect pathogenic bacteria in the patients' cerebrospinal fluid. The detection rates of pathogenic bacteria in the cerebrospinal fluid of the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results A total of 18 patients were included in this study, including 8 patients in the next-generation sequencing group and 10 patients in the control group. The mean age (P = 0.613) and mean disease duration (P = 0.294) were similar in both groups. Patients in the next-generation sequencing group had a leukocyte count of 13.13 ± 4.79 × 109, a neutrophil percentage of 83.39 ± 10.36%, and a C-reactive protein level of 134.95 ± 107.69 mg/L. Patients in the control group had a temperature of 38.32 ± 1.07, a leukocyte count of 8.00 ± 2.99 × 109, and a neutrophil percentage of 74.61 ± 8.89%, and C-reactive protein level was 4.75 ± 6.8 mg/L. The statistical results showed that the leukocytes (P = 0.013) and C-reactive protein levels (P = 0.001) were significantly higher in the patients of the next-generation sequencing group than in the control group. No statistically significant differences were seen in body temperature and neutrophil percentage between the two groups (P > 0.05). The incidence of intracranial pressure and meningeal irritation signs were similar in the two groups (P > 0.05). The detection rate of Streptococcus suis in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients in the next-generation sequencing group was 100%, and the detection rate of Streptococcus suis in the cerebrospinal fluid of the control group was 0%. Conclusion The detection rate of Streptococcus suis infection in cerebrospinal fluid by next-generation sequencing was significantly higher than that by blood and cerebrospinal fluid bacterial culture. Therefore, the diagnosis of porcine streptococcal meningitis by next-generation sequencing method is worthy of clinical promotion and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eryi Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affilicated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Daimei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affilicated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Qianjiang Central Hospital of Chongqing, No. 63 of Road 9, Chengxi Street, Qianjiang District, Chongqing, 409099, China.
| | - Shixiong Huang
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affilicated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Zhongyan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affilicated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Shijun Hu
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affilicated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Xiangying He
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affilicated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Guoqiang Wen
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affilicated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
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27
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Glajzner P, Szewczyk EM, Szemraj M. Pathogenicity and drug resistance of animal streptococci responsible for human infections. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70. [PMID: 33750514 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria of the genus Streptococcus, earlier considered typically animal, currently have also been causing infections in humans. It is necessary to make clinicians aware of the emergence of new species that may cause the development of human diseases. There is an increasing frequency of isolation of streptococci such as S. suis, S. dysgalactiae, S. iniae and S. equi from people. Isolation of Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex bacteria has also been reported. The streptococcal species described in this review are gaining new properties and virulence factors by which they can thrive in new environments. It shows the potential of these bacteria to changes in the genome and the settlement of new hosts. Information is presented on clinical cases that concern streptococcus species belonging to the groups Bovis, Pyogenic and Suis. We also present the antibiotic resistance profiles of these bacteria. The emerging resistance to β-lactams has been reported. In this review, the classification, clinical characteristics and antibiotic resistance of groups and species of streptococci considered as animal pathogens are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Glajzner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Eligia Maria Szewczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szemraj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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28
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Annexin A1 Attenuates Neutrophil Migration and IL-6 Expression through Fpr2 in a Mouse Model of Streptococcus suis-Induced Meningitis. Infect Immun 2021; 89:IAI.00680-20. [PMID: 33318141 PMCID: PMC8097268 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00680-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is a crucial pathogenic cause of bacterial meningitis, a life-threatening disease with neurological sequelae and high rates of mortality. Inflammation triggered by S. suis infection must be precisely regulated to prevent further tissue damage. Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is a crucial pathogenic cause of bacterial meningitis, a life-threatening disease with neurological sequelae and high rates of mortality. Inflammation triggered by S. suis infection must be precisely regulated to prevent further tissue damage. As a glucocorticoid anti-inflammatory mediator, annexin A1 (AnxA1) mainly acts through formyl peptide receptor 2 (Fpr2) to alleviate inflammation in the peripheral system. In this study, we evaluated the roles of AnxA1 and Fpr2 in a mouse model of S. suis meningitis created via intracisternal infection in Fpr2-deficient (Fpr2−/−) and wild-type (WT) mice. We revealed that Fpr2−/− mice were highly susceptible to S. suis meningitis, displaying increased inflammatory cytokine levels, bacterial dissemination, and neutrophil migration compared with WT mice. Additionally, AnxA1 exerted anti-inflammatory effects through Fpr2, such as attenuation of leukocyte infiltration, inflammatory mediator production, and astrocyte or microglial activation in the brain. Importantly, we found that the antimigratory function of AnxA1 decreases neutrophil adherence to the endothelium through Fpr2. Finally, an in vitro study revealed that AnxA1 potentially suppresses interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression through the Fpr2/p38/COX-2 pathway. These data demonstrated that Fpr2 is an anti-inflammatory receptor that regulates neutrophil migration in mice with S. suis meningitis and identified AnxA1 as a potential therapeutic option.
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29
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Sun Q, Li N, Jia L, Guo W, Jiang H, Liu B, Bao C, Liu M, Huang J, Lei L. Ribosomal Protein SA-Positive Neutrophil Elicits Stronger Phagocytosis and Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation and Subdues Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Secretion Against Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 11:585399. [PMID: 33603733 PMCID: PMC7884477 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.585399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2), an important zoonotic pathogen that causes septicemia, arthritis, and irreversible meningitis in pigs and humans, can be transmitted to humans from pigs. S. suis causes huge economic losses to the swine industry and poses a serious threat to public health. Previously, we found that the brain tissues of mice with SS2-induced meningitis showed disrupted structural integrity and significantly enhanced polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) infiltration. We showed that the brain tissues of SS2-infected mice had increased ribosomal protein SA (RPSA)-positive PMN counts. However, the inflammatory responses of RPSA+ PMNs to SS2 and their effects on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) remain unclear. Therefore, in studying the pathogenesis of SS2-induced meningitis, it is essential that we explore the functions of RPSA+ PMNs and their effects on the BBB. Herein, using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy analyses, we found that RPSA expression enhances PMN-induced phagocytosis and PMN-induced formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which facilitate further elimination of bacteria. PMN surface expression of RPSA also alleviates local inflammation and tissue injuries by inhibiting secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6. Moreover, the single-cell BBB model showed that RPSA disrupts BBB integrity by downregulating expression of tight junction-associated membrane proteins on PMNs. Taken together, our data suggest that PMN-surface expression of RPSA is a double-edged sword. RPSA+ PMN owns a stronger ability of bacterial cleaning and weakens inflammatory cytokines release which are useful to anti-infection, but does hurt BBB. Partly, RPSA+ PMN may be extremely useful to control the infection as a therapeutic cellular population, following novel insights into the special PMN population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Sun
- The Laboratory Department of First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenfei Guo
- The Laboratory Department of First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hexiang Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Baijun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chuntong Bao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- The Laboratory Department of First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Huang
- The Laboratory Department of First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liancheng Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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30
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Zhang X, Wu Z, Wang K. Diagnosis of Streptococcus suis Meningoencephalitis with metagenomic next-generation sequencing of the cerebrospinal fluid: a case report with literature review. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:884. [PMID: 33238913 PMCID: PMC7687824 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05621-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus suis meningoencephalitis is a zoonotic disease that mostly infects slaughterhouse workers. Rapid diagnosis of Streptococcus suis meningoencephalitis is critical for effective clinical management of this condition. However, the current diagnostic techniques are not effective for early diagnosis of this condition. To the best of our knowledge, the use of cerebrospinal fluid metagenomic next generation sequencing in the diagnosis of Streptococcus suis meningoencephalitis has been rarely reported. Case presentation Here, we report a case of Streptococcus suis meningoencephalitis in a 51-year-old female patient. The patient had a history of long-term contact with pork and had a three-centimeter-long wound on her left leg prior to disease onset. Conventional tests, including blood culture, gram staining and cerebrospinal fluid culture, did not reveal bacterial infection. However, Streptococcus suis was detected in cerebrospinal fluid using metagenomic next generation sequencing. Conclusions Metagenomic next generation sequencing is a promising approach for early diagnosis of central nervous system infections. This case report indicates that cases of clinical meningeal encephalitis of unknown cause can be diagnosed through this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital Of Changde City, 818 Renmin Road, Changde, 415000, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Zhaoping Wu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital Of Changde City, 818 Renmin Road, Changde, 415000, Hunan Province, China
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31
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Liu Y, Wang H, Gao J, Wen Z, Peng L. Cryptotanshinone ameliorates the pathogenicity of Streptococcus suis by targeting suilysin and inflammation. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:736-744. [PMID: 32750224 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Streptococcus suis is a highly zoonotic pathogen that is a serious threat to human health and the development of the pig industry worldwide. The virulence factors produced during S. suis infection play an important role, and the pore-forming activity of suilysin is considered an important virulence-related factor, especially in meningitis. Treatment of S. suis infection with traditional antibiotics is becoming increasingly challenging due to bacterial resistance. The purpose of this study is to verify the role of cryptotanshinone in the process of S. suis infection and provide a new drug precursor for the treatment of S. suis infection. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we used circular dichroism spectroscopy to demonstrate that cryptotanshinone alters the secondary structure of suilysin. The results of the antibacterial activity and haemolysis assays showed cryptotanshinone could inhibit the pore-forming activity of suilysin without affecting bacterial growth or its expression. We also showed that cryptotanshinone reduces bacterial damage and penetration in vitro, reduce the S. suis-induced inflammatory response and provide protection against bacterial infections in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Cryptotanshinone is a potential compound precursor for treating S. suis infection. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Cryptotanshinone may be a promising leading compound for S. suis infection and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - H Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - J Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Z Wen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - L Peng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Tools for Molecular Epidemiology of Streptococcus suis. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9020081. [PMID: 32012668 PMCID: PMC7168656 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9020081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases caused by Streptococcus suis are a significant economic and welfare concern in pigs as well as in humans. Several molecular methods have been applied to investigate S. suis strain diversity and identify phylogenetic groups. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), commonly used to differentiate between S. suis strains, has been instrumental in identifying that the species is genetically highly diverse. Recent advances in whole-genome analysis have resulted in schemes permitting the classification of S. suis populations as pathogenic or non-pathogenic, or disease-associated or non-disease associated. Here, we review these and other molecular approaches that can be used for surveillance, outbreak tracking, preventative health management, effective treatment and control, as well as vaccine development, including PCR based-assays that are easy to apply in modest diagnostic settings and which allow for the rapid screening of a large number of isolates at relatively low cost, granting the identification of several major clonal complexes of the S. suis population.
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