|
1
|
Williams SC, Navas-Acien A, Goessler W, Verney SP, Erdei E, Buchwald D, Suchy-Dicey A, Best LG. Urinary selenium, cranial MRI, and cognitive function in American Indians: The Strong Heart Study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2025; 269:120913. [PMID: 39842758 PMCID: PMC11896783 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.120913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2025] [Accepted: 01/19/2025] [Indexed: 01/24/2025]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Selenium (Se), a trace element found in soil and groundwater, is necessary for many biological functions, including cerebrovascular health, through selenoprotein formation. However, high concentrations may be harmful. American Indians face elevated cerebrovascular disease rates, which may be associated with other trace elements, such as Se. This cohort study evaluates associations of Se levels with brain health in older American Indians. METHODS The Strong Heart Study is a longitudinal cohort of American Indians, with comprehensive medical assessments, including trace element exposure assessment. Urinary Se measurements, brain MRIs, and neuropsychological testing were available for 728 participants aged 65-95 at the time of brain MRI. We evaluated associations of urinary Se (divided by urinary creatinine to account for urine dilution) with MRI and neuropsychological tests and adjusted for potential confounders using linear regression models. RESULTS Increased urinary Se was significantly associated with abnormal sulcal atrophy, ventricular widening, and increased white matter hyperintensity volume but not independent of sociodemographic factors and common vascular co-morbidities. Increased urinary Se was also significantly and independently associated with decreased performance in verbal fluency and processing speed, independent of sociodemographics, vascular co-morbidities, depression, and traumatic brain injury. DISCUSSION These findings suggest urinary Se levels, particularly those above 50-60 μg Se/g creatinine, are associated with adverse structural brain findings on imaging and diminished cognitive health in older American Indians. This epidemiologic evidence may be useful for public health professionals in evaluating environmental risk, especially within the context of vulnerable populations and high Se intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C Williams
- Weill Cornell-Memorial Sloan Kettering-Rockefeller University Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, USA
| | - Walter Goessler
- Institute of Chemistry - Analytical Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitaetzplatz 1, A 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Steven P Verney
- University of New Mexico, Department of Psychology, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Esther Erdei
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Dedra Buchwald
- Washington State University Elson S Floyd College of Medicine, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Astrid Suchy-Dicey
- Washington State University Elson S Floyd College of Medicine, Spokane, WA, USA; Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Lyle G Best
- Missouri Breaks Industries Research Inc, Eagle Butte, SD, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Vinceti M, Mazzoli R, Wise LA, Veneri F, Filippini T. Calling for a comprehensive risk assessment of selenium in drinking water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2025; 966:178700. [PMID: 39923476 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2025] [Revised: 01/29/2025] [Accepted: 01/30/2025] [Indexed: 02/11/2025]
Abstract
In the last two decades, research has elucidated that selenium, a trace element, has both nutritional and toxicological effects on human health, depending on its dose and chemical form. Recent animal, laboratory, and human studies have shown harmful effects of certain selenium species at specific exposure levels, prompting the need to reassess overall exposure to this element, including that occurring through drinking water, a primary source of inorganic selenium. Drinking water selenium standards worldwide are scarce and existing standards are inconsistent, likely because they have been informed by an incomplete and outdated assessment of the scientific evidence. Incorporating all the available human and laboratory evidence into a precautionary regulatory framework indicates that a drinking water limit of around 5 μg/L of selenium is needed to protect human health, i.e. with an uncertainty factor of 2 versus the lowest adverse effect level observed in human studies, and that higher values may pose unacceptable risks to humans. Despite the rarity of such high levels of selenium in underground and potable waters, coal mining and other sources of environmental pollution as well as geological factors may raise drinking water selenium content above a safe threshold, triggering the need to protect consumers, and to face challenging technological issues for selenium removal, currently under active investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vinceti
- CREAGEN - Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Modena, Italy; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America.
| | - Riccardo Mazzoli
- CREAGEN - Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Modena, Italy
| | - Lauren A Wise
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Federica Veneri
- CREAGEN - Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Modena, Italy; Unit of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Filippini
- CREAGEN - Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Modena, Italy; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Wu L, Xin Y, Zhang J, Yang X, Chen T, Niu P. Associations between Metals, Serum Folate, and Cognitive Function in the Elderly: Mixture and Mediation Analyses. ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 2:865-874. [PMID: 39722838 PMCID: PMC11667285 DOI: 10.1021/envhealth.4c00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 12/28/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to metals may potentially impact cognitive health in the elderly; however, the evidence remains ambiguous. The specific role of serum folate in this relationship is also unclear. We aimed to evaluate the individual and joint impact of metals on cognition in the elderly from the United States and explore the potential mediating effect of serum folate. Data from the NHANES 2011-2014 were used, with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) employed to measure blood metal concentrations. Cognitive function was assessed using tests for immediate, delayed, and working memory: Immediate Recall test (IRT), the Delayed Recall test (DRT), the Animal Fluency test (AFT), and the Digit Symbol Substitution test (DSST). Generalized linear regression models (GLMs), Bayesian kernel machine regression model (BKMR), and quantile g-computation (QG-C) models were used to assess associations between metals (lead, cadmium, mercury, selenium, manganese) and cognition, with mediation analyses examining serum folate's involvement in metal effects. This study included 2002 participants aged ≥60. GLMs revealed the negative association between cadmium and the z-scores of IRT (β: -0.17,95% CI: -0.30, -0.04) and DSST (β: -0.15,95% CI: -0.27, -0.04), with negative effects also observed in the BKMR and QG-C models. Selenium displayed significantly positive association with cognition across various statistical models, including GLMs, QG-C, and BKMR. Serum folate played a mediating role in the effects of cadmium and selenium exposure on DSST z-scores, with a proportion of mediation of 17% and 10%, respectively. Our study assessed the impact of metal mixtures on cognition in the elderly population, finding that high selenium level was strongly associated with better cognitive performance, while cadmium was associated with lower cognitive function scores. Serum folate might partially mediate the association between cadmium, selenium, and DSST z-scores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luli Wu
- Department
of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public
Health, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China
| | - Ye Xin
- Department
of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public
Health, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China
| | - Junrou Zhang
- Department
of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public
Health, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department
of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public
Health, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China
| | - Tian Chen
- Department
of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public
Health, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China
| | - Piye Niu
- Department
of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public
Health, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Bai YZ, Li JM, Zhang SQ. A nonlinear association between total selenium intake and blood selenium concentration: An analysis based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018. J Food Sci 2024; 89:9955-9967. [PMID: 39558512 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 10/09/2024] [Indexed: 11/20/2024]
Abstract
Diets are the major sources of selenium (Se) and biomonitoring Se is used for the assessment of Se status. The present study explored the association between Se intake and blood Se concentration from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018 data for optimizing Se reference intakes among American adults and interpreted the data in the context of exposure guidance values. Weighted linear regression models were conducted to evaluate the association between Se intake and blood Se concentration. Restricted cubic spline models were employed to explore the dose-response association between total Se intake and blood Se concentration. Blood Se concentrations were compared to biomonitoring equivalents established for exposure guidance values. For gender, race, educational status, poverty income ratio, body mass index, smoking status, dietary Se intake, and total Se intake, significant differences were observed among quartiles of blood Se concentration. There was no significant difference for age and alcohol use. There was a positive association between dietary Se intake and blood Se concentration although the association was not statistically significant following the adjustments for covariates. When the associations between total Se intake and blood Se concentration were assessed, no statistically significant relationship was found. The restricted cubic spline supported a significant nonlinear association between total Se intake and blood Se concentration with/without the adjustments of covariates. The present work displayed a baseline for Se exposure among American adults. Considering the sex difference in dietary Se and blood Se concentration, it is necessary to establish gender-based Se reference intakes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Zhi Bai
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Meng Li
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang-Qing Zhang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
5
|
Bai YZ, Zhang SQ. Selenium intake is an effective strategy for the improvement of cognitive decline in low cognition older Americans. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2024; 75:687-694. [PMID: 39034505 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2024.2380758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Age-related cognitive decline is a prominent concern in older adults and selenium (Se) deficiency has been found to be associated with cognitive deficits. For the first time, the present study explored the association between Se intake and cognitive performance in older people with/without cognitive impairment using the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014. Weighted linear regression models were conducted to evaluate the association between dietary Se/total Se intakes and cognitive assessments. A total of 2387 participants were included. The significant positive association between dietary Se/total Se intakes and total scores of cognitive functioning tests existed only in the older people with low cognitive performance (p < 0.001), not in those with normal cognitive performance. In conclusion, Se intake was beneficial for cognitive decline only in the low cognition older people but failed in normal cognition older people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Zhi Bai
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang-Qing Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
6
|
Bai YZ, Gao YX, Zhang SQ. Identification of Factors on Blood Selenium Levels in the US Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:1734. [PMID: 38892667 PMCID: PMC11174933 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for humans and its low or high concentration in vivo is associated with the high risk of many diseases. It is important to identify influential factors of Se status. The present study aimed to explore the association between several factors (Se intake, gender, age, race, education, body mass index (BMI), income, smoking and alcohol status) and blood Se concentration using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2020 data. Demographic characteristics, physical examination, health interviews and diets were compared among quartiles of blood Se concentration using the Rao-Scott χ2 test. Se levels were compared between the different groups of factors studied, measuring the strength of their association. A total of 6205 participants were finally included. The normal reference ranges of blood Se concentration were 142.3 (2.5th percentile) and 240.8 μg/L (97.5th percentile), respectively. The mean values of dietary Se intake, total Se intake and blood Se concentration of the participants were 111.5 μg/day, 122.7 μg/day and 188.7 μg/L, respectively, indicating they were in the normal range. Total Se intake was the most important contributor of blood Se concentration. Gender, race, education status, income, BMI, smoking and alcohol status were associated with blood Se concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shuang-Qing Zhang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.-Z.B.); (Y.-X.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
7
|
Duan L, Su L, He X, Du Y, Duan Y, Xu N, Wu R, Zhu Y, Shao R, Unverzagt FW, Hake AM, Jin Y, Gao S. Multi-element Exposure and Cognitive Function in Rural Elderly Chinese. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1401-1410. [PMID: 37715918 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03774-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the relationship between selenium (Se) based multi-element combined exposure and cognitive function in rural elderly individuals, a cross-sectional study was conducted. The study involved 416 older adults aged 60 and above, residing in four different areas of Enshi county, China, with varying soil Se levels. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was employed to measure the concentrations of Se, copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb) in whole blood. Nine standard cognitive tests were applied to assess cognitive function. Analysis of the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression (LASSO), covariance (ANCOVA), and generalized linear model (GLM) were utilized to investigate the relationship between element exposure and cognitive function. The results of LASSO revealed that Se, Cu, Fe, Zn, Ca, and Pb were independently identified to be associated with cognition. Both ANCOVA and GLM demonstrated that Se and Ca were correlated with cognitive function. The multi-element model showed higher composite Z scores of 0.32 (95% CI: 0.09 to 0.55) for log-transformed Se (P = 0.007), 0.75 (95% CI: 0.01 to 1.49) for log-transformed Cu (P = 0.048), and a lower score of - 0.67 (95% CI: - 1.26 to - 0.08) for log-transformed Ca (P = 0.025). Furthermore, there was evidence that Se could counteract the negative impact of Ca on cognitive function (P for interaction = 0.031). Our findings suggested that higher levels of Se and Cu were associated with better cognitive function in the elderly and Se can counteract the cognitive damage caused by Ca.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Duan
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Liqin Su
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Xiaohong He
- Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Yegang Du
- Shenzhen Academy of Metrology & Quality Inspection, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Yanying Duan
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Ning Xu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Rangpeng Wu
- Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhu
- Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Ranqi Shao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Frederick W Unverzagt
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Ann M Hake
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Yinlong Jin
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Sujuan Gao
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
|
8
|
Ryoo SW, Choi BY, Son SY, Oh KH, Min JY, Min KB. Association between Multiple Trace Elements, Executive Function, and Cognitive Impairment with No Dementia in Older Adults. Nutrients 2024; 16:1001. [PMID: 38613034 PMCID: PMC11013674 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Many studies suggest a significant association between individual essential trace elements (ETEs) and cognitive impairment in older adults, but evidence of the synchronized effect of multiple ETEs on cognitive function is lacking. We investigated the association between multiple ETEs, cognitive impairment with no dementia (CIND), and executive function in older Korean adults, using the Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model. Three hundred and thirty-six older adults were included as the study population and classified as the CIND and control groups. Blood manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), and molybdenum (Mo) were measured as relevant ETEs. The frontal/executive tests included digit symbol coding (DSC), the Korean color word Stroop test (K-CWST), a controlled oral word association test (COWAT), and a trial-making test (TMT). Overall, the BKMR showed a negative association between multiple ETEs and the odds of CIND. Mn was designated as the most dominant element associated with the CIND (PIP = 0.6184), with a U-shaped relationship. Cu and Se levels were positively associated with the K-CWST percentiles (β = 31.78; 95% CI: 13.51, 50.06) and DSC percentiles (β = 25.10; 95% CI: 7.66, 42.53), respectively. Our results suggest that exposure to multiple ETEs may be linked to a protective mechanism against cognitive impairment in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Woo Ryoo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; (S.-W.R.)
| | - Baek-Yong Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; (S.-W.R.)
| | - Seok-Yoon Son
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; (S.-W.R.)
| | - Kun-Hee Oh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; (S.-W.R.)
| | - Jin-Young Min
- Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul 05368, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Bok Min
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; (S.-W.R.)
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
|
9
|
Porro C, Benameur T, Cianciulli A, Vacca M, Chiarini M, De Angelis M, Panaro MA. Functional and Therapeutic Potential of Cynara scolymus in Health Benefits. Nutrients 2024; 16:872. [PMID: 38542782 PMCID: PMC10974306 DOI: 10.3390/nu16060872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/03/2025] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplements enriched with bioactive compounds represent a promising approach to influence physiological processes and enhance longevity and overall health. Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus serves as a functional food supplement with a high concentration of bioactive compounds, which offers various health-promoting benefits. Several chronic diseases have metabolic, genetic, or inflammatory origins, which are frequently interconnected. Pharmacological treatments, although effective, often result in undesirable side effects. In this context, preventive approaches are gaining increased attention. Recent literature indicates that the consumption of bioactive compounds in the diet can positively influence the organism's biological functions. Polyphenols, well-known for their health benefits, are widely recognized as valuable compounds in preventing/combating various pathologies related to lifestyle, metabolism, and aging. The C. scolymus belonging to the Asteraceae family, is widely used in the food and herbal medicine fields for its beneficial properties. Although the inflorescences (capitula) of the artichoke are used for food and culinary purposes, preparations based on artichoke leaves can be used as an active ingredient in herbal medicines. Cynara scolymus shows potential benefits in different domains. Its nutritional value and health benefits make it a promising candidate for improving overall well-being. C. scolymus exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, liver-protective, bile-expelling, antimicrobial, and lipid-lowering neuroprotective properties. Different studies demonstrate that oxidative stress is the leading cause of the onset and progression of major human health disorders such as cardiovascular, neurological, metabolic, and cancer diseases. The large amount of polyphenol found in C. scolymus has an antioxidant activity, enabling it to neutralize free radicals, preventing cellular damage. This reduces the subsequent risk of developing conditions such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, these polyphenols demonstrate anti-inflammatory activity, which is closely associated with their antioxidant properties. As a result, C. scolymus has the potential to contribute to the treatment of chronic diseases, including intestinal disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative pathologies. The current review discussed the nutritional profiles, potential benefits, and pharmacological effects of C. scolymus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Porro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Tarek Benameur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Antonia Cianciulli
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Mirco Vacca
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.V.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Margherita Chiarini
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.V.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.V.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Maria Antonietta Panaro
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
|
10
|
Mateo D, Marquès M, Torrente M. Metals linked with the most prevalent primary neurodegenerative dementias in the elderly: A narrative review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116722. [PMID: 37487923 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The ageing population has been steadily increasing worldwide, leading to a higher risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Environmental toxicants, particularly metals, have been identified as modifiable risk factors for cognitive impairment. Continuous exposure to metals occurs mainly through dietary sources, with older adults being particularly vulnerable. However, imbalances in the gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis, have also been associated with dementia. A literature review was conducted to explore the potential role of metals in the development of cognitive decline and the most prevalent primary neurodegenerative dementias, as well as their interaction with the gut microbiota. High levels of iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) are associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), while low selenium (Se) levels are linked to poor cognitive status. Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) is associated with elevated levels of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn), but the role of copper (Cu) remains unclear. The relationship between metals and Lewy body dementia (LBD) requires further investigation. High aluminium (Al) exposure is associated with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and elevated selenium (Se) levels may be linked to its onset. Challenges in comparing studies arise from the heterogeneity of metal analysis matrices and analytical techniques, as well as the limitations of small study cohorts. More research is needed to understand the influence of metals on cognition through the gut microbiota (GMB) and its potential relevance in the development of these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Mateo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology - TecnATox, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain
| | - Montse Marquès
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology - TecnATox, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain
| | - Margarita Torrente
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology - TecnATox, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain; Department of Psychology, CRAMC (Research Center for Behaviour Assessment), Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Crta. de Valls s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; Institute Lerin Neurocognitive, Alzheimer and other Neurocognitive Disorders Association, Av. D'Antoni Planas i Marca, 13, 43205, Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
|
11
|
Luo J, Su L, He X, Du Y, Xu N, Wu R, Zhu Y, Wang T, Shao R, Unverzagt FW, Hake AM, Jin Y, Gao S. Blood Selenium and Serum Glutathione Peroxidase Levels Were Associated with Serum β-Amyloid in Older Adults. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:3679-3687. [PMID: 36370334 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03480-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have established the association between blood β-amyloid (Aβ) levels and Alzheimer's disease, but population-based studies concerning the association between selenium (Se) and Aβ levels in blood samples are very limited. Therefore, we explored the association in an elderly population with Se status and serum Aβ measures. METHODS A cross-sectional study on 469 elderly individuals from four rural counties with diverse soil Se levels was carried out. Fasting blood Se, serum selenoprotein P (SELENOP), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), serum Aβ42, and Aβ40 were measured. Quantile regression models were used to determine the associations of blood Se, serum GPX, and SELENOP with Aβ levels. RESULTS Significant negative associations were observed between blood Se and serum Aβ42 and Aβ40 levels at all percentiles (P < 0.05). The associations were generally stronger at higher Aβ42 and Aβ40 percentiles than lower Aβ42 and Aβ40 percentiles. Blood Se was positively associated with serum Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio at 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles. Significant positive associations were observed between serum GPX and Aβ42 and Aβ40 levels at all percentiles (P < 0.05). The positive associations were generally stronger at higher Aβ42 and Aβ40 percentiles than at lower percentiles. Serum GPX was negatively associated with Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio at 25th, 50th, 75th, and 95th percentiles. No associations with serum SELENOP and Aβ levels were observed. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that higher Se levels are associated with lower serum Aβ42 and Aβ40 levels and with higher Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, and the results are specific for different selenoproteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Luo
- CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Liqin Su
- CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Xiaohong He
- Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Yegang Du
- Academy of Metrology & Quality Inspection, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Ning Xu
- CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Rangpeng Wu
- Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhu
- Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Ting Wang
- CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ranqi Shao
- CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Frederick W Unverzagt
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Ann M Hake
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Yinlong Jin
- CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Sujuan Gao
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-2872, USA
| |
Collapse
|
|
12
|
Revisiting the Role of Vitamins and Minerals in Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020415. [PMID: 36829974 PMCID: PMC9952129 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia that affects millions of individuals worldwide. It is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by memory loss, impaired learning and thinking, and difficulty in performing regular daily activities. Despite nearly two decades of collective efforts to develop novel medications that can prevent or halt the disease progression, we remain faced with only a few options with limited effectiveness. There has been a recent growth of interest in the role of nutrition in brain health as we begin to gain a better understanding of what and how nutrients affect hormonal and neural actions that not only can lead to typical cardiovascular or metabolic diseases but also an array of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Vitamins and minerals, also known as micronutrients, are elements that are indispensable for functions including nutrient metabolism, immune surveillance, cell development, neurotransmission, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this review, we provide an overview on some of the most common vitamins and minerals and discuss what current studies have revealed on the link between these essential micronutrients and cognitive performance or AD.
Collapse
|
|
13
|
Varesi A, Campagnoli LIM, Carrara A, Pola I, Floris E, Ricevuti G, Chirumbolo S, Pascale A. Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants against Alzheimer's Disease: Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:180. [PMID: 36671042 PMCID: PMC9855271 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. Although substantial research has been conducted to elucidate the complex pathophysiology of AD, the therapeutic approach still has limited efficacy in clinical practice. Oxidative stress (OS) has been established as an early driver of several age-related diseases, including neurodegeneration. In AD, increased levels of reactive oxygen species mediate neuronal lipid, protein, and nucleic acid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic damage, and inflammation. Thus, the identification of novel antioxidant molecules capable of detecting, preventing, and counteracting AD onset and progression is of the utmost importance. However, although several studies have been published, comprehensive and up-to-date overviews of the principal anti-AD agents harboring antioxidant properties remain scarce. In this narrative review, we summarize the role of vitamins, minerals, flavonoids, non-flavonoids, mitochondria-targeting molecules, organosulfur compounds, and carotenoids as non-enzymatic antioxidants with AD diagnostic, preventative, and therapeutic potential, thereby offering insights into the relationship between OS and neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Varesi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Adelaide Carrara
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pola
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Floris
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ricevuti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Alessia Pascale
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
|
14
|
He Y, Yu J, Yu N, Chen R, Wang S, Wang Q, Tao F, Sheng J. Association Between the Ratios of Selenium to Several Elements and Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022:10.1007/s12011-022-03527-6. [PMID: 36580211 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03527-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the relationship between the correlation ratios of selenium (Se) and other elements and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among older adults. A total of 1000 individuals participated in our research analysis. The concentrations of elements in whole blood were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to reflect their exposure levels. Participants' cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between elemental ratios and MCI. Se concentration was positively correlated with red blood cell count (r = 0.219, p < 0.001), haemoglobin level (r = 0.355, p < 0.001), haematocrit (r = 0.215, p < 0.001), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (r = 0.294, p < 0.001) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (r = 0.428, p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with red cell volume distribution width-standard deviation (r = -0.232, p < 0.001) and platelet distribution width (r = -0.382, p < 0.001). Compared with the normal group, the ratios of Se/vanadium (V), Se/lead (Pb) and Se/cadmium (Cd) in the whole blood of the MCI group were significantly lower (all p < 0.001), while the ratios of manganese (Mn)/Se and iron (Fe)/Se were higher (all p < 0.001). The increase in the ratios of Se/V, Se/Pb and Se/Cd is related to a decreased risk of MCI among older adults; contrarily, an increase in the ratios of Mn/Se and Fe/Se may be a risk factor for MCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu He
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jinhui Yu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Nannan Yu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Rongrong Chen
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Sufang Wang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qunan Wang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Sheng
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
15
|
Abstract
Since the beginning of the 21st century, interest in vegan diets has been rapidly increasing in most countries. Misconceptions about vegan diets are widespread among the general population and health professionals. Vegan diets can be health-promoting and may offer certain important advantages compared to typical Western (and other mainstream) eating patterns. However, adequate dietary sources/supplements of nutrients of focus specific to vegan diets should be identified and communicated. Without supplements/fortified foods, severe vitamin B12 deficiency may occur. Other potential nutrients of focus are calcium, vitamin D, iodine, omega-3 fatty acids, iron, zinc, selenium, vitamin A, and protein. Ensuring adequate nutrient status is particularly important during pregnancy, lactation, infancy, and childhood. Health professionals are often expected to be able to provide advice on the topic of vegan nutrition, but a precise and practical vegan nutrition guide for health professionals is lacking. Consequently, it is important and urgent to provide such a set of dietary recommendations. It is the aim of this article to provide vegan nutrition guidelines, based on current evidence, which can easily be communicated to vegan patients/clients, with the goal of ensuring adequate nutrient status in vegans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Koeder
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hanover, Hanover, Germany
- Department of Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
|
16
|
Fei HX, Qian CF, Wu XM, Wei YH, Huang JY, Wei LH. Role of micronutrients in Alzheimer's disease: Review of available evidence. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:7631-7641. [PMID: 36158513 PMCID: PMC9372870 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i22.7631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorders that have been studied for more than 100 years. Although an increased level of amyloid precursor protein is considered a key contributor to the development of AD, the exact pathogenic mechanism remains known. Multiple factors are related to AD, such as genetic factors, aging, lifestyle, and nutrients. Both epidemiological and clinical evidence has shown that the levels of micronutrients, such as copper, zinc, and iron, are closely related to the development of AD. In this review, we summarize the roles of eight micronutrients, including copper, zinc, iron, selenium, silicon, manganese, arsenic, and vitamin D in AD based on recently published studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xin Fei
- Department of Pathology, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Chao-Fan Qian
- Department of Pathology, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiang-Mei Wu
- Department of Pathology, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yu-Hua Wei
- Department of Pathology, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jin-Yu Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Li-Hua Wei
- Department of Pathology, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
17
|
Pereira ME, Souza JV, Galiciolli MEA, Sare F, Vieira GS, Kruk IL, Oliveira CS. Effects of Selenium Supplementation in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment or Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153205. [PMID: 35956381 PMCID: PMC9370215 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of oxidative stress could cause and aggravate Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Selenium (Se) is a trace element with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity with neuroprotective effects. To evaluate the effects of Se supplementation in patients with AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) through a systematic review and meta-analysis, data were searched and collected from four electronic databases, including clinical trial studies published until December 2020, following the PRISMA guidelines. Statistical analysis was performed by RevMan, and the risk of bias was assessed using the Rob 2 tool. A total of 1350 scientific papers were collected, and following evaluation 11 papers were included in the systematic review and 6 of these were used in the meta-analysis. Studies that evaluated only Se supplementation observed an improvement in Se levels, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity, and in some cognitive tests in MCI patients; similarly, improvement in Se levels and mini-mental score was also observed in AD patients. Regarding supplementation of Se plus other nutrients, improvement in cognitive tests was observed in both AD and MCI patients. Therefore, Se supplementation is a good alternative for patients with AD and MCI for improving Se levels and GPX activity. More detailed studies are required to further evaluate the effects of Se on the cognitive deficit and oxidative stress associated with AD and MCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meire Ellen Pereira
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Rua Silva Jardim 1632, Curitiba 80250-060, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Avenida Iguaçu 333, Curitiba 80230-020, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Eduarda Andrade Galiciolli
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Rua Silva Jardim 1632, Curitiba 80250-060, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Avenida Iguaçu 333, Curitiba 80230-020, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sare
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Avenida Iguaçu 333, Curitiba 80230-020, Brazil
| | | | - Isabeli Lopes Kruk
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Avenida Iguaçu 333, Curitiba 80230-020, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Sirlene Oliveira
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Rua Silva Jardim 1632, Curitiba 80250-060, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Avenida Iguaçu 333, Curitiba 80230-020, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
|
18
|
Diet, Polyphenols, and Human Evolution. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12157805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although diet has contributed significantly to the evolution of human beings, the composition of the diet that has most affected this phenomenon is still an open issue. Diet has undoubtedly participated in the acquisition of the skills that underlie the differentiation of humans from other animal species and in this context the development of the nervous system has played a primary role. This paper aimed to: (1) outline the relationship between diet and human evolution; (2) evaluate how a variation in food consumption may have contributed to the enhancement of cognitive and adaptive capacities. The most widespread diet among the ancient populations that showed the highest levels of civilization (that is well-organized societies, using advanced technical tools, and promoting art and science) was very close to what is now defined as the Mediterranean diet. This suggests that a dietary approach typical of the Mediterranean basin (little meat and some fish; abundant cereals, legumes, fruit, vegetables and wine) significantly increased the intake of antioxidant molecules, including polyphenols, which along with other factors may have modulated the cognitive evolution of humans.
Collapse
|
|
19
|
Sasaki N, Carpenter DO. Associations between Metal Exposures and Cognitive Function in American Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042327. [PMID: 35206515 PMCID: PMC8871766 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive function frequently declines with older age, independently of the development of neurodegenerative diseases, and few interventions are known to counter this decline. Exposure to neurotoxic metals may contribute to this decline in cognitive function in older adults. Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data, the performance of 3042 adults aged 60 years and older on three cognitive tests for immediate, delayed, and working memory were examined in relation to blood concentrations of seven metals and metalloids and urinary concentrations of nineteen metals and metabolites. Using linear regression models, associations between cognitive tests and logarithms of metal exposures were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, education level, depression, diabetes, alcohol consumption, and cigarette use. Increased selenium was strongly associated with better performance on all three cognitive tests. Cadmium and lead were negatively associated with performance on all three cognitive tests. Some urinary metabolites of arsenic, urinary lead, cadmium, and tungsten were significantly associated with poor performance on some tests. In older adults, higher selenium levels were strongly associated with better cognitive performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Sasaki
- Department of Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (D.O.C.)
| | - David O. Carpenter
- Department of Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
- Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (D.O.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
20
|
Cheng BJ, Wang J, Meng XL, Sun L, Hu B, Li HB, Sheng J, Chen GM, Tao FB, Sun YH, Yang LS. The association between essential trace element mixture and cognitive function in Chinese community-dwelling older adults. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 231:113182. [PMID: 35026581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evidence about the effect of essential trace element (ETE) mixture on cognitive function amongst older adults is limited. This study aims to evaluate the associations of single ETEs and ETE mixture with cognitive function using a representative sample of community-dwelling older adults in China. METHODS A total of 3814 older adults were included in the study. Urinary concentrations of selenium (Se), vanadium (V), cobalt (Co), strontium (Sr), and molybdenum (Mo) were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cognitive function in older adults was assessed using the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Linear regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were performed to explore the associations of single ETEs and ETE mixture with cognitive function, respectively. RESULTS Linear regression showed that urinary levels of Se and V were positively associated with MMSE scores in the adjusted single-element models. BKMR also showed marginally positive associations of Se and V with MMSE scores. Moreover, higher urinary levels of ETE mixture were significantly associated with increased MMSE scores in a dose-response pattern, and Se was the most important contributor within the mixture. Both Se and V demonstrated positive additive effects on the associations of other ETEs with MMSE scores, whereas Co had a negative additive effect. CONCLUSIONS V and Se are positively associated with cognitive function, individually and as a mixture. ETE mixture exhibits a linear dose-response association with improved cognitive function, with Se being the most important component within the mixture. Mixture analyses rather than single ETE analyses may provide a real-world perspective on the relationship between ETE mixture and cognitive function. Further cohort studies are needed to clarify the association of multiple ETEs with cognitive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Jing Cheng
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xiang-Long Meng
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Fuyang Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Fuyang, Anhui 236069, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Fuyang Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Fuyang, Anhui 236069, China
| | - Huai-Biao Li
- Fuyang Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Fuyang, Anhui 236069, China
| | - Jie Sheng
- School of Public Health, Experimental Center for Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Gui-Mei Chen
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Fang-Biao Tao
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Ye-Huan Sun
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
| | - Lin-Sheng Yang
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
21
|
Vinceti M, Filippini T, Wise LA, Rothman KJ. A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of exposure to environmental selenium and the risk of type 2 diabetes in nonexperimental studies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111210. [PMID: 33895112 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence from both experimental and nonexperimental human studies in the last 15 years indicates that exposure to high levels of the trace element selenium increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. However, the relation of dose to effect is not well understood because randomized controlled trials used only one dose (200 μg/day) of selenium supplementation. While no new trial on this topic has been published since 2018, several nonexperimental studies have appeared. We therefore updated a previous meta-analysis to include recently published observational studies, and incorporated the recently developed one-stage random-effects model to display the dose-response relation between selenium and type 2 diabetes. We retrieved 34 potentially eligible nonexperimental studies on selenium and diabetes risk up to April 15, 2021. The bulk of the evidence indicates a direct relation between blood, dietary and urinary levels of selenium and risk of diabetes, but not with nail selenium, which may be considered a less reliable biomarker. The association was nonlinear, with risk increasing above 80 μg/day of dietary selenium. Whole blood/plasma/serum selenium concentrations of 160 μg/L corresponded to a risk ratio of 1.96 (95% CI 1.27-3.03) compared with a concentration of 90 μg/L (approximately 60 μg of daily selenium intake). The cohort studies, which are less susceptible to reverse causation bias, indicated increased risk for both blood and urine selenium levels and dietary selenium intake, whereas no such pattern emerged from studies relying on nail selenium content. Overall, the nonexperimental studies agree with findings from randomized controlled trials, indicating that moderate to high levels of selenium exposure are associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vinceti
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Tommaso Filippini
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lauren A Wise
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth J Rothman
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
|
22
|
McCarty MF, DiNicolantonio JJ, Lerner A. A Fundamental Role for Oxidants and Intracellular Calcium Signals in Alzheimer's Pathogenesis-And How a Comprehensive Antioxidant Strategy May Aid Prevention of This Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2140. [PMID: 33669995 PMCID: PMC7926325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and increased cytoplasmic calcium are key mediators of the detrimental effects on neuronal function and survival in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Pathways whereby these perturbations arise, and then prevent dendritic spine formation, promote tau hyperphosphorylation, further amplify amyloid β generation, and induce neuronal apoptosis, are described. A comprehensive program of nutraceutical supplementation, comprised of the NADPH oxidase inhibitor phycocyanobilin, phase two inducers, the mitochondrial antioxidant astaxanthin, and the glutathione precursor N-acetylcysteine, may have important potential for antagonizing the toxic effects of amyloid β on neurons and thereby aiding prevention of AD. Moreover, nutraceutical antioxidant strategies may oppose the adverse impact of amyloid β oligomers on astrocyte clearance of glutamate, and on the ability of brain capillaries to export amyloid β monomers/oligomers from the brain. Antioxidants, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and vitamin D, have potential for suppressing microglial production of interleukin-1β, which potentiates the neurotoxicity of amyloid β. Epidemiology suggests that a health-promoting lifestyle, incorporating a prudent diet, regular vigorous exercise, and other feasible measures, can cut the high risk for AD among the elderly by up to 60%. Conceivably, complementing such lifestyle measures with long-term adherence to the sort of nutraceutical regimen outlined here may drive down risk for AD even further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aaron Lerner
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
| |
Collapse
|