• Cellular angiofibroma
• Massive localized lymphedema of the morbidly obese
• Myointimoma
• Perineal nodular induration of the cyclist
• Proliferative funiculitis
• Prostatic stromal sarcoma
• Pseudosarcomatous myofibroblastic neoplasm
• Sclerosing rhabdomyoma

• Humans
• Male
• Scrotum/pathology
• Perineum/pathology
• Genital Neoplasms, Male/pathology
• Genital Neoplasms, Male/diagnosis
• Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
• Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Mesenchymoma/pathology
• Diagnosis, Differential

• case report
• prostate leiomyoma
• surgery
• systematic review
• therapeutic options

• Humans
• Male
• Leiomyoma/surgery
• Leiomyoma/diagnosis
• Leiomyoma/pathology
• Leiomyoma/diagnostic imaging
• Prostatic Neoplasms/surgery
• Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
• Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Hematuria/etiology
• Lasers, Solid-State/therapeutic use
• Middle Aged

• Humans
• Urogenital Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Urogenital Neoplasms/pathology
• Diagnosis, Differential
• Male

• lipofuscin
• pigment
• seminal vesicle

• Humans
• Male
• Diagnostic Errors/prevention & control
• Genital Diseases, Male/diagnosis
• Genital Diseases, Male/pathology
• Incidental Findings
• Seminal Vesicles/pathology
• Stromal Cells/pathology

• Stromal tumor of uncertain malignant potential
• definitive diagnosis
• dysuria
• hematuria
• histopathology
• magnetic resonance imaging
• prostatectomy
• robot-assisted surgery

• Adult
• Humans
• Male
• Diagnosis, Differential
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Prostate/pathology
• Prostate/surgery
• Prostate/diagnostic imaging
• Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood
• Prostatectomy
• Prostatic Hyperplasia/surgery
• Prostatic Hyperplasia/pathology
• Prostatic Hyperplasia/diagnostic imaging
• Prostatic Hyperplasia/diagnosis
• Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
• Prostatic Neoplasms/surgery
• Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
• Sarcoma/pathology
• Sarcoma/surgery
• Sarcoma/diagnosis
• Sarcoma/diagnostic imaging

• the Scientific Research Foundation of Peking University Shenzhen Hospital
• Shenzhen High-level Hospital Construction Fund and ‘San-ming' Project of Medicine in Shenzhen
• Science Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality

• dog
• mesenchymal tumour
• prostate
• stromal tumour of uncertain malignant potential

• Animals
• Dogs
• Male
• Dog Diseases/pathology
• Prostate/pathology
• Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit
• Soft Tissue Neoplasms/pathology
• Soft Tissue Neoplasms/veterinary

• LUTS
• dysuria
• leiomyosarcoma
• prostate
• prostate cancer
• sarcoma

• Paraganglioma
• neuroendocrine
• pheochromocytoma
• prostate
• tumor
• urinary tract.

• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Paraganglioma/diagnosis
• Paraganglioma/surgery
• Paraganglioma/pathology
• Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
• Prostatic Neoplasms/surgery
• Adult
• Aged

• Case report
• Leiomyosarcoma
• Prostate cancer
• Radiotherapy

• Humans
• Male
• Biomarkers, Tumor
• Urogenital Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Urogenital Neoplasms/pathology
• Prostate/pathology
• Urinary Bladder/pathology
• Kidney/pathology
• Diagnosis, Differential

• dysuria
• enlarged prostate
• holmium: yag laser
• surgical morcellation
• urethral leiomyoma

• Case report
• Diagnosis
• Immunohistochemistry
• Pathology
• Prostatic stromal sarcoma
• Stump

Although sclerosing adenopathy of the prostate is a very rare benign disease, an effective differential diagnosis is required. Here, we report the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical morphological features of 12 cases of sclerosing adenopathy of the prostate to improve understanding of the disease.

To investigate the clinicopathological features, diagnosis, and immunohistochemical phenotypes that distinguish prostate sclerosing adenopathy from other conditions.

The clinical data, laboratory tests, pathological morphology, and immunohistochemical phenotypes of 12 cases of prostatic sclerosing adenopathy were retrospectively analyzed, and the relevant literature was reviewed.

All patients were elderly men (mean age, 71.7 years; 62–83 years). Eleven of them had hematuria, urinary frequency, urinary urgency, difficulty in urination, and serum total prostate-specific antigen values within the normal range. One patient had increased blood pressure. Enlarged prostates with single to multiple calcifying foci were observed. Moreover, prostate tissue hyperplastic changes were observed in all patients. Small follicular hyperplastic nodules without an obvious envelope, with a growth pattern mimicking the infiltration pattern of "prostate adenocarcinoma" were noted. Basal cells expressed AR, CKH, P63, and CK5/6, and myoepithelial markers, such as calponin, S100, and smooth muscle actin. No recurrence or exacerbation of the lesions was observed, except for one case of death due to bladder cancer.

Prostatic sclerosing adenopathy is highly misdiagnosed as prostate adenocarcinoma or other tumor-like lesions. Therefore, it should attract the attention of clinicopathologic researchers.

• Clinicopathology
• Immunohistochemistry
• Prostate disease
• Sclerosing adenopathy

La tumeur fibreuse solitaire est une tumeur mésenchymateuse souvent bénigne et rare décrite pour la première fois dans la plèvre, la localisation prostatique est exceptionnelle. Nous rapportons le cas d´un patient de 77 ans qui a consulté pour symptômes du bas appareil urinaire à type de dysurie et pollakiurie. Le scanner et l´imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) ont montré l´origine prostatique de la lésion et précisé les rapports de cette masse avec les structures adjacentes saines, élément important pour la résécabilité de la tumeur. La biopsie transrectale avec une étude immunohistochimie ont confirmés le diagnostic, les cellules tumorales exprimaient le CD34, Bcl2 et CD 99. Le traitement était chirurgical par prostatectomie radicale.

• MRI
• Solitary fibrous tumor
• case report
• prostate
• prostatectomy

• Dedifferentiated carcinoma
• FH
• Fumarate hydratase
• Renal cell carcinoma
• SDH
• SDHB
• SMARCB1
• SWI/SNF
• Succinate dehydrogenase
• Undifferentiated carcinoma
• Urothelial carcinoma

• Magnetic resonance imaging
• Prostate
• Uncommon prostatic diseases

A prostatic stromal tumor is deemed to be a rare oncology condition. Based on the retrospective analysis of clinical data and scientific literature review, a case of prostatic stromal tumor was reported in this article to explore the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of this rare disease.

The present case involved an older male patient who was admitted to our department for a medical consultation of dysuria. Serum prostate-specific antigen was 8.30 ng/mL, Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging suggested evident enlargement of the prostate and multiple cystic developments internally. Considering that the patient was an elderly male with a poor health status, transurethral resection of the prostate was performed to improve the symptoms of urinary tract obstruction. Furthermore, based on histopathologic examination and immunohistochemical staining, the patient was pathologically diagnosed with prostatic stromal tumor. The patient did not receive any further adjuvant therapy following surgery leading to a clinical recommendation that the patient should be followed up on a long-term basis. However, during the recent follow-up assessment, the patient demonstrated recurrence of lower urinary tract symptoms and gross hematuria.

Referring to scientific literature review, we believe that the management of these lesions requires a thorough assessment of the patient. Furthermore, the treatment of prostate stromal tumors should be based on the imaging examination and pathological classification. Active surgical treatment is of great significance to the prognosis of patients, and subsequent surveillance after the treatment is warranted.

• Treatment
• Prostate stromal tumor
• Diagnosis
• Prognosis
• Prostatic cysts
• Case report

• Prostate
• nodular hyperplasia
• pathology
• phyllodes tumour
• stromal sarcoma

• pathology
• prostate cancer
• urological surgery

Primary mesenchymal lesions of the prostate are exceptionally rare. They comprise 1% of all prostatic neoplasms. Despite its rare location, the diagnosis of primary gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) of the prostate gland should never be missed. Such a diagnosis can be made after the rolling out of direct extension from adjacent organs, especially the rectum. GIST diagnosis has a clinical impact on patient treatment and clinical outcomes. They harbor a certain KIT activation mutation that responds to pharmacologic therapy inhibitors.

The objective of the current study was to provide a thorough review of GIST arising primarily in the prostate gland along with a comprehensive study of GIST pathogenesis, histologic morphology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular studies’ findings, and their importance in differentiating GIST from other prostate mesenchymal tumors. This will emphasize the role of careful spindle cell lesion diagnosis in the prostate gland that can influence the prognostic stratification of clinical management, future follow-up, and disease outcome.

Thirteen cases were collected after an extensive and detailed review of the English literature through PubMed, Medknow, Google Scholar, as well as personal experience.

The anatomic location of this lesion plays a significant role in the differential diagnosis. It is difficult to establish the accurate primary origin of GIST on core needle tissue biopsy. Thus, clinical, and radiological examinations play a crucial role in rolling out the possibility of rectal GIST secondarily invading and involving the prostate gland.

To conclude, primary prostatic GIST is a rare diagnosis. Extraintestinal, particularly rectal, GIST can clinically and radiologically mimic the impression of the prostatic lesion. Before diagnosing primary prostatic spindle cell lesions, such as solitary fibrous tumor (SFT), inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT), leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma, or prostatic stromal tumors, one should include CD117/c-Kit in the workup of a prostatic spindle cell lesion. GIST has distinct pathogenesis, and its diagnosis can have a clinical impact on the patient's management plan and clinical outcome.

• c-kit
• cd117
• gastrointestinal stromal tumor
• gist
• gleevec
• imatinib
• kit
• needle biopsy
• prostate
• prostatic

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms that have been infrequently documented in the prostate. In this case, a 78 year old man experiencing constipation and lower abdominal pain presented with a SFT arising from the prostatic fascia encompassing the dorsal vein complex and left neurovascular bundle. To our knowledge this is the first documented case of an SFT limited to the prostatic fascia and neurovascular tissues of the prostate. Using a prostate sparring approach we have been able to achieve favourable oncological and functional outcome.

• Prostate
• Solitary fibrous tumor

• Malignant solitary fibrous tumor
• Prostate
• Prostatic stromal sarcomas
• STAT6
• Solitary fibrous tumor
• Stromal tumors of uncertain malignant potential

• Diagnosis
• Immunohistochemistry
• Prognosis
• Prostate
• Solitary fibrous tumor

• Case report
• Genitourinary sarcoma
• Multimodal treatment
• Prostate leiomyosarcoma

• prostate
• leiomyoma
• magnetic resonance imaging

• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Humans
• Image-Guided Biopsy
• Leiomyoma/diagnostic imaging
• Leiomyoma/pathology
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Interventional
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
• Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
• Ultrasonography, Interventional

• Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
• Humans
• Leiomyosarcoma/diagnosis
• Leiomyosarcoma/drug therapy
• Leiomyosarcoma/pathology
• Leiomyosarcoma/radiotherapy
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Neoadjuvant Therapy
• Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
• Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
• Prostatic Neoplasms/radiotherapy

• immunohistochemistry
• leiomyosarcoma
• prognosis
• prostate
• sarcoma

•

Prostatic stromal sarcomas account for about 0.1% of all prostatic malignancies.

Prostatic stromal sarcomas account for about 0.1% of all prostatic malignancies. Local recurrence into bladder, seminal vesicles and rectum has been documented. Distal metastasis, has so far only been reported in lung and bone.

We report the case of a 42 year old man with a subcutaneous metastatic deposit of a prostatic stromal cell sarcoma 5 years after radical prostatectomy. Additional staging with CT- and PET-scan showed lymph node involvement in the neck and left axilla. A core biopsy of the skin lesion was undertaken, of which the histology revealed a low grade spindle cell tumour that was morphologically identical to a previously diagnosed prostatic stromal sarcoma.

In literature distant metastases to the lung and bone have been documented before. This is the first documented case of a subcutaneous metastasis of prostatic stromal cell sarcoma.

The preferred treatment for prostatic stromal cell sarcoma is surgery by radical prostatectomy or cystoprostatectomy. There is currently not enough literature on the topic to elucidate the role of chemo- or radiotherapy in loco-regional or distant spread.

• Malignancy
• Metastasis
• Prostate
• Sarcoma
• Skin
• Stromal tumours of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP)

Primary leiomyosarcoma of the prostate (PLSOP) is rare, with less than 200 cases reported so far. PLSOPs present with lower urinary tract symptoms, haematuria, and perineal pain; may or may not be associated with a history of previous treatment for adenocarcinoma of prostate by means of radiotherapy and or hormonal treatment; may afflict children and adult male. Examination may reveal benign enlarged prostate and hard enlarged mass. PLSOPs may be diagnosed by histological examination findings of spindle-shaped carcinoma cells in prostate specimens. Immunohistochemical staining tends to be positive for vimentin, CD44, smooth muscle actin, and calponin, focally positive for desmin, and at times positive for keratin. They stain negatively for PSA, S-100, CD34, CD117, and cytokeratin. Cytogenetic study on primary leiomyosarcoma of the prostate gland may show clonal chromosomal rearrangement involving Chromosomes 2, 3, 9, 11, and 19. On the whole the prognosis is poor. Surgery with or without chemotherapy would appear to be the mainstay of treatment for PLSOPs that are operable, but generally there is no consensus opinion on the best therapeutic approach. Most cases of PLSOPs are diagnosed in an advanced stage of the disease. A global multicenter trial is required to find therapies that would improve the prognosis.

Carcinosarcoma (CS) or Sarcomatoid carcinoma (SC) of the prostate is a very rare malignant tumor of the prostate having an aggressive clinical course and dismal prognosis. The adenocarcinomatous element is usually of the acinar type and closely admixed with a sarcomatous component. We report a case of α-methyl–CoA-racemase (AMACR)-negative pseudohyperplastic variant of adenocarcinoma in CS. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no published case reports of this variant in CS till date. An accurate diagnosis is essential as this uncommon, aggressive cancer has limited therapeutic options

• carcinosarcoma prostate
• pseudohyperplastic variant
• α-methyl–CoA-racemase

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are an unusual and heterogeneous group of spindle cell tumors that can also appear on the exterior of the gastrointestinal tract (extra-GISTs). Despite the fact that extra-GISTs or large rectal GISTs can lead to the clinical impression of a prostatic mass, these tumors are, in general, excluded in the differential diagnosis of spindle cell tumors observed on prostate needle biopsy. Here, we present, in detail, a case of an extra-GIST identified on prostatic biopsy; the tumor was previously believed to be a primary prostatic stromal sarcoma in the differential diagnosis. Every investigator should check for KIT (CD117) in immunohistochemical staining to rule out an extra-GIST prior to diagnosing a solitary prostatic tumor, specialized prostatic stromal tumor, or leiomyosarcoma on prostate needle biopsy.

• Gastrointestinal stromal tumors
• Prostate

• Pechlin
• calculus mendax
• microscope
• pathology
• prostate surgery
• von Hammen

• History, 17th Century
• Humans
• Male
• Netherlands
• Poland
• Prostatectomy/history
• Prostatic Neoplasms/history
• Prostatic Neoplasms/surgery
• Urinary Calculi/history
• Urinary Calculi/surgery

Extragastrointestinal stromal tumors (EGISTs) are relatively rare soft tissue neoplasms arising from the extra gastrointestinal tract. The current study presents a case of primary EGIST of the prostate observed in a 55-year-old male. Imaging studies showed a 10×10.5×9.5-cm prostate mass. On histological observation, the mass was separated from the rectum serosa and exhibited a high mitotic count (8/50 high-power fields). The results of immunohistochemical staining showed positive immunoreactivity for cluster of differentiation (CD)117 (c-kit), CD34 and DOG1 in the tumor. On mutation analysis, loss of heterozygosity of the c-kit gene was observed in the prostatic EGIST; however, the platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRA) gene was considered to be normal. Therefore, as EGIST of the prostate is rare, there is a requirement for the confirmation of the diagnosis to be based on immunohistochemistry and mutation analysis (of c-kit and PDGFRA).

• c-kit
• extragastrointestinal stromal tumors
• platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α
• prostate