Dietary restriction or exercise regimens can promote weight loss or physical fitness among patients with obesity. However, intervention-associated adverse effects may impede patients' motivation to participate in dietary/exercise interventions. We examined the effects of time restricted eating (TRE) with or without resistance training (RT) on body composition, mood profile, and sleep quality in young college adults with overweight or obesity.

Fifty-four young college students with overweight/obesity were randomized into control (CON), TRE, RT, and TRE plus RT (TRE+RT) trials. The TRE trials restricted to an eating window of 10-hour/day for 8-week. The RT trials performed supervised resistance exercise, while the control trial maintained a regular lifestyle. Changes in body composition variables, blood pressure, mood status, and sleep quality were measured before and after the intervention.

TRE intervention alone or in combination with RT significantly (p < 0.01) decreased body weight (>2 kg) and BMI (~1 kg/m2) in adults with overweight/obesity. Both RT alone and combined with TRE substantially decreased fat mass by 1.1 ± 0.5 and 3.2 ± 0.4 kg, respectively. The decreased fat mass was greater in the combination trial than in the RT trial, whereas TRE alone had no effect. In contrast, fat-free mass was significantly (p < 0.01) decreased with TRE (-2.3 ± 06 kg), increased with RT (1.6 ± 0.3 kg), and was stably maintained with combination interventions. The reduced waist and hip circumferences in the TRE (p < 0.01) were similar to those in the TRE+RT trials, however, RT alone had no effect. Time and group interaction showed a large effect size (partial eta squared) for all body composition variables. In addition, RT with or without TRE notably decreased diastolic blood pressure (RT: -5.5 ± 1.9 mmHg, TRE+RT: -4.1 ± 1.5 mmHg, p < 0.05). Mild anxiety levels at baseline in RT (4.8 ± 2.6) and TRE+RT (4.1 ± 3) trials were found to be normal at postintervention in TRE+RT (3.6 ± 1.7) but not in RT (5.6 ± 3.5). No depression or stress was recorded among the participants during the intervention. The reported poor sleep quality among participants at baseline was significantly improved with RT (4.8 ± 2.9; p < 0.05), and tended to improve with TRE+RT interventions (4.5 ± 1.9).

10-hour TRE is beneficial for weight/fat loss without affecting mood status. However, TRE combined with RT might be more effective for weight/fat loss, maintaining muscle mass, and good quality of sleep among young adults with overweight or obesity.

Parental high-fat diet (HFD) increases offspring's susceptibility to colorectal inflammation, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Using mouse models, we compared colorectal inflammation between offspring of HFD-fed and normal diet-fed parents. Histological analysis and immunostaining revealed that offspring of HFD-fed parents exhibited shortened colorectal length, decreased goblet cells, and reduced tight junction protein expression, particularly when maintained on HFD. RNA sequencing of colorectal tissue identified elevated expression of macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO) in these offspring. Immunofluorescence co-localization staining confirmed increased MARCO-positive macrophages in their colorectal tissue. Notably, switching offspring to normal diet partially alleviated these inflammatory responses, although some manifestations remained. Further investigation showed that high-lipid stimulation increased MARCO expression in macrophages and promoted inflammatory cytokine secretion through nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway activation. In vitro experiments demonstrated that MARCO knockdown inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines and prevented tight junction protein destruction in cocultured intestinal cells. Our findings reveal that parental HFD induces MARCO upregulation in offspring's colorectal macrophages and exacerbates colorectal inflammation through the NF-κB pathway, providing new insights into the mechanism by which parental HFD affects offspring's intestinal health.

Obesity metabolic phenotypes may influence survival outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. This study aimed to develop an MRI-based model for postoperative survival prediction in HBV-related HCC patients, focusing on obesity metabolic phenotypes.

A retrospective cohort of 381 HBV-related HCC patients (312 males; mean age 55.9 ± 10.7 years) who underwent preoperative MRI and curative surgery was studied. Patients were categorized into three phenotypes: normal weight (NW), metabolically healthy overweight/obesity (MHOO) and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUOO). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses identified independent predictors of overall survival (OS). A predictive model was established and validated with cross-validation.

MHOO patients showed significantly better overall survival (OS) than NW patients (adjusted HR = 0.42, P = 0.030), while MUOO had no significant effect on OS (adjusted HR = 0.92, P = 0.779). Independent predictors included MHOO (HR = 0.44, P = 0.036), AST/ALT ratio > 1 (HR = 2.61, P = 0.001), tumor burden score > 5.0 (HR = 3.02, P < 0.001) and arterial rim enhancement (HR = 3.61, P < 0.001). The combined model achieved good performance in both training (C-index = 0.737) and validation (C-index = 0.715) sets. The predicted high-risk patients had worse OS than low-risk patients in the whole cohort (P < 0.001) and in patients at BCLC stage A (P < 0.001). The model outperformed the BCLC and CNLC staging systems in predictive efficacy (all P < 0.001) and clinical net benefit.

MHOO is protective for OS in HBV-related HCC. The MRI-based model integrating obesity metabolic phenotype, AST/ALT ratio, tumor burden score and arterial rim enhancement is valuable in survival prediction, offering superior prognostic stratification compared to current staging systems.

Maternal adiposity has been identified as a predictor of child overweight/obesity; however, it remains unclear whether the association changes as the child ages. We aimed to examine the associations between maternal weight status during pregnancy and offspring physical growth from birth to early adolescence using data from a birth cohort study in rural western China. Maternal weight measurements during the first, second and third trimesters were used to calculate body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) rate, and then were classified following the Institute of Medicine recommendation. Offspring length/height and weight were measured at birth, mid-childhood (age 7-10 years) and early adolescence (age 10-14 years) and converted into z-scores using the INTERGROWTH-21st and WHO standards, respectively. Generalized linear models were applied to examine the associations of maternal BMI and GWG with offspring BMI-for-age and sex (BAZ) and length-/height-for-age and sex z-score (LAZ/HAZ) at birth, mid-childhood and early adolescence, respectively, adjusting for potential confounders. Among 411 mother-offspring pairs (62% boys), higher maternal BMI during the first trimester was associated with increased offspring BAZ at birth (adjusted mean differences [aMD]: 0.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.001-0.14), mid-childhood (aMD 0.09, 95% CI: 0.05-0.14) and early adolescence (aMD 0.11, 95% CI: 0.05-0.17). Maternal excessive GWG was associated with higher HAZ in early adolescence (aMD 0.44; 95% CI: 0.17-0.69). The strongest point estimate of maternal gestational weight status on offspring physical growth emerged in early adolescence, suggesting the potential age-dependent amplifying impact. Additionally, updated GWG guidelines should consider regional characteristics and long-term offspring growth.

Evidence regarding prepregnancy weight change (from age 18 to conception) and fetal outcomes remains limited in Asian populations.

To explore associations of prepregnancy weight change with fetal growth and adverse birth outcomes, and joint effects between prepregnancy weight change and gestational weight gain (GWG) among Chinese women.

We included 6330 pregnant women from Tongji-Huaxi-Shuangliu Birth Cohort. Prepregnancy weight change was defined as the difference between the recalled weight at age 18 and recalled weight just before pregnancy. Ultrasound-assessed fetal growth parameters at three gestational intervals (≤24, 25-32, and 33-42 weeks) were standardized to Z scores. Adverse birth outcomes were obtained from medical records. Associations were assessed using linear mixed and logistic regression models.

Compared to women with low prepregnancy weight gain (0.0-4.9 kg), those with high prepregnancy weight gain (≥ 10.0 kg) had significantly higher Z scores for all fetal growth parameters. Positive associations with femur length and estimated fetal weight were observed across all gestational periods, whereas head circumference, abdominal circumference, and biparietal diameter showed significant associations only after 25 weeks. Prepregnancy weight gain exhibited a dose-response association with higher macrosomia and large for gestational age (LGA) risks (all P < 0.001). Conversely, prepregnancy weight loss was linked to a higher small for gestational age (SGA) risk in female newborns. Furthermore, women with high prepregnancy weight gain and excessive GWG had the highest risks of macrosomia (odds ratio [OR]: 5.55; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.34, 9.22) and LGA (OR: 3.19; 95% CI: 2.37, 4.28).

Excessive prepregnancy weight gain was associated with accelerated fetal growth and increased macrosomia and LGA risks, whereas prepregnancy weight loss showed a sex-specific impact on SGA. The combination of high prepregnancy weight gain and excessive GWG was associated with the highest risks of macrosomia and LGA.

This study aimed to investigate the current status of oral frailty in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and analyze its influencing factors.

We recruited 464 elderly T2DM patients from a tertiary hospital in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province (June-October 2024) using convenience sampling. General information questionnaire, Oral Frailty Index-8 (OFI-8), Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illness and Loss of weight Scale (FRAIL Scale), Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT), and Mini-Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) were used to collect data. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors influencing oral frailty.

The prevalence of oral frailty was 45.9% among the 464 elderly T2DM patients. Regression analysis identified the following influencing factors (p < 0.05): age, smoking history, weekly frequency of physical activity, duration of diabetes mellitus, polypharmacy, frailty, and oral health score.

Oral frailty is highly prevalent in elderly T2DM patients. Clinical staff should screen this population for oral frailty early and develop a comprehensive, integrated oral health care program to prevent or delay its onset and progression.

not applicable.

The study aims to evaluate the burden of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) in China from 1990 to 2021, and compare to it across G20 countries.

We utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 to examine the burden of T2D in China from 1990 to 2021. Prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs) were calculated. Comparative analyses were conducted with other G20 countries.

T2D prevalence in China increased between 1990 and 2021, with rates rising from 3519.8 (3138.3-3910.1) to 6055.5 (5510.1-6614.3) per 100,000. The death rates slightly decreased from 9.3 (8.2-10.5) per 100,000 to 8.7 (7.3-10.3). The DALYs rate increased from 438.7 (358.5-531.5) to 569.8 (435.4-734.2), with increases observed in YLDs and YLLs. Males had a heavier disease burden in China. Compared to G20 countries, China ranked high in prevalence but had relatively better mortality outcomes in older age groups.

This study reveals the enormous burden and remarkable control efforts of T2D in China. Comparative analysis emphasizes the importance of tailored public health interventions to address this growing health crisis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the association of long-term changes in body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the older population.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study in Jiangsu Province, China. Data from 593 participants who were aged ≥60 years were analyzed. The hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsOver a median follow-up period of 5.08 years, 70 participants (11.80%) developed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Compared with participants with persistently normal body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio, those in whom these parameters changed from normal to abnormal and those in whom these parameters were persistently abnormal had a significantly higher risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, with adjusted hazard ratios of 2.11 (95% confidence interval: 1.05-4.26) and 2.37 (95% confidence interval: 1.21-4.63) for body mass index, 2.75 (95% confidence interval: 1.16-6.51) and 2.32 (95% confidence interval: 1.29-4.16) for waist circumference, and 2.24 (95% confidence interval: 1.14-5.91) and 4.11 (95% confidence interval: 2.21-7.68) for waist-to-height ratio, respectively.ConclusionLong-term changes in obesity-related anthropometric indicators are strongly associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the older population.

To explore the association of preablation liver biopsy and long-term oncological outcomes in colorectal liver oligometastases (CLOM) (lesions, ≤5; diameter, <5cm).

This retrospective study included 149 patients who underwent percutaneous liver biopsy before microwave ablation and 259 patients who did not receive preablation biopsy between September 2009 and June 2023 from two tertiary hospitals. Primary outcome, intrahepatic recurrence-free survival (IRFS), and secondary outcomes, disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier methods. Propensity score matching (PSM) and four sensitivity analyses were performed to mitigate confounding. Multivariable analyses and adjusted subgroup analyses were performed to assess the correlation of intrahepatic recurrence with preablation biopsy.

408 patients were analyzed, with 149 patients (mean age, 58 years ± 10, 105 men [70.5 %]) in the biopsy group and 259 patients (mean age, 58 years ±± 11, 186 men [71.8 %]) in the non-biopsy group. There were no statistically significant differences for 5-years IRFS (HR = 1.14 [95 % CI: 0.82-1.58]; P = 0.450), 5-years DFS (HR = 1.23 [95 % CI: 0.93-1.62]; P = 0.147), and 5-years OS (HR = 1.45 [95 % CI 0.97-2.16]; P = 0.071) between groups after PSM (n = 100). The above results were consistent with those before PSM and four sensitivity analyses. For IRFS, multivariable analyses identified that preablation liver biopsy was not an independent risk factor and did not increase the risk of intrahepatic recurrence in any subgroup based on adjusted subgroup analyses.

Preablation liver biopsy has no significant adverse effects on intrahepatic recurrence, disease progression, or patient survival in colorectal liver oligometastases, regardless of covariate adjustments. Our study provides evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and management of CLOM; liver biopsy should not be banned without consideration in the era of precision medicine.

The escalating global prevalence of cognitive decline associated with obesity represents a significant public health challenge. Emerging evidence implicates astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (ADEVs) as key mediators in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease, positioning them as potential therapeutic targets. However, the precise mechanistic role of ADEVs in the pathological processes underlying obesity-related cognitive impairment remains poorly understood.

We established an obese mouse model by feeding mice a 60% high-fat diet (HFD) and assessed cognitive function through a series of behavioral tests. To investigate the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs), we inhibited EVs secretion by intraperitoneally administering GW4869, a neutral sphingomyelinase-2 (nSMase2) inhibitor, to 12-week HFD-fed male mice. Using comprehensive proteomic sequencing of brain-derived EVs, we identified NFIA as a potentially candidate protein. A series of in vivo and in vitro experiments were then conducted to confirmed the astrocytic origin of NFIA and neuronal uptake of ADEVs. Further, ADEVs isolated from primary cultured astrocytes under high glucose conditions were administered to both wild-type mice and primary cultured neurons to demonstrate their mediating role. Additionally, we developed adeno-associated virus (AAV) constructs to specifically knockdown the target gene Nfia of astrocyte to validate these findings.

Following 16 weeks of HFD feeding, obese mice exhibited significant cognitive impairment, which was significantly alleviated by GW4869 administration through inhibition of ceramide-dependent EVs secretion. Proteomic analysis revealed a marked upregulation of NFIA protein in brain-derived EVs from obese mice, with astrocytes identified as the predominant cellular origin. ADEVs containing NFIA has been found to specifically accumulated in the hippocampal neurons both in vivo and in vitro. As expected, ADEVs isolated from high glucose-treated primary astrocytes induced substantial cognitive decline in healthy adult mice and caused synaptic injury in primary cultured neurons. Of note, astrocyte-specific knockdown of the Nfia gene resulted in improved synaptic function and ameliorated cognitive impairment in obese mice.

These findings demonstrated that elevated levels of NFIA packaged within ADEVs contributed to hippocampal synaptic injury under obesity-induced stress condition. The mechanistic insight may provide potential therapeutic targets for addressing obesity-related cognitive decline.

Unhealthy dietary habits are prevalent in Northeast China, contributing to a high prevalence of obesity. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of the general population regarding weight loss dietary patterns in this region, with additional analysis of normal weight or underweight versus overweight and obesity subgroups. A cross-sectional study was conducted from September to November 2024 in Liaoning Province, China, using a self-administered questionnaire to collect demographic information and KAP scores. A total of 595 valid responses were analyzed (representing 91.4% of eligible participants), with 450 females (75.63%) and 145 males (24.37%). The overall knowledge score was 13.64 ± 5.88, with median attitude and practice scores of 28[25,31] and 35[32,42], respectively. Participants with overweight and obesity demonstrated higher scores in weight loss plateau understanding (p = 0.015) and realistic goal-setting (p < 0.001) compared to those with normal weight or underweight. Structural equation modeling identified significant associations between knowledge and both attitude (β=-0.40, 95% CI: -0.54,-0.20, p < 0.001) and practice, with knowledge showing a positive direct association with practice (β = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.30,0.58, p < 0.001) and a significant indirect association through attitude (β = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.14,0.31, p < 0.001) in the overall population. While participants demonstrated moderate levels of knowledge and attitudes regarding weight management, their practice levels were relatively low. Knowledge was significantly associated with both attitudes and practices, suggesting that educational interventions might be considered as a component in comprehensive approaches to weight management behaviors.

Evidence suggests that incretin-based dual agonist pharmacotherapy is helpful in persons with obesity. Mazdutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon receptor dual agonist, may have efficacy in persons with overweight or obesity.

In a phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in China, we randomly assigned, in a 1:1:1 ratio, adults 18 to 75 years of age who had a body-mass index (BMI; the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) of at least 28 or had a BMI of 24 to less than 28 plus at least one weight-related coexisting condition to receive 4 mg of mazdutide, 6 mg of mazdutide, or placebo for 48 weeks. The two primary end points were the percentage change in body weight from baseline and a weight reduction of at least 5% at week 32, as assessed in a treatment-policy estimand analysis (which assessed effects regardless of early discontinuation of mazdutide or placebo and the initiation of new antiobesity therapies).

Among 610 participants, the mean body weight was 87.2 kg and the mean BMI was 31.1 at baseline. At week 32, the mean percentage change in body weight from baseline was -10.09% (95% confidence interval [CI], -11.15 to -9.04) in the 4-mg mazdutide group, -12.55% (95% CI, -13.64 to -11.45) in the 6-mg mazdutide group, and 0.45% (95% CI, -0.61 to 1.52) in the placebo group, and 73.9%, 82.0%, and 10.5% of the participants, respectively, had a weight reduction of at least 5% (P<0.001 for all comparisons with placebo). At week 48, the mean percentage change in body weight from baseline was -11.00% (95% CI, -12.27 to -9.73) in the 4-mg mazdutide group, -14.01% (95% CI, -15.36 to -12.66) in the 6-mg mazdutide group, and 0.30% (95% CI, -0.98 to 1.58) in the placebo group, and 35.7%, 49.5%, and 2.0% of the participants, respectively, had a weight reduction of at least 15% (P<0.001 for all comparisons with placebo). Beneficial effects on all prespecified cardiometabolic measures were seen with mazdutide. The most frequently reported adverse events were gastrointestinal and mostly mild to moderate in severity. The incidence of adverse events leading to discontinuation of the trial regimen was 1.5% with the 4-mg mazdutide dose, 0.5% with the 6-mg mazdutide dose, and 1.0% with placebo.

In Chinese adults with overweight or obesity, once-weekly mazdutide at a dose of 4 mg or 6 mg for 32 weeks led to clinically relevant reductions in body weight. (Funded by Innovent Biologics; GLORY-1 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05607680.).

Prenatal maternal psychological distress, particularly depression, has been increasingly recognized as a factor influencing fetal growth; however, its impact on early childhood development remains less well understood. This study investigated the association between prenatal depression and children's growth trajectories, as well as the odds of overweight and obesity from 1 to 36 months, while also accounting for maternal anxiety and stress. We analyzed data from 4 710 mother-child dyads in the Jiangsu Birth Cohort, assessing maternal psychological distress across trimesters and categorizing participants into mild, moderate, and more depression groups. Children's weight-for-length z-scores (WLZ) were used to assess overweight/obesity prevalence, and growth patterns were identified through trajectory models. The results from the generalized estimating equations (GEE) analysis showed that more depressive symptomatology during pregnancy was associated with a 28%-41% increase in the odds of childhood overweight/obesity across all three trimesters, compared to mild depressive symptomatology. We identified five distinct WLZ growth trajectory patterns, and children of mothers with more depressive symptomatology had a 39%-47% higher likelihood of following a very-high-stable growth trajectory, compared to mild depressive symptomatology. These findings highlight the significant impact of prenatal depression on adverse growth patterns and childhood overweight/obesity, underscoring the need for early intervention.

Chemo-immunotherapy has become a standard of care for the first-line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but currently still lacks reliable markers to predict therapeutic efficacy and long-term response (LTR).

In this study, we retrospectively summarized the survival outcome of 319 patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC who received anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) based therapy from January 1st, 2018 to February 28th, 2022 at the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College. Then a comprehensive analysis of the association of LTR or survival outcomes with various characteristics including clinical parameters, peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and common gene mutations in 167 NSCLC patients who received first-line anti-PD-1 plus chemotherapy treatment was conducted. LTR was defined as progression-free survival (PFS) exceeding 24 months, while non-responders had a PFS of less than 6 months.

With a median follow-up time of 32.1 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 29.2-38.0), the median overall survival (OS) was 29.9 months (95% CI 23.6-37.5) in locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC receiving anti-PD-1/PD-L1 based treatment. Among 167 patients who received the first-line chemo-immunotherapy, 25.1% (n = 42) achieved LTR. Independent baseline predictors of LTR included age < 65 years (odds ratio [OR] = 3.22, p = 0.024), overweight or obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 24 kg/m2, OR = 3.26, p = 0.020), and a C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR) score < 0.07 (OR = 9.94, p = 0.039). In multivariate cox analysis, both patients with higher CAR scores of ≥ 0.07 (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.83, p = 0.016) and those who were underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) (HR = 4.52, p = 0.005) were observed with significantly shorter OS. A peripheral B cell percentage ≥ 14.5% was more prevalent among LTR patients (OR = 9.23, p = 0.045) after adjusting for age, BMI and TNM stage. Additionally, the presence of TP53 mutation (16/66) was associated with non-response to first-line chemo-immunotherapy (p = 0.048) and shorter PFS (p = 0.028) and OS (p = 0.023) outcomes in univariate analysis.

This study provides some new insights into the features and predictors significantly associated with LTR and survival in NSCLC patient receiving first-line treatment of anti-PD-1 plus chemotherapy. Those whose age < 65 years, overweight or obesity, or has a baseline CAR score < 0.07 are more likely to achieve optimal benefit from the first-line treatment of chemo-immunotherapy.

Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have a higher risk of height deficit and obesity. Data on Chinese pediatric ALL patients treated on chemotherapy only are limited.

Changes in z scores for height and body mass index (BMI) from the diagnosis to 2 years after the initial of treatment were analyzed in 805 ALL patients diagnosed at Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine.

A significant reduction in height z-scores and increase in BMI z-scores were documented during treatment (p < 0.001), the most pronounced changes observed in the first three months. Catch-up growth was noted after nine months. Children in middle-high-aged group showed the most significant decline in height z-scores after 24 months (p < 0.05). High-risk patients exhibited lower height z-scores at 9 and 12 months (p < 0.01). Children under 9 years or in non-high-risk group showed greater BMI z-scores increase during treatment (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences by gender.

Chemotherapy leads to height deficit and BMI increase in pediatric ALL patients. Height deficit is more pronounced in children aged 8-13 years, BMI increases are more significant in younger children. High-risk patients are more prone to lower height and smaller BMI increases.

For students, sleep, sedentary behavior (SB), and physical activity (PA) all have a direct impact on overweight and obesity. However, out-of-school time SB, PA, and sleep have not been adequately studied for their effects on overweight and obesity. We aim to explore the correlations among PA, SB, sleep duration, and the likelihood of excess body weight in youth during out-of-school hours, focusing on dose-response relationships and isotemporal substitution effects.

This study conducted a cross-sectional analysis by employing data obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, spanning from 2004 to 2015. Restricted cubic spline and isotemporal substitution model were used to assess the corresponding relationships. The weighted quantile sum regression was used to study how different behaviors contribute to the risk of excess body weight.

There are linear dose-response relationships between sleep, SB, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during out-of-school hours and the risk of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents (all P for nonlinear > 0.05). Furthermore, screen-based SB shows a non-linear dose-response association with overweight/obesity. (P for nonlinear = 0.038). Theoretically, replacing 10 min of SB with an equal amount of sleep and PA could reduce the risk of overweight and obesity by 2.3-4.4%. Considering sleep, MVPA, and LPA during out-of-school time together, sleep contributed the most to overweight and obesity(weight = 0.6363).

During out-of-school time, SB demonstrated a cross-sectional dose-response association with a heightened likelihood of overweight and obesity in childhood. Conversely, sleep and MVPA displayed a contrasting dose-response association with overweight and obesity risk when compared to SB. Substituting SB with sleep or PA might potentially mitigate the risk of overweight and obesity.

Type 2 diabetes is common in China without comprehensive summary and future anticipation of its incidence, prevalence, associated death, and disability. This analysis described the epidemiological transition of type 2 diabetes in the past three decades and projected the trend in the future three decades in China.

Age-, sex-, and year-specific incidence, prevalence, death, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for people with 15 years or older and diabetes or high fasting glucose in China and related countries from 1990 to 2021 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease. We obtained the trends of age-, sex-, and year-specific rates and absolute numbers of incidence, prevalence, deaths, and DALYs attributable to type 2 diabetes in China from 1990 to 2021. Using the Lee-Carter model, we projected the incidence, prevalence, deaths, and DALYs attributable to type 2 diabetes to 2050 stratified by age and sex.

The age-standardized incidence of type 2 diabetes was 341.5 per 100,000 persons (1.6 times in 1990) and the age-standardized prevalence was 9960.0 per 100,000 persons (2.5 times in 1990) in China 2021. In 2021, there were 0.9 million deaths and 26.8 million DALYs due to type 2 diabetes or hyperglycemia, as 2.9 and 2.7 times the data in 1990, respectively. In the projection, the age-standardized incidence (449.5 per 100,000 persons in 2050) will continue to increase but the growing rate will slow down in the future decades. With the population aging, there will be estimated 211.2 million Chinese people with type 2 diabetes with an anticipated age-standardized prevalence of 18,171.2 per 100,000 persons, 244.6 per 100,000 deaths, and 4720.2 per 100,000 DALYs in 2050. The incidence of type 2 diabetes kept growing among adolescents and young adults in the past three decades (128.7, 439.9, and estimated 1870.8 per 100,000 persons in 1990, 2021, and 2050, respectively).

The incidence, prevalence, and disease burden of type 2 diabetes grew rapidly in China in the past three decades. The greatest challenges in the future three decades will be the prevention of type 2 diabetes in young people and the care for elder adults.

To summarize the results of China's five national monitoring reports (CFNMR) on physical fitness (PF) for adults. The Government of China has taken a systematic administrative approach to a creative environment building, and has conducted five national physical fitness monitoring, with a sixth already started in 2024.

CFNMR included indices, rates, test indicators, and questionnaire indicators collected between 2000 and September 2024. Data were collected (every 5 years), analyzed (every 3 years) and published (government announcements and reports) by the Monitoring Center of the General Administration of Sport of China. Adults' data were divided into Group A (20-39 years) and Group B (40-59 years). In this study, once the database was established using government reports as the standard, the indicators were categorized, counted, and descriptively analyzed using EXCEL.

Group A: Indices fluctuated up 2.98 (2010 highest 102.98), and rates fluctuated up 2.40% (2005 highest 89.3%). Group B: Indices continued to decline 0.23 (2014 lowest 99.77), and rates fluctuated up 3.00% (2019 highest 90.6%). Test and questionnaire indicators show different structural characteristics, but obesity (7.33%) and overweight rates (5.88%) continue to increase.

Adult physical fitness is improving, but physical activity is decreasing. The results of the overall growth shown by the tested indicators do not, however, represent the formation of well-functioning mechanisms. Obesity is an ongoing and growing problem that requires constant attention. It should consider adding a physical literacy monitoring component, utilizing public goods attributes, to promote sustainable change and reach more adults.

Background: Whether intestinal epithelial cells can regulate distant adipose tissue remains a mystery. Methods: Cold-stimulated intestinal epithelial cell-derived exosomes (Cold IEC-Exo) play a pivotal role in enhancing adipose thermogenesis and metabolic homeostasis, as demonstrated in this study. Results: IEC-Exo can accumulate in adipose tissue. Compared with IEC-Exo derived from room temperature mice (RT IEC-Exo), Cold IEC-Exo significantly enhanced the thermogenesis of adipose. In vitro, Cold IEC-Exo directly stimulated thermogenesis in primary adipocytes by elevating oxygen consumption rate, proton leak, and fatty acid uptake, with no effect on glucose uptake. Small RNA sequencing identified miR-674-3p as a key mediator enriched in Cold IEC-Exo. miR-674-3p mimicry replicated Cold IEC-Exo effects, augmenting Ucp1 expression, mitochondrial uncoupling, and fatty acid utilization in adipocytes. Local overexpression of miR-674-3p in BAT and sWAT via AAV in vivo enhanced thermogenesis and attenuated diet-induced glucose intolerance. Conclusions: These findings establish that Cold IEC-Exo, via miR-674-3p transfer, drive adipose thermogenic activation and mitigate metabolic dysfunction, highlighting their therapeutic potential in obesity-related disorders.

The aim is to investigate the relationship between catecholamine levels and dyslipidemia in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) patients.

Clinical data from 500 PPGL patients were retrospectively analyzed, including clinical demographics, genetic mutations, tumor size, preoperative catecholamine levels, and lipid profiles. Comparison of lipid levels before and after surgery were also conducted.

A total of 500 patients were included: 238 males (47.6%) and 262 females (52.4%), with an average age at diagnosis of 46.5 ± 15.4 years. The prevalence of dyslipidemia among PPGL patients was 59.2%. In different catecholamine secretion types, norepinephrine (NE) secreting type group had significantly higher total cholesterol levels (4.82 [4.21, 5.38] vs. 4.43 [3.78, 4.92] mmol/L, p < 0.0167) compared to the non-secreting type group. However, there were no significant differences in triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein among different secretion types. This study showed the first detailed analysis of the distribution of elevated total cholesterol in different age groups and BMI categories. Patients with overweight had the highest rate of elevated total cholesterol (48.5%). Additionally, within different age brackets, individuals aged 51-60 years displayed the highest rate of abnormal total cholesterol levels. Comparison of preoperative and postoperative biochemical outcomes in 69 patients with PPGLs showed that surgical resection effectively reduced catecholamine levels and improved total cholesterol levels.

The incidence of dyslipidemia is high among patients with PPGL, and there exists strong link between lipid metabolism and catecholamine secretion, thus highlighting the importance of closely monitoring lipid levels in patients with PPGL.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between persistent nocturnal sleep duration patterns and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). From March 1, 2018 to August 31, 2023, a cross-sectional study was carried out at the National Metabolic Management Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University. Each patient completed a minimum of three sleep questionnaire assessments during the study period. Group-based trajectory modeling was employed to identify distinct groups of patients exhibiting different trajectories of nocturnal sleep duration. CIMT ≥ 1 mm was used to assess early atherosclerotic changes in arterial structure. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association between trajectories of nocturnal sleep duration and CIMT. Three trajectories of nocturnal sleep duration were identified: persistent short (6.44 h: n = 114, 13.5% of all subjects), persistent moderate (7.59 h: n = 500, 59.0%), and persistent long (8.69 h: n = 233, 27.5%). After adjusting for age, sex, education, body mass index, physical activity, current smoking, current alcohol drinking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and HbA1c, the odds of CIMT ≥ 1 mm were found to be higher in patients with persistent short nocturnal sleep duration (OR 3.03, 95%CI 1.15, 7.98). However, no significant association was found between persistent long sleep duration at night and CIMT ≥ 1 mm. Persistent short nocturnal sleep duration was associated with increased CIMT in Chinese patients with T2DM. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to fully elucidate this topic.

To explore the factors causing structural abnormalities of meibomian gland in the pediatric population.

Two-hundred children were enrolled to evaluate the morphology of meibomian gland. Demographic and clinical information were collected. Symptoms of dry eye disease (DED) were assessed with the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire. Meibography was performed and grading of images was performed by a 5-point meiboscale (0-4) for gland atrophy and a 3-point score (0-2) for gland tortuosity.

200 eyes of 200 participants aged 10-18 years (13.10 ± 2.39 years) were imaged. Most patients had a score of 1, 130 (65%) in meiboscore and 138 (69%) in gland tortuosity. The meiboscore showed significant difference with the increase of weight, BUT and BMI percentile ranking. The gland tortuosity showed significant difference with the increase of age, and BMI percentile ranking. Besides, shorter BUT corresponds to larger percentage of meibomian gland atrophy and higher OSDI score. Gender had no significant effect on gland dysfunction. The gland meiboscore was significantly correlated with weight, OSDI score, BUT, BMI percentile and BMI percentile ranking. And the gland tortuosity was significantly correlated with weight, BMI percentile and OSDI score.

In this pediatric population, the meiboscore become higher with the increase of weight, BMI percentile, OSDI and the decrease of BUT, and gland tortuosity became more serious with the increase of age and BMI percentile. Therefore, clinicians should be aware that being overweight is a risk factor for changes in meibomian gland structure.

This study aims to investigate the prevalence of intermittent fasting (IF) among Chinese residents aged 18-80 and assess its impact on physical activity (PA) levels.

Data were sourced from the Psychology and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey conducted between June 20 and 31 August 2022. A multistage stratified cluster sampling method was used. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to compare PA levels between individuals practicing IF and those not practicing it. Multiple logistic regression and subgroup analysis were performed to explore associations between PA levels and relevant factors.

IF was practiced by 9.78% of participants, with the highest prevalence (70.78%) among those aged 18-34. While there were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the IF and non-IF groups, sleep duration differed. IF was significantly associated with reduced PA levels (OR = 0.769, 95%CI: 0.657-0.900), and subgroup analysis highlighted the effect of sleep patterns on PA.

IF is common among younger Chinese residents and correlates with lower PA levels, indicating a potential need for individualized health guidance to balance dietary strategies with PA.

Dysfunction of adipose tissue in obese individuals is associated with metabolic imbalances. Current treatments focus on reducing calorie intake and increasing exercise but have unsatisfactory efficacy and significant side effects. Here, a subcutaneously in situ formed therapeutic hydrogel (RL lip@gel) that can simultaneously modulate the inflammatory environment of adipose tissue and induce adipocyte browning is developed to combat obesity. The alginate solution encapsulates the anti-inflammatory natural flavonoid luteolin and rosiglitazone-loaded liposomes (RL lip), which can be formed as an in situ hydrogel through crosslinking with divalent metal ions in adipose tissue following subcutaneous injection. RL lip@gel not only reprograms M1-like adipose tissue macrophages into an M2-like phenotype but diminishes the expression of proinflammatory cytokine, thereby decreasing systemic glucose resistance and lipid storage. Meanwhile, rosiglitazone embedded within the adipose tissue promotes the browning of white adipocytes, and boosts energy expenditure, with further enhancement from luteolin, as demonstrated by decreased white adipose tissue masses. This localized intervention not only ensures the efficacy of combating obesity systemically but enhances overall metabolism while minimizing side effects.

There is a lack of research on how vegetable and fruit consumption patterns affect cognitive function in older adults with varying BMIs. Therefore, this study aims to explore their relationship, with a special focus on gender differences.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Anhui Province, China, between July and September 2019, and information was collected from 6211 participants regarding socio-demographics, the frequency of vegetable and fruit consumption per week, and cognitive function. The study utilized descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression to determine the association between cognitive function and consumption patterns of vegetable and fruit.

There were no statistically significant associations between vegetable and fruit consumption patterns and cognitive function in underweight and obese older adults. Among normal weight men, older adults in the V+/F- (AOR=1.65; 95% CI: 1.16-2.35) and V-/F- (AOR=3.95; 95% CI: 1.86-8.42) groups were more likely to have cognitive impairment compared with the V+/F+ group. However, no associations were observed between the two in women of normal weight. For the overweight women, a higher risk of cognitive impairment was found in the V+/F- group (AOR=1.54; 95% CI: 1.12-2.11), while older men did not.

The correlation between vegetable and fruit consumption patterns and cognitive function varies among older adults with different BMIs. Findings suggest the need for targeted nutritional interventions for these communities to maintain cognitive function in older adults.

Objective: To assess the associations between academic study- and non-study-related sedentary behaviors and the risk of overweight/obesity in children and adolescents, as well as their joint association with sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption. Methods: Sedentary behaviors and SSB consumption were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. Overweight/obesity were defined by age- and sex-specific body mass index cut-off values according to the criteria of "Screening for overweight and obesity among school-age children and adolescents" in China. Poisson regression with robust error variance was used to assess the associations of sedentary behaviors and/or SSB consumption with the risk of overweight/obesity, yielding relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) method was used to rank the contribution of five specific sedentary behaviors to obesity risk. Results: Among 47,148 participants with a 3-year follow-up, longer durations of screen-related, academic study-related, and total sedentary time were each associated with a higher risk of overweight/obesity (adjusted RR (95% CI) per hour increment: 1.01 (1.00-1.02), 1.03 (1.01-1.06), and 1.02 (1.01-1.03)). After mutual adjustment, the associations of engaging in homework, attending tutorial classes, and using mobile electronic devices remained significantly associated with higher overweight/obesity risk. The SHAP summary plot shows that using mobile electronic devices, attending tutorial classes, and doing homework were the three most important sedentary obesogenic contributors. A significant interaction of age with sedentary time was found (p for interaction < 0.05). No significant interaction was found between SSB consumption and sedentary time. Conclusions: Excessive sedentary behaviors were associated with a higher risk of overweight/obesity, particularly due to mobile electronic device use, attending tutorial classes, and doing homework.

To investigate the changes in lifestyle and mental conditions during the COVID-19 lockdown pre- and post-COVID-19 epidemic by analysing 0.1 million in the general population.

A questionnaire was used to collect demographic, lifestyle and mental condition information. Descriptive and χ2 tests were utilized to analyse the differences among the three groups. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the impact of mental status.

This study involved a total of 141 250 participants, with 68 533 individuals in 2019 (pre-COVID-19), 53 956 in 2021 (lockdown period) and 18 761 in 2023 (post-COVID-19). During the period of lockdown and post-COVID-19, there was a significant decrease in the proportion of male smokers, decreasing from 39.2% before the epidemic to 36.6% during the lockdown period and to 34.8% after the epidemic. The proportion of people with good dietary habits increased slightly during the lockdown period (71.2% vs 68.4%) and remained at 71.8% after the epidemic. The 30- to 39-y age group had the greatest increase in engaging in physical activity. Multiple regression analysis showed that mental health status is associated with age, gender, dietary habits, physical activity and sleeping condition.

The general population is well adapted to the COVID-19 epidemic and can actively face the impact of the epidemic. Furthermore, the alarm triggered by the outbreak has cause people pay more attention to a healthy lifestyle.

The prevalence of obesity is increasing rapidly worldwide, particularly in Asia. Visceral obesity, characterized by intra-abdominal fat accumulation, is a precursor to metabolic syndrome, encompassing hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, which elevate the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. A visceral fat area (VFA) of ≥100 cm2 is a recognized threshold for diagnosing obesity-related metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to identify independent risk factors for VFA ≥100 cm2 in middle-aged Chinese individuals from the general population. We analyzed data from 148 participants (mean age: 49.3 ± 10.8 years; 54% male) who underwent health check-ups. VFA and subcutaneous fat area were assessed using computed tomography, while arterial stiffness and fatty liver were evaluated via brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and abdominal ultrasonography, respectively. Between-group comparisons (VFA ≥100 cm2 vs. VFA <100 cm2) were conducted using unpaired t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests, and logistic regression analysis identified risk factors. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that baPWV ≥1,400 cm/s (odds ratio [OR] = 5.71, p = 0.011), waist circumference ≥85 cm (OR = 5.46, p = 0.026), fasting blood glucose (FBG) ≥100 mg/dL (OR = 5.69, p = 0.030), male sex (OR = 12.79, p = 0.029), and fatty liver (OR = 3.99, p = 0.042) were significant independent risk factors for VFA ≥100 cm2. Among these, baPWV ≥1,400 cm/s was the most significant, showing a positive correlation with VFA (r = 0.365, p < 0.001). Visceral obesity (VFA ≥100 cm2) is a critical target for interventions addressing metabolic syndrome, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and cardiovascular disease, particularly in males.

This study aimed to explore the effects of hypoglycemic agents with weight loss effect plus a high protein diet and moderate exercise on weight loss and diabetes remission in adults with obesity and newly diagnosed prediabetes/type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Participants with obesity and newly diagnosed prediabetes or T2D (n = 61) were randomly allocated to standard treatment group (conventional medication and lifestyle guidance for 12 months) and intensive treatment group (in addition to conventional medication, a high protein diet and moderate exercise were given for 12 months).

By month 12, 60 (98.4%) participants completed the 12-month follow-up visit. In the intensive treatment group, 73.33% patients in the prediabetes subgroup returned to normoglycemia and the diabetes remission rate was 86.67% in the diabetes subgroup, which were much higher than the remission rate of prediabetes subgroup (7.69%) and diabetes subgroup (16.67%) in the standard treatment group (P < 0.001). The mean weight change was - 19.29 kg (95% CI, - 22.95 to - 15.63) in the intensive treatment group and - 1.52 kg (95% CI, - 5.12 to 2.07) in the standard treatment group from baseline after intervention. The weight change between the two groups was significantly different (net difference, - 17.77 kg; 95% CI, - 22.90 to - 12.64; P < 0.001). Percent of body fat, visceral fat area, and hepatic controlled attenuation parameter value reduced significantly in the intensive treatment group compared to the standard treatment group (P < 0.001).

Hypoglycemic agents with weight loss effect plus a high protein diet and moderate exercise could lead to a considerable proportion of patients with diabetes achieving diabetes remission.

chictr.org.cn ChiCTR2100044305.

To assess the association of tirzepatide use with a 10-year predicted risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among Chinese participants with obesity or overweight from the SURMOUNT-CN trial.

In this post hoc analysis, the QDiabetes-2018 risk engine was used to calculate the 10-year predicted T2D risk at baseline, week 24 and week 52 among SURMOUNT-CN participants randomized to receive tirzepatide 10 mg, 15 mg or placebo. A mixed model for repeated measures was used to compare mean predicted risk changes from baseline to weeks 24 and 52 between tirzepatide and placebo. Subgroup analyses were conducted by baseline body weight mass index (BMI) status and baseline prediabetes status.

Demographic and baseline clinical characteristics were similar among tirzepatide10 mg (n = 59), 15 mg (n = 53) and placebo (n = 57). From baseline to week 52, the least square (LS) mean predicted T2D risk changed from 5.3% to 1.2% for tirzepatide 10 mg, from 4.9% to 1.0% for tirzepatide 15 mg and from 5.8% to 4.5% for placebo. The difference in LS mean risk change from baseline to week 52 was significant between both tirzepatide 10 mg (-3.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -4.2%, -2.2%) and 15 mg (-3.4%, 95% CI: -4.4%, -2.4%) and placebo. Significantly greater predicted risk reductions for tirzepatide than placebo were observed in all subgroups.

Tirzepatide was associated with significantly reduced predicted 10-year risk of T2D among SURMOUNT-CN participants with obesity or overweight, irrespective of baseline BMI and prediabetes status.

Overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are major global public health challenges. The platelet-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (PHR) has emerged as a potential biomarker reflecting both inflammatory status and lipid metabolism; however, its association with MetS and metabolic overweight/obesity phenotypes is not well understood. The present study aims to investigate the association of the PHR with MetS and metabolic overweight/obesity phenotypes.

We derived data from the Dryad data repository. This retrospective study included 1,592 physical examination participants in Wuhan Union Hospital from 2020 to 2021. Based on BMI categories and metabolic status, we defined and distinguished four metabolic overweight/obesity phenotypes: metabolically healthy with normal weight (MHNW), metabolically unhealthy with normal weight (MUNW), metabolically healthy with overweight/obesity (MHO), and metabolically unhealthy with overweight/obesity (MUO). PHR was calculated as the ratio of platelets to HDL cholesterol. Logistic regression analysis was used to test the independent association between PHR with MetS and metabolic overweight/obesity phenotypes. In addition, we performed smooth curve fitting and subgroup analyses.

Logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for covariates, indicated that each 10-unit increase in PHR was associated with elevated risks of MetS (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.24-1.35). There was a significant positive association between PHR and the occurrence of both MHO (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.11-1.19) and MUO (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.12-1.20), while the association with MUNW remained unclear (P = 0.73). In addition, we found a nonlinear relationship between PHR and the incidence of MetS, MHO, and MUO.

PHR demonstrates strong associations with MetS, MHO, and MUO, indicating its potential utility as an early biomarker for metabolic dysfunction.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality are rising in China, with high body mass index (BMI) established as a significant risk factor. However, comprehensive evidence regarding the BMI-attributable CRC burden in the Chinese population remains limited.

This study aims to analyze the trend of CRC burden attributable to high BMI (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) in China from 1990 to 2021 and to predict its development from 2022 to 2035, in order to provide a scientific foundation for the formulation of public health policies.

We analyzed data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) to assess the BMI-attributable CRC burden in China from 1990 to 2021. Temporal trends were analyzed using Joinpoint regression models. Future projections through 2035 were generated using Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) modeling. The Das Gupta method was used to explore the contribution of population growth, aging, and epidemiologic factors to these burden changes.

From 1990 to 2021, China's BMI-attributable CRC burden increased substantially, with ASMR and ASDR rising at annual rates of 2.393% (95% CI 2.306-2.481) and 2.305% (95% CI 2.188-2.422), respectively. The mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rate both increased with age. Males showed higher burden rates in most age groups. Projections indicate continued increases in ASMR (2.43% annually) and ASDR (2.44% annually) through 2035. Epidemiological factors were the primary drivers, contributing 99.73% to mortality changes and 44.81% to DALYs changes.

The BMI-attributable CRC burden in China shows a concerning upward trajectory that is predicted to continue, with epidemiologic factors playing a major role. Urgent public health interventions targeting obesity prevention, lifestyle modification, and expanded CRC screening are needed to mitigate this growing burden.

To analyze the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of dyslipidemia among adults of different genders in Xinjiang, China, providing a basis for promoting ideal lipid management among the Uyghur population.

In this retrospective study, we included 7,646 Uyghur adults from the 2021 physical examination data in Hotan, Xinjiang, and followed up with all participants in 2023 for analysis. Participants completed lifestyle and medical history questionnaires and underwent lipid profiling. Dyslipidemia was defined according to the 2023 Chinese guidelines for lipid management. Group differences were analyzed using t-tests, ANOVA, and chi-square tests, the trend test for ordered categorical variables was conducted using univariate linear regression, and multivariable logistic regression was performed to explore risk factors for dyslipidemia.

In 2023, the average levels of waist circumference, fasting glucose, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and non-HDL-C among Uyghur men and women, as well as the prevalence of diabetes, increased compared to 2021, with significant statistical differences within the same gender groups (P < 0.001). The primary types of dyslipidemia among Uyghur adults were low HDL-C. After age and gender standardization, the overall standardized prevalence of high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-C showed a downward trend, with a more pronounced decrease among men. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and high non-HDL-C increased from 2021, with a greater increase among women. In 2023, the standardized prevalence rates of hypercholesterolemia, high LDL-C, low HDL-C, hypertriglyceridemia, and high non-HDL-C were higher in women than in men. Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for multiple factors indicated that higher educational attainment (OR 1.992; 95% CI [1.042-3.808]; P = 0.037), overweight (OR 1.303; 95% CI [1.085-1.566]; P = 0.005), obesity (OR 1.520; 95% CI [1.226-1.886]; P = 0.000), and central obesity (OR 1.013; 95% CI [1.006-1.021]; P = 0.001) were associated with dyslipidemia in Uyghur men, while in Uyghur women, dyslipidemia prevalence was mainly related to obesity (OR 1.549; 95% CI [1.261-1.902]; P = 0.000) and central obesity (OR 1.009; 95% CI [1.002-1.016]; P = 0.01).

The primary forms of dyslipidemia among Uyghur adults include low HDL-C levels. The prevalence of high LDL-C, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-C is showing a declining trend, particularly among men. In contrast, the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and high non-HDL-C is increasing more significantly among women. In men, risk factors for dyslipidemia include higher educational attainment, being overweight, obesity, and central obesity. In women, the prevalence of dyslipidemia is mainly associated with obesity and central obesity.