• Autoimmune associated epilepsy
• BECTS
• CMV infection
• Immune therapy

• Humans
• Male
• Female
• Child
• Prospective Studies
• Immunotherapy/methods
• Child, Preschool
• Epilepsy, Rolandic/immunology
• Epilepsy, Rolandic/therapy
• Epilepsy, Rolandic/drug therapy
• Epilepsy, Rolandic/physiopathology
• Epilepsy, Rolandic/diagnosis
• Treatment Outcome
• Cohort Studies
• Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use
• Methylprednisolone/therapeutic use
• Electroencephalography
• Adolescent

• epileptic encephalopathy with spike‐and‐wave activation in sleep (EE‐SWAS)
• functional connectivity
• prediction model
• quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG)
• self‐limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (SeLECTS)

• Humans
• Male
• Female
• Electroencephalography/methods
• Retrospective Studies
• Child
• Epilepsy, Rolandic/physiopathology
• Epilepsy, Rolandic/diagnosis
• Child, Preschool
• Sleep/physiology
• Brain Waves/physiology
• Disease Progression
• Predictive Value of Tests

• ZR2021MH229 Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province
• Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province

• Academics
• Epilepsy
• Mathematics
• Numeracy

• Humans
• Epilepsy/psychology
• Mathematics
• Child
• Adult

• University of Sydney

• EEG score
• IED and cognition
• visuo-spatial skills

• atypical forms of benign epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes
• benign epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes
• high-frequency oscillations
• prognosis

• Humans
• Epilepsy, Rolandic/diagnosis
• Scalp
• Seizures
• Prognosis
• Electroencephalography

• National Natural Science Foundation of China

• cognition
• epilepsy
• memory
• polysomnography
• seizures

• Adult
• Child
• Epilepsy/physiopathology
• Humans
• Memory Consolidation/physiology
• Sleep/physiology

• CIHR

Rolandic epilepsy (RE) is one of the most common epilepsy syndromes during childhood. The aim of this study was to investigate the alterations in the default mode network (DMN) of RE patients whose spike-wave index (SWI) was within the 50–85% range during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) during sleep, as well as to detect early neuroimaging markers.

Resting-state data was recorded for each subject using magnetoencephalography (MEG). DMN-related brain regions were chosen as regions of interest. The spectral power and functional connectivity (FC) of the DMN were estimated through the use of minimum norm estimation (MNE) combined with Welch technique and corrected amplitude envelope correlation (AEC-c).

The patient group included 20 patients with NREM phase 50% ≤ SWI < 85% (mild SWI group), and 18 typical RE patients (SWI < 50% group). At the regional level, the mild SWI group exhibited enhanced spectral power in the delta band of the bilateral posterial cingulate cortex and attenuated the spectral power in the alpha band of the bilateral posterial cingulate cortex. Enhanced spectral power in the bilateral precuneus (PCu) in the delta band and attenuated spectral power in the right lateral temporal cortex (LTC) in the alpha band were common across all RE patients. At the FC level, patients in the mild SWI group indicated increased AEC-c values between the bilateral posterial cingulate cortex in the delta band and between the left medial frontal cortex (MFC) and bilateral posterial cingulate cortex in the alpha band. Increased AEC-c values between the right PCu and left MFC in the delta band, and between the left PCu and right MFC in the theta band, were common across all RE patients. Moreover, the spectral power in the bilateral posterial cingulate cortex in the alpha band and the AEC-c value between the bilateral posterial cingulate cortex in the delta band demonstrated good discrimination ability.

The spectral power of the bilateral posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) in the alpha band and the AEC-c value between the bilateral PCC in the delta band may be promising indicators of early differentiation between mild SWI and typical RE.

• National Natural Science Foundation of China
• Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province
• Jiangsu Commission of Health
• Nanjing Science and Technology Commission

• cognitive flexibility
• executive functions
• inhibitory control
• self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes
• working memory

• Adolescent
• Child
• Cognition Disorders
• Epilepsy
• Executive Function
• Humans
• Memory, Short-Term
• Neuropsychological Tests

Drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE) affects approximately one‐third of the patients with epilepsy. Based on experimental findings from animal models and brain tissue from patients with DRE, different hypotheses have been proposed to explain the cause(s) of drug resistance. One is the intrinsic severity hypothesis that posits that drug resistance is an inherent property of epilepsy related to disease severity. Seizure frequency is one measure of epilepsy severity, but frequency alone is an incomplete measure of severity and does not fully explain basic research and clinical studies on drug resistance; thus, other measures of epilepsy severity are needed. One such measure could be pathological high‐frequency oscillations (HFOs), which are believed to reflect the neuronal disturbances responsible for the development of epilepsy and the generation of spontaneous seizures. In this manuscript, we will briefly review the intrinsic severity hypothesis, describe basic and clinical research on HFOs in the epileptic brain, and based on this evidence discuss whether HFOs could be a clinical measure of epilepsy severity. Understanding the mechanisms of DRE is critical for producing breakthroughs in the development and testing of novel strategies for treatment.

• EEG
• drug-resistant epilepsy
• epilepsy
• epilepsy severity

• Animals
• Brain Waves/physiology
• Drug Resistant Epilepsy
• Electroencephalography
• Epilepsy/drug therapy
• Seizures

• R01 NS033310 NINDS NIH HHS
• R01 NS106957 NINDS NIH HHS
• R37 NS033310 NINDS NIH HHS
• National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

Epilepsy is a syndrome characterized by transient, rigid, paroxysmal, and repetitive central nervous system dysfunction. Prevention, control, and improvement of cognitive and behavioral dysfunction are of great significance for improving the patients’ intellectual development and quality of life. Electroencephalograms (EEG) can predict an accelerated decline in cognitive function.

To determine the clinical and EEG characteristics and treatment results of benign epilepsy in spiking children.

A total of 106 cases of benign epilepsy in children with myocardial spines treated at our hospital from January 2017 to January 2020 were selected. Differences in clinical data and EGG characteristics between treatment-effective/-ineffective patients were analyzed, and children’s intellectual development before and after treatment evaluated using the Gesell Development Diagnostic Scale.

EEG showed that the discharge proportion in the awake and sleep periods was 66.04%, and the peak/peak discharge was mainly single-sided, accounting for 81.13%, while the discharge generalization accounted for 31.13%. There was no significant difference in any of these variables between sexes and ages (P > 0.05). The proportion of patients with early onset (< 5 years old) and seizure frequency > 3 times/half a year was 40.00% and 60.00%, respectively; the incidence rate and seizure frequency in the younger age group (< 5 years old) were significantly higher than those in the treatment-effective group (P < 0.05), while the discharge index was significantly lower than that in the treatment-effective group (P < 0.05). The discharge index was negatively correlated with fine motor skill and language development (r = -0.274 and -0.247, respectively; P < 0.05), but not with the rest (P > 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that low age onset (< 5 years old) and seizure frequency were the factors affecting ineffective-treatment of benign epilepsy in children (odds ratio = 11.304 and 5.784, respectively; P < 0.05). The discharge index of the responsive group after treatment was significantly lower than that of the unresponsive group (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between groups after treatment in gross and fine motor skills, adaptability, language, and personal social development (P > 0.05).

The EEG of children with benign epilepsy due to spinal wave in central time zone has characteristic changes, and the therapeutic effect is influenced by age of onset and attack frequency.

• Centrotemporal spikes
• Benign epilepsy
• Children
• Electroencephalogram
• Therapeutic effect

• Acoustic Stimulation
• Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use
• Epilepsy/therapy
• Humans
• Sound

To estimate anti-seizure medication (ASM) treatment burden and its effects on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in new-onset childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (CECTS) using different treatment approaches in Kazakhstan.

Forty-three patients were followed prospectively during 2015 to 2020 for at least 2 years. Patients were divided into three groups: (1) history of ≤3 seizures (n = 32); (2) ≥4 seizures (n = 6); (3) cerebral palsy coexisting with CECTS (n = 5). The first group was subdivided into treated (n = 8) and observed (n = 24) subgroups. The shortened Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy Questionnaire (QOLCE-55) was completed by parents after 6 months of follow-up.

At the end of the study, all children had a sustained remission from seizures for at least 2 years. Differences were identified in emotional, social, and physical subscales between patients in the low seizure frequency group. Signs of low self-esteem, anxiety, depression, limited social interaction owing to pharmacotherapy, painful medical procedures, and stigma were reasons for decreased HRQOL in the treated subgroup. Overall HRQOL in treated (89.2 ± 5.2) patients was significantly decreased compared with observed children with low seizure frequency (98.0 ± 3.0).

ASM therapy does not necessarily improve and may decrease HRQOL in children with low seizure frequency CECTS.

• Childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes
• Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy Questionnaire-55
• anti-seizure medication
• cerebral palsy
• health-related quality of life

• electroencephalography
• high-frequency brain oscillations
• magnetoencephalography
• noninvasive

The study of high frequency oscillations (HFO) in the electroencephalogram (EEG) as biomarkers of epileptic activity has merely focused on their spatial location and relationship to the epileptogenic zone. It has been suggested in several ways that the amount of HFO at a certain point in time may reflect the disease activity or severity. This could be clinically useful in several ways, especially as noninvasive recording of HFO appears feasible. We grouped the potential hypotheses into 4 categories: (1) HFO as biomarkers to predict the development of epilepsy; (2) HFO as biomarkers to predict the occurrence of seizures; (3) HFO as biomarkers linked to the severity of epilepsy, and (4) HFO as biomarkers to evaluate outcome of treatment. We will review the literature that addresses these 4 hypotheses and see to what extent HFO can be used to measure seizure propensity and help determine prognosis of this unpredictable disease.

• EEG
• childhood epilepsy
• epileptogenesis
• high frequency oscillations
• seizure activity