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Yuan L, Lin W, Cao Y, Lv J, Chao S, Liu Y, Ma J, Guo J, Ke Y, Wang L, Tie J. Disinfection efficacy of peroxyacetic acid against bacterial spores. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2025; 487:137128. [PMID: 39813925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2024] [Revised: 12/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2025] [Indexed: 01/18/2025]
Abstract
Peracetic acid (PAA) is an emerging disinfectant known to be highly effective against various microorganisms. However, the capability of PAA to eliminate spores under different conditions and its application in liquid and gaseous forms remain unclear. Here, we aimed to develop a stabilized single-composite PAA and evaluate its disinfection efficacy in both liquid and gaseous form against suspended or surface-coated spores under varying temperature and humidity conditions. The results showed that PAA is a highly effective sporicide, with efficacy influenced by lower temperatures and humidity. Both gaseous (vapor and fog) and liquid forms showed strong sporicidal activity, with the fog (droplet) requiring less consumption than the vapor (converted into gas by heating). Our study showed that at high humidity (68 ± 2 %), 90 mg·m⁻³ vapor and 10 mg·m-³ fog achieved a 6-log reduction on cloth within 90 and 120 min, respectively. At lower humidity (55 ± 2 %), 100 mg·m⁻³ vapor and 10 mg·m-³ fog achieved lower reductions at 2-log and 0.7-log, respectively, both within 120 min. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the sporicidal efficacy of PAA under various conditions, highlighting its potential in aerosol droplet disinfection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yuan
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; Center for Disease Control and Prevention of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Weishi Lin
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yue Cao
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; Center for Disease Control and Prevention of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Junping Lv
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Siqi Chao
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yulei Liu
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jinpeng Guo
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yuehua Ke
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China.
| | - Lu Wang
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Jinfeng Tie
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100071, China.
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Aucinaite R, Nedzinskiene E, Peciuliene V, Dumbryte I. The Antimicrobial Efficacy of Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorhexidine in Gutta-Percha Cone Decontamination: A Systematic Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2025; 18:1539. [PMID: 40271740 PMCID: PMC11990725 DOI: 10.3390/ma18071539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2025] [Revised: 03/16/2025] [Accepted: 03/26/2025] [Indexed: 04/25/2025]
Abstract
This systematic review aims to compare the efficacy of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) in decontaminating gutta-percha (GP) cones against endodontic pathogens-Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Candida albicans (C. albicans)-within 0-10 min. A systematic search was conducted in six databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, SCIELO, Scopus, and LILACS), supplemented by manual searches performed independently by three reviewers. No publication year restrictions were applied, and only English-language studies were included. This review followed the PRISMA statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). The risk of bias was assessed using six parameters with a modified Cochrane risk of bias tool. Out of 309 potentially eligible studies, 216 were screened by title and abstract, 32 were selected for full-text assessments, and 7 were included. All studies had a moderate or high risk of bias. The majority of the included studies showed that higher NaOCl concentrations effectively eliminate E. faecalis and S. aureus within 1-5 min. However, data on CHX's antimicrobial effect on C. albicans were limited. The qualitative analysis suggests that NaOCl remains the most effective agent for GP decontamination, while CHX with additives shows potential against fungal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruta Aucinaite
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Zalgirio 115, 08217 Vilnius, Lithuania; (V.P.); (I.D.)
| | - Egle Nedzinskiene
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Zalgirio 115, 08217 Vilnius, Lithuania; (V.P.); (I.D.)
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Raška F, Lipový B, Kobzová Š, Vacek L, Jarošová R, Kleknerová D, Matiašková K, Makovický P, Vícenová M, Jeklová E, Pantůček R, Faldyna M, Janda L. Development of a porcine model of skin and soft-tissue infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains suitable for testing topical antimicrobial agents. Animal Model Exp Med 2025; 8:544-557. [PMID: 39482270 PMCID: PMC11904108 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 11/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In view of the ever-increasing representation of Staphylococcus spp. strains resistant to various antibiotics, the development of in vivo models for evaluation of novel antimicrobials is of utmost importance. METHODS In this article, we describe the development of a fully immunocompetent porcine model of extensive skin and soft tissue damage suitable for testing topical antimicrobial agents that matches the real clinical situation. The model was developed in three consecutive stages with protocols for each stage amended based on the results of the previous one. RESULTS In the final model, 10 excisions of the skin and underlying soft tissue were created in each pig under general anesthesia, with additional incisions to the fascia performed at the base of the defects and immediately inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus suspension. One pig was not inoculated and used as the negative control. Subsequently, the bandages were changed on Days 4, 8, 11, and 15. At these time points, a filter paper imprint technique (FPIT) was made from each wound for semi-quantitative microbiological evaluation. Tissue samples from the base of the wound together with the adjacent intact tissue of three randomly selected defects of each pig were taken for microbiological, histopathological, and molecular-biological examination. The infection with the inoculated S. aureus strains was sufficient during the whole experiment as confirmed by both FPIT and from tissue samples. The dynamics of the inflammatory markers and clinical signs of infection are also described. CONCLUSIONS A successfully developed porcine model is suitable for in vivo testing of novel short-acting topical antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Raška
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of MedicineInstitution Shared with University Hospital Brno, Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Břetislav Lipový
- Department of Burns Medicine, Third Faculty of MedicineCharles University and University Hospital Kralovske VinohradyVinohradyPragueCzech Republic
- CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of TechnologyBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Šárka Kobzová
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive MedicineVeterinary Research InstituteBrnoCzech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Lukáš Vacek
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive MedicineVeterinary Research InstituteBrnoCzech Republic
- Department of MicrobiologySt. Anne's University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Rea Jarošová
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive MedicineVeterinary Research InstituteBrnoCzech Republic
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Animal Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciencesMendel University in BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Dominika Kleknerová
- Department of MicrobiologySt. Anne's University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Katarína Matiašková
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive MedicineVeterinary Research InstituteBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Peter Makovický
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive MedicineVeterinary Research InstituteBrnoCzech Republic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OstravaOstravaCzech Republic
| | - Monika Vícenová
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive MedicineVeterinary Research InstituteBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Edita Jeklová
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive MedicineVeterinary Research InstituteBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Roman Pantůček
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Martin Faldyna
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive MedicineVeterinary Research InstituteBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Lubomír Janda
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive MedicineVeterinary Research InstituteBrnoCzech Republic
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Pauletto G, Guerim PHF, Barbosa AB, Lopes LQS, Bier CAS, Marquezan PK. Efficacy of calcium hypochlorite in disinfection of gutta-percha cones contaminated with Candida albicans. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:403-410. [PMID: 38225531 PMCID: PMC10920541 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01255-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the efficacy of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2.5% calcium hypochlorite [Ca(OCl)2], and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) in the rapid disinfection of gutta-percha cones contaminated with Candida albicans. The minimum inhibitory and minimum fungicidal concentrations of each solution for C. albicans were determined and the ability of each solution to destroy and inhibit biofilm in culture wells was tested. In addition, ninety-eight gutta-percha cones contaminated with the fungal suspension were disinfected according to the type of solution (2.5% NaOCl, 2.5% Ca(OCl)2 or 2% CHX) in its different application methods (without agitation, ultrasonic agitation or agitation with Easy Clean), and regarding the exposure time to each irrigating solution (1 or 5 min). Next, the samples were checked for turbidity and evaluation of viable colonies. The compounds that showed the best performance in biofilm destruction were NaOCl and Ca(OCl)2 at a concentration of 2xMIC (p < 0.001). Regarding inhibited biofilm, the only compound that was effective at all MIC concentrations tested was 2.5% Ca(OCl)2 (p < 0.0001). Regarding the viable colonies, all solutions were effective concerning the control group, for all application methods, in 1 and 5 min (p < 0.05). The densitometer reading showed that CHX was the only effective solution in all application methods performed (p < 0.05). The results demonstrate that all tested solutions were effective in the rapid decontamination of cones contaminated with C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Pauletto
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Roraima Avenue #1000, T Street, Building 26F, Room 2383, Santa Maria, Rio Grande Do Sul State, 97.105-900, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Henrique Fortes Guerim
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande Do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Arthur Brites Barbosa
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande Do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Quintana Soares Lopes
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande Do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Souza Bier
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Roraima Avenue #1000, T Street, Building 26F, Room 2383, Santa Maria, Rio Grande Do Sul State, 97.105-900, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Kolling Marquezan
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande Do Sul State, Brazil
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Tan XL, Chen X, Fu YJ, Ye L, Zhang L, Huang DM. Diverse microbiota in palatal radicular groove analyzed by Illumina sequencing: Four case reports. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:6846-6857. [PMID: 34447834 PMCID: PMC8362521 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i23.6846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A palatal radicular groove is an unusual developmental deformity of the tooth, which may serve as a channel linking the periodontal and periapical inflammation, and yet no literature could be obtained analyzing microbiota within the palatal radicular grooves.
CASE SUMMARY Four patients diagnosed with palatal radicular groove and concomitant periodontal-endodontic deformity in permanent maxillary lateral incisors were enrolled in this work. Twelve bacterial samples from 4 patients were collected from different parts of the palatal radicular groove during intentional replantation surgery. Illumina sequencing was performed to analyze the taxonomical composition and microbiome structure inside the palatal grooves, and 1162 operational taxonomic units were obtained. The phyla of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria predominated in most of the samples. An unknown genus from the Bacillaceae family, Lactococcus, and Porphyromonas were the most abundant genera identified. There was no difference in the microbiota richness and diversity in three sections of the groove.
CONCLUSION The unique ecological niches inside the palatal grooves harbored bacterial communities that shared some component features of both the endodontic and periodontal infections. The existence of palatal groove may play an interaction bridge between the root apex and tooth cervix and thus impair the outcome of traditional therapeutic methods such as root canal treatment and periodontal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lian Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yu-Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ding-Ming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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Dioguardi M, Laneve E, Di Cosola M, Cazzolla AP, Sovereto D, Aiuto R, Laino L, Leanza T, Alovisi M, Troiano G, Lo Muzio L. The Effects of Sterilization Procedures on the Cutting Efficiency of Endodontic Instruments: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14061559. [PMID: 33810097 PMCID: PMC8004799 DOI: 10.3390/ma14061559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sterilization processes guarantee the sterility of dental instruments but can negatively affect instrument features by altering their physical and mechanical properties. The endodontic instrumentation can undergo a series of alterations, ranging from corrosion to variation in the cutting angle and then changes in the torsional properties and torsional fatigue resistance. This systematic literature review and meta-analysis aims to investigate alterations to the cutting efficiency of endodontic instruments that are induced by procedures for their disinfection and sterilization. Methodologies adopted for this investigation follow the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. The following were used as search terms on PubMed and Scopus: "endodontic sterilization", "endodontic autoclave", "cyclic fatigue", "torsional", "cutting efficiency", "sterilization", "surface characteristics", and "corrosion". At the end of the selection process, 36 articles were identified, and seven of them are included in this systematic review. The results of a meta-analysis conducted for the use of 10 autoclaving cycles shows a standardized mean difference (SMD) of 0.80 with a p-value equal to 0.04 with respect to effect on cutting efficiency. The network meta-analysis, through direct and indirect comparison between the different autoclave cycles (0, 1, 5, 10, and 15 cycles), revealed that treatment involving 15 autoclave cycles produced the most robust results in terms of having the greatest effects in terms of altered cutting efficiency with a probability of 57.7% and a SUCRA (surface under the cumulative ranking) of 80%. The alterations in the effects on cutting efficiency appear to be triggered after five cycles of sterilization by heat (autoclave). In conclusion, the meta-analysis of the data indicates that the autoclave sterilization protocol must not be repeated more than five times to preserve cutting efficiency. Within the limitations of this review, we can therefore establish that sterilization by autoclaving alone results in steel and NiTi instruments becoming less efficient in cutting after five cycles, as measured by a reduction in cutting efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Dioguardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (E.L.); (M.D.C.); (A.P.C.); (D.S.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Enrica Laneve
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (E.L.); (M.D.C.); (A.P.C.); (D.S.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Michele Di Cosola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (E.L.); (M.D.C.); (A.P.C.); (D.S.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Angela Pia Cazzolla
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (E.L.); (M.D.C.); (A.P.C.); (D.S.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Diego Sovereto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (E.L.); (M.D.C.); (A.P.C.); (D.S.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Riccardo Aiuto
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Science, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Luigi Laino
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Teresa Leanza
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Mario Alovisi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School, University of Turin, 10127 Turin, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Troiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (E.L.); (M.D.C.); (A.P.C.); (D.S.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (E.L.); (M.D.C.); (A.P.C.); (D.S.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
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Management of Instrument Sterilization Workflow in Endodontics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Dent 2020; 2020:5824369. [PMID: 32148504 PMCID: PMC7035513 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5824369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endodontic treatment consists of different working procedures, such as the isolation of the operating field, pulp chamber access, and cleaning and shaping phases with at last the need of a three-dimensional filling of the canals. Each step requires a series of single-use or sterilizable instruments. We have performed a systematic review of different sterilization and disinfection procedures aiming at drawing up a disinfection and sterilization procedure to be used on endodontic instruments. A search on PubMed and Scopus was carried out using the following keywords: “endodontic sterilization,” “endodontic autoclave,” “decontamination dental bur,” “sterilization dental burs,” and “gutta-percha points sterilization.” Eligible articles were included in the qualitative and quantitative analysis. Results of the meta-analysis showed that the most effective method in sterilization is autoclaving. The qualitative analysis showed that the use of single-use or first-use instruments requires presterilization or sterilization procedures, and for reusable tools, attention must be paid to the removal of debris deposited on the blades, not easy to remove manually.
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Vitali FC, Nomura LH, Delai D, Henriques DHN, Alves AMH, da Fonseca Roberti Garcia L, Bortoluzzi EA, Teixeira CS. Disinfection and surface changes of gutta-percha cones after immersion in sodium hypochlorite solution containing surfactant. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:1290-1296. [PMID: 30993775 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of 1 and 5.25% NaOCl solutions, with or without surfactant, in disinfecting gutta-percha cones. Surface changes of the gutta-percha cones after disinfection were also assessed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). One-hundred and eight gutta-percha cones previously contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis were left in contact for 30 s or 1 min with the following solutions (n = 12): 1% NaOCl; 1% NaOCl + 2% cetrimide; 5.25% NaOCl; 5.25% NaOCl + 2% cetrimide. Positive control group was composed by the remaining contaminated cones (n = 12), and the negative control group by noncontaminated cones (n = 12). The cones were kept in Eppendorf tubes containing Trypticase Soy Broth at 37°C for 24 hr, and then, the presence of turbidity was analyzed. Ten additional cones (n = 2) were observed under SEM to evaluate surface changes after 1 min of disinfection. The data analysis (Kruskal-Wallis test, α = 5%) demonstrated that regardless the presence of surfactant, the NaOCl solutions used were effective in the disinfection when cones were immersed for 1 min. However, at the 30-s period, only the 5.25% NaOCl solution was effective. SEM analysis demonstrated that NaOCl solutions promoted the formation of sodium chloride crystals on cones surface, less visible when the 1% NaOCl associated to surfactant was used. The addition of surfactant did not affect the disinfection capacity of NaOCl solutions. However, the surfactant has apparently inhibited the sodium chloride crystals deposition on the cones surface when associated to 1% NaOCl solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe C Vitali
- Department of Dentistry/Endodontics, Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Lincon H Nomura
- Department of Dentistry/Endodontics, Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Débora Delai
- Department of Dentistry/Endodontics, Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Dilma H N Henriques
- Department of Dentistry/Endodontics, Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ana M H Alves
- Department of Dentistry/Endodontics, Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo A Bortoluzzi
- Department of Dentistry/Endodontics, Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Cleonice S Teixeira
- Department of Dentistry/Endodontics, Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Fortes CBB, Collares FM, Leitune VCB, Schiroky PR, Rodrigues SB, Samuel SMW, Petzhold CL, Stefani V. Effect of disinfection techniques on physical-mechanical properties of a microwave-activated acrylic resin. POLIMEROS 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.004616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mezzomo VC, Werlang AC, Fornari VJ, Hartmann MSM. Avaliação das soluções de Clorexidina e de Hipoclorito de Sódio na descontaminação de cones de guta percha contaminados por Enterococcus faecalis. JOURNAL OF ORAL INVESTIGATIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.18256/2238-510x.2017.v6i2.1800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a efetividade das soluções de Clorexidina e do Hipoclorito de Sódio na descontaminação de cones de guta percha. O estudo foi realizado em duplicata, e em cada um dos testes cones de guta percha #40 foram utilizados. 24 cones foram contaminados com Enterococcus faecalis. Os cones contaminados foram divididos em grupos, conforme a solução (Clorexidina a 2%, Clorexidina a 0,2% e Hipoclorito de Sódio a 2,5%) e o tempo para a descontaminação (15, 30 e 60 segundos, 2, 5 e 10 minutos). Para o controle positivo, 6 cones foram contaminados e imersos em água destilada, pelo mesmo tempo dos tratamentos. Para o controle negativo, 6 cones foram retirados da caixa lacrada sem serem contaminados ou descontaminados. Após a desinfeção, os cones foram lavados e introduzidos em tubos de ensaio contendo caldo BHI e levados a estufa bacteriológica a 37º por 48 horas. Após, os tubos de ensaio foram analisados a partir do crescimento bacteriano e feito o plaqueamento em agar cromogênico. Os resultados demonstraram que a solução de Clorexidina a 0,2% não foi eficaz na descontaminação dos cones de guta percha em nenhum tempo estudado; a Clorexidina a 2% foi eficaz na descontaminação de cones em 10 minutos e que o Hipoclorito de Sódio foi eficaz a partir dos 60 segundos. Concluiu-se que o Hipoclorito de Sódio a 2,5% foi a solução que descontaminou os cones de guta percha no menor tempo.
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Survival of Endodontically Treated Roots/Teeth Based on Periapical Health and Retention: A 10-year Retrospective Cohort Study. J Endod 2017; 43:2001-2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Makade CS, Shenoi PR, Morey E, Paralikar AV. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity and efficacy of herbal oils and extracts in disinfection of gutta percha cones before obturation. Restor Dent Endod 2017; 42:264-272. [PMID: 29142874 PMCID: PMC5682142 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2017.42.4.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Literature has shown that micro-organisms contaminate gutta percha (GP) during storage and manipulation. Till date herbal extracts are not explored as an alternative medicament for pre-operative chairside disinfection of GP cones. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and efficacy of lemon grass oil (LG), basil oil (BO), and obicure tea extract (OT) in disinfecting GP cones before obturation. Materials and Methods Agar diffusion method was used to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of LG, BO, OT, and sodium hypochlorite (control) against common contaminants, namely, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. One hundred and twenty GP cones were contaminated and cut into 2. First half was placed in the broth and incubated; whereas the second was treated with herbal extracts for 1 minute and then incubated for 24 hours in the broth. Any inhibition in bacterial growth was noted with presence/absence of turbidity. Two-way analysis of variance and χ2 test were used to assess the effectiveness of herbal extracts to decontaminate GP. Results LG showed the highest inhibition zones (29.9 ± 6.9 mm) for all tested organisms, followed by OT extract (16.3 ± 1.8 mm), sodium hypochlorite (16.0 ± 1.6 mm), and BO (14.5 ± 5.3 mm). Statistically significant difference was observed between LG and other herbal extracts (p < 0.05). Conclusions All extracts proved to be potential rapid chairside disinfectants of GP cones with LG showing the highest antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetana S Makade
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, VSPM Dental College & Research Centre, Nagpur, MH, India
| | - Pratima R Shenoi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, VSPM Dental College & Research Centre, Nagpur, MH, India
| | - Elakshi Morey
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, VSPM Dental College & Research Centre, Nagpur, MH, India
| | - Ameya V Paralikar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, VSPM Dental College & Research Centre, Nagpur, MH, India
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Chandrappa MM, Meharwade PM, Srinivasan R, Bhandary S, Nasreen F. Antimicrobial effect of three disinfecting agents on Resilon cones and their effect on surface topography: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2016; 19:134-7. [PMID: 27099418 PMCID: PMC4815540 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.178689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), and 2% peracetic acid (PAA) in disinfecting Resilon cones and to evaluate topographical changes microscopically under scanning electron microscope (SEM) after rapid chemical disinfection. Materials and Methods: Resilon cones were disinfected in an ultraviolet (UV) light chamber for 20 min and contaminated by immersing in a microbial suspension of Enterococcus faecalis for 30 min. The contaminated cones were then immersed in the 5.25% NaOCl, 2% CHX, and 2% PAA for 1 min, 5 min, and 10 min, separately. The cones were then incubated at 37°C in thioglycollate broth for 7 days and examined for turbidity. The samples showing turbidity were subcultured on blood agar and incubated at 37°C for 48 h. Gram staining was done to confirm that the cultured bacteria were E. faecalis. Surface changes of disinfected Resilon cones were evaluated under SEM. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were analyzed statistically using Kruskal-Wallis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Mann–Whitney U-test. Result: In eliminating E. faecalis, 5.25% NaOCl was most effective followed by 2% PAA and 2% CHX. Topographic examination of tested Resilon cones revealed some surface deposits after disinfection with 5.25% NaOCl and 2% CHX, whereas 2% PAA caused surface erosion. Conclusion: In disinfecting Resilon cones, 5.25% NaOCl is most effective followed by 2% PAA and 2% CHX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Martur Chandrappa
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, AECS Maaruti College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prasanna Mahadevasa Meharwade
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, AECS Maaruti College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghu Srinivasan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, AECS Maaruti College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shreetha Bhandary
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, AECS Maaruti College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Farhat Nasreen
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, AECS Maaruti College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Hamza MOB, Gufran K, Baroudi K. Assessment of the Potential of CFC (Calcium hydroxide Flagyl Ciprofloxacin) for the Rapid Disinfection of Resilon and Gutta-Percha. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:ZC40-3. [PMID: 26557614 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/13442.6619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obturating materials exposed to the dental operating environment has been shown to be contaminated, making rapid chair side disinfection mandatory to ensure the sterility of the root canals. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of CFC (combination of Calcium hydroxide, Flagyl and Ciprofloxacin) for the rapid disinfection of Gutta-percha and Resilon cones. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy new Gutta-percha and Resilon cones were randomly selected, contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis and divided into 4 group according to the irrigant used for disinfection {Group I: 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl), Group II: MTAD, Group III: 2% Chlorhexidine (CHX), Group IV: CFC (a combination of Calcium hydroxide, Flagyl and Ciprofloxacin)}. All the samples were placed in a centrifuge tube with BHI broth after being washed with sterile water. The samples were then incubated for 7 days at 37(o)C. Samples were randomly plated on Mac Conkey agar plate and the colony count was recorded and the observations were drawn. RESULTS A 5.25% NaOCl required 1 minute exposure for effective disinfection of all the samples. MTAD could eliminate E.faecalis from gutta-percha samples in 30 seconds whereas it required 1 minute of exposure for Resilon cones. Both 2% CHX and CFC could not disinfect the samples with 1 minute exposure and a minimum of 5 minute exposure was required. CONCLUSION A 5.25% NaOCl and Biopure MTAD required less chair side time to disinfect all the samples effectively when compared with 2% CHX and CFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Omer Bin Hamza
- Lecturer, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Al-Farabi Colleges , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Gufran
- Lecturer, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Salman Bin Abdul Aziz University , Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kusai Baroudi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Al-Farabi Colleges , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang C, Du J, Peng Z. Correlation between Enterococcus faecalis and Persistent Intraradicular Infection Compared with Primary Intraradicular Infection: A Systematic Review. J Endod 2015; 41:1207-13. [PMID: 26015157 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The relationship between Enterococcus faecalis and pulpal or periradicular diseases has been studied for many years; however, whether E. faecalis is correlated with persistent intraradicular infections (teeth after failed endodontic treatments) compared with primary intraradicular infections remains controversial. The objective of this systematic review was to compare the prevalence of E. faecalis in primary and persistent intraradicular infections. METHODS An exhaustive literature search combined with specified inclusion criteria was performed to collect all studies comparing the prevalence of E. faecalis in root canals with primary and persistent intraradicular infections. Descriptive statistics were applied first because of the high heterogeneity among studies. Subgroup analysis according to different detecting methods (culture and polymerase chain reaction) and sensitivity analysis was then applied. Meta-analysis was conducted with the help of Stata/SE 12.0 (StataCorp, College Station, TX) after excluding studies with uncertain forms of pulpal and periradicular lesions in their primary infection groups. RESULTS The systematic review included 10 studies covering 972 teeth. Among them, 2 studies used the culture technique, 6 studies used polymerase chain reaction, and the other 2 used both techniques. The detection rate of E. faecalis by both methods was higher in persistent infections compared with untreated chronic periapical periodontitis as primary infections. The difference was statistically significant (odds ratio = 7.247; 95% confidence interval, 4.039-13.002). CONCLUSIONS E. faecalis is more highly correlated with persistent intraradicular infections compared with untreated chronic periapical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjiao Zhang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianrong Du
- Department of Stomatology, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhixiang Peng
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Aktemur Turker S, Aslan MH, Uzunoglu E, Ozcelik B. Antimicrobial and structural effects of different irrigation solutions on gutta-percha cones. J Istanb Univ Fac Dent 2015; 49:27-32. [PMID: 28955522 PMCID: PMC5573460 DOI: 10.17096/jiufd.92774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the alterations on the surface of gutta-percha cones (GPCs) on exposure to the different irrigation solutions and
their possible antibacterial effect against Enterococcus faecalis. (E. faecalis) Materials and Methods: Disinfection ability of different solutions (5.25% sodium hypochlorite, 2% chlorhexidine, 1% peracetic acid, and QMix) were tested with 96 GPCs and
the time of exposure to each solution was 5 and 10 minutes, respectively. GPCs used in this study were contaminated with E.faecalis. After disinfection,
GPCs were placed in tubes containing the medium and incubated at 37˚C for 7 days. All tubes were visually checked for turbidity at 24-hour intervals.
About 92 new GPCs were analyzed by means of SEM/EDS to assess the topography and chemical elements present on their surface. The data generated was analyzed
using Pearson chi-square test, p<0.05. Results: There were no significant statistical differences in disinfection quality between the irrigation solutions used on GPCs contaminated with E.
faecalis (p>0.05). SEM/EDS analyses showed no alteration in the superficial features of GPCs after treating with various irrigation solutions. Conclusion: QMix was found to be an effective agent for rapid disinfection of GPCs as well-known irrigation solutions. Irrigation solutions were found to
have sterilized the GPCs after both 5 and 10 minutes of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevinc Aktemur Turker
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak Turkey
| | - Mehtap Hulya Aslan
- Microbiology Laboratory, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum Turkey
| | - Emel Uzunoglu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara Turkey
| | - Bahar Ozcelik
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara Turkey
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Cord CB, Velasco RVC, Ribeiro Melo Lima LF, Rocha DGP, da Silveira Bueno CE, Pinheiro SL. Effective analysis of the use of peracetic acid after instrumentation of root canals contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis. J Endod 2014; 40:1145-8. [PMID: 25069922 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of peracetic acid (PAA) in cleaning root canals contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis. METHODS Sixty first and second mandibular molars were used. Their mesiobuccal canals were prepared with the Reciproc System (VDW, Munich, Germany). The canals were irrigated with 10 mL saline during instrumentation. The teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 20), according to the irrigation solution to be used after instrumentation: group PAA (5 mL 1% PAA), group EDTA/sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) (5 mL 17% EDTA followed by 5 mL 2.5% sodium hypochlorite), and group S (5 mL saline). Microbiological samples were collected before instrumentation and after final irrigation. Bacterial quantification was performed by counting the number of colony-forming units (CFUs/mL). The results were analyzed by the nonparametric Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS The 3 groups showed a significant reduction (P < .05) in CFUs/mL after final irrigation. PAA and NaOCl associated with EDTA produced a significantly higher reduction in CFUs/mL (P < .05) compared with saline. There was no statistically significant difference between PAA and EDTA + 2.5% NaOCl (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS According to the results of the present study, the effectiveness of 1% PAA was similar to that of 17% EDTA + 2.5% NaOCl in cleaning curved root canals contaminated with E. faecalis.
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