1
|
Drewa J, Lazar-Juszczak K, Adamowicz J, Juszczak K. May Patients Receiving GLP-1 Agonists Be at Lower Risk of Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness and Progression? Cancers (Basel) 2025; 17:1576. [PMID: 40361502 PMCID: PMC12071316 DOI: 10.3390/cancers17091576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2025] [Revised: 04/27/2025] [Accepted: 05/03/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION GLP-1 receptor agonists are valuable therapeutic agents for managing obesity and type 2 diabetes. The link between prostate cancer and obesity was described. The modulation of incretin hormone-dependent pathways may decrease the prostate cancer aggressiveness and progression. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to review and summarize the literature on the role of GLP-1 agonists in prostate cancer. MATERIAL & METHODS We performed a scoping literature review of PubMed from January 2002 to February 2025. Search terms included "glucagon-peptide like 1", "incretin hormone", "GLP-1 receptor agonist", and "prostate cancer". Secondary search involved reference lists of eligible articles. The key criterion was to identify studies that included GLP-1 receptor, incretin hormones, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and their role in prostate cancer development. RESULTS 77 publications were selected for inclusion in this review. The studies contained in publications allowed us to summarize the data on the role of GLP-1 receptor and it's agonists in prostate cancer biology and development. The following review aims to discuss and provide information about the role of incretin hormones in prostate cancer pathogenesis and its clinical implication in patients with prostate cancer. CONCLUSION Incretin hormone-dependent pathways play an important role in prostate cancer pathogenesis. Moreover, GLP-1 receptor agonists seems to be a promising therapeutical agents when it comes to finding new therapies in patients with more aggressive and/or advanced stages of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Drewa
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Lazar-Juszczak
- Primary Health Care Clinic of the Ujastek Medical Center, Krakow University of Health Promotion, 31-158 Cracow, Poland
| | - Jan Adamowicz
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Kajetan Juszczak
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang W, Cao L, Sun J, Zhang C. Interaction between asthma and overweight/obesity on cancer results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2018. Allergy Asthma Proc 2025; 46:e82-e90. [PMID: 40380364 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2025.46.250002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2025]
Abstract
Background and Aims: Asthma, overweight/obesity, and cancer are closely related major public health problems. This study aimed to investigate the interaction between asthma and overweight/obesity on the cancer risk. Methods: We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2018. Participants ages ≥ 20 years with information on asthma status, body mass index (BMI), and cancer diagnosis were included. Multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for relevant covariates were used to examine the associations among asthma, overweight/obesity, and cancer risk. In addition, we assessed the additive interaction between asthma and overweight/obesity on the cancer risk by using measures, including the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion of interaction (AP), and synergy index (S). Results: In total, 26,320 participants met the inclusion criteria. Asthma was associated with an increased risk of cancer (odds ratio [OR] 1.37 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.17-1.59]), whereas overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²) was also significantly associated with an elevated cancer risk (OR 1.97 [95% CI, 1.32-2.94]). Notably, a significant interaction between asthma and overweight/obesity was observed in relation to the cancer risk (RERI 0.49 [95% CI, 0.02-0.96]; AP 0.20 [95% CI, 0.04, 0.37]; S 1.53 [95% CI, 1.01-2.32]). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated a synergistic interaction between asthma and overweight/obesity on the cancer risk. The combined effect of asthma and overweight/obesity on the cancer risk exceeded the sum of their individual effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- From the Department of Oncology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo City, Shandong Province, China and
| | - Lili Cao
- From the Department of Oncology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo City, Shandong Province, China and
| | - Jiubo Sun
- From the Department of Oncology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo City, Shandong Province, China and
| | - Cui Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang J, An H, Tao N. Association of non-insulin-based insulin resistance indices, mean platelet volume and prostate cancer: a cross-sectional study. BMC Cancer 2025; 25:795. [PMID: 40295970 PMCID: PMC12039131 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-025-13839-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2025] [Accepted: 02/28/2025] [Indexed: 04/30/2025] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Insulin resistance and prostate cancer (PCa) association results remain controversial. However, few studies have compared the role of various non-insulin-based insulin resistance (NI-IR) indices and mean platelet volume (MPV) in PCa. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study, the case group included 354 patients with PCa, and the control group included 1,498 non-PCa participants. We performed inverse probability weighting to reduce the impact of differences in baseline information between the case and control groups on results. Weighted logistic regression analysis for assessing the relationship between NI-IR indices and PCa risk. Fitting 4-point restricted cubic spline (RCS) plots to show the trend of NI-IR indices with PCa risk. The interaction between insulin resistance and platelet volume based on generalized additive model (GAM) to reveal the impact of the interaction between insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk on PCa. In the end, we performed three sensitivity analyses to verify the stability of results. RESULTS Weighted logistic regression analysis revealed that all NI-IR indices were associated with PCa. When NI-IR indices were evaluated as continuous variables, in the all variables adjusted model (model 3), the adjusted OR of ZJU index was 1.337 (95%CI: 1.296-1.379), the adjusted OR of TyG index was 5.300 (95%CI:4.208-6.675), the adjusted OR of TG/HDL-c was 1.431 (95%CI:1.335-1.534), and the adjusted OR of METS-IR was 1.129 (95%CI:1.110-1.149). When NI-IR indices were analyzed as categorical variables, also in model 3, using Q1 as reference, the adjusted OR of ZJU index in Q5 was 15.592 (95%CI:10.809-22.492), the adjusted OR of TyG index in Q5 was 7.306 (95%CI:5.182-10.301), the adjusted OR of TG/HDL-c in Q5 was 4.790 (95%CI:3.459-6.632), and the adjusted OR of METS-IR in Q5 was 9.844 (95%CI:6.862-14.121). RCS displayed that PCa risk tended to increase as the ZJU index, TyG index, TG/HDL-c, and METS-IR increased. The interaction test based on the GAM indicated that the value of the interaction between TG/HDL-c and MPV on the PCa risk was χ2 = 6.924(P = 0.009). With the increase in TG/HDL-c and the decrease in MPV, the PCa risk progressively increases. The sensitivity analysis further confirmed the robustness of the results. CONCLUSIONS NI-IR indices were associated with an increased PCa risk. The interaction between MPV and insulin resistance may further contribute to the PCa risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinru Wang
- College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Hengqing An
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China.
| | - Ning Tao
- College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Stocks T, Häggström C, Fritz J. Collider Bias Is an Insufficient Explanation for the Inverse Obesity Paradox in Prostate Cancer. Cancer Med 2025; 14:e70871. [PMID: 40231651 PMCID: PMC11997866 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.70871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2025] [Accepted: 04/02/2025] [Indexed: 04/16/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collider bias is often considered a potential explanation when the association between obesity and disease diagnosis differs from that with disease outcome, as seen in the "obesity paradox." For prostate cancer (PCa), in particular localized PCa, an "inverse" obesity paradox has been observed, where body mass index (BMI) is negatively associated with diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR] ~0.9 per 5-kg/m2 increase), but positively associated with PCa-specific death (HR ~ 1.2). However, collider bias in this context remains unexplored. METHODS We simulated binary disease diagnosis and outcome data, including the typically unmeasured/unknown background variable (U) that could introduce collider bias. We calculated U-unadjusted (biased) and U-adjusted (true) marginal odds ratios (OR) from a case-only analysis, and determined the bias percentage usingOR Biased - OR True / OR True × 100 $$ \left({\mathrm{OR}}_{\mathrm{Biased}}-{\mathrm{OR}}_{\mathrm{True}}\right)/{\mathrm{OR}}_{\mathrm{True}}\times 100 $$ . Similar simulations were performed for classical confounding. RESULTS Across a broad range of plausible parameter values for the PCa context, collider bias did not distort the OR of BMI on PCa death by more than 4%, equivalent to a ± 0.04 distortion in the OR estimate for continuous BMI. In comparison, classical confounding showed a higher potential for distorting BMI and PCa death associations than collider bias. CONCLUSIONS Collider bias alone is unlikely to explain the inverse obesity paradox in (localized) PCa, reinforcing some mechanistic evidence that the observed positive relationship between BMI and PCa death is real, and not a statistical artifact. This finding emphasizes the importance of exploring alternative mechanisms beyond collider bias to better understand the underlying factors driving this paradox.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Stocks
- Department of Translational MedicineLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Christel Häggström
- Northern Registry Centre, Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, OncologyUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Josef Fritz
- Department of Translational MedicineLund UniversityMalmöSweden
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health, Health Economics, Medical Statistics and InformaticsMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Oluwatuyi AO, Elekofehinti OO, Popoola HO, Akinjiyan MO, Kehinde IO, Adetoyi IR, Akinola OA, Ayodeji FO, Apeji OO, Kolawole AV, Dorcas AO, Ayodeji AS. Identification of phyto-compounds from Mangifera indica as inhibitors of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: a computational approach against prostate cancer. In Silico Pharmacol 2025; 13:50. [PMID: 40162130 PMCID: PMC11953514 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-025-00332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2025] [Indexed: 04/02/2025] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PrCa) is a serious health concern for the affected people and, there is an increasing demand for a viable therapy that can address the limitations of current treatments with minimal or no adverse effects. This study aims to evaluate phytocompounds extracts of Mangifera indica as a potential therapy development for prostate cancer. Herein, molecular docking, QSAR, molecular mechanics/generalized born surface area (MM/GBSA) estimation, ADME screening, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were performed using the Schrodinger suite to identify 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase antagonist from Mangifera indica. The results showed that fisetin (-11.669), riboflavin (-10.918), quercetin (-10.843), gallic acid 6-phenylhexyl ester (-10.817), cianidanol (-10.608), (-)-epicatechin (-10.603), ellagic acid (-10.522), Butin (-10.124) in kcal/mol were predicted to possess greater inhibitory activities against the protein target based on their high binding energies and remarkable stability compared to the standard drug, docetaxel (-7.374 kcal/mol). Fisetin (-718.37), and riboflavin (-722.37) also have better induce fit score than docetaxel (-714.02) in kcal/mol with better pharmacokinetics profile compared to the standard drug.MD simulation over 100 ns predicts that Fisetin forms stable interactions with vital residues at the catalytic site of the protein. The observations from this study predict fisetin as a putative antagonist of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and should be experimentally verified as a lead compound for prostate cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adedotun Olayemi Oluwatuyi
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
- Teady Bioscience Research Laboratory, C28 Plural Gardens Estate, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
- Phytomedicine Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
- Teady Bioscience Research Laboratory, C28 Plural Gardens Estate, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
- Phytomedicine Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Hannah Oluwaseun Popoola
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Moses Orimoloye Akinjiyan
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
- Teady Bioscience Research Laboratory, C28 Plural Gardens Estate, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
- Phytomedicine Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | | | | | - Olufemi Adebisi Akinola
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
- Teady Bioscience Research Laboratory, C28 Plural Gardens Estate, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
- Phytomedicine Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Folasade O. Ayodeji
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
- Teady Bioscience Research Laboratory, C28 Plural Gardens Estate, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
- Phytomedicine Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Olabimpe Omolola Apeji
- Phytomedicine Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | | | - Akinola Oluwadamilola Dorcas
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
- Teady Bioscience Research Laboratory, C28 Plural Gardens Estate, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
- Phytomedicine Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Alonge Sunday Ayodeji
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
- Phytomedicine Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
- Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology, Ikere-Ekiti, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Guo J, Huang T, Zhou H. Gut microbiome, dietary habits, and prostate cancer: a two-step Mendelian randomization revealing the causal associations. Discov Oncol 2025; 16:375. [PMID: 40121389 PMCID: PMC11929656 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-025-02172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2025] [Indexed: 03/25/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that diet fizzy drinks may contribute to prostate cancer (PCa) development. However, the causal effects between diet fizzy drinks and PCa and whether gut microbiota (GM) act as a mediator remain unclear. METHODS We conducted two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses utilizing large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data from the UK Biobank, the MiBioGen consortium, and PCa-related datasets. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used to evaluate the causal effects of GM and dietary preferences on PCa risk. A mediation analysis was performed to investigate whether GM mediates the relationship between dietary factors and PCa risk. RESULTS Diet fizzy drink consumption was causally associated with reduced PCa risk (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.70-0.99, P = 0.041) and decreased abundance of PCa-risk-related GM taxa (Negativicutes and Selenomonadales). Mediation analysis did not reveal a statistically significant mediation effect, with a mediation proportion of 16% (95% CI: - 0.06-0.37, P = 0.13). CONCLUSION Consumption of diet fizzy drinks may reduce the risk of PCa, potentially through modulation of the GM; however, further studies are required to confirm these findings and clarify underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Guo
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 453 Stadium Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 453 Stadium Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Heran Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 453 Stadium Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Naiki‐Ito A, Naiki T, Takahashi S. Exploring experimental models of prostate cancer in chemoprevention: Oxidative stress as a key pathway to translational research. Pathol Int 2025; 75:131-144. [PMID: 39807695 PMCID: PMC11922031 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2024] [Revised: 12/20/2024] [Accepted: 12/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2025]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men globally. Its growth is driven by oxidative stress associated with inflammation, aging, and environmental factors, including diet and lifestyle. These factors contribute to multiple stages of PCa progression, including progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Therefore, oxidative stress represents an intriguing target for PCa chemoprevention and treatment. In vivo experimental models are crucial for understanding the mechanisms of PCa development, validating chemopreventive and therapeutic approaches, and translating preclinical results into clinical applications. We established a transgenic rat for adenocarcinoma of the prostate (TRAP) model, a transgenic rat that efficiently develops androgen-dependent adenocarcinoma, pathologically and biologically mimicking human PCa progression, to clarify the mechanisms of tumor progression, including the involvement of oxidative stress, and established a system for screening the chemopreventive effects of agents against PCa. Additionally, we derived a CRPC model from the TRAP model and developed a distant metastasis model, providing a comprehensive multistage rat model of prostate carcinogenesis. This review presents findings on the molecular mechanisms of PCa and the chemopreventive effects of natural compounds with antioxidant properties, such as polyphenols. We additionally described the potential for repositioning existing drugs with antiandrogenic activity for PCa chemoprevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aya Naiki‐Ito
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor BiologyNagoya City University Graduate School of Medical SciencesNagoyaJapan
| | - Taku Naiki
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor BiologyNagoya City University Graduate School of Medical SciencesNagoyaJapan
- Department of Nephro‐urologyNagoya City University Graduate School of Medical SciencesNagoyaJapan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor BiologyNagoya City University Graduate School of Medical SciencesNagoyaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ajayi AF, Hamed MA, Onaolapo MC, Fiyinfoluwa OH, Oyeniran OI, Oluwole DT. Defining the genetic profile of prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2025; 43:164-177. [PMID: 39690078 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2024.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 11/12/2024] [Accepted: 11/16/2024] [Indexed: 12/19/2024]
Abstract
Several studies indicated that prostate cancer has a hereditary component. In particular, a significant risk of prostate cancer has been linked to a tight familial lineage. However, to provide insight into how prostate cancer is inherited, characterising its genetic profile is essential. The current body of research on the analysis of genetic mutations in prostate cancer was reviewed to achieve this. This paper reports on the effects and underlying processes of prostate cancer that have been linked to decreased male fertility. Many research approaches used have resulted in the discovery of unique inheritance patterns and manifest traits, the onset and spread of prostate cancer have also been linked to many genes. Studies have specifically examined Androgen Receptor gene variants about prostate cancer risk and disease progression. Research has shown that genetic and environmental variables are important contributors to prostate cancer, even if the true origins of the disease are not fully recognised or established. Researchers studying the genetics of prostate cancer are using genome-wide association studies more and more because of their outstanding effectiveness in revealing susceptibility loci for prostate cancer. Genome-Wide Association Studies provides a detailed method for identifying the distinct sequence of a gene that is associated with cancer risk. Surgical procedures and radiation treatments are 2 of the treatment options for prostate cancer. Notwithstanding the compelling evidence shown in this work, suggests that more research must be done to detect the gene alterations and the use of genetic variants in the treatment of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji Folorunsho Ajayi
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Biomedical operations, Anchor Biomed Research Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Moses Agbomhere Hamed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti, Nigeria; The Brainwill Laboratory, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Moyinoluwa Comfort Onaolapo
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Biomedical operations, Anchor Biomed Research Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Ogundipe Helen Fiyinfoluwa
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Biomedical operations, Anchor Biomed Research Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | | | - David Tolulope Oluwole
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Crescent University, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Drewa J, Lazar-Juszczak K, Adamowicz J, Juszczak K. Periprostatic Adipose Tissue as a Contributor to Prostate Cancer Pathogenesis: A Narrative Review. Cancers (Basel) 2025; 17:372. [PMID: 39941741 PMCID: PMC11816168 DOI: 10.3390/cancers17030372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2024] [Revised: 01/03/2025] [Accepted: 01/21/2025] [Indexed: 02/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) contributes to the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. The purpose of this study was to review and summarize the literature on the role of PPAT in prostate cancer pathogenesis. Moreover, we evaluated the clinical implication of PPAT in patients with prostate cancer. We performed a scoping literature review of PubMed from January 2002 to November 2024. Search terms included "periprostatic adipose tissue", "adipokines", and "prostate cancer". Secondary search involved reference lists of eligible articles. The key criterion was to identify studies that included PPAT, adipokines, and their role in prostate cancer biology and clinical features. In total 225 publications were selected for inclusion in this review. The studies contained in publications allowed us to summarize the data on the pathogenesis of PPAT as a contributor to prostate cancer biology and its aggressiveness. The review also presents new research directions for PPAT as a new target for the treatment of prostate cancer. Based on the current review, it can be stated that PPAT plays an important role in prostate cancer pathogenesis. Moreover, PPAT seems to be a promising target point when it comes to finding new therapies in patients with more aggressive and/or advanced stages of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Drewa
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Lazar-Juszczak
- Primary Health Care Clinic of the Ujastek Medical Center, 31-752 Cracow, Poland
- Krakow University of Health Promotion, 31-158 Cracow, Poland
| | - Jan Adamowicz
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Kajetan Juszczak
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee SF, Nikšić M, Luque-Fernandez MA. Understanding the role of metabolic syndrome in prostate cancer risk: A UK Biobank prospective cohort study. Sci Rep 2025; 15:2345. [PMID: 39824873 PMCID: PMC11748637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-85501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2025] [Indexed: 01/20/2025] Open
Abstract
Predictive value of metabolic syndrome for prostate cancer risk is not clear. We aimed to assess the association between metabolic syndrome and its components with prostate cancer incidence. The primary outcome was prostate cancer incidence, i.e., incidence rate ratios and adjusted cumulative incidence curves derived from flexible parametric survival models. Adjusted cumulative incidence curves were derived using a flexible survival parametrical modeling framework. We analysed UK Biobank data including 242,349 adult males, recruited during 2006-2010 and followed up until 2021, during which 6,467 (2.7%) participants were diagnosed with prostate cancer. Our findings indicate that metabolic syndrome, as a whole, was not associated with prostate cancer risk (incidence rate ratios, 1.07; 95% confidence interval, 0.94-1.22). However, specific components such as hypertension and obesity increased the risk (incidence rate ratios, 1.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.44 and incidence rate ratios, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.46, respectively). Other components, such as prediabetes/diabetes and low cholesterol, were associated with a reduced risk (incidence rate ratios, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.94 and incidence rate ratios, 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.69-0.97, respectively), while hyperlipidaemia showed no significant effect (incidence rate ratios, 1.07; 95% confidence interval, 0.93-1.24). Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms behind these relationships. Prostate cancer prevention strategies might benefit from targeting modifiable risk factors, particularly hypertension and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shing Fung Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maja Nikšić
- Centre for Health Services Studies, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Miguel Angel Luque-Fernandez
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Vieira DFM, Torres CVDS, Secaf ADF, Palma MDM, Gouvea GDL, Jorge E, Reis RB, Muglia V. Comparison of Morphological and Functional MRI Assessments of Periprostatic Fat for Predicting Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness. Int Braz J Urol 2025; 51:e20240318. [PMID: 39556849 PMCID: PMC11869916 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2024.0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 11/20/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to evaluate whether morphological (linear measurements) and functional (ADC value) assessments of periprostatic fat can predict the aggressiveness of prostate cancer (PCa) over a 5-year follow-up period. MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective study included patients with histologically proven PCa who underwent 3.0T MRI between July 2016 and June 2018. Clinical and demographic data collected included PSA, PSA density (dPSA), ISUP grade, clinical and pathological staging, and treatment details. MRI-derived parameters were assessed by an experienced radiologist, who measured subcutaneous and periprostatic fat thickness, and calculated ADC values from ROI plots in periprostatic fat. Clinical and MRI parameters were analyzed for associations with biochemical recurrence, systemic metastasis, and PCa-related mortality. RESULTS After applying exclusion criteria, 109 patients were included. Using the Cox model, dPSA (p<0.01), systemic disease at diagnosis (p<0.01), and mean ADC (p<0.02) were independent predictors of overall survival (OS). For progression-free survival (PFS), only dPSA (p<0.01) and systemic disease at diagnosis (p<0.01) were significant predictors. In the Poisson Model for systemic recurrence risk, dPSA had a relative risk (RR) of 1.04 (95%CI 1.0-1.07, p=0.03), systemic disease at diagnosis had an RR of 63.3 (95%CI 3.7-86.4, p<0.01), and average ADC had an RR of 3.42 (95%CI 1.52-7.69, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The ADC value of periprostatic fat may serve as an additional tool for PCa risk stratification, correlating with poorer outcomes such as systemic recurrence and overall survival. If validated by external, prospective, multicenter studies, these findings could impact future therapeutic decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Freire Maia Vieira
- Universidade de São PauloFaculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão PretoDepartamento de ImagemRibeirão PretoSPBrasilDepartamento de Imagem, Oncologia e Hematologia - Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Cecília Vidal de Souza Torres
- Universidade de São PauloFaculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão PretoDepartamento de ImagemRibeirão PretoSPBrasilDepartamento de Imagem, Oncologia e Hematologia - Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - André de Freitas Secaf
- Universidade de São PauloFaculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão PretoDepartamento de ImagemRibeirão PretoSPBrasilDepartamento de Imagem, Oncologia e Hematologia - Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Matheus de Moraes Palma
- Universidade de São PauloFaculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão PretoDepartamento de ImagemRibeirão PretoSPBrasilDepartamento de Imagem, Oncologia e Hematologia - Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Gabriel de Lion Gouvea
- Universidade de São PauloFaculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão PretoDepartamento de ImagemRibeirão PretoSPBrasilDepartamento de Imagem, Oncologia e Hematologia - Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Elias Jorge
- Universidade de São PauloFaculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão PretoDepartamento de ImagemRibeirão PretoSPBrasilDepartamento de Imagem, Oncologia e Hematologia - Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Rodolfo Borges Reis
- Universidade de São PauloFaculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao PretoDepartamento de Cirurgia e AnatomiaRibeirão PretoSPBrasilDepartamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Valdair Muglia
- Universidade de São PauloClínica Médica Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão PretoRibeirão PretoSPBrasilClínica Médica Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ding XB, Ren SY, Wen HZ, Zhang ZB, Ye JA, Pan WK, Ye JQ. A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study on the Causal Relationship Between Epstein-Barr Virus Antibodies and Prostate Cancer Risk. Cancer Control 2025; 32:10732748251320842. [PMID: 40026212 PMCID: PMC11873887 DOI: 10.1177/10732748251320842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 01/19/2025] [Accepted: 01/30/2025] [Indexed: 03/04/2025] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to examine the correlation between four distinct Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibodies (EA-D, EBNA-1, VCA-p18, and ZEBRA) and the likelihood of developing prostate cancer (PCa) using the Mendelian Randomization (MR) technique. The primary objective is to determine whether a causal relationship exists between these EBV antibodies and prostate cancer. METHODS Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for EBV antibodies were sourced from the UK Biobank cohort, and prostate cancer data were obtained from the PRACTICAL consortium, which includes 79148 cases and 61106 controls. Univariable Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to evaluate the associations, while reverse Mendelian Randomization was employed to assess causality. Additionally, Multivariable Mendelian Randomization analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors. RESULTS Univariable MR analysis revealed significant associations between EBV EA-D (OR = 1.084, 95% CI = 1.012-1.160, IVW_P = 0.021) and EBNA-1 (OR = 1.086, 95% CI = 1.025-1.150, IVW_P = 0.005) antibodies and an increased risk of prostate cancer. Reverse MR analysis did not establish a causal relationship. Multivariable MR analysis identified the EBV EBNA-1 antibody as an independent risk factor for prostate cancer (OR = 1.095, 95% CI = 1.042-1.151, IVW_P = 0.00036). CONCLUSION The study highlights the association between EBV antibody levels, particularly EBNA-1, and prostate cancer risk, suggesting EBNA-1 as an independent risk factor. Future research is needed to elucidate the biological pathways linking EBV antibody levels to prostate cancer. These insights could be instrumental in developing targeted prevention strategies and therapeutic interventions for prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-bo Ding
- Department of Ultrasound, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Si-yan Ren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - He-zhi Wen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhi-bin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Longquan People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Jia-ang Ye
- Department of Stomatology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Wen-kai Pan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-qi Ye
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zheng R, Daniels JP, Moreira DM, Eslamimehr S, Freedland AR, Guerrios-Rivera L, Fowke JH, Freedland SJ. Does insulin resistance predict prostate cancer? Results from the Reduction by Dutasteride of Prostate Cancer (REDUCE) Trial. Cancer 2025; 131:e35568. [PMID: 39329300 PMCID: PMC11695152 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prior studies testing the association between insulin resistance (IR) and prostate cancer (PC) risk are inconsistent. We examined the association between Homeostatic Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR; calculated from fasting baseline insulin and glucose) and PC in REDUCE, a 4-year randomized trial of dutasteride vs. placebo for PC prevention. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN All patients had prestudy negative biopsies and underwent study mandated biopsies at 2 and 4 years regardless of prostate-specific antigen. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate the associations between log-transformed or categorized HOMA-IR scores and PC risk. Multinominal regression was used to assess associations between HOMA-IR scores and tumor grade (low grade [grade group 1]; high-grade [grade groups 2-5]). RESULTS Among 5430 REDUCE participants (1212 with PC; 856 low- and 356 high-grade), higher HOMA-IR was associated with lower PC risk (log-HOMA-IR: OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80-0.99; p = .03; categorized HOMA-IR: p-trend = .04). When stratified by grade, HOMA-IR was significantly associated with reduced low-grade PC risk (log-HOMA-IR: OR, 0.84; 95% CI , 0.74-0.94; p = .003; categorized HOMA-IR: p-trend = .002) but was unrelated to high-grade PC (log-HOMA-IR: OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.86-1.21; p = .81; categorized HOMA-IR: p-trend = .26). Results were similar in placebo and treatment arms. CONCLUSIONS In summary, higher HOMA-IR was associated with a reduced risk of low-grade PC but was not associated with high-grade disease. The mechanisms to explain these findings are unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renning Zheng
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | | | | | - Lourdes Guerrios-Rivera
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Jay H. Fowke
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Stephen J. Freedland
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zou J, Xu B, Gao H, Luo P, Chen T, Duan H. Microbiome in urologic neoplasms: focusing on tumor immunity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1507355. [PMID: 39703512 PMCID: PMC11655508 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1507355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2024] [Accepted: 11/18/2024] [Indexed: 12/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Urological tumors are an important disease affecting global human health, and their pathogenesis and treatment have been the focus of medical research. With the in - depth study of microbiomics, the role of the microbiome in urological tumors has gradually attracted attention. However, the current research on tumor - associated microorganisms mostly focuses on one type or one site, and currently, there is a lack of attention to the microbiome in the immunity and immunotherapy of urological tumors. Therefore, in this paper, we systematically review the distribution characteristics of the microbiome (including microorganisms in the gut, urine, and tumor tissues) in urologic tumors, the relationship with disease prognosis, and the potential mechanisms of microbial roles in immunotherapy. In particular, we focus on the molecular mechanisms by which the microbiome at different sites influences tumor immunity through multiple "messengers" and pathways. We aim to further deepen the understanding of microbiome mechanisms in urologic tumors, and also point out the direction for the future development of immunotherapy for urologic tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Affiliated Fengcheng Hospital of Yichun University, Fengcheng, Jiangxi, China
| | - Baisheng Xu
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Xiushui, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hongbing Gao
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Xiushui, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Peiyue Luo
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tao Chen
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huanglin Duan
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Xiushui, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gharieb K, Doumandji N, Bensalem W, Bellon RP, Inoubli L, Siddeek B, Traverse-Glehen A, Decaussin-Petrucci M, Trabucchi M, Benahmed M, Mauduit C. Combined developmental exposure to estrogenic endocrine disruptor and nutritional imbalance induces long term adult prostate inflammation through inflammasome activation. Toxicol Lett 2024; 402:1-14. [PMID: 39368565 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
Increasing number of studies suggested that environmental deleterious impacts (such as estrogen-like endocrine disruptors, EDCs, unhealthy diet) during early human development affect the risk of developing non-communicable diseases including prostate cancer (PCa) later in life. To test if the combination of EDCs and unhealthy induces adult prostate lesions, we developed an experimental model of adult male Sprague Dawley rats exposed during gestation (from day 7) to weaning to high fat diet (HFD 60 % fat), or to a xenoestrogen (estradiol benzoate, EB, 2.5 µg/d) from post-natal days 1-5, or to a combination of both. EB and EB+HFD exposures induced decreased prostate weight in adult rats along with inflammatory status. A white blood cell infiltrate was observed after EB exposure and more dramatic lesions were observed with the combined exposure, along with a gland destruction. The lesions, following EB or EB+HFD exposure, are associated with elevated mRNA levels for TNFa, IL6 and CCL2/MCP1 pro-inflammatory cytokines while the levels of the anti-inflammatory IL10 cytokine remained unchanged. This activation of NLRP3 and elevated levels of CASP1 were observed following EB or EB+HFD exposures associated with elevated mRNA levels for IL1b, substrates for the NLRP3 complex. HFD exposure alone has mild if not pro-inflammatory effects in adult prostate. In conclusion, we showed that developmental combined exposure to EB and HFD programmed prostate inflammatory lesions in adult prostate. Since proliferative inflammatory atrophy and chronic inflammation of prostate may drive cell to become cancer cells, our model might be useful for study onset of PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katia Gharieb
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Team 10, Nice F-06204, France; Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) Médecine, Nice F-06000, France
| | - Nezli Doumandji
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Team 10, Nice F-06204, France; Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) Médecine, Nice F-06000, France
| | - Wafa Bensalem
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Team 10, Nice F-06204, France; Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) Médecine, Nice F-06000, France
| | - Rachel Paul Bellon
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Team 10, Nice F-06204, France; Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) Médecine, Nice F-06000, France
| | - Lilia Inoubli
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Team 10, Nice F-06204, France; Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) Médecine, Nice F-06000, France
| | - Bénazir Siddeek
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Team 10, Nice F-06204, France; Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) Médecine, Nice F-06000, France
| | - Alexandra Traverse-Glehen
- Université Lyon 1, UFR Médecine Lyon Sud, Lyon F-69921, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hopital Lyon Sud, Laboratoire d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Pierre-Bénite F-69495, France
| | - Myriam Decaussin-Petrucci
- Université Lyon 1, UFR Médecine Lyon Sud, Lyon F-69921, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hopital Lyon Sud, Laboratoire d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Pierre-Bénite F-69495, France
| | - Michele Trabucchi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Team 10, Nice F-06204, France; Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) Médecine, Nice F-06000, France
| | - Mohamed Benahmed
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Team 10, Nice F-06204, France; Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) Médecine, Nice F-06000, France
| | - Claire Mauduit
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Team 10, Nice F-06204, France; Université Lyon 1, UFR Médecine Lyon Sud, Lyon F-69921, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hopital Lyon Sud, Laboratoire d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Pierre-Bénite F-69495, France.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhou Z, Xu J, Zhao Y, Niu Y. Relationships of dietary habits with prostate cancer risk: results from Mendelian randomization analyses and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Food Funct 2024; 15:10823-10837. [PMID: 39404821 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo03859b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2024]
Abstract
Background: Prior investigations identified correlations between dietary habits and the risk of prostate cancer (PCa); however, the causative dynamics are unclear. Methods: Utilizing the Mendelian randomization (MR) framework, we investigated the causal links between dietary habits, daily nutrient intakes, and risk of PCa (79 148 cases and 61 106 controls). Exposure and outcome data were obtained from the UK Biobank and the Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer-Associated Alterations in the Genome (PRACTICAL) consortium, respectively. Univariable and multivariable MR analyses were employed. Sensitivity analyses were performed to detect outliers, evaluate heterogeneity, and discern potential pleiotropic effects. Utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database (2009-2010), we selected 1294 and 1778 men aged ≥40 years from a pool of 10 537 participants, ensuring no missing information. Regression analyses examined the associations between leafy/lettuce salad intake, daily nutrient intake, and the odds of PCa. Results: Univariable MR (UVMR) analysis reveals that the intake of pork and salad/raw vegetable correlated with an elevated PCa risk. Subsequent to confounder adjustment via multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis, a causal link was established between salad/raw vegetable intake and an increased risk of PCa (odds ratio [OR]: 1.658, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.037-2.644, P = 0.046). The analysis based on NHANES datasets demonstrated a link between leafy/lettuce salad intake and heightened odds of PCa (OR: 1.025, 95% CI: 1.003-1.049, P = 0.038). Increased daily intakes of β-carotene (original OR: 1.00006, 95% CI: 1.00001-1.00011, P = 0.024) and vitamin B1 (OR: 1.474, 95% CI: 1.104-1.967, P = 0.014) were associated with a higher likelihood of PCa. Conclusions: These MR analyses substantiate the causal nexus between salad/raw vegetable intake and PCa risk. Similarly, leafy/lettuce salad intake and the odds of PCa were significantly correlated in the cross-sectional observational study. Moreover, higher daily intakes of β-carotene and vitamin B1 were linked to an increased likelihood of PCa. These findings provide practical dietary recommendations for PCa prevention and enhance early identification and diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China.
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Zhao
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China.
| | - Yuanjie Niu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China.
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dahan J, Pinthus J, Delouya G, Taussky D, Duceppe E, de Jesus A, Leong D. Investigation of association between clinically significant prostate cancer, obesity and platelet to-lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil -to-lymphocyte ratio. BMC Urol 2024; 24:226. [PMID: 39407194 PMCID: PMC11481316 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-024-01617-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several blood markers of inflammation are elevated in prostate cancer (PCa) and have prognostic value. Little is known about the relationship between these markers, PCa, and other factors associated with chronic inflammation, such as smoking and obesity. We analyzed the interaction between neutrophil and platelet counts indexed to lymphocyte count (NLR and PLR, resp.) and clinically significant PCa (csPCa), accounting for the potential confounding factors of systemic inflammation. METHODS NLR and PLR were evaluated in a multicenter prospective study in 443 patients. CsPCa was defined as a Gleason ≥ 4 + 3. Differences between patients with csPCa and non-csPCA were evaluated using the chi-square test, analysis of variance or the Kruskal-Wallis test. Multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, and in separate models, either body mass index or waist-to-hip ratio was used to characterize the relationship between inflammation and csPCa. RESULTS None of the factors such as plateletcrit, NLR, and PLR were significantly different between patients with csPCa or non-significant PCa. After adjustment, there was no association between PLR, NLR, plateletcrit or platelet count and csPCa. In an exploratory analysis, there was no association between markers of inflammation and PSA levels > 10 ng/mL. When testing different NLR cutoffs to predict csPCa in ROC analysis, none reached a clinically meaningful value. CONCLUSION In contrast to previous studies, we found no significant association between easily available blood markers of inflammation and indices of PCa aggressiveness. Further research is required to determine whether inflammation promotes PCa. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03127631. Date of registration: April 25, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Dahan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 1000 rue St Denis, Montréal, QC, H2X 0C1, Canada
| | - Jehonathan Pinthus
- Department of Surgery, Juravinski Cancer Center/Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Guila Delouya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 1000 rue St Denis, Montréal, QC, H2X 0C1, Canada
| | - Daniel Taussky
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 1000 rue St Denis, Montréal, QC, H2X 0C1, Canada.
| | - Emmanuelle Duceppe
- Department of Medicine, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Amanda de Jesus
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Darryl Leong
- Departments of Medicine and Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hsu JY, Lin YS, Huang LH, Tsao TY, Hsu CY, Ou YC, Tung MC. Concurrent occurrence of adenocarcinoma and urothelial carcinoma of the prostate gland: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:5952-5959. [PMID: 39286382 PMCID: PMC11287516 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i26.5952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenocarcinoma is the most common subtype of prostate cancer. Prostatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) typically originates from the prostatic urethra. The concurrent occurrence of adenocarcinoma and UC of the prostate gland is uncommon. CASE SUMMARY We present the case of an 82-year-old male patient with simultaneous adenocarcinoma and UC of the prostate gland. The patient underwent a transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy, and the pathology test revealed UC. Subsequently, transurethral laser prostatectomy was performed, and the pathology test indicated adenocarcinoma of the prostate with a Gleason score of 3 + 4 and high-grade UC. Therefore, the patient was treated with androgen deprivation therapy, systemic chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Magnetic resonance imaging performed during follow-up revealed a prostate tumor classified as cT2cN1M0, stage IVA. Therefore, the patient underwent robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy and bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection. The final pathology test of the prostate gland revealed acinar-type adenocarcinoma, Gleason pattern 4 + 3, pT2N0M0, and high-grade UC. The patient regularly presented to the clinic for postoperative follow-up evaluations. He did not experience any urinary discomfort. CONCLUSION According to our literature review, this is the first reported case of coexisting adenocarcinoma and UC of the prostate gland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jhe Yuan Hsu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435403, Taiwan
| | - Yi Sheng Lin
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435403, Taiwan
| | - Li Hua Huang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435403, Taiwan
| | - Tang Yi Tsao
- Department of Pathology, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435403, Taiwan
| | - Chao Yu Hsu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435403, Taiwan
| | - Yen Chuan Ou
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435403, Taiwan
| | - Min Che Tung
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435403, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang YR, Feng B, Qi WB, Gong YW, Kong XB, Cheng H, Dong ZL, Tian JQ, Wang ZP. Safety of low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy in prostate disorders: in vitro and in vivo evidence. Asian J Androl 2024; 26:535-543. [PMID: 39107962 PMCID: PMC11449405 DOI: 10.4103/aja202448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Recent evidence suggests that low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (Li-ESWT) is a promising treatment for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS); however, its safety in pelvic organs, particularly prostate tissues and cells, remains unclear. The current study evaluates the risks of prostate cell damage or oncogenesis following the administration of Li-ESWT for prostatitis. To this end, a robust in vitro model (Cell Counting Kit-8 [CCK-8] assay, clone formation assay, cell scratch assay, lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] release assay, flow cytometry, and immunoblotting assay) was designed to examine the effects of Li-ESWT on cell proliferation, clonogenicity, migration, membrane integrity, and DNA damage. Exome sequencing of Li-ESWT-treated cells was performed to determine the risk of carcinogenesis. Furthermore, an in vivo rat model ( n = 20) was employed to assess the effects of Li-ESWT on cancer biomarkers (carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA], Ki67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA], and gamma-H2A histone family member X, phosphorylation of the H2AX Ser-139 [ γ -H2AX]) in prostate tissue. Based on our findings, Li-ESWT promotes cellular growth and motility without inducing significant cell membrane or DNA damage or alterations. Genetic analyses did not demonstrate an increase in mutations, and no damage to prostate tissue or upregulation of cancer biomarkers was detected in vivo. This comprehensive in vitro and in vivo assessment confirms the safety of Li-ESWT in managing prostate disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ran Wang
- Institute of Urology, Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Urinary System Disease, The Second Hospital and Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Department of Urology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wen-Bo Qi
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yu-Wen Gong
- Institute of Urology, Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Urinary System Disease, The Second Hospital and Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiang-Bin Kong
- Institute of Urology, Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Urinary System Disease, The Second Hospital and Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Department of Urology, Gansu Provincial Second People’s Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhi-Long Dong
- Institute of Urology, Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Urinary System Disease, The Second Hospital and Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jun-Qiang Tian
- Institute of Urology, Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Urinary System Disease, The Second Hospital and Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Wang
- Institute of Urology, Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Urinary System Disease, The Second Hospital and Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang S, Xiao X, Yi Y, Wang X, Zhu L, Shen Y, Lin D, Wu C. Tumor initiation and early tumorigenesis: molecular mechanisms and interventional targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:149. [PMID: 38890350 PMCID: PMC11189549 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01848-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is a multistep process, with oncogenic mutations in a normal cell conferring clonal advantage as the initial event. However, despite pervasive somatic mutations and clonal expansion in normal tissues, their transformation into cancer remains a rare event, indicating the presence of additional driver events for progression to an irreversible, highly heterogeneous, and invasive lesion. Recently, researchers are emphasizing the mechanisms of environmental tumor risk factors and epigenetic alterations that are profoundly influencing early clonal expansion and malignant evolution, independently of inducing mutations. Additionally, clonal evolution in tumorigenesis reflects a multifaceted interplay between cell-intrinsic identities and various cell-extrinsic factors that exert selective pressures to either restrain uncontrolled proliferation or allow specific clones to progress into tumors. However, the mechanisms by which driver events induce both intrinsic cellular competency and remodel environmental stress to facilitate malignant transformation are not fully understood. In this review, we summarize the genetic, epigenetic, and external driver events, and their effects on the co-evolution of the transformed cells and their ecosystem during tumor initiation and early malignant evolution. A deeper understanding of the earliest molecular events holds promise for translational applications, predicting individuals at high-risk of tumor and developing strategies to intercept malignant transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaosen Zhang
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Xiao
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Yonglin Yi
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Lingxuan Zhu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Yanrong Shen
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Dongxin Lin
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.
- Changping Laboratory, 100021, Beijing, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.
- Changping Laboratory, 100021, Beijing, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- CAMS Oxford Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100006, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ye GC, Yang YX, Luo KD, Wang SG, Xia QD. The association between diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer: a meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:9584-9598. [PMID: 38836754 PMCID: PMC11210264 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in the US, and it has a high mortality rate. Diabetes mellitus is also a dangerous health condition. While some studies have examined the relationship between diabetes mellitus and the risk of prostate cancer, there is still some debate on the matter. This study aims to carefully assess the relationship between prostate cancer and diabetes from both real-world and genetic-level data. METHODS This meta-analysis was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 reporting guidelines. The study searched three databases including Medline, Embase and Cochrane. The studies about the incidence risk of prostate cancer with diabetes mellitus were included and used to evaluate the association. The odds ratio (OR), risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using Random Effects models and Fixed Effects models. Mendelian randomization study using genetic variants was also conducted. RESULTS A total of 72 articles were included in this study. The results showed that risk of prostate cancer decreased in diabetes patients. And the influence was different in different regions. This study also estimated the impact of body mass index (BMI) in the diabetes populations and found that the risk decreased in higher BMI populations. The MR analysis found that diabetes mellitus exposure reduced the risk of prostate cancer in the European population and Asia populations. Conclusions The diabetes mellitus has a protective effect on prostate cancer. And the influence of obesity in diabetes mellitus plays an important role in this effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Chen Ye
- Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Yang
- Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Kuang-Di Luo
- Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shao-Gang Wang
- Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qi-Dong Xia
- Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu X, Shi H, Shi Y, Wei H, Yuan X, Jiao Z, Wu T, Wang Z. Association between a body shape index and prostate cancer: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 2001-2018. Int Urol Nephrol 2024; 56:1869-1877. [PMID: 38214779 PMCID: PMC11090932 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03917-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abdominal obesity, especially visceral fat, may have negative effects on the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). A body shape index (ABSI) can more accurately measure visceral fat accumulation. This study aimed to investigate the association between ABSI and PCa in US adults. METHODS 11,013 participants were enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2001 to 2018. Weighted multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to explore the independent relationship between ABSI and PCa. Moreover, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, subgroup analysis, and interaction tests were performed. RESULTS ABSI was positively associated with the presence of PCa. When comparing the second, third, and fourth ABSI quartile to the lowest quartile, the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for PCa risk were 1.34 (0.77, 2.31), 1.75 (1.03, 3.00), and 1.91 (1.12, 3.27), respectively (p for trend = 0.011). The restricted cubic spline regression analysis did not reveal a non-linear correlation between ABSI and PCa (p for non-linearity = 0.076). Subgroup analysis showed a significant interaction effect in subgroups of different BMI (p for interaction = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Elevated ABSI is significantly associated with an increased risk of PCa, particularly among individuals who are under/normal weighted or obese.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowu Liu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Urology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Honglei Shi
- Department of Urology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunfeng Shi
- Department of Urology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hanping Wei
- Department of Urology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoliang Yuan
- Department of Urology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhimin Jiao
- Department of Urology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingchun Wu
- Department of Urology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zengjun Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Di H, Wen Y, Wang J, Wang J, Wang Y, Li Y, Sun F. The impact of obesity and sexual behavior on prostate cancer risk is mediated by testosterone levels: a mendelian randomization study and mediation analysis. Prostate Int 2024; 12:96-103. [PMID: 39036754 PMCID: PMC11255935 DOI: 10.1016/j.prnil.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between obesity, sexual behavior, and prostate cancer (PCa) has been widely debated, contributing to a lack of understanding of its potential mechanisms and hindering the development of effective prevention measures. Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the causal effect of body mass index (BMI), age at first sexual intercourse (AFS), and bioavailable testosterone levels on PCa while also quantifying the potential roles of mediators. Method We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study using summary statistics from genome-wide associations of BMI (152,893 European males), AFS (182,791 European males), bioavailable testosterone (184,205 European males), and PCa (79,148 cases, 61,106 controls, European ancestry). Inverse-variance weighted method, weighted median method, MR-Egger regression, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), and outlier test were used for MR analyses. Reverse MR and mediation analysis were performed. Data analyses were conducted from December 2022 to July 2023. Results The results showed that genetic liability to BMI was protective of PCa (OR, 0.82; 95% CI: 0.74-0.91; P = 3.29 × 10-4). Genetic liability to later AFS (OR, 1.28; 95% CI: 1.08-1.53; P = 5.64 × 10-3) and higher bioavailable testosterone levels (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.01-1.24, P = 0.04) were associated with an increased risk of PCa. All of these potential causal effects could only be forwarded and were not affected by prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening. After controlling for bioavailable testosterone levels, the causal impact of BMI and AFS on PCa was no longer significant. The mediation analysis suggested that the causal influence of AFS/BMI on PCa relied on bioavailable testosterone levels. Conclusion In conclusion, the difference between the univariable and multivariable MR results suggested that the causal influence of BMI and AFS on PCa relied on bioavailable testosterone levels. Further work is needed to identify other risk factors and to elucidate the specific mechanisms that underlie this causal pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huajie Di
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Clinical Medical School Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yi Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Clinical Medical School Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Junyan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Clinical Medical School Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Clinical Medical School Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yeqing Wang
- Electronic Information and Engineering College, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Xuzhou Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Fanghao Sun
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Støyten M, Knutsen T, Stikbakke E, Agledahl I, Wilsgaard T, Eggen AE, Richardsen E, Giovannucci E, Thune I, Haugnes HS. Excess weight, weight gain, and prostate cancer risk and prognosis: the PROCA-life study. Acta Oncol 2024; 63:154-163. [PMID: 38591351 PMCID: PMC11332472 DOI: 10.2340/1651-226x.2024.32953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of excess weight and weight changes throughout adult life for prostate cancer (PCa) risk and prognosis have shown inconsistent results. METHODS In a population-based cohort, the Prostate Cancer Study throughout life (PROCA-life), 16,960 healthy men from the prospective cohort Tromsø Study (1994-2016) were included. Body mass index (BMI) and weight were measured at all four attendings, and weight change was calculated as the difference between the first and last of either Tromsø4, Tromsø5 or Tromsø6. Overall, 904 men developed PCa during 16 years of follow-up, and Poisson regression with fractional polynomials was used to investigate trends in incidence. Cox proportional hazard and logistic regression models were used to study associations between measurements of BMI and weight change and PCa risk, severity, and mortality. RESULTS At study entry, 46% of the participants (median age 44 years) were overweight, and 14% were obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2). We observed a 127% increase in overall age adjusted PCa incidence in the cohort during 1995 through 2019. No overall associations between BMI or weight change and PCa risk were observed. However, in sub-group analysis, weight gain among obese men was associated with a three-fold higher PCa risk (HR 3.03, 95% CI 1.39-6.58) compared with obese men with stable weight. Overweight was associated with lower risk of metastatic cancer (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.30-0.75) at diagnosis. Men with obesity had higher risk of PCa-specific death (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.03-2.88), while nonsmoking obese PCa cases had two times higher PCa-specific mortality compared with normal weighted PCa cases (HR 2.10, 95% CI 1.11-3.70). INTERPRETATION In our cohort, weight gain among obese men was associated with higher risk of PCa, and obesity was associated with higher PCa-specific mortality, especially among nonsmokers. The relationship between weight and risk for PCa remains complicated, and future studies are needed to determine clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Støyten
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UIT - The Arctic University, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tore Knutsen
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Einar Stikbakke
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UIT - The Arctic University, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ingvild Agledahl
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Institute of Community Medicine, UIT-The Arctic University, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne Elise Eggen
- Institute of Community Medicine, UIT-The Arctic University, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Elin Richardsen
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Medical Biology, UIT - The Arctic University, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Inger Thune
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UIT - The Arctic University, Tromsø, Norway; Insitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Hege S Haugnes
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UIT - The Arctic University, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Demian MD, Amasiorah VI, Johnson TO, Ebenyi LN. Phytochemical identification and in silico elucidation of interactions of bioactive compounds from Citrullus lanatus with androgen receptor towards prostate cancer treatment. In Silico Pharmacol 2024; 12:27. [PMID: 38596366 PMCID: PMC10999405 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-024-00193-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) is known to play a crucial role in the development and progression of prostate cancer, and compounds that inhibit its activity are regarded as promising for the development of drugs to treat the disease. This study aimed to investigate the AR-inhibiting potential of Citrullus lanatus fruit compounds for prostate cancer drug development. Following HPLC identification, the binding energies, molecular interactions, and pharmacological potentials of the compounds against AR were elucidated using in silico techniques such as, molecular docking, induced-fit docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and ADMET prediction. Some of the compounds found to be present in Citrullus lanatus fruit included flavonoids such as proanthocyanin, naringin, flavan 3 ol, flavonones, naringenin, epicatechin, citrulline, and catechin. Naringenin exhibited the highest docking score in the molecular docking analysis, followed by resveratrol, ribalinidine, and epicatechin. These compounds share a common AR binding site with the standard ligand, dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Some of the compounds showed favorable ADMET profiles, while others showed at least one toxicity potential. The induced-fit docking of naringenin with AR yielded a higher docking score than the initial score obtained from standard docking while preserving stable molecular contacts with the interacting amino acids. Consistent hydrogen bond interactions of naringenin with PHE 764, ASN 705, and THR 877 of AR, including a persistent pi-pi stacking contact with PHE 764, were observed from the molecular dynamic simulation. The Citrullus lanatus compounds, particularly naringenin, may therefore be considered for further research towards the development of drugs for prostate cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Titilayo Omolara Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Lilian N. Ebenyi
- Department of Biotechnology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Acosta-Vega NL, Varela R, Mesa JA, Garai J, Gómez-Gutiérrez A, Serrano-Gómez SJ, Zabaleta J, Sanabria-Salas MC, Combita AL. Genetic ancestry and radical prostatectomy findings in Hispanic/Latino patients. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1338250. [PMID: 38634046 PMCID: PMC11021589 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1338250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background African ancestry is a known factor associated with the presentation and aggressiveness of prostate cancer (PC). Hispanic/Latino populations exhibit varying degrees of genetic admixture across Latin American countries, leading to diverse levels of African ancestry. However, it remains unclear whether genetic ancestry plays a role in the aggressiveness of PC in Hispanic/Latino patients. We explored the associations between genetic ancestry and the clinicopathological data in Hispanic/Latino PC patients from Colombia. Patients and methods We estimated the European, Indigenous and African genetic ancestry, of 230 Colombian patients with localized/regionally advanced PC through a validated panel for genotypification of 106 Ancestry Informative Markers. We examined the associations of the genetic ancestry components with the Gleason Grade Groups (GG) and the clinicopathological characteristics. Results No association was observed between the genetic ancestry with the biochemical recurrence or Gleason GG; however, in a two groups comparison, there were statistically significant differences between GG3 and GG4/GG5 for European ancestry, with a higher mean ancestry proportion in GG4/GG5. A lower risk of being diagnosed at an advanced age was observed for patients with high African ancestry than those with low African ancestry patients (OR: 0.96, CI: 0.92-0.99, p=0.03). Conclusion Our findings revealed an increased risk of presentation of PC at an earlier age in patients with higher African ancestry compared to patients with lower African ancestry in our Hispanic/Latino patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia L. Acosta-Vega
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Programa de doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Rodolfo Varela
- Departamento de Urología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Jorge Andrés Mesa
- Departamento de Patología Oncológica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Jone Garai
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Alberto Gómez-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Silvia J. Serrano-Gómez
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - María Carolina Sanabria-Salas
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Alba L. Combita
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Harris BHL, Di Giovannantonio M, Zhang P, Harris DA, Lord SR, Allen NE, Maughan TS, Bryant RJ, Harris AL, Bond GL, Buffa FM. New role of fat-free mass in cancer risk linked with genetic predisposition. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7270. [PMID: 38538606 PMCID: PMC10973462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54291-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2025] Open
Abstract
Cancer risk is associated with the widely debated measure body mass index (BMI). Fat mass and fat-free mass measurements from bioelectrical impedance may further clarify this association. The UK Biobank is a rare resource in which bioelectrical impedance and BMI data was collected on ~ 500,000 individuals. Using this dataset, a comprehensive analysis using regression, principal component and genome-wide genetic association, provided multiple levels of evidence that increasing whole body fat (WBFM) and fat-free mass (WBFFM) are both associated with increased post-menopausal breast cancer risk, and colorectal cancer risk in men. WBFM was inversely associated with prostate cancer. We also identified rs615029[T] and rs1485995[G] as associated in independent analyses with both PMBC (p = 1.56E-17 and 1.78E-11) and WBFFM (p = 2.88E-08 and 8.24E-12), highlighting splice variants of the intriguing long non-coding RNA CUPID1 (LINC01488) as a potential link between PMBC risk and fat-free mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H L Harris
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Cutrale Perioperative and Ageing Group, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | | | - Ping Zhang
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David A Harris
- St Anne's College, University of Oxford, 56 Woodstock Rd, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon R Lord
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Early Phase Clinical Trials Unit, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Naomi E Allen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tim S Maughan
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard J Bryant
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Gareth L Bond
- Institute of Cancer & Genomics Sciences, University of Birmingham, Bimingham, UK
| | - Francesca M Buffa
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Computing Sciences, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy.
- IFOM - Istituto Fondazione di Oncologia Molecolare ETS, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
MacNevin W, Ilie G, Rendon R, Mason R, Spooner J, Chedrawe E, Patil N, Bowes D, Bailly G, Bell D, Wilke D, Zahavich JBL, MacDonald C, Rutledge RDH. PC-PEP, a Comprehensive Daily Six-Month Home-Based Patient Empowerment Program Leads to Weight Loss in Men with Prostate Cancer: A Secondary Analysis of a Clinical Trial. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:1667-1688. [PMID: 38534960 PMCID: PMC10969418 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31030127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The Prostate Cancer-Patient Empowerment Program (PC-PEP) is a six-month daily home-based program shown to improve mental health and urinary function. This secondary analysis explores weight loss in male PC-PEP participants. Methods: In a randomized clinical trial with 128 men undergoing curative prostate cancer (PC) treatment, 66 received 'early' PC-PEP, while 62 were assigned to the 'late' waitlist-control group, receiving 6 months of standard-of-care treatment followed by 6 months of PC-PEP. PC-PEP comprised 182 daily emails with video-based exercise and dietary (predominantly plant-based) education, live online events, and 30 min strength training routines (using body weight and elastic bands). Weight and height data were collected via online surveys (baseline, 6 months, and 12 months) including medical chart reviews. Adherence was tracked weekly. Results: No attrition or adverse events were reported. At 6 months, the early PC-PEP group experienced significant weight loss, averaging 2.7 kg (p < 0.001) compared to the waitlist-control group. Weight loss was noted in the late intervention group of PC-PEP, albeit less pronounced than in the early group. Early PC-PEP surgery patients lost on average 1.4 kg (SE = 0.65) from the trial's start to surgery day. High adherence to exercise and dietary recommendations was noted. Conclusions: PC-PEP led to significant weight loss in men undergoing curative prostate cancer treatment compared to standard-of-care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wyatt MacNevin
- Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Gabriela Ilie
- Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Ricardo Rendon
- Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Ross Mason
- Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jesse Spooner
- Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Emily Chedrawe
- Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Nikhilesh Patil
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - David Bowes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Greg Bailly
- Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - David Bell
- Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Derek Wilke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | | | - Cody MacDonald
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kukko V, Kaipia A, Talala K, Taari K, Tammela TLJ, Auvinen A, Murtola TJ. Allopurinol and prostate cancer survival in a Finnish population-based cohort. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2024; 27:73-80. [PMID: 36131010 PMCID: PMC10876474 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-022-00597-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allopurinol is gout medication that inhibits uric acid formation. Its possible anti-carcinogenic properties have been under research in past years. Studies based on Taiwanese registries showed that long term allopurinol use might reduce prostate cancer (PCa) incidence. However, our studies based on Finnish registries did not support those findings. In this study, we evaluate whether allopurinol use is associated with prostate cancer-specific survival (CSS) or overall survival (OS) in a Finnish population-based cohort. METHODS The study cohort was originally enrolled for the Finnish Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (FinRSPC). We included all newly diagnosed PCa cases during 1996-2015, 9252 men in total. Information on allopurinol purchases was from the national prescription registry of the Social Insurance Institution of Finland. Information about deaths, treatments, and use of other medications was obtained from registries, and tumor stage and PSA at diagnosis from medical records. Follow-up started at diagnosis, and we analysed separately two endpoints: PCa-specific death and overall death. We used an extended Cox regression with adjustment for age at diagnosis, Charlson comorbidity index, FinRSPC trial arm, use of other drugs and EAU PCa risk group. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 9.86 years, 2942 deaths occurred, including 883 from PCa. There was no difference in CSS between allopurinol user and non-users, but allopurinol users had lower OS (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio 1.77; 95% CI: 1.57-2.00). However, this decrease in OS was mitigated along with increasing intensity of allopurinol use. CONCLUSIONS We found no marked difference in CSS by allopurinol use. Allopurinol users had lower OS but there were no significant differences by duration or intensity of allopurinol use. Allopurinol use may not have anticancer effects against prostate cancer; instead, it may be a surrogate for metabolic problems causing shorter OS among men with PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ville Kukko
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Antti Kaipia
- Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Kimmo Taari
- Department of Urology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teuvo L J Tammela
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anssi Auvinen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Teemu J Murtola
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Fritz J, Jochems SHJ, Bjørge T, Wood AM, Häggström C, Ulmer H, Nagel G, Zitt E, Engeland A, Harlid S, Drake I, Stattin P, Stocks T. Body mass index, triglyceride-glucose index, and prostate cancer death: a mediation analysis in eight European cohorts. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:308-316. [PMID: 38087039 PMCID: PMC10803806 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02526-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance is a hypothesised biological mechanism linking obesity with prostate cancer (PCa) death. Data in support of this hypothesis is limited. METHODS We included 259,884 men from eight European cohorts, with 11,760 incident PCa's and 1784 PCa deaths during follow-up. We used the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index as indicator of insulin resistance. We analysed PCa cases with follow-up from PCa diagnosis, and the full cohort with follow-up from the baseline cancer-free state, thus incorporating both PCa incidence and death. We calculated hazard ratios (HR) and the proportion of the total effect of body mass index (BMI) on PCa death mediated through TyG index. RESULTS In the PCa-case-only analysis, baseline TyG index was positively associated with PCa death (HR per 1-standard deviation: 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI); 1.01-1.22), and mediated a substantial proportion of the baseline BMI effect on PCa death (HRtotal effect per 5-kg/m2 BMI: 1.24; 1.14-1.35, of which 28%; 4%-52%, mediated). In contrast, in the full cohort, the TyG index was not associated with PCa death (HR: 1.03; 0.94-1.13), hence did not substantially mediate the effect of BMI on PCa death. CONCLUSIONS Insulin resistance could be an important pathway through which obesity accelerates PCa progression to death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josef Fritz
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | | | - Tone Bjørge
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Angela M Wood
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christel Häggström
- Northern Registry Centre, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hanno Ulmer
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine (aks), Bregenz, Austria
| | - Gabriele Nagel
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine (aks), Bregenz, Austria
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Emanuel Zitt
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine (aks), Bregenz, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, LKH Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Anders Engeland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sophia Harlid
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Isabel Drake
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Pär Stattin
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tanja Stocks
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Guerrios‐Rivera L, Janes JL, De Hoedt AM, Klaassen Z, Terris MK, Cooperberg MR, Amling CL, Kane CJ, Aronson WJ, Fowke JH, Freedland SJ. Do Hispanic Puerto Rican men have worse outcomes after radical prostatectomy? Results from SEARCH. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7012. [PMID: 38457188 PMCID: PMC10922022 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that outcomes after radical prostatectomy (RP) were similar among non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White, and Hispanic White Veterans Affairs (VA) patients. However, prostate cancer (PC) mortality in Puerto Rican Hispanics (PRH) may be higher than in other Hispanic groups. Data focused on PRH patients is sparse; thus, we tested the association between PR ethnicity and outcomes after RP. METHODS Analysis included men in SEARCH cohort who underwent RP (1988-2020, n = 8311). PRH patients (n = 642) were treated at the PR VA, and outcomes were compared to patients treated in the Continental US regardless of race. Logistic regression was used to test the associations between PRH and PC aggressiveness, adjusting for demographic and clinicopathological features. Multivariable Cox models were used to investigate PRH versus Continental differences in biochemical recurrence (BCR), metastases, castration-resistant PC (CRPC), and PC-specific mortality (PCSM). RESULTS Compared to Continental patients, PRH patients had lower adjusted odds of pathological grade group ≥2 (p < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (p < 0.001), and positive margins (p < 0.001). In contrast, PRH patients had higher odds of extracapsular extension (p < 0.001). In Cox models, PRH patients had a higher risk for BCR (HR = 1.27, p < 0.001), metastases (HR = 1.49, p = 0.014), CRPC (HR = 1.80, p = 0.001), and PCSM (HR = 1.74, p = 0.011). Further adjustment for extracapsular extension and other pathological variables strengthened these findings. CONCLUSIONS In an equal access setting, PRH RP patients generally had better pathological features, but despite this, they had significantly worse post-treatment outcomes than men from the Continental US, regardless of race. The reasons for the poorer prognosis among PRH men require further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Guerrios‐Rivera
- Urology Section, Surgery DepartmentVeterans Administration Caribbean Healthcare SystemSan JuanPuerto Rico
- University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan JuanPuerto Rico
| | - Jessica L. Janes
- Section of Urology, Division of SurgeryDurham VA Health Care SystemDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Amanda M. De Hoedt
- Section of Urology, Division of SurgeryDurham VA Health Care SystemDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Zachary Klaassen
- Department of Surgery, Section of UrologyAugusta University – Medical College of GeorgiaAugustaGeorgiaUSA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical CenterAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Martha K. Terris
- Department of Surgery, Section of UrologyAugusta University – Medical College of GeorgiaAugustaGeorgiaUSA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical CenterAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Matthew R. Cooperberg
- Department of UrologyDiller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF HelenSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Christopher L. Amling
- Department of UrologyOregon Health and Science University School of MedicinePortlandOregonUSA
| | - Christopher J. Kane
- Department of UrologyUC San Diego Health SystemSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- VA San Diego Healthcare SystemSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - William J. Aronson
- Department of UrologyUCLA Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Wadsworth VA Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jay H. Fowke
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Preventive MedicineUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Stephen J. Freedland
- Section of Urology, Division of SurgeryDurham VA Health Care SystemDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Center for Integrated Research in Cancer and Lifestyle, Division of Urology, Department of SurgerySamuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang M, Zhang J, Xing Z. Association of TyG index with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in American men: results from NHANES, 2003-2010. Ir J Med Sci 2024; 193:27-33. [PMID: 37340224 PMCID: PMC10808142 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) was a new indicator of insulin resistance, and it has been widely reported that it may be associated with serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentrations. AIMS We intended to investigate the possible connection between serum PSA concentration and the TyG index. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of adults with complete data on TyG and serum PSA concentrations (ng/ml) from the NHANES, 2003-2010. The TyG index is obtained by the formula below: TyG = Ln [triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting glucose(mg/dL)/2]. Multivariate regression analysis and subgroup analysis were used to examine the connection between the TyG index and serum PSA levels. RESULTS Multiple regression analysis of the weighted linear model showed that individuals with a higher TyG index had lower PSA levels. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests showed no apparent dependence on age, race/ethnicity, BMI, household income ratio, education level, and marital status on this negative association (all interactions p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS TyG index is related to lower serum PSA concentrations in adult men from the USA. Further comprehensive prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Haikou, 570208, China
| | - Jiankang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Haikou, 570208, China
| | - Zengshu Xing
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Haikou, 570208, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Luca T, Malfa GA, Siracusa L, La Mantia A, Bianchi S, Napoli E, Puleo S, Sergi A, Acquaviva R, Castorina S. Redox State Modulatory Activity and Cytotoxicity of Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae) Leaves Extract Enriched in Polyphenols Using Macroporous Resin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:73. [PMID: 38247497 PMCID: PMC10812475 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The food products derived from Olea europaea are a fundamental part of the Mediterranean diet, and their health-promoting effects are well known. In this study, we analyzed the phytochemical characteristics, the redox state modulatory activity, and the cytotoxic effect of an olive leaf aqueous extract enriched by macroporous resin on different tumor and normal cell lines (LNCaP, PC3, HFF-1). HPLC-DAD analysis, the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods confirmed the qualitatively and quantitatively high content of phenolic compounds (130.02 ± 2.3 mg GAE/g extract), and a DPPH assay (IC50 = 100.00 ± 1.8 μg/mL), the related antioxidant activity. The biological investigation showed a significant cytotoxic effect, highlighted by an MTT test and the evident cellular morphological changes, on two prostate cancer cell lines. Remarkably, the extract was practically non-toxic on HFF-1 at the concentrations (100, 150, 300 µg/mL) and exposure times tested. Hence, the results are selective for tumor cells. The underlying cytotoxicity was associated with the decrease in ROS production (55% PC3, 42% LNCaP) and the increase in RSH levels (>50% PC3) and an LDH release assay (50% PC3, 40% LNCaP, established necrosis as the main cell death mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tonia Luca
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 95123 Catania, Italy; (T.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Antonio Malfa
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.L.M.); (S.B.); (A.S.); (R.A.)
- Research Centre on Nutraceuticals and Health Products (CERNUT), University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Laura Siracusa
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Italian National Research Council ICB-CNR, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (L.S.); (E.N.)
| | - Alfonsina La Mantia
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.L.M.); (S.B.); (A.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Simone Bianchi
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.L.M.); (S.B.); (A.S.); (R.A.)
- Research Centre on Nutraceuticals and Health Products (CERNUT), University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Edoardo Napoli
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Italian National Research Council ICB-CNR, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (L.S.); (E.N.)
| | - Stefano Puleo
- Mediterranean Foundation “GB Morgagni”, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Angelo Sergi
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.L.M.); (S.B.); (A.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Rosaria Acquaviva
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.L.M.); (S.B.); (A.S.); (R.A.)
- Research Centre on Nutraceuticals and Health Products (CERNUT), University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Sergio Castorina
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 95123 Catania, Italy; (T.L.); (S.C.)
- Mediterranean Foundation “GB Morgagni”, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pandit P, Shirke C, Bhatia N, Godad A, Belemkar S, Patel J, Zine S. An Overview of Recent Findings that Shed Light on the Connection between Fat and Cancer. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:178-193. [PMID: 37489790 DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666230724141942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and cancer have been found to have a direct link in epidemiological studies. Obesity raises the risk of cancer and associated chronic disorders. Furthermore, an imbalance of adipokines, like leptins, plays a crucial role in neoplasm pathogenesis, cell migration, and thereby, cancer metastasis. Also, leptin increases human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein levels through the STAT3-mediated (signal transducer and activator of transcription) upregulation of heat shock protein (Hsp90) in breast cancer cells. It has been noticed that insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) act as mitosis activators in the host and cancerous breast epithelial cells. The condition of hyperinsulinemia explains the positive association between colorectal cancer and obesity. Furthermore, in prostate cancer, an alteration in sex hormone levels, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, has been reported to occur, along with increased oxidative stress, which is the actual cause of the tumors. Whereas, there have been two interconnected factors that play a crucial role in the psychological cycle concerned with lung cancer. The review article focuses on all the prospects of etiological mechanisms that have found linkage with obesity and breast, colon, lung, and prostate cancers. Furthermore, the article has also highlighted how these new insights into the processes occur and, due to which reasons, obesity contributes to tumorigenesis. This review provides a detailed discussion on the progression, which can assist in the development of new and innovative techniques to interfere in this process, and it has been supported with insights based on evidence literature on approved clinical treatments for obesity and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parth Pandit
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Chaitanya Shirke
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NMIMS Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management - (SPPSPTM), Mumbai, India
| | - Nirav Bhatia
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V. M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Angel Godad
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V. M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sateesh Belemkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V. M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Jayshree Patel
- Department of Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V. M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Sandip Zine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V. M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Park S, Ma S, Seo H, Lee SG, Lee J, Ye S. Prostate cancer in workers exposed to night-shift work: two cases recognized by the Korean Epidemiologic Investigation Evaluation Committee. Ann Occup Environ Med 2023; 35:e52. [PMID: 38274362 PMCID: PMC10808083 DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In 2019, the International Agency for Research on Cancer re-evaluated the carcinogenicity of night-shift work and reported that there is limited evidence that night-shift work is carcinogenic for the development of prostate cancer. Therefore, in 2020 and 2021, the Korean Epidemiologic Investigation Evaluation Committee concluded that 2 cases of prostate cancer were occupational diseases related to the night-shift work. Here, we report the 2 cases of prostate cancer in night-shift workers which were first concluded as occupational diseases by the Korean Epidemiologic Investigation Evaluation Committee. Case presentation Patient A: A 61-year-old man worked as a city bus driver for approximately 17 years, from 2002 to 2019, and was exposed to night-shift work during this period. In March 2017, the patient was diagnosed with high-grade prostate cancer through core-needle biopsy after experiencing stinging pain lasting for 2 months. Patient B: A 56-year-old man worked as an electrician and an automated equipment operator in a cement manufacturing plant for 35 years from 1976 to 2013 and was exposed to night-shift work during this period. In 2013, the patient was diagnosed with high-grade prostate cancer through core needle biopsy at a university hospital because of dysuria that lasted for 6 months. Conclusions The 2 workers were diagnosed with high-grade prostate cancer after working night shifts for 17 and 35 years respectively. Additionally, previous studies have reported that high-grade prostate cancer has a stronger relationship with night-shift work than low or medium-grade prostate cancer. Therefore, the Korean Epidemiologic Investigation Evaluation Committee concluded that night-shift work in these 2 patients contributed to the development of their prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sungkyun Park
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Seongwon Ma
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Hoekyeong Seo
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Sang Gil Lee
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Jihye Lee
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Shinhee Ye
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, Incheon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hurwitz LM, Dogbe N, Barry KH, Koutros S, Berndt SI. Obesity and prostate cancer screening, incidence, and mortality in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 2023; 115:1506-1514. [PMID: 37382561 PMCID: PMC10699801 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though obesity, measured by body mass index (BMI), is an established risk factor for several cancer sites, there is conflicting evidence on whether obesity increases prostate cancer risk or mortality and, if it does, whether it increases risk directly or indirectly by affecting prostate cancer screening efficacy. METHODS We examined associations between BMI and prostate cancer screening outcomes, incidence, and mortality in men randomly assigned to the intervention arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (n = 36 756) between 1993 and 2001. Participants received annual screening with the prostate-specific antigen test and digital rectal exam. Associations between baseline BMI and screening outcomes were assessed via multinomial logistic regression, and associations with prostate cancer incidence and mortality were assessed via Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS Individuals with higher BMI were less likely to screen positive via the prostate-specific antigen test and/or digital rectal exam and more likely to have an inadequate screen (all Ptrend < .01). Higher BMI was inversely associated with prostate cancer incidence (per 5 kg/m2 BMI increase: hazard ratio [HR] = 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.91 to 0.97), including incidence of early stage (HR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.90 to 0.97) and advanced-stage (HR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.82 to 1.02) disease, but positively associated with prostate cancer mortality (HR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.37). The association with mortality was not modified by screening outcome (Pinteraction = .13). CONCLUSIONS Within this screened population, individuals with higher BMI had lower risk of prostate cancer diagnosis but higher risk of prostate cancer mortality. As higher BMI was not positively associated with advanced-stage prostate cancer risk, the increased mortality is unlikely to be due to delayed prostate cancer detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Hurwitz
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Nadine Dogbe
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn Hughes Barry
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program in Oncology, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stella Koutros
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Jawhar N, Nakanishi H, Marrero K, Tomey D, Alamy NH, Danaf J, Ghanem OM. Risk reduction of non-hormonal cancers following bariatric surgery. Minerva Surg 2023; 78:657-670. [PMID: 38059440 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5691.23.10104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is the most effective intervention for weight loss leading to significant resolution of obesity-related medical conditions. Recent literature has demonstrated risk reduction of certain cancer types after MBS. Studies have shown an overall reduction in the risk of hormonal cancer, such as breast and endometrial cancer. However, the association between bariatric surgery and the incidence of various types of non-hormonal cancer such as esophageal, gastric, liver, gallbladder, colorectal, pancreatic and kidney cancer remains contested. The aim of this study was to highlight obesity and its relationship to cancer development as well as bariatric surgery and its role in cancer reduction with focus on non-hormonal cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noura Jawhar
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hayato Nakanishi
- St. George's University of London, London, UK
- University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Katie Marrero
- Department of Surgery, Carle Foundation Hospital General Surgery Residency, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Daniel Tomey
- Department of General Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nadine H Alamy
- Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jamil Danaf
- Kansas City University, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Omar M Ghanem
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA -
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Pérez-Gómez JM, Montero-Hidalgo AJ, Fuentes-Fayos AC, Sarmento-Cabral A, Guzmán-Ruiz R, Malagón MM, Herrera-Martínez AD, Gahete MD, Luque RM. Exploring the role of the inflammasomes on prostate cancer: Interplay with obesity. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:1165-1187. [PMID: 37819510 PMCID: PMC10697898 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09838-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a weight-related disorder characterized by excessive adipose tissue growth and dysfunction which leads to the onset of a systemic chronic low-grade inflammatory state. Likewise, inflammation is considered a classic cancer hallmark affecting several steps of carcinogenesis and tumor progression. In this regard, novel molecular complexes termed inflammasomes have been identified which are able to react to a wide spectrum of insults, impacting several metabolic-related disorders, but their contribution to cancer biology remains unclear. In this context, prostate cancer (PCa) has a markedly inflammatory component, and patients frequently are elderly individuals who exhibit weight-related disorders, being obesity the most prevalent condition. Therefore, inflammation, and specifically, inflammasome complexes, could be crucial players in the interplay between PCa and metabolic disorders. In this review, we will: 1) discuss the potential role of each inflammasome component (sensor, molecular adaptor, and targets) in PCa pathophysiology, placing special emphasis on IL-1β/NF-kB pathway and ROS and hypoxia influence; 2) explore the association between inflammasomes and obesity, and how these molecular complexes could act as the cornerstone between the obesity and PCa; and, 3) compile current clinical trials regarding inflammasome targeting, providing some insights about their potential use in the clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M Pérez-Gómez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), IMIBIC Building, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio J Montero-Hidalgo
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), IMIBIC Building, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio C Fuentes-Fayos
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), IMIBIC Building, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - André Sarmento-Cabral
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), IMIBIC Building, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rocio Guzmán-Ruiz
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), IMIBIC Building, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - María M Malagón
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), IMIBIC Building, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Aura D Herrera-Martínez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), IMIBIC Building, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, HURS/IMIBIC, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), IMIBIC Building, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), IMIBIC Building, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zheng T, Sun H, Tang Y, Bi K, Zeng Y, Wang J, Yan L. Comparing histology between prostate cognitive fusion targeted biopsy and radical prostatectomy: exploring risk factors of Gleason score upgrading in Chinese patients. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:18029-18037. [PMID: 37979056 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05506-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore and identify the relevant clinical and pathological predictors leading to biopsy Gleason score upgrading (GSU) in cognitive fusion targeted biopsy (COG-TB) in Chinese patients. METHODS Clinical and pathological information of 496 patients who underwent COG-TB and radical prostatectomy (RP) in our hospital from January 2020 to September 2023 were retrospectively compiled and analyzed. In this study, we screened valuable predictors through univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses and then constructed predictive models. We draw nomograms to visualize the predictive models. In addition, the discriminatory power of the model was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Finally, calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the predictive power of the model and the net benefits it could deliver. RESULTS Out of the 496 patients eligible for the study, 279 had a consistent Gleason score (GS) on biopsy and postoperative GS, 191 experienced GSU, and 26 experienced downgrading. Significant associations for GSU were identified for five risk factors through multivariable logistic regression analyses, which included age, prostate volume, BMI, tumor percentage in biopsy tissue, and tumor location. Our model had excellent discriminatory power through ROC analysis. Calibration curves and DCA showed that our model was well calibrated and provided certain benefits for patient treatment decisions. CONCLUSION Age, prostate volume, BMI, tumor percentage in biopsy tissue, and tumor location are risk indicators for predicting GSU in COG-TB. Our prediction model is more suitable for Chinese patients and can assist in accurately evaluating biopsy GS and developing effective treatment plans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyun Zheng
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Huaibin Sun
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yueqing Tang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Kaipeng Bi
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Zeng
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Junyan Wang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Santos-Pereira M, Pereira SC, Rebelo I, Spadella MA, Oliveira PF, Alves MG. Decoding the Influence of Obesity on Prostate Cancer and Its Transgenerational Impact. Nutrients 2023; 15:4858. [PMID: 38068717 PMCID: PMC10707940 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the escalating prevalence of metabolic disorders, notably obesity and being overweight, has emerged as a pressing concern in public health. Projections for the future indicate a continual upward trajectory in obesity rates, primarily attributable to unhealthy dietary patterns and sedentary lifestyles. The ramifications of obesity extend beyond its visible manifestations, intricately weaving a web of hormonal dysregulation, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress. This nexus of factors holds particular significance in the context of carcinogenesis, notably in the case of prostate cancer (PCa), which is a pervasive malignancy and a leading cause of mortality among men. A compelling hypothesis arises from the perspective of transgenerational inheritance, wherein genetic and epigenetic imprints associated with obesity may wield influence over the development of PCa. This review proposes a comprehensive exploration of the nuanced mechanisms through which obesity disrupts prostate homeostasis and serves as a catalyst for PCa initiation. Additionally, it delves into the intriguing interplay between the transgenerational transmission of both obesity-related traits and the predisposition to PCa. Drawing insights from a spectrum of sources, ranging from in vitro and animal model research to human studies, this review endeavors to discuss the intricate connections between obesity and PCa. However, the landscape remains partially obscured as the current state of knowledge unveils only fragments of the complex mechanisms linking these phenomena. As research advances, unraveling the associated factors and underlying mechanisms promises to unveil novel avenues for understanding and potentially mitigating the nexus between obesity and the development of PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Santos-Pereira
- iBiMED-Institute of Biomedicine and Department of Medical Science, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara C. Pereira
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitario de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Irene Rebelo
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biologic Sciences, Pharmaceutical Faculty, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Maria A. Spadella
- Human Embryology Laboratory, Marília Medical School, Marília 17519-030, SP, Brazil;
| | - Pedro F. Oliveira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitario de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Marco G. Alves
- iBiMED-Institute of Biomedicine and Department of Medical Science, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Al-Ghazawi M, Salameh H, Amo-Afful S, Khasawneh S, Ghanem R. An In-Depth Look Into the Epidemiological and Etiological Aspects of Prostate Cancer: A Literature Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e48252. [PMID: 38054148 PMCID: PMC10694784 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer among men worldwide, and it represents a substantial worldwide health issue, primarily impacting men as they grow older. Understanding its epidemiology and etiology is crucial for crafting efficient preventive measures and enhancing treatment results. The epidemiology of this disease provides valuable insights into its prevalence and distribution. Age is a critical factor, with the risk of prostate cancer increasing with advancing years. Incidence rates are notably higher in developed countries, suggesting a role for lifestyle and environmental factors. Furthermore, there are significant racial and geographical disparities in prostate cancer incidence, with African-American men experiencing both a higher incidence and more aggressive forms of the disease. On the other hand, hormones, especially testosterone and its conversion to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), contribute to prostate cell growth and, potentially, cancer. Genetics also plays a pivotal role, with certain gene mutations, like Breast Cancer gene 1 & 2 (BRCA1 and BRCA2), elevating risk. Dietary habits and lifestyle choices influence susceptibility, with diets low in fruits and vegetables and high in saturated fats linked to higher risk. Chronic inflammation, often tied to prostatitis, may further increase susceptibility to prostate cancer. This review article explores the complex realm of prostate cancer, providing insights into its occurrence, factors that elevate risks, and the fundamental factors that play a role in its emergence and how we can prevent it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Munir Al-Ghazawi
- Urology, Barts Health National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, GBR
| | - Hamza Salameh
- Orthopedics, North Devon District Hospital, Barnstaple, GBR
| | | | | | - Rami Ghanem
- Urology, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, JOR
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pérez-Gómez JM, Porcel-Pastrana F, De La Luz-Borrero M, Montero-Hidalgo AJ, Gómez-Gómez E, Herrera-Martínez AD, Guzmán-Ruiz R, Malagón MM, Gahete MD, Luque RM. LRP10, PGK1 and RPLP0: Best Reference Genes in Periprostatic Adipose Tissue under Obesity and Prostate Cancer Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15140. [PMID: 37894825 PMCID: PMC10606769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity (OB) is a metabolic disorder characterized by adipose tissue dysfunction that has emerged as a health problem of epidemic proportions in recent decades. OB is associated with multiple comorbidities, including some types of cancers. Specifically, prostate cancer (PCa) has been postulated as one of the tumors that could have a causal relationship with OB. Particularly, a specialized adipose tissue (AT) depot known as periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) has gained increasing attention over the last few years as it could be a key player in the pathophysiological interaction between PCa and OB. However, to date, no studies have defined the most appropriate internal reference genes (IRGs) to be used in gene expression studies in this AT depot. In this work, two independent cohorts of PPAT samples (n = 20/n = 48) were used to assess the validity of a battery of 15 literature-selected IRGs using two widely used techniques (reverse transcription quantitative PCR [RT-qPCR] and microfluidic-based qPCR array). For this purpose, ΔCt method, GeNorm (v3.5), BestKeeper (v1.0), NormFinder (v.20.0), and RefFinder software were employed to assess the overall trends of our analyses. LRP10, PGK1, and RPLP0 were identified as the best IRGs to be used for gene expression studies in human PPATs, specifically when considering PCa and OB conditions.
Collapse
Grants
- PID2022-1381850B-I00 Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities
- PID2019-105564RB-I00 Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities
- FPU18-06009 Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities
- PRE2020-094225 Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities
- FPU18-02485 Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M. Pérez-Gómez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (J.M.P.-G.); (F.P.-P.); (M.D.L.L.-B.); (A.J.M.-H.); (E.G.-G.); (A.D.H.-M.); (R.G.-R.); (M.M.M.); (M.D.G.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Porcel-Pastrana
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (J.M.P.-G.); (F.P.-P.); (M.D.L.L.-B.); (A.J.M.-H.); (E.G.-G.); (A.D.H.-M.); (R.G.-R.); (M.M.M.); (M.D.G.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Marina De La Luz-Borrero
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (J.M.P.-G.); (F.P.-P.); (M.D.L.L.-B.); (A.J.M.-H.); (E.G.-G.); (A.D.H.-M.); (R.G.-R.); (M.M.M.); (M.D.G.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Montero-Hidalgo
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (J.M.P.-G.); (F.P.-P.); (M.D.L.L.-B.); (A.J.M.-H.); (E.G.-G.); (A.D.H.-M.); (R.G.-R.); (M.M.M.); (M.D.G.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Gómez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (J.M.P.-G.); (F.P.-P.); (M.D.L.L.-B.); (A.J.M.-H.); (E.G.-G.); (A.D.H.-M.); (R.G.-R.); (M.M.M.); (M.D.G.)
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Urology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Aura D. Herrera-Martínez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (J.M.P.-G.); (F.P.-P.); (M.D.L.L.-B.); (A.J.M.-H.); (E.G.-G.); (A.D.H.-M.); (R.G.-R.); (M.M.M.); (M.D.G.)
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rocío Guzmán-Ruiz
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (J.M.P.-G.); (F.P.-P.); (M.D.L.L.-B.); (A.J.M.-H.); (E.G.-G.); (A.D.H.-M.); (R.G.-R.); (M.M.M.); (M.D.G.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - María M. Malagón
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (J.M.P.-G.); (F.P.-P.); (M.D.L.L.-B.); (A.J.M.-H.); (E.G.-G.); (A.D.H.-M.); (R.G.-R.); (M.M.M.); (M.D.G.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel D. Gahete
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (J.M.P.-G.); (F.P.-P.); (M.D.L.L.-B.); (A.J.M.-H.); (E.G.-G.); (A.D.H.-M.); (R.G.-R.); (M.M.M.); (M.D.G.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Raúl M. Luque
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (J.M.P.-G.); (F.P.-P.); (M.D.L.L.-B.); (A.J.M.-H.); (E.G.-G.); (A.D.H.-M.); (R.G.-R.); (M.M.M.); (M.D.G.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Varaprasad GL, Gupta VK, Prasad K, Kim E, Tej MB, Mohanty P, Verma HK, Raju GSR, Bhaskar L, Huh YS. Recent advances and future perspectives in the therapeutics of prostate cancer. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:80. [PMID: 37740236 PMCID: PMC10517568 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common cancers in males and the fifth leading reason of death. Age, ethnicity, family history, and genetic defects are major factors that determine the aggressiveness and lethality of PC. The African population is at the highest risk of developing high-grade PC. It can be challenging to distinguish between low-risk and high-risk patients due to the slow progression of PC. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a revolutionary discovery for the identification of PC. However, it has led to an increase in over diagnosis and over treatment of PC in the past few decades. Even if modifications are made to the standard PSA testing, the specificity has not been found to be significant. Our understanding of PC genetics and proteomics has improved due to advances in different fields. New serum, urine, and tissue biomarkers, such as PC antigen 3 (PCA3), have led to various new diagnostic tests, such as the prostate health index, 4K score, and PCA3. These tests significantly reduce the number of unnecessary and repeat biopsies performed. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and prostatectomy are standard treatment options. However, newer novel hormone therapy drugs with a better response have been identified. Androgen deprivation and hormonal therapy are evolving as new and better options for managing hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant PC. This review aimed to highlight and discuss epidemiology, various risk factors, and developments in PC diagnosis and treatment regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganji Lakshmi Varaprasad
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiran Prasad
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Eunsu Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Mandava Bhuvan Tej
- Department of Health Care Informatics, Sacred Heart University, 5151 Park Avenue, Fair Fields, CT, 06825, USA
| | - Pratik Mohanty
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Henu Kumar Verma
- Department of Immunopathology, Institute of Lungs Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Zentrum, 85764, Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - Ganji Seeta Rama Raju
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Lvks Bhaskar
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India.
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Poutanen M, Hagberg Thulin M, Härkönen P. Targeting sex steroid biosynthesis for breast and prostate cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2023:10.1038/s41568-023-00609-y. [PMID: 37684402 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00609-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matti Poutanen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Turku Center for Disease Modelling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- FICAN West Cancer Center, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Malin Hagberg Thulin
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pirkko Härkönen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- FICAN West Cancer Center, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Peppa M, Manta A, Mavroeidi I, Nastos C, Pikoulis E, Syrigos K, Bamias A. Dietary Approach of Patients with Hormone-Related Cancer Based on the Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load Estimates. Nutrients 2023; 15:3810. [PMID: 37686842 PMCID: PMC10490329 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormone-related cancers, namely breast, endometrial, cervical, prostate, testicular, and thyroid, constitute a specific group of cancers dependent on hormone levels that play an essential role in cancer growth. In addition to the traditional risk factors, diet seems to be an important environmental factor that partially explains the steadily increased prevalence of this group of cancer. The composition of food, the dietary patterns, the endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and the way of food processing and preparation related to dietary advanced glycation end-product formation are all related to cancer. However, it remains unclear which specific dietary components mediate this relationship. Carbohydrates seem to be a risk factor for cancer in general and hormone-related cancers, in particular, with a difference between simple and complex carbohydrates. Glycemic index and glycemic load estimates reflect the effect of dietary carbohydrates on postprandial glucose concentrations. Several studies have investigated the relationship between the dietary glycemic index and glycemic load estimates with the natural course of cancer and, more specifically, hormone-related cancers. High glycemic index and glycemic load diets are associated with cancer development and worse prognosis, partially explained by the adverse effects on insulin metabolism, causing hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, and also by inflammation and oxidative stress induction. Herein, we review the existing data on the effect of diets focusing on the glycemic index and glycemic load estimates on hormone-related cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melpomeni Peppa
- Endocrine Unit, 2nd Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12641 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (I.M.)
| | - Aspasia Manta
- Endocrine Unit, 2nd Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12641 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (I.M.)
| | - Ioanna Mavroeidi
- Endocrine Unit, 2nd Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12641 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (I.M.)
| | - Constantinos Nastos
- 3rd Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12641 Athens, Greece; (C.N.); (E.P.)
| | - Emmanouil Pikoulis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12641 Athens, Greece; (C.N.); (E.P.)
| | - Konstantinos Syrigos
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Aristotelis Bamias
- 2nd Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12641 Athens, Greece;
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lee-Rueckert M, Canyelles M, Tondo M, Rotllan N, Kovanen PT, Llorente-Cortes V, Escolà-Gil JC. Obesity-induced changes in cancer cells and their microenvironment: Mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives to manage dysregulated lipid metabolism. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 93:36-51. [PMID: 37156344 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has been closely related to cancer progression, recurrence, metastasis, and treatment resistance. We aim to review recent progress in the knowledge on the obese macroenvironment and the generated adipose tumor microenvironment (TME) inducing lipid metabolic dysregulation and their influence on carcinogenic processes. Visceral white adipose tissue expansion during obesity exerts systemic or macroenvironmental effects on tumor initiation, growth, and invasion by promoting inflammation, hyperinsulinemia, growth-factor release, and dyslipidemia. The dynamic relationship between cancer and stromal cells of the obese adipose TME is critical for cancer cell survival and proliferation as well. Experimental evidence shows that secreted paracrine signals from cancer cells can induce lipolysis in cancer-associated adipocytes, causing them to release free fatty acids and acquire a fibroblast-like phenotype. Such adipocyte delipidation and phenotypic change is accompanied by an increased secretion of cytokines by cancer-associated adipocytes and tumor-associated macrophages in the TME. Mechanistically, the availability of adipose TME free fatty acids and tumorigenic cytokines concomitant with the activation of angiogenic processes creates an environment that favors a shift in the cancer cells toward an aggressive phenotype associated with increased invasiveness. We conclude that restoring the aberrant metabolic alterations in the host macroenvironment and in adipose TME of obese subjects would be a therapeutic option to prevent cancer development. Several dietary, lipid-based, and oral antidiabetic pharmacological therapies could potentially prevent tumorigenic processes associated with the dysregulated lipid metabolism closely linked to obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Canyelles
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Tondo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemi Rotllan
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortes
- Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kumasaka S, Seki Y, Takayama H, Kumasaka Y, Dineen RA, Tsushima Y. Predictive value of prostate calcification for future cancer occurrence: a retrospective long-term follow-up cohort study. Br J Radiol 2023; 96:20221110. [PMID: 37086073 PMCID: PMC10321267 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20221110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although prostate calcification is often identified on pelvic CT images, calcification itself is usually not considered clinically significant. A recent histological study proposed an association between prostate calcification and prostate cancer occurrence. Our aim was to determine the predictive value of prostate calcifications for future prostate cancer occurrence. METHODS We retrospectively analysed male patients (≥50 years old) without prior prostate cancer history, who underwent unenhanced pelvic CT between April 2010 and March 2011, and followed-up until December 2021. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess prostate cancer risk with prostate calcification (defined as a high-density area larger than 3 mm with CT attenuation values ≥ 130 HU), controlling for age, body mass index (BMI), hypertension and diabetes mellitus. RESULTS A total of 636 male patients (mean age, 68 years ± 9 [standard deviation]) were evaluated. At the end of follow-up, prostate cancer had been more frequently diagnosed in patients with prostate calcification than those without prostate calcification (6.5% vs 2.6%). Multivariate analysis revealed that prostate calcification on CT was a significant predictor of future prostate cancer occurrence (hazard ratio [HR], 2.7; 95% CI: 1.20, 5.91; p = 0.016). No statistical differences were observed in any other factors. CONCLUSION Prostate calcification may be a significant predictor of future prostate cancer occurrence, and may be used for risk stratification and to guide screening protocols. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Presence of prostate calcification on unenhanced CT scan was associated with increased incidence of prostate cancer occurrence on long term follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuko Seki
- Department of Radiology, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takayama
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yuka Kumasaka
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | | | - Yoshito Tsushima
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Cheng F, He J, Yang J. Bone marrow microenvironment: roles and therapeutic implications in obesity-associated cancer. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:566-577. [PMID: 37087397 PMCID: PMC10329995 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is increasing globally and has been closely linked to the initiation and progression of multiple human cancers. These relationships, to a large degree, are mediated through obesity-driven disruption of physiological homeostasis characterized by local and systemic endocrinologic, inflammatory, and metabolic changes. Bone marrow microenvironment (BMME), which evolves during obesity, has been implicated in multiple types of cancer. Growing evidence shows that physiological dysfunction of BMME with altered cellular composition, stromal and immune cell function, and energy metabolism, as well as inflammation and hypoxia, in the context of obesity contributes to cancer initiation and progression. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying the obesity-BMME-cancer axis remain elusive. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in understanding the evolution of BMME during obesity, its contributions to cancer initiation and progression, and the implications for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Cheng
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jin He
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Cariolou M, Markozannes G, Becerra-Tomás N, Vieira R, Balducci K, Aune D, Muller DC, Chan DSM, Tsilidis KK. Association between adiposity after diagnosis of prostate cancer and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ MEDICINE 2023; 2:e000339. [PMID: 37841967 PMCID: PMC10568122 DOI: 10.1136/bmjmed-2022-000339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective To explore the associations between adiposity indices, assessed at or after a diagnosis of prostate cancer, and mortality. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources PubMed and Embase, from inception to 16 November 2022. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Cohort studies or randomised controlled trials of men with a diagnosis of prostate cancer that investigated the associations between adiposity (body mass index, waist and hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue) after diagnosis and mortality outcomes. A modified version of the risk of bias for nutrition observational studies tool was used to assess risk of bias. Results 79 studies were identified that investigated adiposity indices after a diagnosis of prostate cancer in relation to mortality. No randomised controlled trials were found. A non-linear dose-response meta-analysis indicated a J shaped association between body mass index and all cause mortality (33 910 men, 11 095 deaths, 17 studies). The highest rate of all cause mortality was found at the lowest and upper range of the distribution: 11-23% higher rate for a body mass index of 17-21 and 4-43% higher rate for a body mass index of 30-40. The association between body mass index and mortality specific to prostate cancer was flat until body mass index reached 26-27, and then increased linearly by 8-66% for a body mass index of 30-40 (33 137 men, 2947 deaths, 13 studies), but the 95% confidence intervals were wide. These associations did not differ in most predefined subgroups by study design, number of deaths, anthropometric assessment, follow-up time, geographical location, prostate cancer risk group, and adjustment variables. No associations were found in meta-analyses between 10 cm increases in waist circumference and all cause mortality or mortality specific to prostate cancer, but only three studies were available. The few studies with data on change in weight, waist-to-hip ratio, and subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue reported conflicting results. Conclusions This review suggests that patients with prostate cancer might benefit from maintaining a healthy weight and avoiding obesity. Future studies should investigate adiposity across different stages of cancer survivorship and use various parameters for distribution of adipose tissue. Systematic review registration Open Science Framework https://osf.io/qp3c4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Cariolou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Georgios Markozannes
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Nerea Becerra-Tomás
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rita Vieira
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Katia Balducci
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Nutrition, Oslo New University College, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - David C Muller
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Doris S M Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lin M, Sun X, Lv L. New insights and options into the mechanisms and effects of combined targeted therapy and immunotherapy in prostate cancer. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 29:91-106. [PMID: 37215386 PMCID: PMC10199166 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is believed to drive prostate carcinogenesis by producing reactive oxygen species or reactive nitrogen species to induce DNA damage. This effect might subsequently cause epigenetic and genomic alterations, leading to malignant transformation. Although established therapeutic advances have extended overall survival, tumors in patients with advanced prostate cancer are prone to metastasis, transformation into metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, and therapeutic resistance. The tumor microenvironment (TME) of prostate cancer is involved in carcinogenesis, invasion and drug resistance. A plethora of preclinical studies have focused on immune-based therapies. Understanding the intricate TME system in prostate cancer may hold much promise for developing novel therapies, designing combinational therapeutic strategies, and further overcoming resistance to established treatments to improve the lives of prostate cancer patients. In this review, we discuss nonimmune components and various immune cells within the TME and their putative roles during prostate cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. We also outline the updated fundamental research focusing on therapeutic advances of targeted therapy as well as combinational options for prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingen Lin
- Nourse Centre for Pet Nutrition, Wuhu 241200, China
| | - Xue Sun
- Nourse Centre for Pet Nutrition, Wuhu 241200, China
| | - Lei Lv
- Nourse Centre for Pet Nutrition, Wuhu 241200, China
- Shanghai Chowsing Pet Products Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201103, China
| |
Collapse
|