|
1
|
Lushin V, Marcus S, Tao S, Engstrom M, Roux A, Shea L. Comparing the prevalence of substance use disorders between persons with and without autism spectrum disorders. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2025:13623613251325282. [PMID: 40156509 DOI: 10.1177/13623613251325282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2025]
Abstract
Recent research has suggested that people with autism spectrum disorder may be disproportionately at risk of substance use disorders. This study analyzed national-level Medicaid Claims data to compare substance use disorder prevalence among Medicaid enrollees with autism spectrum disorder (N = 388,426) and a random sample of enrollees without autism spectrum disorder (n = 745,699) and to examine whether this association differs across sex and age groups and changes after adjusting for co-occurring mental health conditions. We also examined how the association between autism spectrum disorder and substance use disorder is moderated by co-occurring non-autism spectrum disorder mental health conditions and by community-level social determinants of health by merging Medicaid Claims data with zip code-level US Census data on socioeconomic deprivation. By 2016, 7% of Medicaid beneficiaries with autism spectrum disorder and no intellectual disability had at least one substance use disorder diagnosis, up from 1.75% USD prevalence among enrollees with autism spectrum disorder (no intellectual disability) in 2012 Medicaid data. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder aged 30-64 years were at an elevated risk of cannabis and hallucinogen disorders; this risk is likely compounded by co-occurring mental health conditions, which affect a half of all individuals with autism spectrum disorder and only 23% of individuals without autism spectrum disorder. Research and policy implications are discussed in turn.Lay abstractRecent research has suggested that people with autism spectrum disorder may be disproportionately at risk of substance use disorders. The present study analyzed national-level Medicaid Claims data to compare substance use disorder prevalence among Medicaid beneficiaries with autism spectrum disorder and without autism spectrum disorder and to examine whether this association differs across sex and age groups and depends on mental health conditions besides autism. We also examined how the association between autism spectrum disorder and substance use disorder is moderated by co-occurring non-autism spectrum disorder mental health conditions and by community-level social determinants of health. For the latter purpose, Medicaid Claims data were merged with zip code-level US Census data on socioeconomic deprivation. Our analyses demonstrated that, by 2016, 7% of Medicaid enrollees with autism spectrum disorder and no intellectual disability had at least one substance use disorder diagnosis, up from 1.75% USD prevalence among enrollees with autism spectrum disorder (no intellectual disability) in 2012 Medicaid data. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder aged 30-64 years are at an elevated risk of cannabis and hallucinogen use disorders, while this risk is likely compounded by co-occurring mental health conditions, which affect a half of all individuals with autism spectrum disorder and only 23% of individuals without autism spectrum disorder. Research and policy implications are discussed in turn.
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Sumiya M, Katahira K, Akechi H, Senju A. The preference for surprise in reinforcement learning underlies the differences in developmental changes in risk preference between autistic and neurotypical youth. Mol Autism 2025; 16:3. [PMID: 39819491 PMCID: PMC11740557 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-025-00637-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2025] [Indexed: 01/19/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk preference changes nonlinearly across development. Although extensive developmental research on the neurotypical (NTP) population has shown that risk preference is highest during adolescence, developmental changes in risk preference in autistic (AUT) people, who tend to prefer predictable behaviors, have not been investigated. Here, we aimed to investigate these changes and underlying computational mechanisms. METHOD We ran a game-like risk-sensitive reinforcement learning task on 75 participants aged 6-30 years (AUT group, n = 31; NTP group, n = 44). Focusing on choices between alternatives with the same objective value but different risks, we calculated the risk preference and stay probability of a risky choice after a rewarding or non-rewarding outcome. Analyses using t-tests and multiple regression analyses were conducted. Using the choice-related data of each participant, we fit four reinforcement learning models and compared the fit of each model to the data. Furthermore, we validated the results of model fitting with multiple methods, model recovery, parameter recovery, and posterior predictive check. RESULTS We found a significant difference in nonlinear developmental changes in risk preference between the AUT and NTP groups. The computational modeling approach with reinforcement learning models revealed that individual preferences for surprise modulated such preferences. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that for NTP people, adolescence is a developmental period involving risk preference, possibly due to lower surprise aversion. Conversely, for AUT people, who show opposite developmental change of risk preference, adolescence could be a developmental period involving risk avoidance because of low surprise preference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motofumi Sumiya
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Osaka, Kanazawa, Hamamatsu, Chiba, Fukui, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Katahira
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hironori Akechi
- Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Senju
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Osaka, Kanazawa, Hamamatsu, Chiba, Fukui, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Greger HK, Stuifbergen MC, Jozefiak T, Kayed NS, Lydersen S, Rimehaug T, Schalinski I, Seim AR, Singstad MT, Wallander J, Wichstrøm L, Lehmann S. Young Adults with a History of Residential Youth Care: A Cohort Profile of a Hard-to-Reach Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:1447. [PMID: 39595714 PMCID: PMC11593612 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21111447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2024] [Revised: 10/22/2024] [Accepted: 10/25/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024]
Abstract
Adults with a history of living in residential youth care (RYC) face elevated risks across various life domains. In this cohort profile paper, we outline the design of a comprehensive follow-up study-the VINGO study-targeting young adults (22-30 years) with a history of living in RYC (T2). We describe the recruitment strategy and present sample characteristics. Data were collected in the baseline study (T1) from 2011 to 2014. At T1, the 400 adolescent participants showed a high prevalence of mental disorders, maltreatment experiences, substance use, and self-reported suicide attempts. Data collection at T2 10 years later (2021-2023) included self-reported sociodemographic information, physical health, childhood maltreatment, dissociation, quality of life, social support, and self-esteem using standardized and validated instruments. A diagnostic psychiatric assessment and subjective evaluation of service utilization were conducted by telephone interviews. Additionally, a qualitative sub-study involved in-depth interviews of fourteen participants. We reached a 52% response rate at T2. Comparing participants (n = 157, 107 females) to non-participants (n = 243, 123 females) based on T1 data revealed that T2 participants had a higher prevalence of depression, anxiety, and conduct disorder and a lower prevalence of ADHD at T1. Furthermore, T2 participants reported more suicide attempts, experiences of maltreatment, and problematic substance use at T1. Our results show that we reached a burdened population, positioning the VINGO study as a unique opportunity to examine a vulnerable population of emerging adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Klæboe Greger
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (M.C.S.); (T.J.); (N.S.K.); (S.L.); (T.R.); (A.R.S.); (M.T.S.); (J.W.)
- Department of Mental Healthcare—Emergency and Children, St. Olavs Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maria C. Stuifbergen
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (M.C.S.); (T.J.); (N.S.K.); (S.L.); (T.R.); (A.R.S.); (M.T.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Thomas Jozefiak
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (M.C.S.); (T.J.); (N.S.K.); (S.L.); (T.R.); (A.R.S.); (M.T.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Nanna Sønnichsen Kayed
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (M.C.S.); (T.J.); (N.S.K.); (S.L.); (T.R.); (A.R.S.); (M.T.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Stian Lydersen
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (M.C.S.); (T.J.); (N.S.K.); (S.L.); (T.R.); (A.R.S.); (M.T.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Tormod Rimehaug
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (M.C.S.); (T.J.); (N.S.K.); (S.L.); (T.R.); (A.R.S.); (M.T.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Inga Schalinski
- Department of Human Sciences, Universität der Bundeswehr München, 85579 Neubiberg, Germany;
| | - Astrid Røsland Seim
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (M.C.S.); (T.J.); (N.S.K.); (S.L.); (T.R.); (A.R.S.); (M.T.S.); (J.W.)
- Department of Mental Healthcare—Emergency and Children, St. Olavs Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marianne Tevik Singstad
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (M.C.S.); (T.J.); (N.S.K.); (S.L.); (T.R.); (A.R.S.); (M.T.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Jan Wallander
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (M.C.S.); (T.J.); (N.S.K.); (S.L.); (T.R.); (A.R.S.); (M.T.S.); (J.W.)
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Lars Wichstrøm
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
| | - Stine Lehmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
| |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Blaha Y, Cavelti M, Lerch S, Steinhoff A, Koenig J, Kaess M. Risk-taking and self-harm behaviors as markers of adolescent borderline personality disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:2743-2753. [PMID: 38194081 PMCID: PMC11272750 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02353-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical period for early identification and intervention of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Risk-taking and self-harm behaviors (RSB) have been identified as promising early markers of BPD and correlates of depression in school-based samples. The present study aimed, first, to examine the association between RSB and BPD in a clinical sample of adolescents and, second, to examine whether RSB are also linked to depression. N = 405 participants (82.7% female) were recruited from an outpatient clinic for adolescents with RSB. RSB assessed included truancy, excessive media use, alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use, sexual risk-taking, and self-harm behavior. Regression analyses and generalized linear models were performed to examine the associations between individual RSB or patterns of RSB (identified using latent class analysis, LCA) and a diagnosis and severity of BPD or depression. All RSB (except excessive media use) were positively associated with BPD diagnosis and severity. In contrast, only non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide attempts were positively associated with depression diagnosis and severity, while illicit drug use was negatively associated with depression severity. The LCA yielded two classes differing in the occurrence of RSB. The high RSB class was more likely to have a BPD diagnosis and greater BPD severity than the low RSB class. Classes did not differ regarding depression diagnosis or severity. As NSSI and suicide attempts were associated with both BPD and depression, the presence of additional RSB, besides self-harm behavior, may represent a specific risk marker for BPD in adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Blaha
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marialuisa Cavelti
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Lerch
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Annekatrin Steinhoff
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julian Koenig
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Kaess
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
|
5
|
Kurt ZK, Demir Hacıosmanoğlu G, Yıldırım M, Özaslan A. Adolescent smoking patterns: Associations with sociodemographic factors, cyberbullying, and psychiatric diagnoses in an outpatient clinical sample. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38165398 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2023.2299873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
There is a scarcity of research on smoking in adolescents within a clinical (outpatient) sample, and there is no existing knowledge on the relationship between cyberbullying and smoking in this population. The primary aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of smoking among adolescents in a clinical sample. Additionally, it aims to examine the potential associations between smoking status and factors such as socioeconomic characteristics, psychiatric diagnoses, and cyberbullying levels. A cross-sectional study was performed on 200 adolescents who visited a tertiary child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic. Participants were assessed using the DSM-5 based psychiatric evaluation, the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version-DSM-5 Turkish Adaptation (K-SADS-PL-DSM-5-T), the Revised Cyber Bullying Inventory-II, and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. The study found that 21% of the sample consisted of regular smokers, with a higher prevalence observed among older adolescents. The prevalence of depression and disruptive behavior disorders was significantly greater in the smoking group compared to other groups (p:0.043, p < 0.001, respectively). There was a significant difference in the scores for the cyberbullying bully subdimension among smokers (p = 0.013). The results of the multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated significant associations between smoking and age, maternal smoking status, friends smoking status, and a diagnosis of disruptive behavior disorder (p < 0.05 for all variables). This study reveals a significant prevalence of adolescent smoking in an outpatient clinic. These findings highlight the necessity of implementing focused smoking cessation interventions for this specific population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Kübra Kurt
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Murat Yıldırım
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Ağrı, Turkey
- Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmet Özaslan
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
- Child Protection Research and Application Center, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
|
6
|
Munthali RJ, Richardson CG, Pei J, Westenberg JN, Munro L, Auerbach RP, Prescivalli AP, Vereschagin M, Clarke QK, Wang AY, Vigo D. Patterns of anxiety, depression, and substance use risk behaviors among university students in Canada. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37943497 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2277201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To identify subgroups of students with distinct profiles of mental health symptoms (MH) and substance use risk (SU) and the extent to which MH history and socio-demographics predict subgroup membership. Participants: University students (N = 10,935: 63% female). Methods: Repeated cross-sectional survey administered weekly to stratified random samples. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify subgroups and multinomial regression was used to examine associations with variables of interest. Results: LCA identified an optimal 4-latent class solution: High MH-Low SU (47%), Low MH-Low SU (22%), High MH-High SU (19%), and Low MH-High SU (12%). MH history, gender, and ethnicity were associated with membership in the classes with high risk of MH, SU, or both. Conclusion: A substantial proportion of students presented with MH, SU, or both. Gender, ethnicity and MH history is associated with specific patterns of MH and SU, offering potentially useful information to tailor early interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Munthali
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chris G Richardson
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julia Pei
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jean N Westenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lonna Munro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Randy P Auerbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Melissa Vereschagin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Quinten K Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Angel Y Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniel Vigo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
|
7
|
Ly A, Heron J, Rai D, Wright C. Autism, autistic traits and multiple risk behaviours in adolescence: a longitudinal birth cohort study. Psychol Med 2023; 53:4210-4219. [PMID: 35481795 PMCID: PMC10317793 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722000940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple risk behaviours (MRBs), typically beginning in adolescence, are associated with increased risk of adverse health and social outcomes. The association between autism and MRBs is little understood. METHODS Data were from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, an UK-based longitudinal, birth cohort study. Exposures were diagnosed autism and four autistic traits: social communication difficulties, pragmatic language, repetitive behaviours and reduced sociability. Outcomes were participation in up to 14 risk behaviours, including alcohol consumption, smoking, risky sexual behaviours and physical inactivity. Outcome data were collected at ages approximately 12, 14, 16 and 18. RESULTS Up to 4300 participants were included in latent basis growth curve analyses with adjustment for confounders. Social communication difficulties were associated with an above average level of MRBs engagement at ~12 years (mean difference β 0.26; 95% CI 0.13-0.40), and above average rate of engagement from ages ~12-18 (β 0.08; 95% CI 0.02-0.13). Repetitive behaviours were associated with above average levels of engagement in MRBs at ~12 years (β 0.24; 95% CI 0.09-0.38). Contrastingly, reduced sociability was associated with a reduced rate of engagement in MRBs from ages ~12-18 (β -0.06; 95% CI -0.11 to -0.02). In sex-specific analyses, persisting differences in MRB engagement patterns from ages ~12-18 were observed in males with social communication difficulties and females with reduced sociability temperament. CONCLUSIONS Having elevated levels of some autistic traits appear to have differentiated effects on MRB engagement patterns. These findings could reflect difficulties fitting in and/or coping mechanisms relating to difficulties with fitting in.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Ly
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Jon Heron
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Public Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Dheeraj Rai
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
- BASS Autism Services for Adults, Avon & Wiltshire Partnership NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline Wright
- Centre for Public Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
|
8
|
Engelgardt P, Krzyżanowski M, Borkowska-Sztachańska M, Wasilewska A, Ciucias M. Life time use of illicit substances among adolescents and young people hospitalized in psychiatric hospital. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1866. [PMID: 36725976 PMCID: PMC9892487 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28603-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescents are known to be particularly vulnerable, compared to children and adults, to initiation of substance use and progression to problematic use. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and type of illicit drug use in a population of adolescents and young adults who were hospitalized in a psychiatric hospital. The purpose of the study was also to find the link between age, sex, type of admission and particular mental disorders and using psychoactive substances at least once in a lifetime. A 12-month retrospective cross-sectional analysis of medical records compiled for adolescent and youth psychiatric patients who had been admitted to the Regional Psychiatric Hospital in Olsztyn, Poland, between October 1, 2018, and September 30, 2019, was conducted. After analyzing the available medical records, 506 cases were included and analyzed. Data for the study were collected in an Excel spreadsheet from discharge reports, including data from psychiatric examinations, especially anamnesis. Subsequently, statistical calculations were performed. Lifetime prevalence of any illicit substance use (34.0%) was common. The most frequently used drug was Cannabis (29.2%), the next New Psychoactive Substance-NPS (14.2%) and Amphetamine (13.0%). The higher number of people declaring to take illicit substances was proportional to the increasing age. Except for the group 10-15 years, the subject group was dominated by males. The highest, statistically significant percentage of patients who declared taking illicit substances in general, was found in people with diagnoses F20-F29 (schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders) (55%), additionally, we found a statistically significant association between NPS use and these diagnoses. Only in the group of patients diagnosed with eating disorders no one declared taking psychoactive substances. However, the correlation between taking illicit drugs and the subgroups with diagnosed psychiatric diseases should be treated with caution because of the small sample size in some cases. Our findings have shown the significant prevalence of the phenomenon in this population. These data highlight the need to explore this population at high risk carefully.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Engelgardt
- Department of Pathomorphology and Forensic Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Maciej Krzyżanowski
- Department of Pathomorphology and Forensic Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | | | - Michał Ciucias
- Department of Anatomy, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
|
9
|
Greger HK, Kristianslund SK, Stensland SØ. Interpersonal violence and recurrent headache among adolescents with a history of psychiatric problems. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2023; 22:2. [PMID: 36694246 PMCID: PMC9872394 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-023-00432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interpersonal violence (IPV) is found to be associated with mental health problems and pain disorders such as headache among children and adolescents. It is well-known that adolescents in need of mental health services have experienced IPV more often than adolescents in the general population. However, there has not been much focus on pain conditions in child and adolescent psychiatric populations. METHODS Data from the current study are based on a 3-year follow-up of the CAP-survey, which is a study of adolescents in the child and adolescent psychiatric unit population of St. Olavs Hospital (Trondheim University Hospital). The baseline study was conducted between 2009 and 2011, with 717 participants between 13 and 18 years. All participants were enrolled, or newly referred to the child and adolescent psychiatric clinic. At follow-up, 570 participants completed questionnaire, and 550 completed a diagnostic interview. The participants were aged 16-21 years (mean age 18.6 years). RESULTS A third of the adolescents reported frequent headaches (weekly or daily). Adolescents with more severe mental problems were more likely to experience frequent headaches. Adolescents exposed to unpleasant sexual acts or bullying, reported more frequent headaches than non-exposed participants. Participants exposed to three or more types of IPV seemed to be at particularly high risk of experiencing frequent headache. CONCLUSIONS Both experiences of interpersonal violence and headache are common in this clinical psychiatric population. Clinicians should assess for headache disorders in addition to psychiatric and trauma assessment and provide need-based treatment to enhance chance of recovery among adolescents in mental health services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Klæboe Greger
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Institute of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway and St.Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
10
|
Langwerden RJ, van der Heijden PT, Soons PH, Derksen JJ, Vuijk R, Egger JI. An Exploratory Study of MMPI-2-RF Personality and Psychopathology Profiles of Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability. CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2022; 19:335-346. [PMID: 36340276 PMCID: PMC9597642 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20220509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE More empirical research is needed to disentangle the phenotypes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and cluster C personality symptomatology (CCPD), as both show similarities in their clinical presentation. We explored personality and psychopathology dimensions as conceptualized in contemporary dimensional taxonomies (i.e., hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology; HiTOP) in adults with ASD without intellectual disability operationalized by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF). METHOD Applying secondary analytic processes using clinical data, we cross-examined the MMPI-2-RF profiles of adults with ASD (n = 28) compared to adults with Cluster C personality disorders (CCPD; n = 28) and a control group (n = 28) by conducting nonparametric tests and assessing effect sizes. RESULTS The profiles of the ASD and CCPD groups evidenced to be similar, and both average clinical profiles diverged from the average control group profiles by elevated levels of demoralization, internalizing, and somatization symptomatology. There were small differences between the average profiles of adults with ASD and adults with CCPD. Additional research using dimensional measures of psychopathology could elucidate the dimensional phenotypes of ASD and CCPD. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results in this study, the MMPI-2-RF may not meaningfully discriminate between the two clinical presentations, with the exception of various externalizing scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robbert J. Langwerden
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA,Corresponding Author Robbert J. Langwerden 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA E-mail: robbert.langwerden@ donders.ru.nl Phone: (+1) 305 348 5388
| | - Paul T. van der Heijden
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Reinier van Arkel Mental Health Institute, ’s Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan J.L. Derksen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Clinical and Life Span Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Richard Vuijk
- Sarr Autism Rotterdam, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos I.M. Egger
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Vincent van Gogh Centres of Excellence for Neuropsychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands, Stevig Specialized and Forensic Care for People with Intellectual Disabilities, Dichterbij, Oostrum, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
|
11
|
Ki M, Shim HY, Lim J, Hwang M, Kang J, Na KS. Preventive health behaviors among people with suicide ideation using nationwide cross-sectional data in South Korea. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11615. [PMID: 35803980 PMCID: PMC9270366 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14349-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between suicide ideation and health-related behaviors and preventive health service use behaviors. We used data from the 2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), a nationally representative survey. The final sample included 4486 participants aged 40 years or older. Preventive health behaviors were assessed for smoking, high-risk drinking, physical activities, regular meal intake, influenza vaccination, general health examination, and cancer screening. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between suicide ideation and preventive health behaviors with a series of adjustments for covariates. In general, suicide ideation was associated with unfavorable outcomes of preventive health behaviors, except for flu vaccination. For example, the adjusted prevalence of suicide ideation and non-suicide ideation groups were 54.3% vs. 43.7% for flu vaccination, 23.1% vs. 41.6% for physical activity, and 24.8% vs. 18.6% for high-risk alcohol drinking. After adjustment for covariates, the associations of suicide ideation with behaviors remained significant for physical activity (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.34-0.81) and high-risk alcohol drinking (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.34-3.69). Suicide ideation leads to the disruption of self-management of health behaviours, especially for physical activity and high-risk alcohol drinking, independently of depressive feelings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myung Ki
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21FOUR R&E Center for learning Health Systems, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Young Shim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Eulji University School of Medicine, 77, Gyeryong-ro 771beon-gil, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 34824, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiseun Lim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Eulji University School of Medicine, 77, Gyeryong-ro 771beon-gil, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 34824, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minji Hwang
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21FOUR R&E Center for learning Health Systems, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Eulji University School of Medicine, 77, Gyeryong-ro 771beon-gil, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 34824, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sae Na
- Department of Psychiatry, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
|
12
|
Vink JM, Treur JL, Pasman JA, Schellekens A. Investigating genetic correlation and causality between nicotine dependence and ADHD in a broader psychiatric context. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2021; 186:423-429. [PMID: 32909657 PMCID: PMC9292706 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
People with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or other psychiatric disorders show high rates of nicotine dependence (ND). This comorbidity might be (partly) explained by shared genetic factors. Genetic correlations between ND and ADHD (or other psychiatric disorders) have not yet been estimated. A significant genetic correlation might indicate genetic overlap, but could also reflect a causal relationship. In the present study we investigated the genetic correlation (with LD score regression analyses) between ND and ADHD, as well as between ND and other major psychiatric conditions (major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum, anorexia nervosa, and antisocial behavior) based on the summary statistics of large Genome Wide Association studies. We explored the causal nature of the relationship between ND and ADHD using two-sample Mendelian randomization. We found a high genetic correlation between ND and ADHD (rg = .53, p = 1.85 × 10-13 ), and to a lesser extent also between ND-major depressive disorder (rg = .42, p = 3.6 × 10-11 ) and ND-schizophrenia (rg = .18, p = 1.1 × 10-3 ). We did not find evidence for a causal relationship from liability for ADHD to ND (which could be due to a lack of power). The strong genetic correlations might reflect different phenotypic manifestations of (partly) shared underlying genetic vulnerabilities. Combined with the lack of evidence for a causal relationship from liability for ADHD to ND, these findings stress the importance to further investigate the underlying genetic vulnerability explaining co-morbidity in psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorien L. Treur
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Joëlle A. Pasman
- Behavioural Science InstituteRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Arnt Schellekens
- Department of PsychiatryRadoudumc, Donders Centre for Medical NeuroscienceNijmegenThe Netherlands,Nijmegen Institute for Scientist Practitioners in AddictionNijmegenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
|
13
|
Sun YJ, Xu LZ, Ma ZH, Yang YL, Yin TN, Gong XY, Gao ZL, Liu YL, Liu J. Health-related risky behaviors and their risk factors in adolescents with high-functioning autism. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:6329-6342. [PMID: 34434999 PMCID: PMC8362546 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i22.6329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health-related risky behaviors generally refer to behaviors that have a negative impact on health and quality of life. Health-related risky behaviors in adolescents with high-functioning autism (HFA) have not been well understood so far. Adolescents with HFA may have more health-related risky behaviors than neurotypical adolescents.
AIM To investigate health-related risky behaviors and their risk factors with HFA.
METHODS This is an observational study. Our study enrolled 110 adolescents aged 12-19-years-old meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition criteria for HFA. They were recruited from Peking University Sixth Hospital. There were also 110 age, sex and nationality matched controls enrolled who came from a public school in Beijing, China. Both groups completed the Adolescents Health-related Risky Behavior Inventory. Nonparametric tests were carried out for comparison of the Adolescents Health-related Risky Behavior Inventory scores between the two groups. Expression recognition, the Inventory of Subjective Life Quality for Child and Adolescent, Chinese Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Adult-Chinese Revised, Theory of Mind test and Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire were assessed in the autism group to explore factors associated with health-related risky behaviors. Multivariate regression analysis was conducted to explore the risk factors of health-related risky behaviors in the HFA group.
RESULTS The results showed that the total score of the Adolescents Health-related Risky Behavior Inventory and scores of “aggression and violence,” “suicide and self-injury,” “health compromising behavior” and “unprotected sex” subscales in the HFA group were significantly higher than those in the control group (Z range -4.197 to -2.213, P < 0.05). Among the associated factors, poor emotional experience (B = -0.268, P < 0.001), depression (B = -0.321, P < 0.001), low score of intelligence (B = -0.032, P = 0.042), low score of Theory of Mind test (B = -1.321, P = 0.003) and poor adaptation to school life (B = -0.152, P = 0.006) were risk factors. These risky behaviors may promote the occurrence of health-related risky behaviors in adolescents with HFA.
CONCLUSION This study showed that adolescents with HFA were more likely to be involved in health-related risky behaviors. Different health-related risky behaviors have different reasons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jing Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ling-Zi Xu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zeng-Hui Ma
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yu-Lu Yang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ting-Ni Yin
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Gong
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zi-Lin Gao
- Quanzhou Children’s and Women’s Hospital, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yan-Ling Liu
- Department of Mathematics, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
14
|
Sun Y, Li X, Xu L, Ma Z, Yang Y, Yin T, Gao Z, Gong X, Li L, Liu Q, Tang X, Liu J. Health-related risky behaviors in Chinese adolescents with autism: a cross-sectional study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2021; 15:39. [PMID: 34330314 PMCID: PMC8325271 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-021-00390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health-related risky behaviors (HRB) generally refer to behaviors that have a negative influence on health and quality of life. HRB in adolescents with autism have not been well understood so far. We aim to explore health-related risky behaviors and their risk factors with autistic adolescents. METHODS In this study, 150 adolescents with autism and 150 neurotypical adolescents were enrolled. Participants in both groups completed the Adolescent Health-Related Risky Behavior Inventory (AHRBI). Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ), Wechsler Intelligence Scale, Theory of Mind (ToM) Test, Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Self-Esteem Scale (SES) were also assessed in the autism group to explore risk factors. RESULTS The results showed that the total score of AHRBI and scores of "aggression and violence (AV)", "suicide or self-injury (SS)", "health-compromising behavior (HCB)", and "unprotected sex (US)" subscales in the autism group were significantly higher than those in the control group (Z value = - 4.58 ~ - 2.26, all P < 0.05). Anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, low IQ score, low ToM test score, increasing age, and communication disorder were found as risk factors for health-related risky behaviors in autistic adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with autism have more health-related risky behaviors than neurotypical adolescents. We should pay attention to the emotional state, self-esteem, cognitive function, and verbal communication levels of autistic adolescent with health-related risky behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Sun
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Health Commission (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), No. 51 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Xue Li
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Health Commission (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), No. 51 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Lingzi Xu
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Health Commission (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), No. 51 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Zenghui Ma
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Health Commission (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), No. 51 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Yulu Yang
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Health Commission (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), No. 51 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Tingni Yin
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Health Commission (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), No. 51 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Zilin Gao
- Children’s and Women’s Hospital, Quanzhou, 362000 China
| | - Xiaoyun Gong
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Health Commission (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), No. 51 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Lei Li
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Health Commission (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), No. 51 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Qinyi Liu
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Health Commission (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), No. 51 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Xinzhou Tang
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Health Commission (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), No. 51 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Jing Liu
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Health Commission (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), No. 51 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| |
Collapse
|
|
15
|
Haasbroek H, Morojele N. A Systematic Literature Review on the Relationship Between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Substance Use Among Adults and Adolescents. REVIEW JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40489-021-00242-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
|
16
|
Kaltenegger HC, Doering S, Gillberg C, Wennberg P, Lundström S. Low prevalence of risk drinking in adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum problems. Addict Behav 2021; 113:106671. [PMID: 33080544 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have high rates of "comorbidity". Research on concurrent substance use (disorder) in ASD, however, is scarce and findings have been inconsistent. This study aims at assessing the prevalence of risk drinking in adolescent and young adult twins with and without autism spectrum problems. Data from a Swedish longitudinal nationwide twin study were analyzed. Across three age groups of 15- (N = 10,050), 18- (N = 7,931) and 24-year-olds (N = 2,882) prevalence rates of risk drinking were compared between twins with and without an ASD proxy diagnosis and between different ASD subgroups based on comorbid proxies for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or Learning Disorder (LD). ASD, ADHD, and LD were assessed using the Autism-Tics, ADHD, and other Comorbidities inventory (A-TAC), and risk drinking was captured by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT; age 18 and 24) and another set of self-report questions (age 15). In each age group, the prevalence of risk drinking in ASD was lower than in individuals without ASD, yet increasing continuously with age. Exploratory subgroup ASD analyses showed a trend towards risk drinking being more common among individuals with co-existing ADHD or LD problems than among those without "comorbidity", although sample sizes were too small to draw any certain conclusions. This study indicates low prevalence of risk drinking in adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum problems and highlights the need for further research on alcohol use in individuals with ASD and comorbid disorders.
Collapse
|
|
17
|
Gårdvik KS, Rygg M, Torgersen T, Lydersen S, Indredavik MS. Psychiatric morbidity, somatic comorbidity and substance use in an adolescent psychiatric population at 3-year follow-up. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:1095-1112. [PMID: 32671493 PMCID: PMC8295167 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01602-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge is scarce on the course of psychiatric disorders in adolescence. We aimed to assess changes in the frequency of psychiatric disorders, somatic disorders, pain, and substance use in a clinical psychiatric cohort from adolescence to young adulthood. This study is part of the Health Survey in Department of Children and Youth, St. Olavs Hospital, Norway. At age 13-18 years, 717 (43.5% of eligible) participated in the first study visit (T1) in 2009-2011, 549 were reassessed 3 years later with telephone interview (T2), and 464 had diagnostic evaluation at both time points. Data included: ICD-10 diagnoses (T1), DSM-IV diagnoses (T2), self-reported pain and substance use (T1 and T2). The overall rate of psychiatric disorders decreased (T1 vs. T2: 94.8% vs. 72.2%, p < 0.001); while, an increased rate of anxiety disorders was marked among girls (37.5% vs. 55.9%, p < 0.001), with accompanying raised frequencies of psychiatric comorbidity (14.1% vs. 42.6%, p < 0.001), somatic comorbidity (9.4% vs. 19.5%, p = 0.001), chronic pain (31.6% vs. 49.4%, p < 0.001), smoking, alcohol use and trying illicit drugs. Chronic pain, smoking and trying illicit drugs were associated with persisting psychiatric disorders, with highest risk differences for girls (RD = 25.4%, p = 0.002, RD = 15.6%, p = 0.008, RD = 18.0%, p = 0.001, respectively). Three out of four adolescents still had a psychiatric disorder after 3 years. Unlike boys, girls had an increasing rate of anxiety disorders and comorbidities. Chronic pain, smoking and trying illicit drugs were associated with persisting psychiatric disorders. Despite methodological limitations, these findings emphasize the importance of early targeted intervention for adolescents with psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kari Skulstad Gårdvik
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
- Division of Mental Health Care, Department of Children and Youth, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Marite Rygg
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Terje Torgersen
- Division of Mental Health Care, Department of Østmarka, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stian Lydersen
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marit Sæbø Indredavik
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
|
18
|
Duko B, Pereira G, Betts K, Tait RJ, Newnham J, Alati R. Associations of prenatal alcohol exposure and offspring harmful alcohol use: findings from the Raine Study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 217:108305. [PMID: 33032247 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence suggests offspring exposed to prenatal alcohol are at increased risk of alcohol use disorders in adulthood. The evidence on the risk of developing harmful alcohol use in adolescence is less clear. METHODS We used data from the Raine Study, a multi-generational birth cohort study, to examine the association between prenatal alcohol exposure and the risk of harmful alcohol use in offspring at the age of 17 years. Log binomial regression was used to estimate the relative risks (RRs) of harmful alcohol use in offspring exposed to maternal alcohol use in the first (early) and third (late) trimesters of pregnancy. Maternal pre-pregnancy alcohol use was used as a negative control for intrauterine exposure for comparison. RESULTS Complete data were available for 1200 mother-offspring pairs. After adjustment for potential confounders, we found increased RRs of harmful alcohol use in offspring born to mothers who consumed four or more standard drinks of alcohol per week during the first trimester [RR 1.45(95% CI: 1.08-1.93)], third trimester [RR 1.34 (95% CI: 1.04-1.72)] and during both trimesters of pregnancy [RR 1.86 (95% CI: 1.16-2.96)]. Maternal pre-pregnancy alcohol use was not associated with an increased risk of harmful alcohol use in offspring [RR 1.15 (95% CI: 0.89-1.48)]. CONCLUSION Observed associations for maternal prenatal alcohol exposure but not maternal pre-pregnancy alcohol use suggests a biological mechanism for intrauterine alcohol exposure on the risk of harmful alcohol use in the offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bereket Duko
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Gavin Pereira
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Northern Entrance, Perth Children's Hospital, 15 Hospital Ave, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; Centre for Fertility and Health (CeFH), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kim Betts
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Robert J Tait
- National Drug Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, 7 Parker Place Building 609, Level 2 Technology Park, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - John Newnham
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Ave, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Rosa Alati
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; Institute for Social Sciences Research, The University of Queensland, 80 Meier's Rd, Indooroopilly, Queensland 4068 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
|
19
|
Barati M, Jormand H, Bashirian S, Doosti-Irani A, Rezapur-Shahkolai F. The Role of Media on the Intention of Adolescents Smoking: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND COMMUNITY HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.29252/jech.7.4.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
|
|
20
|
Adhia A, Bair-Merritt M, Broder-Fingert S, Nunez Pepen RA, Suarez-Rocha AC, Rothman EF. The Critical Lack of Data on Alcohol and Marijuana Use by Adolescents on the Autism Spectrum. AUTISM IN ADULTHOOD 2020; 2:282-288. [PMID: 36600961 PMCID: PMC8992854 DOI: 10.1089/aut.2019.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol is the most commonly used substance among adolescents, and marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug. Emerging evidence suggests that at least some autistic individuals may be at increased risk of substance use disorder compared with allistic counterparts, potentially to control social anxiety or facilitate social interaction. However, to the best of our knowledge, U.S. population-based estimates of substance use by autistic youth are limited. The aim of this perspective article was to highlight the lack of data sets that collect information about alcohol and marijuana use by autistic youth in the United States. We used a four-step investigation to identify potential data sources that could provide an estimate of the prevalence of alcohol and/or marijuana use in autistic youth, without regard to whether those estimates would be robust. We identified a total of 19 potential U.S. data sources. Of these, only one included information about both autism and alcohol and/or marijuana by youth. There is too little research on substance use by autistic adolescents, and rigorously collected data would benefit the field. Our recommendations include increased federal funding for data collection from autistic youth on substance use, additional questions on nationally representative surveys that assess autism status in multiple ways, and the use of robust measures of substance use that allow for characterization of substance use according to multiple dimensions. As the number of autistic youth identified increases and these youth transition into adulthood, better understanding of their substance use patterns is critical for developing health promotion efforts that appropriately and fully serve the needs of autistic youth. Lay summary Why is this topic important?: Alcohol is the most commonly used substance among adolescents, and marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug. Previous studies suggest that at least some autistic individuals may be at increased risk of substance use disorder compared with allistic counterparts, potentially to control social anxiety or facilitate social interaction. However, to the best of our knowledge, estimates of substance use by autistic youth in the United States are limited.What is the purpose of this article?: This study was performed to highlight the lack of data sets that collect information about alcohol and/or marijuana use by autistic youth in the United States. We systematically reviewed U.S. data sources on child and/or adolescent health, disability, and/or substance use to identify sources that could generate estimates of the prevalence of substance use among autistic adolescents in the United States, even if those estimates may not be stable due to small sample sizes or other methodological weaknesses.What is the perspective of the authors?: The authors are a team of allistic researchers. M.B.-M. and S.B.-F. are pediatricians. E.F.R. and A.A. are public health researchers. S.B.-F. has an extensive background in providing clinical health care services to children with autism and is an autism researcher. R.A.N.P. and A.C.S.-R. are master's level public health research assistants. E.F.R., A.A., and M.B.-M. are adolescent health research experts. E.F.R. has an adolescent daughter on the autism spectrum. Our collective positionality is that we identify as people who are not autistic and who select to focus on research that we hope will benefit autistic people and society in general.What did the authors find?: Based on our four-step investigation, we identified 19 U.S. data sources that had the potential to generate estimates of the prevalence of alcohol and/or marijuana use in autistic youth. Only one included information about both autism and substance use.What do the authors recommend?: The National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) and National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA), specifically, should prioritize funding data collection from autistic youth and adults on alcohol and marijuana use, misuse, hazardous use, dependence, and use disorders. In addition, it is critical that nationally representative surveys and data sources include robust questions on autism and substance abuse. This includes assessing autism status in multiple ways (e.g., self-report, diagnosis by a clinician, neuropsychology reports). Substance use questions should include age of first drink or use, frequency of use, quantity of use per day or within a certain number of hours, expectancies, consequences of use, and indicators of alcohol use disorder.How will these recommendations help autistic individuals?: These findings highlight a critical gap in the literature on substance use among autistic youth. Substance use is recognized as a pressing adolescent health problem, and autistic youth deserve evidence-based substance use prevention strategies. Without an estimate of substance use by autistic youth, it is difficult to justify to funding entities the expenditure of resources on the development of evidence-based substance use prevention strategies to benefit them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avanti Adhia
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Address correspondence to: Avanti Adhia, ScD, Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Avenue, P.O. Box 359960, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Megan Bair-Merritt
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Rocio A. Nunez Pepen
- Department of Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Annieliesa C. Suarez-Rocha
- Department of Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily F. Rothman
- Department of Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
|
21
|
Kim EM, Kim H, Park E. How are depression and suicidal ideation associated with multiple health risk behaviours among adolescents? A secondary data analysis using the 2016 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2020; 27:595-606. [PMID: 31999868 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Adolescents who partake in one health risk behaviour (HRB) easily adopt other HRBs, simultaneously or subsequently. Multiple HRBs might threaten adolescents' future health in adulthood. Adolescents with psychological problems have higher rates of smoking, alcohol use, early sexual initiation and activity, and illicit substance use compared with others. WHAT DOES THIS PAPER ADD TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: A considerable number of Korean adolescents with mental health problems were engaged in multiple HRBs. For those with mental health problems, more than half of the Korean adolescents with multiple HRBs tended to use alcohol and cigarettes concurrently. Korean adolescents who felt depressed and had suicidal ideation were more likely to engage in a greater number of HRBs. Substance abuse is the most prevalent problem that is combined with other HRBs among those with depression and suicidal ideation compared to those who exhibited other HRBs. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: When mental health nurses working in schools and community centres for mental health identify Korean adolescents with significant depression and suicide ideation levels, they should also assess adolescents' engagement in multiple HRBs. Population-based campaigns and policy changes that emphasize both psychological health and risky behaviour reduction among adolescents should be provided simultaneously to students and school nurses. ABSTRACT: Introduction There is limited understanding about whether poor mental health is associated with certain combinations of multiple health risk behaviours (HRBs) such as smoking, drinking, early sexual activity and substance abuse. Aim To determine the prevalence of multiple HRBs and to identify associations between poor mental health and multiple HRBs as the number of HRBs increases. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted using the 2016 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (N = 65,528). Descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted using the complex sample data. Results Overall, 28.6% and 13.9% of Korean adolescents were involved in one or multiple HRBs, respectively. Adolescents who were depressed (OR = 1.43-4.47, 95% CI = 1.37-1.49 to 3.23-6.20) and/or who had suicidal ideation (OR = 1.33-3.19, 95% CI = 1.25-1.42 to 2.25-4.51) were more likely to engage in multiple HRBs. Discussion A considerable numbers of Korean adolescents are engaged in multiple HRBs. When adolescents self-reported depression and suicidal ideation, they were more likely to engage in a greater number of HRBs than single HRB. Implications for practice Tailored interventions to decrease multiple HRBs should be designed and provided by considering adolescents' mental health status and needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Mi Kim
- Department of Nursing, Sunlin University, Pohang-si, Korea
| | - Heejung Kim
- College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunhee Park
- School of Nursing, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
|
22
|
Han W, Chen BB. An evolutionary life history approach to understanding mental health. Gen Psychiatr 2020; 33:e100113. [PMID: 33089066 PMCID: PMC7534052 DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2019-100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, evolutionary life history theory has been used as a heuristic framework to understand mental health. This article reviews the life history theory and its integration with mental disorders and then introduces representative research methods and related empirical studies in the field of evolutionary psychopathology. In the end, this article concludes with future directions for further research examining and developing the evolutionary psychopathological framework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Han
- Department of Psychology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin-Bin Chen
- Department of Psychology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
23
|
Abstract
There has been no study in the literature evaluating autistic traits (ATs) in men with substance use disorders (SUDs). Therefore, we performed the current study to evaluate whether there is a relation between the ATs among men with SUDs and normal controls. A total of 142 men with SUDs and 109 age and sex-matched healthy controls were included in the current study. Present attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms of the participants were evaluated using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale. The autism spectrum quotient (AQ) was used to evaluate ATs. The current study found that higher AQ imagination and lower AQ attention to detail scores predicted SUDs after controlling for AQ subscales and present ADHD symptoms. This study shows that ATs may be engaged in the development of SUDs. To explore the connection between ATs and SUDs, more research is needed.
Collapse
|
|
24
|
Al-Gburi K, Al-Murshedi R, Abd Alridha AM, Baiee H. A cross-sectional study of epidemiological factors associated with drug use among secondary school students. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2020.1736664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hasan Baiee
- College of Medicine of Hamorabi, University of Babylon, Babel, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
|
25
|
Simões VMF, Batista RFL, Alves MTSSDBE, Ribeiro CCC, Thomaz EBAF, Carvalho CAD, Silva AAMD. Saúde dos adolescentes da coorte de nascimentos de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil, 1997/1998. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2020; 36:e00164519. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00164519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo: O objetivo foi estimar a prevalência de indicadores de saúde de adolescentes em São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil, em 2016. Foram estudadas condições sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida, composição corporal, qualidade do sono, atividade física, habilidade cognitiva e risco de suicídio de 2.515 adolescentes com 18 e 19 anos. Os adolescentes pertencem à coorte de nascimento 1997/1998 ou foram incluídos, retrospectivamente, utilizando-se o banco do SINASC (Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos). Os adolescentes eram, principalmente, da classe econômica C (50,1%), 69,5% estudavam, 40,3% trabalhavam e 25,2% não estudavam nem trabalhavam; 60,3% já foram vítimas de assalto e 48,7% tinham pais separados. Apresentaram padrão de consumo nocivo, excessivo ou provável dependência de álcool 19,4%, 19,1% usaram ou estavam usando drogas ilícitas, 53,7% tinham qualidade de sono ruim, 40,8% referiram dor de cabeça frequente, 34,3% declararam tempo de tela por dia maior que cinco horas e 4,1% apresentaram alto risco para suicídio. A prevalência de hipertensão arterial foi de 12% e de obesidade, 6%. As meninas eram mais inativas (80,7%) e apresentaram maior percentual de gordura corporal alto (15,8%) e muito alto (21,5%), já os meninos tiveram maior prevalência de hipertensão arterial (21,2%) e menor prevalência de inatividade física (40,9%). As elevadas prevalências de fatores de risco à saúde aumentam a vulnerabilidade dos adolescentes, expondo estes indivíduos precocemente a fatores que levam ao acometimento cada vez mais cedo de doenças e agravos à saúde.
Collapse
|
|
26
|
The Use of Psychoactive Substances in a Conflict Area in the West Bank: Drug Use Risk Factors and Practices in Palestinian Refugee Camps. Int J Ment Health Addict 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-019-00183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
|
|
27
|
Bos DJ, Silver BM, Barnes ED, Ajodan EL, Silverman MR, Clark-Whitney E, Tarpey T, Jones RM. Adolescent-Specific Motivation Deficits in Autism Versus Typical Development. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 50:364-372. [PMID: 31625010 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04258-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Differences in motivation during adolescence relative to childhood and adulthood in autism was tested in a cross-sectional study. 156 Typically developing individuals and 79 individuals with autism ages 10-30 years of age completed a go/nogo task with social and non-social cues. To assess age effects, linear and quadratic models were used. Consistent with prior studies, typically developing adolescents and young adults demonstrated more false alarms for positive relative to neutral social cues. In autism, there were no changes in attention across age for social or non-social cues. Findings suggest reduced orienting to motivating cues during late adolescence and early adulthood in autism. The findings provide a unique perspective to explain the challenges for adolescents with autism transitioning to adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dienke J Bos
- The Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Benjamin M Silver
- The Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- The Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Emily D Barnes
- The Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- The Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Eliana L Ajodan
- The Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- The Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Melanie R Silverman
- The Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- The Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Elysha Clark-Whitney
- The Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- The Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Thaddeus Tarpey
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Rebecca M Jones
- The Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- The Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
|
28
|
Shayo FK. Co-occurrence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among in-school adolescents in Tanzania: an example of a low-income setting of sub-Saharan Africa for adolescence health policy actions. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:972. [PMID: 31331303 PMCID: PMC6647087 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7320-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood lifestyle, health-risk behaviours contribute to two-thirds of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) premature mortality in adult populations. The co-occurrence of risk factors for NCDs is more harmful to health than that of individual risk factor effects when are added independently. The main objective of the present study was to explore the prevalence, sociodemographic distribution, and the co-occurrence of risk factors for NCDs among in-school adolescents. METHODS The present study is based on the secondary analysis of the first nationwide representative sample of the 2014 Tanzania Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS). A total sample of 3,793 in-school adolescents was included in the present analysis. The dependent variables were as follows: an unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use, excessive alcohol use, and suicide attempt. The analysis involved the Chi squire χ2 test, multinomial and multivariate regression models: to determine the association between the variables of interest. In all analyses, the set level of statistical significance was a p-value of less than 0.05 at 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS The most prevalent combination of risk factors for NCDs were as follows: unhealthy diet and physical inactivity 666 (17.6%); unhealthy diet and suicide attempt 151 (4.0); unhealthy diet and tobacco use 98 (2.8); and unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and suicide attempt 81 (2.1). In the adjusted regression model; having three 0.60 [0.40-0.91], and a sum of four and five 0.46 [0.28-0.79] risk factors than having no risk factor showed a significant declined with increasing in adolescents age. Primary in-school adolescents than secondary in-school adolescents were significantly more likely to have two 1.81 [1.42-2.32], three 2.40 [1.63-3.54]; and a sum of four and five 2.90 [1.61-5.13] combinations of risk factors. CONCLUSION The co-occurrence of lifestyle health-risk factors for NCDs was prevalent among in-school adolescents: it was significantly higher among younger adolescents. A multi-strategy public health intervention program may be more effective than that of a single risk factor approach: therefore, suitable for resource-limited settings, such as Tanzania.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Festo K Shayo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P. O Box 65000, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
- Department of Global Health Entrepreneurship, Division of Public Health, Graduate School of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
|
29
|
Monroy-Jaramillo N, Dyukova E, Walss-Bass C. Telomere length in psychiatric disorders: Is it more than an ageing marker? World J Biol Psychiatry 2019; 19:S2-S20. [PMID: 28000540 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1273550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Psychiatric and substance-use disorders have been associated with premature biological ageing. Telomere length (TL), considered an ageing marker, has been analysed in psychiatric disorders, and to a lesser extent in substance-use disorders, with recent findings suggesting TL may be related to disease pathology. METHODS We conducted a critical and non-systematic literature search of TL studies published up to June 2016 in psychiatric and substance-use disorders, focussing on studies describing mechanisms, including studies linking telomere biology with genetic factors, stress and mitochondrial alterations (104 studies selected). RESULTS Patients with major depressive disorder and anxiety appear to have shorter leukocyte telomeres compared to controls. Inconclusive results are found for other psychiatric disorders and for substance-use disorders. This may be due in part to differences in medication treatment and response, as studies suggest that some psychotropic medications may modulate TL. Importantly, some studies establish a relationship between telomere machinery, stress and mitochondria function in psychiatric and substance-use disorders. CONCLUSIONS While further longitudinal studies considering telomere genetics are needed to clarify the cause-effect link between telomeres and mitochondria function in psychiatric and substance-use disorders, the recent findings linking these biological processes suggest that telomeres may be more than ageing markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Monroy-Jaramillo
- a Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) , Houston , TX , USA.,b Department of Genetics , National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suarez , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Elena Dyukova
- a Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Consuelo Walss-Bass
- a Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) , Houston , TX , USA
| |
Collapse
|
|
30
|
Heradstveit O, Skogen JC, Hetland J, Stewart R, Hysing M. Psychiatric Diagnoses Differ Considerably in Their Associations With Alcohol/Drug-Related Problems Among Adolescents. A Norwegian Population-Based Survey Linked With National Patient Registry Data. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1003. [PMID: 31133937 PMCID: PMC6517475 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine alcohol/drug use and problems across psychiatric diagnoses and to what extent associations between each psychiatric diagnosis and alcohol/drug use and problems were independent from the potential confounding effects of psychiatric comorbidity, socioeconomic status, sex and age. We used a dataset comprising a linkage between a large population-based and cross-sectional study among Norwegian adolescents (the youth@hordaland conducted in 2012) and national registry-based data on specialist mental health care use during the 4 years prior to the survey (2008 to 2011). The study sample included 16 to 19 year olds who participated in the youth@hordaland survey and consented to the linkage with patient registry data (n = 9,408). Among these, 853 (9%) had received specialist mental health care and comprised the clinical group, while the rest (n = 8,555) comprised the comparison group. The main outcome variables were several self-reported indicators for alcohol/drug use, including any alcohol use, frequent alcohol intoxication, high-level alcohol consumption, and lifetime illicit drug use, as well as one indicator for potential alcohol/drug-related problems: a positive CRAFFT-score. Adolescents receiving specialist mental health care (n = 853) reported more frequently alcohol/drug use and problems compared to adolescents not receiving these services (Cohens d's ranging from 0.09 to 0.29, all p ≤ 0.01). Anxiety, depression, conduct disorders, eating disorders, ADHD, and trauma-related disorders were all associated with single measures of alcohol/drug use and problems, with odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 1.58 to 4.63, all p < 0.05) in unadjusted models. Trauma-related disorders, depression and conduct disorders were also positively associated with higher scores on a combined indicator of alcohol/drug use and problems (ORs ranging from 1.89 to 3.15, all p < 0.01), even after the full adjustment from psychiatric comorbidity and sociodemographic variables (adjusted odds ratios ranging from 1.61 to 2.79, p < 0.05). These results suggest that alcohol/drug use and problems were slightly more common among adolescents who received specialist mental health care during the past 4 years compared with the general adolescent population, and adolescents with trauma-related disorders, depression and conduct disorders were high-risk groups for alcohol/drug use and problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ove Heradstveit
- Center for Alcohol and Drug Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jens Christoffer Skogen
- Center for Alcohol and Drug Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jørn Hetland
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Robert Stewart
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mari Hysing
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
|
31
|
Stuhec M, Gorenc K, Zelko E. Evaluation of a collaborative care approach between general practitioners and clinical pharmacists in primary care community settings in elderly patients on polypharmacy in Slovenia: a cohort retrospective study reveals positive evidence for implementation. BMC Health Serv Res 2019; 19:118. [PMID: 30760276 PMCID: PMC6375190 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-019-3942-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The population of developed countries is aging, leading to an increase in the use of medication in daily practice, which can lead to serious treatment costs and irrational polypharmacy. A collaborative care approach, such as providing medication review service provided by a clinical pharmacist (CP), is a possible way to reduce drug-related problems and irrational polypharmacy. The aim of this study was to determinate whether a CP's medication review service can improve the quality of drug prescribing in elderly patients treated with polypharmacy in primary care. METHODS In a retrospective observational medical chart review study, patients aged 65 years or more in the period 2012-2014 who received 10 or more medications concomitantly and who were screened by a CP were included. Data on pharmacotherapy and CPs' interventions were obtained from the patients' medical records (non-electronic chart review). Potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs) were determined with Lexicomp Online™ 3.0.2. Only potential X-type DDIs (pXDDIs) were included. Potentially inappropriate medications in the elderly (PIMs) were identified using the PRICUS list. RESULTS Ninety-one patients were included. The CPs suggested 625 interventions, of which 304 (48.6%) were accepted by the general practitioners (GPs). After adopting the CPs' interventions, the number of total medications decreased by 11.2% (p < 0.05) and the number of pXDDIs decreased by 42% (p < 0.05). The number of clinically important pXDDIs decreased by 50% (3 cases). The number of prescribed PIMs decreased by 20% (p = 0.069). The acceptance of CP's recommendations reduced the number of pXDDIs (p < 0.05) and improved the adherence to heart failure treatment guidelines. CONCLUSIONS A collaborative care approach offering a CP medication review service significantly improved the quality of pharmacotherapy by reducing the total number of medications and pXDDIs. The results support the implementation of this service in the Slovenian healthcare system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matej Stuhec
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Ormoz Psychiatric Hospital, Ptujska cesta 33, SI-2270 Ormoz, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of medicine Maribor, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Katja Gorenc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Erika Zelko
- Faculty of medicine Maribor, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
|
32
|
Qadeer RA, Wong FC, MacKillop J, Ferro MA. A Comparative Study of Substance Use in Young Adolescents With and Without Chronic Health Conditions. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2018.1512026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
|
33
|
Nowak M, Papiernik M, Mikulska A, Czarkowska-Paczek B. Smoking, alcohol consumption, and illicit substances use among adolescents in Poland. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY 2018; 13:42. [PMID: 30497492 PMCID: PMC6267883 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-018-0179-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background The use of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit substances typically first occurs in adolescence. The purpose of this study was to examine alcohol, cigarette, and illicit substance use among adolescents in Poland, including the age of initiation, frequency of use, methods of access, location of use, and parental knowledge and attitude. Methods An author-derived questionnaire was used to cross-sectionally survey 541 participants aged 13–17 years old. Due to the fact that some answers were lacking, the number of questionnaires analysed was 538 in case of smoking and illicit substances use, and 535 in case of alcohol drinking. Results The use of alcohol, cigarette, and illicit substance among the investigated group was 36.1, 37.6, and 10.8% respectively. The average age of initiation was 13–14 years old. Parents were aware of alcohol, cigarette, and illicit substance use 49.5, 35.8 and 22.4% of the time, respectively, and the rate of acceptance was 5.7 and 6.7% for alcohol and cigarettes. More than 28% of participants smoked in school, and 32.7% accessed illicit substances in the school’s neighborhood. Conclusions The rate of alcohol, cigarette, and illicit substance use in Poland is high and increasing, despite globally designed preventative actions. Parents’ awareness of children’s alcohol, cigarette, or illicit substance use is low, and schools hardly fulfil their educational and protective role. Preventative actions are necessary, and local challenges should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nowak
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Medical University of Warsaw, E. Ciolka Street 27, 01-445, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Papiernik
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Medical University of Warsaw, E. Ciolka Street 27, 01-445, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Mikulska
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Medical University of Warsaw, E. Ciolka Street 27, 01-445, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bozena Czarkowska-Paczek
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Medical University of Warsaw, E. Ciolka Street 27, 01-445, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
|
34
|
Okkenhaug A, Tanem T, Myklebust TÅ, Gjervan B, Johansen A. Self-reported premorbid health in 15 individuals who later developed schizophrenia compared with healthy controls: Prospective data from the Young-HUNT1 Survey (The HUNT Study). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.15714/scandpsychol.5.e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
|
35
|
Ferreira VR, Jardim TV, Sousa ALL, Rosa BMC, Jardim PCV. Smoking, alcohol consumption and mental health: Data from the Brazilian study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA). Addict Behav Rep 2018; 9:100147. [PMID: 31193769 PMCID: PMC6542299 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2018.100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous researches have indicated a strong association of alcohol and tobacco use with psychiatric disorders, but the relationship with depression and anxiety symptoms is still uncertain. We investigated the association of psychological distress and alcohol consumption, tobacco use and exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) among adolescents in a developing country. Methods The authors evaluated 73,399 individuals (12–17 years) who participated in the Cardiovascular Risks Study in Adolescents (ERICA), a cross-sectional, national and school-based study, carried out in 124 Brazilian municipalities. The variables considered were alcoholic beverages (experimentation, consumption in the previous month and frequency of use) and smoking (experimentation, current smoking habits, frequent smoking and SHS exposure). Psychological distress was defined as a score ≥ 3 points in GHQ-12. Analyses included multiple logistic regression modeling. Results The frequency of individuals with psychological distress was higher in the group who smoked for at least 7 consecutive days (53.3% vs 31.2%; OR: 2.17; 95%CI: 1.65–2.86), were exposed to SHS indoors (37.8% vs 29.8%; OR:1.30; 95%CI: 1.14–1.48), and outdoors (37.7% vs 26.6%; OR: 1.49; 95%CI: 1.28–1.74), and among young people who consumed at least 1 drink of alcohol in the previous 30 days (42.4% vs 28.6%; OR: 1.70; 95%CI: 1.46–1.97), when compared to adolescents not exposed. Conclusions Smoking (passively and actively) and the consumption of alcoholic beverages are associated to psychological distress in the adolescent population. Avoiding smoking and the use of alcohol may have beneficial effects on the mental health. Our data reinforce the urgent necessity to prevent effectively underage access to legal drugs in Brazil.
The chance of psychological distress was 70% higher in the group of adolescents who consumed alcohol in the last month. Prevalence of psychological distress was twice as high among adolescents who smoked for seven consecutive days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Roriz Ferreira
- Hypertension League - School of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Thiago Veiga Jardim
- Hypertension League - School of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.,Brigham & Women's Hospital - Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, Center for Health Decision Science, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana Luiza Lima Sousa
- Hypertension League - School of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
36
|
Tolchard B, Stuhlmiller C. Chronic health and lifestyle problems for people diagnosed with autism in a student-led clinic. ADVANCES IN AUTISM 2018. [DOI: 10.1108/aia-01-2018-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at greater risk of developing chronic health and risky lifestyle problems. This is exaggerated further for people living in rural settings and from cultural backgrounds traditionally underserved by healthcare services. The purpose of this paper is to describe an evaluation of health and behavioural lifestyle outcomes of people diagnosed with ASD in a student-led clinic in rural/regional Australia.
Design/methodology/approach
Routine clinical outcomes and lifestyle measures were routinely collected at a primary acre student-led Clinic in rural/regional Australia. Participants were all attending the clinic who provided consent for their routine date to be reported. Participants ranged in age from new born to 100 years and were representative of the local community.
Findings
The results indicate there is an increased risk for people with ASD developing chronic conditions compared to those without a diagnosis. This also resulted in higher body mass index and blood sugar levels linked to diabetes and hypertension. Mental health problems were common in people diagnosed with ASD especially anxiety disorders. Smoking was problematic for people with ASD but mainly in non-Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. Alcohol use was not an increase risk in ASD.
Originality/value
Little is reported on the health and lifestyle experiences of people with ASD in rural/regional settings, especially from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. This paper gives an initial insight to the presentation of chronic conditions and harmful lifestyle choices. Possible insights into adapting or modifying care for people with ASD in rural/regional Australia are given.
Collapse
|
|
37
|
Davignon MN, Qian Y, Massolo M, Croen LA. Psychiatric and Medical Conditions in Transition-Aged Individuals With ASD. Pediatrics 2018; 141:S335-S345. [PMID: 29610415 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-4300k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have a variety of medical and psychiatric conditions and an increased use of health care services. There is limited information about the prevalence of psychiatric and medical conditions in adolescents and young adults with ASD. Our objective was to describe the frequency of medical and psychiatric conditions in a large population of diverse, insured transition-aged individuals with ASD. METHODS Participants included Kaiser Permanente Northern California members who were enrolled from 2013 to 2015 and who were 14 to 25 years old. Individuals with ASD (n = 4123) were compared with peers with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (n = 20 615), diabetes mellitus (n = 2156), and typical controls with neither condition (n = 20 615). RESULTS Over one-third (34%) of individuals with ASD had a co-occurring psychiatric condition; the most commonly reported medical conditions included infections (42%), obesity (25%), neurologic conditions (18%), allergy and/or immunologic conditions (16%), musculoskeletal conditions (15%), and gastrointestinal (11%) conditions. After controlling for sex, age, race, and duration of Kaiser Permanente Northern California membership, most psychiatric conditions were significantly more common in the ASD group than in each comparison group, and most medical conditions were significantly more common in the ASD group than in the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and typical control groups but were similar to or significantly less common than the diabetes mellitus group. CONCLUSIONS Although more research is needed to identify factors contributing to this excess burden of disease, there is a pressing need for all clinicians to approach ASD as a chronic health condition requiring regular follow-up and routine screening and treatment of medical and psychiatric issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan N Davignon
- Department of Pediatrics, The Permanente Medical Group, Inc, Oakland, California; .,Kaiser Permanente Roseville Medical Center, Roseville, California; and
| | - Yinge Qian
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Maria Massolo
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Lisa A Croen
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| |
Collapse
|
|
38
|
Herz V, Franzin N, Huemer J, Mairhofer D, Philipp J, Skala K. Substance use and misuse among children and youth with mental illness : A pilot study. NEUROPSYCHIATRIE : KLINIK, DIAGNOSTIK, THERAPIE UND REHABILITATION : ORGAN DER GESELLSCHAFT OSTERREICHISCHER NERVENARZTE UND PSYCHIATER 2018; 32:18-25. [PMID: 28639209 PMCID: PMC5842275 DOI: 10.1007/s40211-017-0231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine prevalence, patterns and predictors of substance use among a sample of adolescent psychiatric inpatients. METHODS Participants included 25 minors aged 12-17 years admitted to an Austrian department of child and adolescent psychiatry. Lifetime use, initiation, frequency and quantity of substance use, sociodemographic, family and school-related data were collected by self-report measures. Substance use disorders were detected using CAGE (a screening instrument for problem drinking) and FTND (Fagerström Test For Nicotine Dependence). Clinical characteristics were extracted from medical records. RESULTS Lifetime prevalence of any substance use (76%) and regular use (32%) were common. Prevalence was high for alcohol (76%), nicotine (44%) and illicit drug use (36%). Older age was associated with tobacco (p = 0.023), drug (p = 0.021) and cannabis use (p = 0.015) and regular use of psychotropic substances (p = 0.027). Family dysfunction predicted regular (p = 0.035) and cannabis use (p = 0.02). History of trauma prognosticated regular (p = 0.047) and tobacco use (p = 0.011). Use of any substance (p < 0.001) as well as regular use (p = 0.026) were significantly associated with peer substance use. Consuming adolescents were more likely to show academic failure, school absenteeism and behavioral problems. Alcohol (p = 0.02), drug (p = 0.017) and regular substance use (p = 0.007) were linked to suicidal ideation. A remarkable relationship between affective as well as externalizing disorders and alcohol, nicotine and drug use was found. CONCLUSIONS Substance use is highly prevalent among youth with mental illnesses and associated with psychosocial consequences. These data highlight the need to carefully explore this population at high risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Herz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - N Franzin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Huemer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Mairhofer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Philipp
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - K Skala
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
|
39
|
Adapting, Pilot Testing and Evaluating the Kick.it App to Support Smoking Cessation for Smokers with Severe Mental Illness: A Study Protocol. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15020254. [PMID: 30720772 PMCID: PMC5858323 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: While the prevalence of tobacco smoking in the general population has declined, it remains exceptionally high for smokers with severe mental illness (SMI), despite significant public health measures. This project aims to adapt, pilot test and evaluate a novel e-health smoking cessation intervention to assist relapse prevention and encourage sustained smoking cessation for young adults (aged 18⁻29 years) with SMI. (2) Methods: Using co-design principles, the researchers will adapt the Kick.it smartphone App in collaboration with a small sample of current and ex-smokers with SMI. In-depth interviews with smokers with SMI who have attempted to quit in the past 12 months and ex-smokers (i.e., those having not smoked in the past seven days) will explore their perceptions of smoking cessation support options that have been of value to them. Focus group participants will then give their feedback on the existing Kick.it App and any adaptations needed. The adapted App will then be pilot-tested with a small sample of young adult smokers with SMI interested in attempting to cut down or quit smoking, measuring utility, feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary outcomes in supporting their quit efforts. (3) Conclusions: This pilot work will inform a larger definitive trial. Dependent on recruitment success, the project may extend to also include smokers with SMI who are aged 30 years or more.
Collapse
|
|
40
|
Esmaeelzadeh S, Moraros J, Thorpe L, Bird Y. The association between depression, anxiety and substance use among Canadian post-secondary students. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:3241-3251. [PMID: 30538482 PMCID: PMC6260190 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s187419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to examine the association between depression, anxiety and substance use among Canadian post-secondary students. METHODS This study used data from the spring 2016, American College Health Association - National College Health Assessment II (ACHA-NCHA II) survey. It includes 43,780 college students from 41 Canadian post-secondary institutions. The exposure variables of interest were alcohol, cannabis and tobacco use, and the outcome variables of interest were diagnosis or treatment for depression and/or anxiety. Descriptive statistics, univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze our data. RESULTS Our study found that 14.7% of post-secondary students were diagnosed or treated for depression and 18.4% for anxiety within the past 12 months. Among current (past 30 days) substance use, it was reported that alcohol (69.3%), cannabis (17.9%) and tobacco (11%) were the most common. There was a significant association between depression and current tobacco use (OR =1.36, 95% CI: 1.22-1.52, P<0.001) and current cannabis use (OR =1.17, 95% CI: 1.05-1.31, P<0.001). There was also a gender-specific association between anxiety and female alcohol users (OR =1.41, 95% CI: 1.24-1.62, P<0.001). CONCLUSION The results of this study found significant associations between depression, tobacco use and cannabis use, and anxiety and alcohol use among post-secondary students. These conditions should be screened concurrently for improved outcomes among this vulnerable population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - John Moraros
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada,
| | - Lilian Thorpe
- Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Yelena Bird
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada,
| |
Collapse
|
|
41
|
Pettigrew S, Jongenelis M, Lawrence D, Rikkers W. Common and differential factors associated with abstinence and poly drug use among Australian adolescents. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2017; 50:41-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
|
42
|
Abreu-Villaça Y, Manhães AC, Krahe TE, Filgueiras CC, Ribeiro-Carvalho A. Tobacco and alcohol use during adolescence: Interactive mechanisms in animal models. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 144:1-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.06.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
|
43
|
Butwicka A, Långström N, Larsson H, Lundström S, Serlachius E, Almqvist C, Frisén L, Lichtenstein P. Increased Risk for Substance Use-Related Problems in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Population-Based Cohort Study. J Autism Dev Disord 2017; 47:80-89. [PMID: 27734228 PMCID: PMC5222913 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-016-2914-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite limited and ambiguous empirical data, substance use-related problems have been assumed to be rare among patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Using Swedish population-based registers we identified 26,986 individuals diagnosed with ASD during 1973–2009, and their 96,557 non-ASD relatives. ASD, without diagnosed comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or intellectual disability, was related to a doubled risk of substance use-related problems. The risk of substance use-related problems was the highest among individuals with ASD and ADHD. Further, risks of substance use-related problems were increased among full siblings of ASD probands, half-siblings and parents. We conclude that ASD is a risk factor for substance use-related problems. The elevated risks among relatives of probands with ASD suggest shared familial (genetic and/or shared environmental) liability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Butwicka
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MEB, Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Child Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Niklas Långström
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MEB, Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MEB, Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Lundström
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Serlachius
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catarina Almqvist
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MEB, Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Lung and Allergy Unit, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Louise Frisén
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MEB, Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
|
44
|
Greger HK, Myhre AK, Klöckner CA, Jozefiak T. Childhood maltreatment, psychopathology and well-being: The mediator role of global self-esteem, attachment difficulties and substance use. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2017; 70:122-133. [PMID: 28609692 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment is known to be associated with a broad variety of psychopathology and deteriorated well-being in adolescent populations. In the present nationwide study, we aimed to explore global self-esteem, attachment difficulties and substance use as possible mediators of these associations in a high-risk adolescent population. We included 400 adolescents (aged 12-20 years) living in residential youth care in Norway (response rate 67%). The participants completed a semistructured psychiatric interview (Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (CAPA)), a study-specific questionnaire, a revised version of the Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents (SPPA) and the Questionnaire for Measuring Health-related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents (KINDL-R). Information was also provided by the adolescent's primary contact at the institution. Two models were tested using structural equation modelling; one assessed the association between childhood maltreatment and psychopathology, and one assessed the association between childhood maltreatment and well-being. Childhood maltreatment, psychopathology, well-being, global self-esteem and attachment difficulties were treated as latent variables, and substance use was added as an observed variable. The results of this study showed that global self-esteem was a mediator of paths in both models, whereas attachment difficulties and substance use were not. Preventing decline in health and well-being in high-risk adolescents is a main goal, and this study suggests that improving self-esteem, in addition to providing psychiatric health services, could be an important tool for achieving this goal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanne K Greger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, St. Olavs Hospital, Pb 6810 Elgeseter, 7433 Trondheim, Norway; Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Faculty of Medicine, RKBU Central Norway, Pb 8905 MTFS, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Arne K Myhre
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Pb 8905 MTFS, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; Children's Clinic, St.Olavs Hospital, Pb 3250 Sluppen, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Christian A Klöckner
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Thomas Jozefiak
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, St. Olavs Hospital, Pb 6810 Elgeseter, 7433 Trondheim, Norway; Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Faculty of Medicine, RKBU Central Norway, Pb 8905 MTFS, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
|
45
|
Atherogenic Indices Are Increased in Elderly Patients with Unipolar Depression—Case–Control Analysis. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2017; 15:291-295. [DOI: 10.1089/met.2017.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
|
|
46
|
Castro-Calvo J, Ballester-Arnal R, Gil-Llario MD, Giménez-García C. Common etiological pathways between toxic substance use, Internet and cybersex addiction: The role of expectancies and antisocial deviance proneness. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
|
47
|
Schapir L, Lahav T, Zalsman G, Krivoy A, Sever J, Weizman A, Shoval G. Cigarette Smoking, Alcohol and Cannabis Use in Patients With Pervasive Developmental Disorders. Subst Use Misuse 2016; 51:1415-20. [PMID: 27248185 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2016.1170146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the rates of cigarette smoking, alcohol and cannabis use among patients with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD), in order to determine whether they are relatively protected from developing substance-related addictive behaviors. METHODS This case-control study included 85 patients diagnosed with PDD and 85 age- and gender-matched nonpsychotic psychiatric patients without PDD. Data were collected from the patients' electronic medical records and included demographic and psychiatric parameters, as well as data on smoking, alcohol, and cannabis use. RESULTS A lower rate of cigarette smoking was found among patients diagnosed with PDD in comparison to those without PDD [20.0% vs. 52.9% respectively, p < .001). The likelihood of smoking in PDD was found to be 3.57-fold lower than in psychiatric controls [OR = 3.57 (95% CI 1.69-7.14), p = .001]. A multivariate analysis showed that after adjusting for age, comorbid diagnoses and use of an antipsychotic medications, this effect was even more robust with the likelihood of smoking in PDD decreasing even more substantially compared to controls [OR = 8.33 (95% CI 2.86-25), p < .001]. A similar finding was noted when comparing the prevalence of alcohol and cannabis use between the two groups [OR 6.67 (95%CI 1.30-33.33), p = .02 and 5.55 (95%CI 1.30-25), p = .01, respectively]. CONCLUSIONS PDD is associated with 5-8-fold lower adjusted risk of smoking, alcohol and cannabis use compared to other non-psychotic psychiatric patients. Further research should elucidate the neurobiological and psychosocial mechanisms underlying the apparent addiction protective properties of PDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lior Schapir
- a Child and Adolescent Division , Geha Mental Health Center , Petah Tikva , Israel.,b Sackler Faculty of Medicine , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Tal Lahav
- b Sackler Faculty of Medicine , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Gil Zalsman
- a Child and Adolescent Division , Geha Mental Health Center , Petah Tikva , Israel.,b Sackler Faculty of Medicine , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.,c Department B , Geha Mental Health Center , Petah Tikva , Israel.,d Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology , Columbia University , New York , NY , USA.,e Felsenstein Medical Research Center , Tel Aviv University , Petah Tikva , Israel
| | - Amir Krivoy
- b Sackler Faculty of Medicine , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.,c Department B , Geha Mental Health Center , Petah Tikva , Israel.,e Felsenstein Medical Research Center , Tel Aviv University , Petah Tikva , Israel
| | - Jonathan Sever
- a Child and Adolescent Division , Geha Mental Health Center , Petah Tikva , Israel.,b Sackler Faculty of Medicine , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Abraham Weizman
- b Sackler Faculty of Medicine , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.,c Department B , Geha Mental Health Center , Petah Tikva , Israel.,e Felsenstein Medical Research Center , Tel Aviv University , Petah Tikva , Israel
| | - Gal Shoval
- a Child and Adolescent Division , Geha Mental Health Center , Petah Tikva , Israel.,b Sackler Faculty of Medicine , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| |
Collapse
|
|
48
|
Park S, Kim Y. Prevalence, correlates, and associated psychological problems of substance use in Korean adolescents. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:79. [PMID: 26818029 PMCID: PMC4728773 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-2731-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Substance use among Korean adolescents has been increasing, but little is known about the correlates of substance use in this population. Identification of the correlates is required for development of preventive approaches that aim to reduce or eliminate risk. Therefore, we examined the prevalence and correlates of substance use including psychological problems in a nationwide sample of Korean adolescents. Methods Data from the 2014 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey, collected from 72,060 adolescents aged 12–18 years (mean age 14.94 ± 1.75 years), were analyzed. Participants’ lifetime experiences with substances (alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs) were assessed. Participants’ perceived stress, depressive mood, and suicidality during the previous 12 months were also investigated. Results The lifetime prevalence estimates of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use were 43.0, 19.9, and 0.4 % of the participants, respectively. The most commonly used illicit drugs were inhalants. Older age, male gender, non-residence with family, low parental educational level and socio-economic status, and low academic achievement were positively and significantly associated with substance use. Substance (alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug) use was positively and significantly associated with severe stress, depressive mood, and suicidality during the previous 12 months, with the highest odds ratios obtained from illicit drug use. Conclusions These results indicate that the use of substances (alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs) among Korean adolescents is associated with socially disadvantaged families, psychological problems, and risky behavior. Health education including dependency prevention programs is needed for these high-risk groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subin Park
- Department of Mental Health Research, Seoul National Hospital, 398, Neungdong-ro, Gwangin-gu, Seoul, 143-711, South Korea.
| | - Yeni Kim
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Seoul National Hospital, 398, Neungdong-ro, Gwangin-gu, Seoul, 143-711, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
|
49
|
Antibiotic Prescribing in Psychiatric Hospitals and Interactions between Antibiotics and Psychotropic Drugs: A Prospective Observational Study. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015; 37:233-5. [PMID: 26514063 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2015.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
|
50
|
Gomez J, Becker S, O'Brien K, Spirito A. Interactive Effect of Child Maltreatment and Substance Use on Depressed Mood Among Adolescents Presenting to Community-Based Substance Use Treatment. Community Ment Health J 2015; 51:833-40. [PMID: 26017474 PMCID: PMC4565743 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-015-9894-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents referred to community behavioral health centers (CBHC) for substance use (SU) problems report high rates of child maltreatment. Although SU and maltreatment are independent risk factors for adolescent depression, few studies have examined their interactive effects. This study examined the interactive effects of SU (alcohol and marijuana) and exposure to different types of trauma on depressed mood among 74 adolescents referred to a CBHC for SU. Hierarchical regressions controlling for sex and common adolescent comorbidities showed that sexual abuse had a stronger relationship with depressed mood than other types of maltreatment. Although SU was not independently related to depressed mood, consistent with the self-medication hypothesis, increased SU was associated with lower levels of depressed mood among adolescents with greater exposure to sexual abuse. Results suggest that teens presenting to CBHCs for SU should be assessed for multiple forms of maltreatment and for depressed mood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judelysse Gomez
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Box G-BH, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
| | - Sara Becker
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Box G-BH, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Kimberly O'Brien
- Simmons School of Social Work, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 The Fenway, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Anthony Spirito
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Box G-BH, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| |
Collapse
|