• acute unilateral vestibulopathy
• amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation
• fMRI
• functional connectivity
• vestibular neuritis

• Sudden deafness
• basilar artery occlusion
• case report
• cerebral infarction
• early diagnosis
• primary symptom
• stenosis

• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Hearing Loss, Sudden/diagnosis
• Hearing Loss, Sudden/etiology
• Cerebral Infarction/diagnosis
• Cerebral Infarction/diagnostic imaging
• Cerebral Infarction/complications
• Cerebral Infarction/etiology
• Fatal Outcome

• Acupuncture
• EEG
• Microstate
• Quchi (LI11)
• Spectral power

• Humans
• Male
• Brain/physiology
• Female
• Acupuncture Therapy/methods
• Young Adult
• Electroencephalography/methods
• Adult
• Acupuncture Points
• Brain Waves/physiology

• 22YF1449100 Sailing Program under the Shanghai Scientific and Technological Innovation Action Plan
• 2021LK103 Project within the Budget of the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

• Inner ear
• audiology
• diagnosis
• postural balance
• vertigo

• Humans
• Vestibular Diseases/diagnosis
• Vestibular Function Tests/methods
• Dizziness/diagnosis
• Dizziness/etiology
• Vertigo/diagnosis
• Postural Balance/physiology
• Vestibule, Labyrinth/physiopathology

• biobehavioral health
• differential diagnosis
• dyspnea
• long covid
• medical comorbidities
• panic disorder
• somatic symptoms

• benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
• functional connectivity
• residual dizziness
• resting-state fMRI

• Humans
• Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo/diagnostic imaging
• Dizziness/diagnostic imaging
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging

• XWKYHT20200010 Xuzhou Municipal Health Commission
• H2023014 Health Commission of JiangSu province
• Health Commission of JiangSu province

• stroke
• neurological rehabilitation
• health planning guidelines
• practice guidelines as a topic
• acidente vascular cerebral
• reabilitação neurológica
• diretrizes para o planejamento em saúde
• guias de prática clínica como assunto

• Humans
• Brazil
• COVID-19
• Stroke/complications
• Stroke/drug therapy
• Stroke Rehabilitation/methods
• Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
• Meta-Analysis as Topic
• Systematic Reviews as Topic

• Cerebellar cognitive-affective syndrome
• Cerebellar stroke
• Electrophysiology
• Long-term potentiation
• Motor impairment

• Animals
• Cerebellar Diseases/pathology
• Cerebellar Diseases/psychology
• Cerebellum/pathology
• Hippocampus/diagnostic imaging
• Hippocampus/pathology
• Humans
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
• Mice
• Stroke/complications
• Stroke/diagnostic imaging
• Stroke/pathology

• R01 NS105905 NINDS NIH HHS
• R01 NS046072 NINDS NIH HHS
• F31 NS120422 NINDS NIH HHS
• P30 CA046934 NCI NIH HHS
• K01 NS086969 NINDS NIH HHS
• K08 NS097586 NINDS NIH HHS
• S10 OD023485 NIH HHS
• T32 GM007635 NIGMS NIH HHS

• Acute cerebral infarction
• Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
• Case report
• Sudden deafness

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been noted to express in the brain and thus participate in various diseases related to the central nervous system. However, the potential role of circRNAs in cerebral ischemia (CI)-induced vertigo remains unknown. We initially predicted through bioinformatics analysis the poor expression of circ_0000811 related to CI. A mouse model of CI-induced vertigo was then established, which was validated by measurement of escape latency and medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) blood flow, with NeuN/Annexin counterstaining utilized to detect cell apoptosis in the MVN. An oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)-exposed neuron-like cell model was further established for in vitro gain- and loss- of function assays, with flow cytometry performed to detect cell apoptosis. The poorly expressed circ_0000811, up-regulated miR-15b expression, and down-regulated Prkar2a expression were observed in both mice with CI-induced vertigo and OGD-exposed cells. Our data then demonstrated that circ_0000811 restoration alleviated CI-induced vertigo in mouse models, and that circ_0000811 acted as a miR-15b sponge to inhibit miR-15b expression. Prkar2a was validated as the target gene of miR-15b. Prkar2a restoration was subsequently revealed to repress OGD-induced neuronal apoptosis through JAK2/STAT1 signaling pathway inactivation. Furthermore, inactivation of the JAK2/STAT1 signaling pathway exerted an anti-apoptotic effect in OGD-induced neurons and an alleviatory effect in mice with CI-induced vertigo with Prkar2a overexpression and circ_0000811 overexpression. Taken together, our work suggests that circ_0000811 is involved in neuronal apoptosis of CI-induced vertigo and may be used as a biomarker for ameliorating CI-induced vertigo.

• AdipoR2
• Cerebral ischemia
• Circ_0000831
• Neuroinflammation
• PPARγ
• Vertigo
• microRNA-16-5p

• Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
• Brainstem
• Cerebellum
• ReHo
• Voxel-based morphometry
• fALFF

• Brainstem
• Connectome
• Hearing impairment
• Pontine capillary teleangiectasia

• AICA
• anatomic variations
• cerebellar irrigation
• neurovascular compression syndromes
• rsurgical treatment

• Vermis infarction
• anterior lobe
• dorsal spinocerebellar tract
• nodulovestibular Purkinje fibers
• nodulus
• tonsil

Vertigo is a multisensory syndrome that otolaryngologists are confronted with every day. With regard to the complex functions of the sense of orientation, vertigo is considered today as a disorder of the sense of direction, a disturbed spatial perception of the body. Beside the frequent classical syndromes for which vertigo is the leading symptom (e.g. positional vertigo, vestibular neuritis, Menière’s disease), vertigo may occur as main or accompanying symptom of a multitude of ENT-related diseases involving the inner ear. It also concerns for example acute and chronic viral or bacterial infections of the ear with serous or bacterial labyrinthitis, disorders due to injury (e.g. barotrauma, fracture of the oto-base, contusion of the labyrinth), chronic-inflammatory bone processes as well as inner ear affections in the perioperative course. In the last years, diagnostics of vertigo have experienced a paradigm shift due to new diagnostic possibilities. In the diagnostics of emergency cases, peripheral and central disorders of vertigo (acute vestibular syndrome) may be differentiated with simple algorithms. The introduction of modern vestibular test procedures (video head impulse test, vestibular evoked myogenic potentials) in the clinical practice led to new diagnostic options that for the first time allow a complex objective assessment of all components of the vestibular organ with relatively low effort. Combined with established methods, a frequency-specific assessment of the function of vestibular reflexes is possible. New classifications allow a clinically better differentiation of vertigo syndromes. Modern radiological procedures such as for example intratympanic gadolinium application for Menière’s disease with visualization of an endolymphatic hydrops also influence current medical standards. Recent methodical developments significantly contributed to the possibilities that nowadays vertigo can be better and more quickly clarified in particular in otolaryngology.

• VEMP
• cVEMP
• dizziness
• oVEMP
• vertigo
• video head impulse test

In 1988, we introduced impulsive testing of semicircular canal (SCC) function measured with scleral search coils and showed that it could accurately and reliably detect impaired function even of a single lateral canal. Later we showed that it was also possible to test individual vertical canal function in peripheral and also in central vestibular disorders and proposed a physiological mechanism for why this might be so. For the next 20 years, between 1988 and 2008, impulsive testing of individual SCC function could only be accurately done by a few aficionados with the time and money to support scleral search-coil systems—an expensive, complicated and cumbersome, semi-invasive technique that never made the transition from the research lab to the dizzy clinic. Then, in 2009 and 2013, we introduced a video method of testing function of each of the six canals individually. Since 2009, the method has been taken up by most dizzy clinics around the world, with now close to 100 refereed articles in PubMed. In many dizzy clinics around the world, video Head Impulse Testing has supplanted caloric testing as the initial and in some cases the final test of choice in patients with suspected vestibular disorders. Here, we consider seven current, interesting, and controversial aspects of video Head Impulse Testing: (1) introduction to the test; (2) the progress from the head impulse protocol (HIMPs) to the new variant—suppression head impulse protocol (SHIMPs); (3) the physiological basis for head impulse testing; (4) practical aspects and potential pitfalls of video head impulse testing; (5) problems of vestibulo-ocular reflex gain calculations; (6) head impulse testing in central vestibular disorders; and (7) to stay right up-to-date—new clinical disease patterns emerging from video head impulse testing. With thanks and appreciation we dedicate this article to our friend, colleague, and mentor, Dr Bernard Cohen of Mount Sinai Medical School, New York, who since his first article 55 years ago on compensatory eye movements induced by vertical SCC stimulation has become one of the giants of the vestibular world.

• SHIMP
• VOR
• head impulse test
• semicircular canal
• vestibular
• vestibulo-ocular reflex
• video head impulse test

To identify novel phenotypic associations related to Cytochrome P450 Family 2 Subfamily A Member 6 (CYP2A6), we investigated the human phenome in a total of 11,271 individuals. Initially, we conducted a phenome-wide association study in 3,401 nicotine-exposed elderly subjects considering 358 phenotypic traits. We identified a significant association between CYP2A6 rs113288603 and hearing loss symptoms (p = 5.75 × 10⁻⁵). No association was observed in a sample of 3,245 nicotine-unexposed individuals from the same discovery cohort, consistent with the conclusion that the finding is related to CYP2A6 involvement in nicotine metabolism. Consistent results were obtained (p < 0.1) in an independent sample of 2,077 nicotine-exposed elderly subjects, and similarly, no significance was observed in the nicotine-unexposed sample (n = 2,548) of the replication cohort. Additional supporting evidence for this association was provided by gene expression data: rs113288603 is associated with increased CYP2A6 expression in cerebellar hemispheres (p = 7.8 × 10⁻⁴). There is a well-known correlation between smoking and age-related hearing loss. Cigarette smoking is associated with structural changes in the brain and CYP2A6 mediates these changes. In this context, the regulatory role of rs113288603 in cerebellum appears to be consistent with the known involvement of this brain region in auditory function.

• Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
• dorsal spinal cerebellar tract
• impaired hearing
• truncal ataxia
• vertigo

• Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
• Audiovestibular loss
• Hearing loss
• Prodrome
• Stroke
• Vertigo

Vestibular disorders manifesting as vertigo, chronic dizziness and imbalance are common problems in neurological practice. Here, we review some recent interesting and important advances in diagnosis of vestibular disorders using the video head impulse test and in the management of benign positional vertigo and migrainous vertigo.

• Head impulses
• VEMP
• Vertigo
• vHIT

• Humans
• Neurotology
• Vestibular Diseases/diagnosis
• Vestibular Diseases/therapy