• Henan province
• air pollution
• coronary heart disease
• distributed lag nonlinear model
• interaction
• time-stratified case-crossover design

• Broiler
• Growing performance
• Hatch window
• Hatchability
• Ozone

• Animals
• Ozone/pharmacology
• Chickens/growth & development
• Chickens/microbiology
• Chickens/physiology
• Feces/microbiology
• Chick Embryo/drug effects
• Chick Embryo/growth & development
• Bacterial Load/veterinary
• Random Allocation

• Bursa Uludag University

• acute myocardial infarction
• atrial fibrillation
• autohemotherapy
• ischemia
• ozone therapy
• ozone
• sioot
• stroke

• Humans
• Ozone/therapeutic use
• Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy
• Oxygen/metabolism
• Oxygen/therapeutic use
• Ischemic Stroke/drug therapy
• Ischemic Stroke/therapy
• Myocardial Ischemia/therapy
• Myocardial Ischemia/drug therapy
• Animals

• Cellular immunity
• Inflammation
• Major autohemotherapy
• Ozone therapy
• Pulmonary function
• post-acute sequelae of COVID-19

• Humans
• Ozone/therapeutic use
• Male
• Female
• COVID-19/immunology
• COVID-19/therapy
• COVID-19/complications
• Pilot Projects
• Middle Aged
• SARS-CoV-2
• Aged
• Treatment Outcome
• Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
• Prospective Studies
• Adult

• air pollution
• environmental hazard
• exposure
• hazard
• hip fracture
• morbidity
• mortality
• older adult

• Humans
• Aged
• Cohort Studies
• Nitrogen Dioxide/analysis
• Retrospective Studies
• Taiwan/epidemiology
• Carbon Dioxide
• Air Pollution/adverse effects
• Air Pollution/analysis
• Air Pollutants/adverse effects
• Air Pollutants/analysis
• Particulate Matter/adverse effects
• Particulate Matter/analysis
• Hip Fractures/surgery
• Hip Fractures/chemically induced
• Nitric Oxide
• Hydrocarbons

• Dose–response meta-analysis
• Fibrinogen
• Homocysteine
• Lipoprotein(a)
• Peripheral arterial disease

• Optical coherence tomography angiography
• Ozone therapy
• Radial peripapillary capillary
• Retinal vascular reactivity
• Vessel density

Medical oxygen-ozone (O₂-O₃) is a successful therapeutic approach accounting on the assessed beneficial action of ozone in the range 30–45 μg/ml (expanded range 10–80 μg/ml according to different protocols), as in this dosage range ozone is able to trigger a cellular hormetic response via the modulating activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as signaling molecules. The ozone-dependent ROS-mediated fatty acid oxidation leads to the formation of lipid ozonization products (LOPs), which act as signal transducers by triggering ROS signaling and therefore mitohormetic processes. These processes ultimately activate survival mechanisms at a cellular level, such as the Nrf2/Keap1/ARE system activation, the AMPK/FOXO/mTOR/Sir1 pathway and the Nrf2/NF-kB cross talk. Furthermore, indirectly, via these pathways, LOPs trigger the HIF-1α pathway, the HO-1 signaling and the NO/iNOS biochemical machinery. Ozone-driven shift of cytokine activation pathways, from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory immediately afterwards, also exert direct immunoregulatory effects on regulatory T lymphocytes as well as on the intestinal microbiota, which in turn can affect immune response thus influencing the progression of the disease. In this review, we will describe the biological and biochemical mechanisms of action of ozone therapy with the aim of evaluating both positive and critical aspects of ozone use as a therapeutic adjuvant in the light of emerging viral infections, such as SARS-CoV-2 and microbiome-associated disorders related to SARS-CoV-2.

Autohemotherapy with ozonated blood is used in the treatment of a broad spectrum of clinical disorders. Ozone demonstrates strong oxidizing properties and causes damage to cell membranes. The impact of whole-blood ozonation on the release of microparticles from blood and endothelial cells and the concentration of selected markers in the hemostatic system (APTT, PT, D-dimer, fibrinogen) were investigated. Venous blood, obtained from 19 healthy men, was split into four equal parts and treated with air, 15 µg/mL ozone, or 30 µg/mL ozone, or left untreated. The number and types of microparticles released were determined using flow cytometry on the basis of surface antigen expression: erythrocyte-derived microparticles (CD235⁺), platelet-derived microparticles (CD42⁺), leukocyte-derived microparticles (CD45⁺), and endothelial-derived microparticles (CD144⁺). The study is the first to demonstrate that ozone induces a statistically significant increase in the number of microparticles derived from blood and endothelial cells. Although statistically significant, the changes in some coagulation factors were somewhat mild and did not exceed normal values.

• Animals
• Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
• COVID-19
• Chlorocebus aethiops
• Cricetinae
• Female
• Humans
• Hyaluronic Acid
• Liposomes
• Male
• Mice
• Ozone
• Rabbits
• SARS-CoV-2
• Vero Cells

The objective of this study was to provide lung disinfection by nebulizing ozone gas with distilled water and olive oil for patients who have clinical symptoms due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The study attempted to reduce the viral load of COVID-19 in the lungs of patients, to provide a faster response to medical treatment. Between August 2020 and September 2020, 30 patients who met the study criteria were prospectively evaluated. There were 2 groups with 15 patients in each group: patients in control group were not treated with ozone and only received standard COVID-19 treatment; patients in ozone group received lung disinfection technique with ozone and standard COVID-19 treatment. A statistically significant difference was found in the length of stay in hospital, change in C-reactive protein, polymerase chain reaction results after 5 days, and computed tomography scores between two groups. There was no statistically significant difference in D-dimer, urea, lactate dehydrogenase, lymphocyte, leukocyte, and platelet between two groups. According to the data, we think that the lung disinfection technique applied with ozone inhalation reduces the rate of pneumonia in COVID-19 patients and makes the patients respond faster to the treatment and become negative according to the polymerase chain reaction tests. The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the İstanbul Medipol University Clinical Trials (approval No. 0011) on July 2, 2020.

• COVID-19
• coronavirus
• lung disinfection
• medical ozone gas
• ozone gas
• ozone inhalation
• ozone therapy
• pulmonary disease
• viral puenmonia

• Anti-inflammatory
• Anti-oxidant
• COVID-19
• Medical therapy
• Ozone therapy
• Review

• Humans
• Oxidants, Photochemical/pharmacology
• Oxidative Stress/drug effects
• Ozone/pharmacology
• SARS-CoV-2/drug effects
• COVID-19 Drug Treatment

• Expert consensus
• Guideline
• Ozone
• Ozone iatrotechnique
• Pain
• Pain department

•

Ozonated blood was associated with shorter time to clinical improvement.

There is still no specific treatment strategies for COVID-19 other than supportive management.

A prospective case-control study determined by admittance to the hospital based on bed availability.

Eighteen patients with COVID-19 infection (laboratory confirmed) severe pneumonia admitted to hospital between 20th March and 19th April 2020. Patients admitted to the hospital during the study period were assigned to different beds based on bed availability. Depending on the bed the patient was admitted, the treatment was ozone autohemotherapy or standard treatment. Patients in the case group received ozonated blood twice daily starting on the day of admission for a median of four days. Each treatment involved administration of 200 mL autologous whole blood enriched with 200 mL of oxygen-ozone mixture with a 40 μg/mL ozone concentration.

The primary outcome was time from hospital admission to clinical improvement.

Nine patients (50%) received ozonated autohemotherapy beginning on the day of admission. Ozonated autohemotherapy was associated with shorter time to clinical improvement (median [IQR]), 7 days [6–10] vs 28 days [8–31], p = 0.04) and better outcomes at 14-days (88.8% vs 33.3%, p = 0.01). In risk-adjusted analyses, ozonated autohemotherapy was associated with a shorter mean time to clinical improvement (−11.3 days, p = 0.04, 95% CI –22.25 to −0.42).

Ozonated autohemotherapy was associated with a significantly shorter time to clinical improvement in this prospective case-control study. Given the small sample size and study design, these results require evaluation in larger randomized controlled trials.

Clinical trial registration number: NCT04444531.

• COVID-19
• Oxygen-ozone therapy
• Ozonated blood
• Pneumonia
• Time to clinical improvement

• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Blood Transfusion, Autologous
• COVID-19/mortality
• COVID-19/therapy
• Female
• Humans
• Kaplan-Meier Estimate
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Ozone/therapeutic use
• SARS-CoV-2
• Treatment Outcome

• Autologous blood
• Autologous serum
• Autotransfusion
• Cytokines
• Growth factors
• Infusion medicine
• Ozone therapy
• Platelet-rich plasma
• UV blood irradiation
• Wound healing

• Cognitive frailty
• Gut microbiota
• Inflammation
• Oxidative stress
• Oxygen-ozone therapy
• Trace elements

Oxygen-ozone (O₃) therapy serves as an alternative medical technique that increases the oxygen in the body along with the introduction of O₃. O₃ therapy has finally reached a level where the biological mechanisms of action have been understood, showing that they are in the domain of physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology. Few clinical applications have been reviewed here as well as exemplifying that O₃ therapy is particularly useful in musculoskeletal disorders. In the therapeutic range, O₃ can be used as a more effective and safe substitute of standard medications. O₃ therapy has been used for many years for its ability to inactivate various viruses, cancer, and acquired immune deficiency syndrome but is now making strides in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, lumbar facet joint syndrome, subacromial bursitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, osteoarthritis, hip bursitis, shoulder adhesive capsulitis, herniated disc, and temporomandibular joint disorder.

• carpal tunnel syndrome
• cervical disc herniation
• fibromyalgia
• herniated disc
• lumbar facet syndrome
• muscle oxygenation
• osteoarthritis
• oxygen-ozone therapy

This article provides an overview of the potential use of ozone as an adjuvant during cancer treatment.

We summarize the findings of the most relevant publications focused on this goal, and we include our related clinical experience.

Over several decades, prestigious journals have published in vitro studies on the capacity of ozone to induce direct damage on tumor cells and, as well, to enhance the effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Indirect effects have been demonstrated in animal models: immune modulation by ozone alone and sensitizing effect of radiotherapy by concurrent ozone administration. The effects of ozone in modifying hemoglobin dissociation curve, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate levels, locoregional blood flow, and tumor hypoxia provide additional support for potential beneficial effects during cancer treatment. Unfortunately, only a few clinical studies are available. Finally, we describe some works and our experience supporting the potential role of local ozone therapy in treating delayed healing after tumor resection, to avoid delays in commencing radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

In vitro and animal studies, as well as isolated clinical reports, suggest the potential role of ozone as an adjuvant during radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. However, further research, such as randomized clinical trials, is required to demonstrate its potential usefulness as an adjuvant therapeutic tool.

• Animals
• Extracorporeal Circulation/methods
• Humans
• Oxidants, Photochemical/administration & dosage
• Ozone/administration & dosage

The potential beneficial effect of ozone (O₃) on stroke had been identified experimentally and clinically, but these effects remain controversial in population-based studies. This study aimed to explore the epidemiological association between O₃ and risk of ischemic stroke. Ischemic stroke related health data and air pollution data were obtained from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Environmental Monitoring Center in Changzhou between 2015 and 2016, respectively. The associations between the short-term exposure to O₃ and daily ischemic stroke onsets and deaths were examined based on time-series generalized additive Poisson model. During the study period, daily ischemic stroke onsets and deaths decreased 0.340% (95% confidence interval (CI) −0.559% to −0.120%) and 0.697% (95% CI −1.103% to −0.290%) with an interquartile range (IQR) (41.1 µg/m³) increase in levels of ambient O₃, respectively. The protective effects of O₃ were more significant in men and elders and in the cool season than those in women and young people and in the warm season, respectively. The negative association was independent of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂ or CO exposure. Acute O₃ exposure was associated with decreased risk of ischemic stroke. These findings will help provide new insights into the relationship between ischemic stroke and ambient O₃ concentrations.

• generalized additive model
• ischemic stroke
• ozone
• time-series study

• Age Factors
• Aged
• Air Pollutants/adverse effects
• Brain Ischemia/chemically induced
• Brain Ischemia/epidemiology
• China/epidemiology
• Female
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Ozone/adverse effects
• Poisson Distribution
• Risk
• Seasons
• Sex Factors
• Stroke/chemically induced
• Stroke/epidemiology

The use of ozone (O₃) gas as a therapy in alternative medicine has attracted skepticism due to its unstable molecular structure. However, copious volumes of research have provided evidence that O₃'s dynamic resonance structures facilitate physiological interactions useful in treating a myriad of pathologies. Specifically, O₃ therapy induces moderate oxidative stress when interacting with lipids. This interaction increases endogenous production of antioxidants, local perfusion, and oxygen delivery, as well as enhances immune responses. We have conducted a comprehensive review of O₃ therapy, investigating its contraindications, routes and concentrations of administration, mechanisms of action, disinfectant properties in various microorganisms, and its medicinal use in different pathologies. We explore the therapeutic value of O₃ in pathologies of the cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary system, central nervous system, head and neck, musculoskeletal, subcutaneous tissue, and peripheral vascular disease. Despite compelling evidence, further studies are essential to mark it as a viable and quintessential treatment option in medicine.

• autohemotherapy
• lipid ozonation products
• oxidative preconditioning
• oxidative stress
• ozone
• ozone gas
• ozone therapy
• reactive oxidative species

Ozone therapy is an effective medical treatment for different diseases like mucositis, psoriasis, acute pain, neurovascular diseases, and cancer. The aim of this study is based on the association of different ozone concentration with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin in human colon cancer cell (HT29 cell line) in order to investigate possible anticancer synergistic effects.

HT29 cells were incubated with ozone at different concentration ranging from 10 up to 50 μg/ml at different incubation time alone or in combination with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil. Cell viability was performed by using a modified MTT method. Anti-inflammatory studies were conducted incubating HT29 with or without 20, 30, or 50 μg/ml of ozone before exposure to lipopolysaccharides.

Ozone alone has a time and concentration dependent cytotoxicity against HT29 cells (IC50 at 24 h: 30 μg/ml). Association of ozone with drugs increases cytotoxicity by 15–20%. Preincubation of ozone at 50 μg/ml decreases IL-8, IL-6, and IL-1β production by 50, 56, and 70%, respectively, compared to untreated cells.

These results indicated that ozone could be useful in colon cancer management in combination with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin with significant inhibition of cytokines having a central role in colon cancer cell survival and chemoresistance.

• major ozonated autohemotherapy
• medical ozone
• neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio
• renal ischemia-reperfusion injury
• total oxidant status

• Antimicrobial
• Ozone therapy
• RCT and caries
• dental applications

• Adult
• Amputation, Surgical/adverse effects
• Amputation, Surgical/methods
• Analgesia, Epidural/methods
• Azerbaijan
• Combined Modality Therapy/methods
• Female
• Humans
• Ischemia/diagnosis
• Ischemia/etiology
• Lower Extremity/blood supply
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Oxidants, Photochemical/therapeutic use
• Ozone/therapeutic use
• Perioperative Care/methods
• Severity of Illness Index
• Thromboangiitis Obliterans/complications
• Thromboangiitis Obliterans/diagnosis
• Thromboangiitis Obliterans/surgery
• Treatment Outcome
• Vascular Grafting/adverse effects
• Vascular Grafting/methods
• Wound Healing

Major ozonated autohemotherapy is classically used in treating ischemic disorder of the lower limbs. In the present study, we performed major ozonated autohemotherapy treatment in patients with acute cerebral infarction, and assessed outcomes according to the U.S. National Institutes of Health Stroke Score, Modified Rankin Scale, and transcranial magnetic stimulation motor-evoked potential. Compared with the control group, the clinical total effective rate and the cortical potential rise rate of the upper limbs were significantly higher, the central motor conduction time of upper limb was significantly shorter, and the upper limb motor-evoked potential amplitude was significantly increased, in the ozone group. In the ozone group, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Score was positively correlated with the central motor conduction time and the motor-evoked potential amplitude of the upper limb. Central motor conduction time and motor-evoked potential amplitude of the upper limb may be effective indicators of motor-evoked potentials to assess upper limb motor function in cerebral infarct patients. Furthermore, major ozonated autohemotherapy may promote motor function recovery of the upper limb in patients with acute cerebral infarction.

• National Institutes of Health Stroke Score
• amplitude
• central motor conduction time
• cerebral infarction
• clinical practice
• evoked potential
• grants-supported paper
• motor
• motor function
• neural regeneration
• neuroregenertion
• ozone
• photographs-containing paper
• upper limb paralysis
• upper limbs

• Gynecologic tumors
• integrative and complementary medicine
• pelvic radiotherapy
• prostate cancer
• rectal bleeding
• side effects
• toxicity

• Adult
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Female
• Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology
• Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/therapy
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Ozone/therapeutic use
• Proctitis/etiology
• Proctitis/therapy
• Prostatic Neoplasms/radiotherapy
• Radiation Injuries/therapy
• Radiotherapy/adverse effects
• Treatment Outcome
• Uterine Neoplasms/radiotherapy

• macular degeneration
• ozone therapy
• retinopathy

• Adult
• Aged
• Analysis of Variance
• Betahistine/administration & dosage
• Case-Control Studies
• Female
• Histamine Agonists/administration & dosage
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Ozone/administration & dosage
• Prospective Studies
• Severity of Illness Index
• Tinnitus/therapy

AIM: To assess whether ozone exerts a protective and therapeutic effect on inflammatory injury in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and atherosclerosis in rabbits.

METHODS: Twenty-four male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: model group (n = 10), ozone group (n = 4), and pravastatin plus aspirin group (n = 10). The experimental duration is 12 weeks. Rabbits were weighed once per week. Rabbits of all groups were given a high fat diet, and the ozone group and pravastatin plus aspirin group were additionally given ozone and pravastatin plus aspirin from the second week to the end of the experiment, respectively. The intimal-medial thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery and abdominal aorta was measured by ultrasound at weeks 2, 5, 8 and 12. HE staining was used to examine pathological changes in the carotid artery, aorta, liver, heart and kidney during the formation of NAFLD and AS. The contents of serum TC, LDL, HDL, ALT, γ-GT, Cr and UA were determined. ELISA was used to determine the changes in serum contents of 8-OHdG, TRX, 4-HNE, 8-iso-PGF2a, LEP, ADPN, FFA, ET, IL-6, TNF-α, MDA, MCP-1, hs-CRP, NOS, NO, GSH, reduced glutathione and GSH-Px.

RESULTS: At the end of the experiment, intimal thickening was observed, which suggests that nonalcoholic steatohepatitis was induced successfully. The body weight of rabbits in the ozone group was significantly lower than that in other groups. The percentage of area of aortic lipid deposition in the intima was statistically significant among the three groups (P = 0.037, P < 0.05), but no statistically significant difference was found in the thickness of lipid deposition (P > 0.05). The degree of balloon-like degeneration in the liver differed significantly among the three groups (P < 0.05); however, the degree of hepatic steatosis showed no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). The degree of lipid deposition in the heart and lipid degeneration of tubular epithelial cells in the kidney showed no statistically significant difference among different groups. Compared to the model group, serum levels of LEP, ADPN, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, hs-CRP, NOS, TRX, MDA, 4-HNE and 8-iso-PGF2a significantly increased and those of NO and reduced glutathione content decreased in the ozone group (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Ozone reduces inflammatory injury in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and may be useful in preventing atherosclerosis. Ozone as an antioxidant does not cause visible damage to the liver, kidney and heart. Ozone can improve serum levels of inflammatory cytokines which are involved in oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation.

• Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
• Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
• Atherosclerosis
• Ozone

Ozonated autohemotherapy (OA) has been previously successfully used in the treatment of patients affected by peripheral occlusive arterial disease. OA consists of an intrafemoral reinfusion of autologous blood previously exposed to a mixture of oxygen/ozone (O₂/O₃). This study analyzes the effects of OA in protecting rat kidney from ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion damage.

We performed OA 30 min before the induction of 60 min renal ischemia or at the induction of 60 min postischemic reperfusion in rats subjected to unilateral nephrectomy. In addition, to evidence the possible protection induced by O₂/O₃ on endothelial functions, the present study analyzes the in vitro effects of O₂/O₃ on oxygen consumption by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).

1) OA preserves rat kidney functions and architecture, as demonstrated by the improved levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen and by histology; 2) such protection does not correlate with the increase of plasmatic nitric oxide, but is compatible with a focal renal increase of renal βNADPH-diaphorase; 3) treatment of HUVEC with O₂/O₃ significantly increases both the rate of oxygen consumption and the mitochondrial activity assessed by confocal microscopy.

The preservation of the mitochondrial activity of endothelium could in vivo limit the endothelial dysfunction provoked by the Isc or Isc/R processes.

• Ozone therapy
• autohemotherapy
• wound healing

The reader may be eager to examine in which diseases ozonetherapy can be proficiently used and she/he will be amazed by the versatility of this complementary approach (Table 9 1). The fact that the medical applications are numerous exposes the ozonetherapist to medical derision because superficial observers or sarcastic sceptics consider ozonetherapy as the modern panacea. This seems so because ozone, like oxygen, is a molecule able to act simultaneously on several blood components with different functions but, as we shall discuss, ozonetherapy is not a panacea. The ozone messengers ROS and LOPs can act either locally or systemically in practically all cells of an organism. In contrast to the dogma that “ozone is always toxic”, three decades of clinical experience, although mostly acquired in private clinics in millions of patients, have shown that ozone can act as a disinfectant, an oxygen donor, an immunomodulator, a paradoxical inducer of antioxidant enzymes, a metabolic enhancer, an inducer of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and possibly an activator of stem cells with consequent neovascularization and tissue reconstruction.