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De Simone B, Abu-Zidan FM, Chouillard E, Di Saverio S, Sartelli M, Podda M, Gomes CA, Moore EE, Moug SJ, Ansaloni L, Kluger Y, Coccolini F, Landaluce-Olavarria A, Estraviz-Mateos B, Uriguen-Etxeberria A, Giordano A, Luna AP, Amín LAH, Hernández AMP, Shabana A, Dzulkarnaen ZA, Othman MA, Sani MI, Balla A, Scaramuzzo R, Lepiane P, Bottari A, Staderini F, Cianchi F, Cavallaro A, Zanghì A, Cappellani A, Campagnacci R, Maurizi A, Martinotti M, Ruggieri A, Jusoh AC, Rahman KA, Zulkifli ASM, Petronio B, Matías-García B, Quiroga-Valcárcel A, Mendoza-Moreno F, Atanasov B, Campanile FC, Vecchioni I, Cardinali L, Travaglini G, Sebastiani E, Chooklin S, Chuklin S, Cianci P, Restini E, Capuzzolo S, Currò G, Filippo R, Rispoli M, Aparicio-Sánchez D, Muñóz-Cruzado VD, Barbeito SD, Delibegovic S, Kesetovic A, Sasia D, Borghi F, Giraudo G, Visconti D, Doria E, Santarelli M, Luppi D, Bonilauri S, Grossi U, Zanus G, Sartori A, Piatto G, De Luca M, Vita D, Conti L, Capelli P, Cattaneo GM, Marinis A, Vederaki SA, Bayrak M, Altıntas Y, Uzunoglu MY, Demirbas IE, Altinel Y, Meric S, Aktimur YE, Uymaz DS, Omarov N, Azamat I, Lostoridis E, Nagorni EA, Pujante A, Anania G, Bombardini C, Bagolini F, Gonullu E, Mantoglu B, Capoglu R, et alDe Simone B, Abu-Zidan FM, Chouillard E, Di Saverio S, Sartelli M, Podda M, Gomes CA, Moore EE, Moug SJ, Ansaloni L, Kluger Y, Coccolini F, Landaluce-Olavarria A, Estraviz-Mateos B, Uriguen-Etxeberria A, Giordano A, Luna AP, Amín LAH, Hernández AMP, Shabana A, Dzulkarnaen ZA, Othman MA, Sani MI, Balla A, Scaramuzzo R, Lepiane P, Bottari A, Staderini F, Cianchi F, Cavallaro A, Zanghì A, Cappellani A, Campagnacci R, Maurizi A, Martinotti M, Ruggieri A, Jusoh AC, Rahman KA, Zulkifli ASM, Petronio B, Matías-García B, Quiroga-Valcárcel A, Mendoza-Moreno F, Atanasov B, Campanile FC, Vecchioni I, Cardinali L, Travaglini G, Sebastiani E, Chooklin S, Chuklin S, Cianci P, Restini E, Capuzzolo S, Currò G, Filippo R, Rispoli M, Aparicio-Sánchez D, Muñóz-Cruzado VD, Barbeito SD, Delibegovic S, Kesetovic A, Sasia D, Borghi F, Giraudo G, Visconti D, Doria E, Santarelli M, Luppi D, Bonilauri S, Grossi U, Zanus G, Sartori A, Piatto G, De Luca M, Vita D, Conti L, Capelli P, Cattaneo GM, Marinis A, Vederaki SA, Bayrak M, Altıntas Y, Uzunoglu MY, Demirbas IE, Altinel Y, Meric S, Aktimur YE, Uymaz DS, Omarov N, Azamat I, Lostoridis E, Nagorni EA, Pujante A, Anania G, Bombardini C, Bagolini F, Gonullu E, Mantoglu B, Capoglu R, Cappato S, Muzio E, Colak E, Polat S, Koylu ZA, Altintoprak F, Bayhan Z, Akin E, Andolfi E, Rezart S, Kim JI, Jung SW, Shin YC, Enciu O, Toma EA, Medas F, Canu GL, Cappellacci F, D’Acapito F, Ercolani G, Solaini L, Roscio F, Clerici F, Gelmini R, Serra F, Rossi EG, Fleres F, Clarizia G, Spolini A, Ferrara F, Nita G, Sarnari J, Gachabayov M, Abdullaev A, Poillucci G, Palini GM, Veneroni S, Garulli G, Piccoli M, Pattacini GC, Pecchini F, Argenio G, Armellino MF, Brisinda G, Tedesco S, Fransvea P, Ietto G, Franchi C, Carcano G, Martines G, Trigiante G, Negro G, Vega GM, González AR, Ojeda L, Piccolo G, Bondurri A, Maffioli A, Guerci C, Sin BH, Zuhdi Z, Azman A, Mousa H, al Bahri S, Augustin G, Romic I, Moric T, Nikolopoulos I, Andreuccetti J, Pignata G, D’Alessio R, Kenig J, Skorus U, Fraga GP, Hirano ES, de Lima Bertuol JV, Isik A, Kurnaz E, Asghar MS, Afzal A, Akbar A, Nikolouzakis TK, Lasithiotakis K, Chrysos E, Das K, Özer N, Seker A, Ibrahim M, Hamid HKS, Babiker A, Bouliaris K, Koukoulis G, Kolla CC, Lucchi A, Agostinelli L, Taddei A, Fortuna L, Agostini C, Licari L, Viola S, Callari C, Laface L, Abate E, Casati M, Anastasi A, Canonico G, Gabellini L, Tosi L, Guariniello A, Zanzi F, Bains L, Sydorchuk L, Iftoda O, Sydorchuk A, Malerba M, Costanzo F, Galleano R, Monteleone M, Costanzi A, Riva C, Walędziak M, Kwiatkowski A, Czyżykowski Ł, Major P, Strzałka M, Matyja M, Natkaniec M, Valenti MR, Di Vita MDP, Sotiropoulou M, Kapiris S, Massalou D, Veroux M, Volpicelli A, Gioco R, Uccelli M, Bonaldi M, Olmi S, Nardi M, Livadoti G, Mesina C, Dumitrescu TV, Ciorbagiu MC, Ammendola M, Ammerata G, Romano R, Slavchev M, Misiakos EP, Pikoulis E, Papaconstantinou D, Elbahnasawy M, Abdel-elsalam S, Felsenreich DM, Jedamzik J, Michalopoulos NV, Sidiropoulos TA, Papadoliopoulou M, Cillara N, Deserra A, Cannavera A, Negoi I, Schizas D, Syllaios A, Vagios I, Gourgiotis S, Dai N, Gurung R, Norrey M, Pesce A, Feo CV, Fabbri N, Machairas N, Dorovinis P, Keramida MD, Mulita F, Verras GI, Vailas M, Yalkin O, Iflazoglu N, Yigit D, Baraket O, Ayed K, Ghalloussi MH, Patias P, Ntokos G, Rahim R, Bala M, Kedar A, Sawyer RG, Trinh A, Miller K, Sydorchuk R, Knut R, Plehutsa O, Liman RK, Ozkan Z, Kader SA, Gupta S, Gureh M, Saeidi S, Aliakbarian M, Dalili A, Shoko T, Kojima M, Nakamoto R, Atici SD, Tuncer GK, Kaya T, Delis SG, Rossi S, Picardi B, del Monte SR, Triantafyllou T, Theodorou D, Pintar T, Salobir J, Manatakis DK, Tasis N, Acheimastos V, Ioannidis O, Loutzidou L, Symeonidis S, de Sá TC, Rocha M, Guagni T, Pantalone D, Maltinti G, Khokha V, Abdel-elsalam W, Ghoneim B, López-Ruiz JA, Kara Y, Zainudin S, Hayati F, Azizan N, Khei VTP, Yi RCX, Sellappan H, Demetrashvili Z, Lekiashvili N, Tvaladze A, Froiio C, Bernardi D, Bonavina L, Gil-Olarte A, Grassia S, Romero-Vargas E, Bianco F, Gumbs AA, Dogjani A, Agresta F, Litvin A, Balogh ZJ, Gendrikson G, Martino C, Damaskos D, Pararas N, Kirkpatrick A, Kurtenkov M, Gomes FC, Pisanu A, Nardello O, Gambarini F, Aref H, Angelis ND, Agnoletti V, Biondi A, Vacante M, Griggio G, Tutino R, Massani M, Bisetto G, Occhionorelli S, Andreotti D, Lacavalla D, Biffl WL, Catena F. The ChoCO-W prospective observational global study: Does COVID-19 increase gangrenous cholecystitis? World J Emerg Surg 2022; 17:61. [PMID: 36527038 PMCID: PMC9755784 DOI: 10.1186/s13017-022-00466-4] [Show More Authors] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of the highly morbid and potentially lethal gangrenous cholecystitis was reportedly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the ChoCO-W study was to compare the clinical findings and outcomes of acute cholecystitis in patients who had COVID-19 disease with those who did not. METHODS Data were prospectively collected over 6 months (October 1, 2020, to April 30, 2021) with 1-month follow-up. In October 2020, Delta variant of SARS CoV-2 was isolated for the first time. Demographic and clinical data were analyzed and reported according to the STROBE guidelines. Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients who had COVID-19 were compared with those who did not. RESULTS A total of 2893 patients, from 42 countries, 218 centers, involved, with a median age of 61.3 (SD: 17.39) years were prospectively enrolled in this study; 1481 (51%) patients were males. One hundred and eighty (6.9%) patients were COVID-19 positive, while 2412 (93.1%) were negative. Concomitant preexisting diseases including cardiovascular diseases (p < 0.0001), diabetes (p < 0.0001), and severe chronic obstructive airway disease (p = 0.005) were significantly more frequent in the COVID-19 group. Markers of sepsis severity including ARDS (p < 0.0001), PIPAS score (p < 0.0001), WSES sepsis score (p < 0.0001), qSOFA (p < 0.0001), and Tokyo classification of severity of acute cholecystitis (p < 0.0001) were significantly higher in the COVID-19 group. The COVID-19 group had significantly higher postoperative complications (32.2% compared with 11.7%, p < 0.0001), longer mean hospital stay (13.21 compared with 6.51 days, p < 0.0001), and mortality rate (13.4% compared with 1.7%, p < 0.0001). The incidence of gangrenous cholecystitis was doubled in the COVID-19 group (40.7% compared with 22.3%). The mean wall thickness of the gallbladder was significantly higher in the COVID-19 group [6.32 (SD: 2.44) mm compared with 5.4 (SD: 3.45) mm; p < 0.0001]. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of gangrenous cholecystitis is higher in COVID patients compared with non-COVID patients admitted to the emergency department with acute cholecystitis. Gangrenous cholecystitis in COVID patients is associated with high-grade Clavien-Dindo postoperative complications, longer hospital stay and higher mortality rate. The open cholecystectomy rate is higher in COVID compared with non -COVID patients. It is recommended to delay the surgical treatment in COVID patients, when it is possible, to decrease morbidity and mortality rates. COVID-19 infection and gangrenous cholecystistis are not absolute contraindications to perform laparoscopic cholecystectomy, in a case by case evaluation, in expert hands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda De Simone
- Department of Emergency, Digestive and Metabolic Minimally Invasive Surgery, Poissy and Saint Germain en Laye Hospitals, Poissy, France
| | - Fikri M. Abu-Zidan
- The Research Office, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates., United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Elie Chouillard
- Department of Emergency, Digestive and Metabolic Minimally Invasive Surgery, Poissy and Saint Germain en Laye Hospitals, Poissy, France
| | - Salomone Di Saverio
- Department of General Surgery, Santa Maria del Soccorso Hospital, San Benedetto del Tronto, Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - Massimo Sartelli
- Department of General Surgery, Macerata Hospital, Macerata, Italy
| | - Mauro Podda
- Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carlos Augusto Gomes
- Faculdade de Ciência Médicas e da Saúde de Juiz de Fora, Hospital Universitario Terezinha de Jesus (SUPREMA), Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Ernest E. Moore
- Ernest E. Moore Shock Trauma Center at Denver Health, Denver, CO USA
| | - Susan J. Moug
- Department of Surgery, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Paisley and Golden Jubilee National Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Luca Ansaloni
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Yoram Kluger
- Department of General Surgery, The Rambam Academic Hospital, Haifa, Israel
| | - Federico Coccolini
- Department of General and Emergency Surgery, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Alessio Giordano
- General Surgery Unit ASL Toscana Centro, Santo Stefano Hospital, Prato, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Amanda Shabana
- Emergency Surgery Department, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Zakaria Andee Dzulkarnaen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences and Hospital USM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Asyraf Othman
- Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences and Hospital USM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Ikhwan Sani
- Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences and Hospital USM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Andrea Balla
- UOC of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Hospital “San Paolo”, Largo Donatori del Sangue 1, 00053 Civitavecchia, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Scaramuzzo
- UOC of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Hospital “San Paolo”, Largo Donatori del Sangue 1, 00053 Civitavecchia, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Lepiane
- UOC of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Hospital “San Paolo”, Largo Donatori del Sangue 1, 00053 Civitavecchia, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Bottari
- SOD Chirurgia dell’Apparato Digerente, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Staderini
- SOD Chirurgia dell’Apparato Digerente, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Cianchi
- SOD Chirurgia dell’Apparato Digerente, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavallaro
- Department of Surgery, University of Catania, Policlinico “G. Rodolico - San Marco” Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Zanghì
- Department of Surgery, University of Catania, Policlinico “G. Rodolico - San Marco” Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cappellani
- Department of Surgery, University of Catania, Policlinico “G. Rodolico - San Marco” Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Angela Maurizi
- U.O.C. of General Surgery, “Carlo Urbani” Hospital, Jesi, AN Italy
| | | | | | - Asri Che Jusoh
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Sultan Ismail Petra, 18000 Kuala Krai, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Karim Abdul Rahman
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Sultan Ismail Petra, 18000 Kuala Krai, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Anis Suraya M. Zulkifli
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Sultan Ismail Petra, 18000 Kuala Krai, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Barbara Petronio
- Chirurgia Generale e Mininvasiva, San Polo Monfalcone, Monfalcone, GO Italy
| | | | | | | | - Boyko Atanasov
- RIMU, Medical University of Plovdiv, UMHAT Eurohospital, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | | | - Ilaria Vecchioni
- Ospedale San Giovanni Decollato Andosilla – ASL, Civita Castellana, Viterbo, VT Italy
| | - Luca Cardinali
- UOC Chirurgia Generale, Ospedale “Madonna del Soccorso”, San Benedetto del Tronto, AP Italy
| | - Grazia Travaglini
- UOC Chirurgia Generale, Ospedale “Madonna del Soccorso”, San Benedetto del Tronto, AP Italy
| | - Elisa Sebastiani
- UOC Chirurgia Generale, Ospedale “Madonna del Soccorso”, San Benedetto del Tronto, AP Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Giuseppe Currò
- Generall Surgery Unit, Science of Health Department, “Mater Domini” Hospital, University “Magna Graecia” Medical School, Viale Europa, 88100 Germaneto, Catanzaro Italy
| | - Rosalinda Filippo
- Generall Surgery Unit, Science of Health Department, “Mater Domini” Hospital, University “Magna Graecia” Medical School, Viale Europa, 88100 Germaneto, Catanzaro Italy
| | - Michele Rispoli
- Generall Surgery Unit, Science of Health Department, “Mater Domini” Hospital, University “Magna Graecia” Medical School, Viale Europa, 88100 Germaneto, Catanzaro Italy
| | | | | | | | - Samir Delibegovic
- Clinic for Surgery, University Clinical Center Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Amar Kesetovic
- Clinic for Surgery, University Clinical Center Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Diego Sasia
- Santa Croce and Carle Hospital, Cuneo, Italy
| | | | | | - Diego Visconti
- Chirurgia Generale d’Urgenza e PS - AOU Cittá della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuele Doria
- Chirurgia Generale d’Urgenza e PS - AOU Cittá della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro Santarelli
- Chirurgia Generale d’Urgenza e PS - AOU Cittá della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Davide Luppi
- General and Emergency Surgery, ASMN IRCCS REGGIO EMILIA, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Stefano Bonilauri
- General and Emergency Surgery, ASMN IRCCS REGGIO EMILIA, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Ugo Grossi
- Surgery Unit 2, Regional Hospital Treviso, DISCOG, University of Padua, Treviso, Italy
| | - Giacomo Zanus
- Surgery Unit 2, Regional Hospital Treviso, DISCOG, University of Padua, Treviso, Italy
| | - Alberto Sartori
- U.O. Chirurgia Generale e d’Urgenza Ospedale San Valentino, Montebelluna, Treviso, Italy
| | - Giacomo Piatto
- U.O. Chirurgia Generale e d’Urgenza Ospedale San Valentino, Montebelluna, Treviso, Italy
| | - Maurizio De Luca
- U.O. Chirurgia Generale e d’Urgenza Ospedale San Valentino, Montebelluna, Treviso, Italy
| | - Domenico Vita
- Surgery Unit 2, Regional Hospital Treviso, DISCOG, University of Padua, Treviso, Italy
| | - Luigi Conti
- Department of Surgery, G. Da Saliceto Hospital, AUSL Piacenza, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Patrizio Capelli
- Department of Surgery, G. Da Saliceto Hospital, AUSL Piacenza, Piacenza, Italy
| | | | - Athanasios Marinis
- Styliani-Aikaterini Vederaki, Third Department of Surgery, “Tzaneio” General Hospital, Piraeus, Greece
| | | | - Mehmet Bayrak
- Mehmet Bayrak, Clinic for Surgery, Private Ortadogu Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Yuksel Altinel
- Department of General Surgery, Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Science, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serhat Meric
- Department of General Surgery, Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Science, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yunus Emre Aktimur
- Department of General Surgery, Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Science, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Salim Uymaz
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nail Omarov
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Azamat
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Antonio Pujante
- 1St Department of Surgery, Kavala General Hospital, Kavala, Greece
| | - Gabriele Anania
- UO Chirurgia 1, Dipartimento Chirurgico, Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria’di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cristina Bombardini
- UO Chirurgia 1, Dipartimento Chirurgico, Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria’di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Bagolini
- UO Chirurgia 1, Dipartimento Chirurgico, Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria’di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Emre Gonullu
- Sakarya Training and Research Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey
| | | | | | - Stefano Cappato
- Department of General Surgery ASL 4, Lavagna Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elena Muzio
- Department of General Surgery ASL 4, Lavagna Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elif Colak
- Samsun Training and Research Hospital, University of Samsun, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Polat
- Samsun Training and Research Hospital, University of Samsun, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Zehra Alan Koylu
- Samsun Training and Research Hospital, University of Samsun, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Fatih Altintoprak
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Serdivan, Turkey
| | - Zülfü Bayhan
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Serdivan, Turkey
| | - Emrah Akin
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Serdivan, Turkey
| | - Enrico Andolfi
- General and Emergency Surgery Unit, San Donato Hospital, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Sulce Rezart
- General and Emergency Surgery Unit, San Donato Hospital, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Jae Il Kim
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Sung Won Jung
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Yong Chan Shin
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Octavian Enciu
- Elias University Emergency Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Adelina Toma
- Elias University Emergency Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Fabio Medas
- Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Canu
- Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio D’Acapito
- General and Oncologic Surgery, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Via C. Forlanini 34, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Giorgio Ercolani
- General and Oncologic Surgery, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Via C. Forlanini 34, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Leonardo Solaini
- General and Oncologic Surgery, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Via C. Forlanini 34, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberta Gelmini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine AOU Policlinico Di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Serra
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine AOU Policlinico Di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Giulia Rossi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine AOU Policlinico Di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Fleres
- UOC General Surgery, Hospital Civil of Sondrio, ASST Valtellina e Alto Lario, Sondrio, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Clarizia
- UOC General Surgery, Hospital Civil of Sondrio, ASST Valtellina e Alto Lario, Sondrio, Italy
| | - Alessandro Spolini
- UOC General Surgery, Hospital Civil of Sondrio, ASST Valtellina e Alto Lario, Sondrio, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrara
- Department of Surgery, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriela Nita
- AUSL Reggio Emilia, Ospedale Sant’Anna, Castelnuovo ne Monti, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Jlenia Sarnari
- AUSL Reggio Emilia, Ospedale Sant’Anna, Castelnuovo ne Monti, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Mahir Gachabayov
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Vladimir City Emergency Hospital, Vladimir, Russia
| | - Abakar Abdullaev
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Vladimir City Emergency Hospital, Vladimir, Russia
| | | | - Gian Marco Palini
- Chirurgia generale e d’urgenza, Ospedale Infermi di Rimini, AUSL Romagna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Simone Veneroni
- Chirurgia generale e d’urgenza, Ospedale Infermi di Rimini, AUSL Romagna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Gianluca Garulli
- Chirurgia generale e d’urgenza, Ospedale Infermi di Rimini, AUSL Romagna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Micaela Piccoli
- Department of General Surgery, Emergencies and New Technologies, Baggiovara Civil Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Gianmaria Casoni Pattacini
- Department of General Surgery, Emergencies and New Technologies, Baggiovara Civil Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Pecchini
- Department of General Surgery, Emergencies and New Technologies, Baggiovara Civil Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulio Argenio
- UOC Chirurgia d’Urgenza, AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Brisinda
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Tedesco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Fransvea
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ietto
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Settelaghi and University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Caterina Franchi
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Settelaghi and University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Giulio Carcano
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Settelaghi and University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Gennaro Martines
- General Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico Bari - Italy, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Trigiante
- General Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico Bari - Italy, Bari, Italy
| | - Giulia Negro
- General Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico Bari - Italy, Bari, Italy
| | - Gustavo Machain Vega
- Department of Surgery, Hospital de Clinicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | | | - Leonardo Ojeda
- Department of Surgery, Hospital de Clinicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Gaetano Piccolo
- Unit of HepatoBilioPancreatic and Digestive Surgery, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Via Di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Bondurri
- Department of General Surgery, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Maffioli
- Department of General Surgery, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Guerci
- Department of General Surgery, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Boo Han Sin
- HPB Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zamri Zuhdi
- HPB Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azlanudin Azman
- HPB Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hussam Mousa
- College of Medicine, Tawam Hospital, UAE University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Shadi al Bahri
- College of Medicine, Tawam Hospital, UAE University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Goran Augustin
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Romic
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Trpimir Moric
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Jacopo Andreuccetti
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giusto Pignata
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rossella D’Alessio
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Jakub Kenig
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Oncologic Surgery and Transplantology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Urszula Skorus
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Oncologic Surgery and Transplantology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Gustavo Pereira Fraga
- Division of Trauma Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Elcio Shiyoiti Hirano
- Division of Trauma Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Arda Isik
- School of Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Eray Kurnaz
- School of Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | | | - Ameer Afzal
- King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Akbar
- King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Emmanuel Chrysos
- Department of General Surgery, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Koray Das
- Department of General Surgery, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Adana, Turkey
| | - Nazmi Özer
- Department of General Surgery, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Seker
- Department of General Surgery, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Adana, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Konstantinos Bouliaris
- Surgical Department, Koutlimbaneio and Triantafylleio General Hospital of Larissa, Larisa, Greece
| | - George Koukoulis
- Surgical Department, Koutlimbaneio and Triantafylleio General Hospital of Larissa, Larisa, Greece
| | | | - Andrea Lucchi
- U.O. Chirurgia Generale Ospedale “Ceccarini” Riccione, Riccione, Italy
| | - Laura Agostinelli
- U.O. Chirurgia Generale Ospedale “Ceccarini” Riccione, Riccione, Italy
| | - Antonio Taddei
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Fortuna
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Carlotta Agostini
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Leo Licari
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences (DICHIRONS), Policlinico P. Giaccone, University of Palermo, Via Liborio Giuffré 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Cosimo Callari
- Department of Surgery, Buccheri La Ferla Hospital, Via Messina Marine, 197, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Letizia Laface
- Department of General Surgery, Vittorio Emanuele III Hospital, Carate Brianza - ASST Brianza, Carate Brianza, Italy
| | - Emmanuele Abate
- Department of General Surgery, Vittorio Emanuele III Hospital, Carate Brianza - ASST Brianza, Carate Brianza, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Casati
- Department of General Surgery, Vittorio Emanuele III Hospital, Carate Brianza - ASST Brianza, Carate Brianza, Italy
| | | | | | - Linda Gabellini
- Chirurgia Generale, Ospedale San Giovanni Di Dio, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tosi
- Residency Program in General Surgery, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Guariniello
- Section of Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, S.Maria delle Croci Hospital Ravenna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Federico Zanzi
- Section of Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, S.Maria delle Croci Hospital Ravenna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Lovenish Bains
- Department of Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College and Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, 110002 India
| | | | - Oksana Iftoda
- Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | | | | | | | | | - Michela Monteleone
- Andrea Costanzi, Carlo Riva, O.U. of General Surgery, San Leopoldo Mandic Hospital, Merate, ASST, Lecco, Italy
| | - Andrea Costanzi
- Andrea Costanzi, Carlo Riva, O.U. of General Surgery, San Leopoldo Mandic Hospital, Merate, ASST, Lecco, Italy
| | - Carlo Riva
- Andrea Costanzi, Carlo Riva, O.U. of General Surgery, San Leopoldo Mandic Hospital, Merate, ASST, Lecco, Italy
| | - Maciej Walędziak
- Department of General, Oncological, Metabolic and Thoracic Surgery, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kwiatkowski
- Department of General, Oncological, Metabolic and Thoracic Surgery, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Czyżykowski
- Department of General, Oncological, Metabolic and Thoracic Surgery, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Major
- Department of General and Emergency Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Strzałka
- Department of General and Emergency Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Matyja
- Department of General and Emergency Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michal Natkaniec
- Department of General and Emergency Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Rosaria Valenti
- U.O. General Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria “Policlinico - San Marco”, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Stylianos Kapiris
- 3Rd Surgical Department, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Damien Massalou
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU de Nice), Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Rossella Gioco
- General Surgery, Azienda Policlinico San Marco, Catania, Italy
| | - Matteo Uccelli
- General and Oncological Surgery Department, San Marco Hospital GSD, Zingonia, BG Italy
| | - Marta Bonaldi
- General and Oncological Surgery Department, San Marco Hospital GSD, Zingonia, BG Italy
| | - Stefano Olmi
- General and Oncological Surgery Department, San Marco Hospital GSD, Zingonia, BG Italy
| | - Matteo Nardi
- San Giovanni Calibita Hospital- Fondazione Fatebenefratelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Giada Livadoti
- San Giovanni Calibita Hospital- Fondazione Fatebenefratelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristian Mesina
- Department of Surgery, Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | | | | | - Michele Ammendola
- Science of Health Department, Digestive Surgery Unit, “Mater Domini” Hospital, University “Magna Graecia” Medical School, Viale Europa, 88100 Germaneto, Catanzaro Italy
| | - Giorgio Ammerata
- Science of Health Department, Digestive Surgery Unit, “Mater Domini” Hospital, University “Magna Graecia” Medical School, Viale Europa, 88100 Germaneto, Catanzaro Italy
| | - Roberto Romano
- Science of Health Department, Digestive Surgery Unit, “Mater Domini” Hospital, University “Magna Graecia” Medical School, Viale Europa, 88100 Germaneto, Catanzaro Italy
| | - Mihail Slavchev
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Eurohospital, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Evangelos P. Misiakos
- 3Rd Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Pikoulis
- 3Rd Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Papaconstantinou
- 3Rd Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mohamed Elbahnasawy
- Emergency Medicine and Traumatology Department, Tanta University Faculty of Medicine, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sherief Abdel-elsalam
- Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Daniel M. Felsenreich
- Division of Visceral Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Jedamzik
- Division of Visceral Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikolaos V. Michalopoulos
- 4Rd Department of Surgery Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros A. Sidiropoulos
- 4Rd Department of Surgery Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Papadoliopoulou
- 4Rd Department of Surgery Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nicola Cillara
- Surgery Department, Santissima Trinità Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | | | - Ionuţ Negoi
- General Surgery Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dimitrios Schizas
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Syllaios
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias Vagios
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Nick Dai
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rekha Gurung
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marcus Norrey
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antonio Pesce
- Department of Surgery, Delta Hospital, Azienda USL of Ferrara, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlo Vittorio Feo
- Department of Surgery, Delta Hospital, Azienda USL of Ferrara, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nicolo’ Fabbri
- Department of Surgery, Delta Hospital, Azienda USL of Ferrara, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nikolaos Machairas
- 2Nd Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital Laiko, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Dorovinis
- 2Nd Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital Laiko, Athens, Greece
| | - Myrto D. Keramida
- 2Nd Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital Laiko, Athens, Greece
| | - Francesk Mulita
- Department of Surgery, General University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Michail Vailas
- Department of Surgery, General University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Omer Yalkin
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastroenterological Surgery, Bursa City Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Nidal Iflazoglu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastroenterological Surgery, Bursa City Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Direnc Yigit
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastroenterological Surgery, Bursa City Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Oussama Baraket
- Department of General Surgery, Habib Bougatfa Hospital, University Tunis El Manar, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Karim Ayed
- Department of General Surgery, Habib Bougatfa Hospital, University Tunis El Manar, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed hedi Ghalloussi
- Department of General Surgery, Habib Bougatfa Hospital, University Tunis El Manar, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Parmenion Patias
- 2nd Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Athens “G.Gennimatas”, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Ntokos
- 2nd Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Athens “G.Gennimatas”, Athens, Greece
| | - Razrim Rahim
- Department of Surgery, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Miklosh Bala
- Department of General Surgery and Trauma, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Asaf Kedar
- Department of General Surgery and Trauma, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Anna Trinh
- Western Michigan University School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, USA
| | - Kelsey Miller
- Western Michigan University School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, USA
| | | | - Ruslan Knut
- Regional Emergency Hospital, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Zeynep Ozkan
- General Surgery Clinic, Elazig Fethi Sekin City Hospital, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Saleh Abdel Kader
- Egypt and NMC Specialty Hospital Al Ain, Ain Shams University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Monika Gureh
- Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sara Saeidi
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Aliakbarian
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amin Dalili
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tomohisa Shoko
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Acute Care Surgery Center, Adachi Medical Center, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Kojima
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Acute Care Surgery Center, Adachi Medical Center, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Raira Nakamoto
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Acute Care Surgery Center, Adachi Medical Center, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Semra Demirli Atici
- Department of General Surgery, University of Health Sciences Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gizem Kilinc Tuncer
- Department of General Surgery, University of Health Sciences Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Kaya
- Department of General Surgery, University of Health Sciences Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Stefano Rossi
- Department of General and Emergency Surgery, San Filippo Neri Hospital, ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Biagio Picardi
- Department of General and Emergency Surgery, San Filippo Neri Hospital, ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Rossi del Monte
- Department of General and Emergency Surgery, San Filippo Neri Hospital, ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Tania Triantafyllou
- Department of Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital of Athens, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Theodorou
- Department of Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital of Athens, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Tadeja Pintar
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jure Salobir
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Nikolaos Tasis
- Vasileios Acheimastos, Athens Naval and Veterans Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Orestis Ioannidis
- 4Th Department of Surgery, Medical School Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital “George Papanikolaou”, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lydia Loutzidou
- 4Th Department of Surgery, Medical School Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital “George Papanikolaou”, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Savvas Symeonidis
- 4Th Department of Surgery, Medical School Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital “George Papanikolaou”, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Tiago Correia de Sá
- General Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar Do Tâmega e Sousa Penafiel, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Mónica Rocha
- General Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar Do Tâmega e Sousa Penafiel, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Tommaso Guagni
- Department of general surgery, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Desiré Pantalone
- Department of general surgery, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Gherardo Maltinti
- Department of general surgery, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Wafaa Abdel-elsalam
- Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Basma Ghoneim
- Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - José Antonio López-Ruiz
- Angeles Gil-Olarte, Estela Romero-Vargas, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - Yasin Kara
- General Surgery Clinic Health Sciences University Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Syaza Zainudin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen Elisabeth Hospital, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Firdaus Hayati
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen Elisabeth Hospital, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Nornazirah Azizan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen Elisabeth Hospital, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Victoria Tan Phooi Khei
- Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Rebecca Choy Xin Yi
- Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Harivinthan Sellappan
- Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Ana Tvaladze
- N.Kipshidze Central University Hospital, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Caterina Froiio
- IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Bonavina
- IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Angeles Gil-Olarte
- Angeles Gil-Olarte, Estela Romero-Vargas, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - Sebastiano Grassia
- General Surgery Unit, S. Leonardo Hospital, Castellammare Di Stabia, Naples, Italy
| | - Estela Romero-Vargas
- Angeles Gil-Olarte, Estela Romero-Vargas, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - Francesco Bianco
- General Surgery Unit, S. Leonardo Hospital, Castellammare Di Stabia, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrew A. Gumbs
- Department of Emergency, Digestive and Metabolic Minimally Invasive Surgery, Poissy and Saint Germain en Laye Hospitals, Poissy, France
| | - Agron Dogjani
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Ferdinando Agresta
- Department of General Surgery, AULSS2 Trevigiana del Veneto, Ospedale di Vittorio Veneto, Vittorio Veneto, TV Italy
| | - Andrey Litvin
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Regional Clinical Hospital, Kalingrad, Russia
| | - Zsolt J. Balogh
- Department of Traumatology, John Hunter Hospital and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia
| | - George Gendrikson
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Regional Clinical Hospital, Kalingrad, Russia
| | - Costanza Martino
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Umberto I Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Lugo, Italy
| | - Dimitrios Damaskos
- Department of General and Emergency Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nikolaos Pararas
- Department of General Surgery, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Hospital, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrew Kirkpatrick
- General, Acute Care, Abdominal Wall Reconstruction, and Trauma Surgery, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Mikhail Kurtenkov
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Regional Clinical Hospital, Kalingrad, Russia
| | - Felipe Couto Gomes
- Faculdade de Ciência Médicas e da Saúde de Juiz de Fora, Hospital Universitario Terezinha de Jesus (SUPREMA), Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Adolfo Pisanu
- Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Oreste Nardello
- Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Hager Aref
- Department of Emergency, Digestive and Metabolic Minimally Invasive Surgery, Poissy and Saint Germain en Laye Hospitals, Poissy, France
| | - Nicola de’ Angelis
- Unit of Digestive and HPB Surgery, CARE Department, Henri Mondor Hospital and University Paris-Est, Creteil, France
| | - Vanni Agnoletti
- Department of General and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
| | - Antonio Biondi
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Vacante
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Griggio
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Roberta Tutino
- Chirurgia 1; Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche , Oncologiche e Stomatologiche (DI.CHIR.ON.S), Ospedale “Ca’Foncell”; Univerità degli studi di Palermo, Treviso; Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Massani
- Chirurgia 1; Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche , Oncologiche e Stomatologiche (DI.CHIR.ON.S), Ospedale “Ca’Foncell”; Univerità degli studi di Palermo, Treviso; Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bisetto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Gastroenterologica (DI.SC.O.G.), Chirurgia 1-Ospedale “Ca Foncello”- Treviso, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Savino Occhionorelli
- Department of General Surgery, Arcispedale Sant’Anna-University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Dario Andreotti
- Department of General Surgery, Arcispedale Sant’Anna-University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Domenico Lacavalla
- Department of General Surgery, Arcispedale Sant’Anna-University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Walter L. Biffl
- Department of Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Scripps Clinic Medical Group, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Fausto Catena
- Department of General and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
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