Popescu FD, Vieru M. Precision medicine allergy immunoassay methods for assessing immunoglobulin E sensitization to aeroallergen molecules. World J Methodol 2018; 8(3): 17-36 [PMID: 30519536 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v8.i3.17]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Florin-Dan Popescu, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Chief Doctor, Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, “Nicolae Malaxa” Clinical Hospital, Sos Vergului 12, Sector 2, Bucharest 022441, Romania. florindanpopescu@ymail.com
Research Domain of This Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Article-Type of This Article
Editorial
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Cysteine-protease, cleavage of regulatory IgE synthesis CD23, CD25 Midgut (colon, intercolon, postcolon) and mite fecal pellets Group 1 major mite allergen, CR with nDer f 1
rDer p 2 nDer p 2 rEur m 2
Functional homologue of adaptor MD-2, TLR4 coreceptor Midgut (ventriculus, paired caeca), male reproductive tract, fecal pellets Group 2 major mite allergen, NPC2 family, CR Der p 2, Der f 2, homologue Lep d 2
rDer p 4
Group 4 major mite allergen
rDer p 5
Group 5 major mite allergen, homologue rBlo t 5
rDer p 7
LPS-binding protein, stimulation TLR2, group 7 mite allergen
rDer p 9
Serine protease, group 9 mite allergen
rDer p 10
Invertebrate panallergen tropomyosin muscular protein from mite locomotory muscles Group 10 CR mite allergen, invertebrate panallergen CR rAni s 3, nBla g 7, rPer a 7, rPen a 1, Pen m 1, Lit v 1, Hel as 1, Ven g 1, Uro du 1 Involved in house dust mites-crustaceans-mollusks syndrome
rDer p 11
Paramyosin, major allergen
rDer p 14
Apolipophorin-like allergen, lipid transport particles
rDer p 15 rDer p 18
Chitinase-like allergens
nDer p 20
Arginine kinase, CR shrimp Penaeus monodon Pen m 2
rDer p 21
Group 21 mite allergen, gut and fecal particles
rDer p 23
Peritrophin-like protein (8 kDa), group 23 mite major allergen Peritrophic lining of mite gut, fecal pellets
Storage mites (Glycyphagus domesticus, etc.)
rGly d 2
Group 2 mite allergens, NPC2 protein CR Lep d 2, homologue Der p 2 (limited CR)
Table 3 Allergen molecules of domestic insect pest origin1 used in singleplex and multiplex immunoassays[9,74,104]
Fungal beta-barrel protein, detected in spores before germination
Involvement in Alternaria-spinach syndrome
rAlt a 6
Fungal enolase, panallergen CR Cla h 6, Asp f 22, Pen c 22
rCla h 8
Fungal mannitol dehydrogenase, major allergen, CR Alt a 8
rAsp f 1
Fungal ribotoxin, specific major allergen, member of the mitogillin family
Not present in spores, but produced after germination and growth
Genuine exposure and IgE sensitization to A. fumigatus germinated in the respiratory tract
rAsp f 2
Species-specific allergen component, with high frequency of sensitization among patients affected by ABPA
rAsp f 3 rAsp f 4
Fungal peroxisomal protein, CR Pen c 3
Fungal protein, highly specific allergen
With high frequency of sensitization among ABPA patients
rAsp f 6
Fungal Mn-SOD, CR Alt a 14, Mala s 11
Table 6 Main species-specific allergen molecules of pollen origin1 used in singleplex and multiplex immunoassays[9,74,93]
Plant source
Allergenic molecule
Biological function, comments
Specific allergen components of tree pollen origin (birch Betula verrucosa, olive tree Olea europaea, plane tree Platanus acerifolia, cypress Cupressus arizonica, etc.)
Betulaceae family
rBet v 1
PR-10 protein, heat sensitive
CR with Bet v 1-like proteins Cor a 1, Mal d 1
Involved in birch-hazelnuts-Rosaceae fruit syndrome
Oleaceae family
rOle e 1
Trypsin inhibitor
Platanaceae family
rPla a 1
Invertase inhibitor
nPla a 2
Polygalacturonase
Cupressaceae family
nCup a 1
Pectate lyase
Specific allergen components of grass pollen origin (Timothy grass: Phleum pratense, Bermuda grass: Cynodon dactylon, etc.)
Poaceae family
rPhl p 1
Beta-expansin
Pooideae subfamily
rPhl p 5
Ribonuclease;
other allergen molecules: rPhl p 2, rPhl p 6
Chloridoideae subfamily nCyn d 1 Beta-expansin
Specific allergen components of weed pollen origin (mugwort Artemisia vulgaris, ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Pellitory Parietaria judaica, plantain Plantago lanceolata, saltwort Salsola kali, goosefoot Chenopodium album, etc.)
Asteraceae family
nArt v 1
Defensin-like protein
nAmb a 1
Pectat lyase, CR Art v 6
Urticaceae family
rPar j 2
Lipid transfer protein
Plantaginaceae family
rPla l 1
Trypsin inhibitor Ole e 1-like protein
Amaranthaceae/Chenopodiaceae family
nSal k 1
Pectin methylesterase
rChe a 1
Trypsin inhibitor
Ole e 1-like protein
Table 7 Cross-reactive allergen components of pollen origin1 used in singleplex and multiplex immunoassays[9,74]
Allergen molecule
Biological function, comments, CR
Polcalcins
rPhl p 7
Calcium-binding protein, polcalcin biomarker
Minor allergen CR with other polcalcins contained in pollen grains:
grasses: Pooideae and non-Pooideae, e.g., Bermuda grass (Cyn d 7)
trees: e.g., birch (Bet v 3), alder (Aln g 4), olive (Ole e 3), juniper (Jun o 4)
weeds: e.g., mugwort (Art v 5), short ragweed (Amb a 10)
rBet v 4
Polcalcin, which contains only two calcium-binding domains
(vs Bet v 3, which contains three calcium-binding domains)
Polcalcin biomarker
Non-specific lipid transfer proteins
nArt v 3
PR-14 protein, CR with peach Pru p 3 from, hazelnut Cor a 8
Involved in mugwort-peach association, Asteraceae-hazelnut association
nOle e 7
PR-14 protein, CR with peach Pru p 3, pear Pyr c 3, melon Cuc m LTP, kiwifruit Act d 10,
Involved in olive pollen-fruit syndrome
rPla a 3
PR-14 protein, CR with hazelnut Cor a 8, banana Mus a 3, celery Api g 2
Involved in Platanus pollen-fruit/vegetables association
Profilins
rPhl p 12
Plant panallergen actin-binding protein (cytoskeleton dynamics)
Profilin biomarker with great sequence identity with other profilins
CR with profilins from:
grass pollen: Pooideae and non-Pooideae, e.g., Bermuda grass (Cyn d 12)
tree pollen: i.e., birch (Bet v 2), olive (Ole e 2), date palm (Pho d 2)
weed pollen: i.e., ragweed (Amb a 8) and mugwort (Art v 4); sunflower (Hel a 2)
CR with profilins in latex (Hev b 8) and exotic fruits, involved in pollen-latex-fruit syndrome:
profilins from ananas (Ana c 1), banana (Mus xp 1), kiwi (Act d 9) and olive pollen (Ole e 2)
CR with profilins from various plant foods:
profilin Art v 4 CR with Dau c 4, Api g 4, involvement in celery-mugwort-spice syndrome
profilin Amb a 8 CR with Cuc m 2, Mus xp 1, involved in ragweed-melon-banana association
rBet v 2
Cross-reactive biomarker, important for the profilin group
CR profilins in Apiaceae (Dau c 4, Api g 4)
Involvement in birch-Apiaceae vegetables association
Citation: Popescu FD, Vieru M. Precision medicine allergy immunoassay methods for assessing immunoglobulin E sensitization to aeroallergen molecules. World J Methodol 2018; 8(3): 17-36