Salivary glutathione peroxidase-1 levels in periodontitis

Table 1 Number of subjects and salivary glutathione peroxidase-1 concentration in each periodontal stage, n (%)

	Total (n = 143)	Salivary GPx-1 (pg/mL), median (P25-P75)	P value
			< 0.001
Periodontal health	86 (60.1)	1511 (887-2024)
Periodontitis stage I	16 (11.2)	1154 (358-1333)
Periodontitis stage II	23 (16.1)	978 (645-1457)
Periodontitis stage III	13 (9.1)	629 (292-1128)
Periodontitis stage IV	5 (3.5)	435 (62-768)

GPx-1: Glutathione peroxidase-1.

Table 2 Comparisons between subjects without and with periodontitis, n (%)

	Subjects without periodontitis (n = 86)	Subjects with periodontitis (n = 57)	P value
Gender female	64 (74.4)	36 (63.2)	0.19
Age (years) - median (P25-P75)	35 (20-43)	59 (51-68)	< 0.001
Arterial hypertension	4 (4.7)	17 (29.8)	< 0.001
Cardiovascular disease	0	4 (7.0)	0.02
Hypercholesterolemia	2 (2.3)	2 (3.5)	0.99
Diabetes mellitus	0	3 (5.3)	0.06
Rheumatoid arthritis	1 (1.2)	3 (5.3)	0.30
Metrotexate for rheumatoid arthritis	1 (1.2)	0	0.99
Immunosupressive therapy	1 (1.2)	1 (1.8)	0.99
Radiotherapy	0	1 (1.8)	0.40
Body mass index (kg/m2) - median (P25-P75)	24.6 (22.4-26.6)	24.8 (22.5-27.6)	0.66
Obesity	11 (12.8)	8 (14.0)	0.99
Never smoker	68 (79.1)	25 (43.9)	< 0.001
Coffee	66 (76.7)	50 (87.7)	0.13
Tea	22 (25.6)	3 (5.3)	0.001
Alcohol	34 (39.5)	30 (52.6)	0.17
Salivary GPx-1 levels (pg/mL) - median (P25-P75)	1511 (887-2024)	924 (324-1252)	< 0.001
Salivary GPx-1 levels < 1214 pg/mL	26 (30.2)	42 (73.7)	< 0.001

GPx-1: Glutathione peroxidase-1.

Table 3 Multiple logistic regression analysis to determine that factors are associated with periodontitis

	Odds ratio	95%CI	P value
Age (years)	1.10	1.062-1.134	< 0.001
Salivary GPx-1 levels < 1214 pg/mL	6.25	2.844-13.717	< 0.001
Never smoker (yes vs non)	0.84	0.371-1.882	0.66
Arterial hypertension (yes vs non)	1.60	0.650-3.927	0.31
Tea consumption (yes vs non)	0.56	0.133-2.342	0.43
Gender (female vs male)	0.84	0.374-1.873	0.67

GPx-1: Glutathione peroxidase-1.

Table 4 Number of subjects and salivary glutathione peroxidase-1 concentration in each periodontal stage, n (%) in the subjects matched for age and sex

	Total (n = 60)	Salivary GPx-1 (pg/mL), median (P25-75)	P value
			0.01
Periodontal health	30 (50.0)	1471 (856-2009)
Periodontitis stage I	12 (20.0)	1188 (359-1490)
Periodontitis stage II	12 (20.0)	1096 (372-1463)
Periodontitis stage III	5 (8.3)	304 (164-1128)
Periodontitis stage IV	1 (1.7)	44 (-)

GPx-1: Glutathione peroxidase-1.

Table 5 Comparisons between subjects without and with periodontitis, n (%) in the subjects matched for age and sex

	Subjects without periodontitis (n = 30)	Subjects with periodontitis (n = 30)	P value
Gender female	20 (66.7)	20 (66.7)	0.99
Age (years) - median (P25-P75)	52 (44-61)	51 (46-58)	0.83
Arterial hypertension	4 (13.3)	5 (16.7)	0.99
Cardiovascular disease	0	1 (3.3)	0.99
Hypercholesterolemia	2 (6.7)	0	0.49
Diabetes mellitus	0	0	0.99
Rheumatoid arthritis	0	1 (3.3)	0.99
Metrotexate for rheumatoid arthritis	0	0	0.99
Immunosupressive therapy	0	0	0.99
Radiotherapy	0	0	0.99
Body mass index (kg/m2) - median (P25-P75)	24.6 (23.3-27.1)	24.9 (23.0-27.9)	0.91
Obesity	4 (13.3)	5 (16.7)	0.99
Never smoker	20 (66.7)	18 (60.0)	0.79
Coffee	28 (93.3)	25 (83.3)	0.42
Tea	4 (13.3)	3 (10.0)	0.99
Alcohols	12 (40.0)	14 (46.7)	0.80
Salivary GPx-1 levels (pg/mL) - median (P25-P75)	1471 (856-2009)	1092 (297-1399)	0.002
Salivary GPx-1 levels < 1214 pg/mL	9 (30.0)	19 (63.3)	0.02

GPx-1: Glutathione peroxidase-1.

Table 6 Multiple logistic regression analysis to determine that factors are associated with periodontitis in the subjects matched for age and sex

	Odds ratio	95%CI	P value
Salivary GPx-1 levels < 1214 pg/mL	4.55	1.413-14.623	0.01
Never smoker (yes vs non)	1.09	0.340-3.478	0.89
Body mass index (kg/m2)	1.05	0.917-1.190	0.51

GPx-1: Glutathione peroxidase-1.