Present status and future directions: Soft tissue management in prosthodontics

Figure 1 Classification of gingival tissue retraction. A: The classification of surgical and non-surgical gingival tissue retraction; B: The classification of conventional and radical gingival tissue retraction; C: The classification of gingival tissue retraction methods.

Figure 2 Gum protector and copper band. A: The gingival protector; B: The copper band.

Figure 3 Rubber dam and anatomic retraction cap. A: The role of the rubber dam in fixed bridge isolation; B: The anatomic retraction cap.

Figure 4  The types of retraction cord.

Figure 5 Characteristics of different retraction cords. A: The braided cord; B: The knitted cord; C: The twisted cord; D: The stay-put retraction cord.

Figure 6  The chemicals used for tissue retraction.

Figure 7 Instruments. A: The cord-packing instruments; B: The magic foam cord; C: The Expasyl; D: The Merocel; E: The GingiTrac; F: The retraction capsule.