©The Author(s) 2015. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Methodol. Sep 26, 2015; 5(3): 144-148
Published online Sep 26, 2015. doi: 10.5662/wjm.v5.i3.144
Published online Sep 26, 2015. doi: 10.5662/wjm.v5.i3.144
Lamb’s head: The model for novice education in endoscopic sinus surgery
Neven Skitarelić, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, General Hospital Zadar, Department of Health Studies, University of Zadar, 23000 Zadar, Croatia
Ranko Mladina, Department for Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 1000 Zagreb, Croatia
Author contributions: Skitarelić N and Mladina R made substantial contributions with respect to the conception and design, acquisition of data and analysis and interpretation of data, drafting the article and revising it critically for important intellectual content, and approving the final version to be published.
Conflict-of-interest statement: None to declare.
Correspondence to: Neven Skitarelić, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck surgery, General Hospital Zadar, Department of Health Studies, University of Zadar, Put Murvice 33, 23000 Zadar, Croatia. neven.skitarelic@zd.t-com.hr
Telephone: +385-23-505178 Fax: +385-23-312724
Received: April 22, 2015
Peer-review started: May 11, 2015
First decision: June 9, 2015
Revised: August 11, 2015
Accepted: September 1, 2015
Article in press: September 2, 2015
Published online: September 26, 2015
Processing time: 146 Days and 21.1 Hours
Peer-review started: May 11, 2015
First decision: June 9, 2015
Revised: August 11, 2015
Accepted: September 1, 2015
Article in press: September 2, 2015
Published online: September 26, 2015
Processing time: 146 Days and 21.1 Hours
Core Tip
Core tip: Structured training in endonasal endoscopic sinus surgery (EESS) and skull base surgery is essential considering serious potential complications. We have developed a detailed concept on training these surgical skills on the lamb’s head. This simple and extremely cheap model offers the possibility of training even more demanding and advanced procedures in human EESS such as: frontal sinus surgery, orbital decompression, cerebrospinal fluid-leak repair followed also by the naso-septal flap, etc. Unfortunately, the sphenoid sinus surgery cannot be practiced since quadrupeds do not have this sinus. Still, despite this morphological limitation, it seems that the lamb’s head can be very useful model.