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World J Methodol. Sep 20, 2026; 16(3): 121456
Published online Sep 20, 2026. doi: 10.5662/wjm.121456
Published online Sep 20, 2026. doi: 10.5662/wjm.121456
Precision management of gastrointestinal tumor-associated osteoporosis driven by cutting-edge technologies: Current status, challenges, and future prospects
Peng Wang, Dong Li, Zhen Shi, Yu-Hua Ruan, Chang-Jiang Zhang, Zhi-Peng Li, Second Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
Peng Wang, Dong Li, Zhen Shi, Chang-Jiang Zhang, Zhi-Peng Li, Henan Provincial Key Discipline of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
Jin-Ke Sun, Dong-Fang Jin, Sheng-Fan Huang, Third Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
Peng-Yu Lu, First Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
Wen-Ting Li, Department of Endocrinology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital; Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
Meng-Di Shi, The Second Ward of the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
Zhan-Hao Ma, Zi-Hao Wang, Li-Yuan Hu, Department of Surgery of Spine and Spinal Cord, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
Meng-En Xue, Spine and Spinal Cord Surgery Ward I, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
Chang-Jiang Zhang, Zhi-Peng Li, Tianjian Advanced Biomedical Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
Co-first authors: Peng Wang and Jin-Ke Sun.
Co-corresponding authors: Chang-Jiang Zhang and Zhi-Peng Li.
Author contributions: Wang P and Sun JK contributed to conceptualization and writing of the original draft, have made crucial and indispensable contributions towards the completion of the project and thus qualified as the co-first authors of the paper; Li D and Shi Z contributed to formal analysis and data validation; Lu PY, Jin DF, and Huang SF contributed to methodology and investigation; Ruan YH, Li WT, and Shi MD contributed to literature review, reference checking, and figure preparation; Ma ZH, Wang ZH, Hu LY, and Xue ME contributed to data collection, manuscript editing, and visualization support; Zhang CJ and Li ZP contributed to supervision, project administration, reviewing, editing, and final approval of the manuscript, have played important and indispensable roles in the manuscript preparation as the co-corresponding authors; all authors participated in drafting the manuscript and have read, contributed to, and approved the final version of the manuscript.
AI contribution statement: AI-assisted tools were used only for language polishing, grammar correction, and improvement of readability during the preparation of this manuscript. No portion of the main scientific content, including the Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, and Conclusion, was generated by AI. No AI tool participated in the study design, literature interpretation, data analysis, formulation of conclusions, or scientific decision-making. All authors carefully reviewed and verified the accuracy, integrity, and originality of the manuscript and take full responsibility for its content. All figures and images in this manuscript are original and were prepared by the authors; no AI tool was used to generate any image, figure, or scientific illustration.
Supported by Key Scientific Research Projects of Colleges and University in Henan Province, No. 26A320038; Henan Province Medical Science and Technology Research Plan Project (joint construction), No. LHGJ20250403, No. LHGJ20220566, and No. LHGJ20240365; Key Research and Development Program of Henan Province, No. 231111311000; and Medical Education Research Project in Henan Province, No. WJLX2023079.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest related to this manuscript.
Corresponding author: Zhi-Peng Li, MD, PhD, Second Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 3 Kangfuqian Street, Erqi District, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China. lzpzhonghong@126.com
Received: March 25, 2026
Revised: April 28, 2026
Accepted: May 20, 2026
Published online: September 20, 2026
Processing time: 107 Days and 19 Hours
Revised: April 28, 2026
Accepted: May 20, 2026
Published online: September 20, 2026
Processing time: 107 Days and 19 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Gastrointestinal tumor-associated osteoporosis (GTO) is an underrecognized complication that compromises quality of life, treatment adherence, and long-term prognosis. This review highlights how artificial intelligence (AI), bone-targeted nanodelivery, and multiomics are reshaping GTO management from empirical intervention to precision medicine. AI enables opportunistic screening and risk stratification, nanotechnology improves targeted bone protection, and multiomics reveals mechanisms across the tumor-bone-gut axis. The article also addresses key translational barriers, including limited model generalizability, nanomedicine safety, data standardization, and multidisciplinary coordination, and outlines future directions for integrated precision management.