Brief Article
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World J Methodol. Jun 26, 2013; 3(2): 19-26
Published online Jun 26, 2013. doi: 10.5662/wjm.v3.i2.19
Effect of low level laser therapy on dental pulp during orthodontic movement
Ángela Domínguez, Rosa Emilia Ballesteros, Jairo Hernán Viáfara, Oscar Mario Tamayo
Ángela Domínguez, Rosa Emilia Ballesteros, Jairo Hernán Viáfara, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali 76001000, Colombia
Oscar Mario Tamayo, Histology and Anatomy, Medicine Department, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali 76001000, Colombia
Author contributions: Domínguez Á designed the study, performed the majority of experiments and edited the manuscript; Tamayo OM, author of the decalcification process applied in this study, prepared and processed the histological specimens; Ballesteros RE and Viáfara JH contributed to data recollection, results analysis and writing of the manuscript.
Correspondence to: Ángela Domínguez, DDS, Orthodontist, Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad del Valle, Calle 4B No 36-00, Cali 76001000 Colombia. angela.dominguezc@gmail.com
Telephone: +57-2-3212100 Fax: +57-2-3169450
Received: May 2, 2013
Revised: June 4, 2013
Accepted: June 12, 2013
Published online: June 26, 2013
Abstract

AIM: To validate the protocol described here to be used in future clinical trials related to the effect of laser therapy on dental pulp.

METHODS: Histologically treated samples from eight human healthy premolar teeth obtained from the middle root level were distributed in four groups: group 1 (G1) absolute control; group 2 (G2) only laser irradiation; group 3 (G3) exposed only to orthodontics; and group 4 (G4) treated with orthodontics and laser. Laser treatment was performed at 830 nm wavelength, 100 mW (energy 80 J/cm2, 2.2 J), for 22 s in the vestibular surface and 22 s in the palatal surface, 1 mm away from the dental root mucosa. Three staining methods were performed: hematoxylin-eosin (HE), Masson’s Trichrome method and Gomori’s method.

RESULTS: The pulp histology parameters were evaluated and the results classified in to 3 parts: an inflammatory response, soft tissue response (dental pulp) and hard tissue response (dentin and predentin). There was no inflammation (chronic or acute) in any of the evaluated groups. The zones of pulp necrosis were found in one premolar of G3 and in one of G4; in groups G2 and G4 there was higher angiogenesis than in the other two groups. G4 group presented the highest level of vascularization. A reduced nerve density was observed in G3. A G2 specimen showed increased nerve density. A higher rate of calcification was observed in G1 compared to G2. Denticles, either real or false, were observed in G1, G2 and G3. Sclerosis of dentin and focal dentin loss was observed among all the groups. Secondary dentin was present in one sample in G1 and G2. A necrosis zone was found in one sample of G3 and G4. No differences between groups were observed in the odontoblast irregularity layer but the layer was wider in the group treated with laser only. A notable difference was detected in reduction of the cell-free layer between the groups G1 and G4. The findings in pulp tissue favor its adaptative response against dental movement induced by orthodontics. No definitive conclusions may be derived as this is a pilot study.

CONCLUSION: The protocol described here was shown to be an effective method to evaluate changes in dental pulp submitted to low level laser in teeth under orthodontic movement.

Keywords: Low level laser therapy; Pulpal; Orthodontic movement; Histological protocol; Dentin