Systematic Reviews
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Methodol. Jun 20, 2024; 14(2): 94562
Published online Jun 20, 2024. doi: 10.5662/wjm.v14.i2.94562
Non-enzymatic methods for isolation of stromal vascular fraction and adipose-derived stem cells: A systematic review
Vamsi Krishna Mundluru, MJ Naidu, Ravi Teja Mundluru, Naveen Jeyaraman, Sathish Muthu, Swaminathan Ramasubramanian, Madhan Jeyaraman
Vamsi Krishna Mundluru, MJ Naidu, Ravi Teja Mundluru, Department of Orthopaedics, MJ Naidu Super Speciality Hospital, Vijayawada 520002, Andhra Pradesh, India
Vamsi Krishna Mundluru, MJ Naidu, Ravi Teja Mundluru, Naveen Jeyaraman, Madhan Jeyaraman, Department of Regenerative Medicine, StemC Clinics, Vijayawada 520002, Andhra Pradesh, India
Naveen Jeyaraman, Madhan Jeyaraman, Department of Orthopaedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
Naveen Jeyaraman, Sathish Muthu, Madhan Jeyaraman, Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore 641045, Tamil Nadu, India
Sathish Muthu, Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Karur 639004, Tamil Nadu, India
Sathish Muthu, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, Tamil Nadu, India
Swaminathan Ramasubramanian, Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Omandurar Government Estate, Chennai 600002, Tamil Nadu, India
Author contributions: Naidu M contributed to conceptualization; Mundluru VK, Mundluru RT, and Jeyaraman N contributed to data collection; Mundluru VK, Jeyaraman M, and Ramasubramanian S contributed to manuscript writing; Muthu S contributed to manuscript revision; Muthu S and Jeyaraman M contributed to proofreading; Jeyaraman M contributed to administration.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
PRISMA 2009 Checklist statement: The authors have read the PRISMA 2009 Checklist, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the PRISMA 2009 Checklist.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: Https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Madhan Jeyaraman, MS, PhD, Assistant Professor, Research Associate, Department of Orthopaedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India. madhanjeyaraman@gmail.com
Received: March 20, 2024
Revised: May 3, 2024
Accepted: May 30, 2024
Published online: June 20, 2024
Processing time: 85 Days and 22.9 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) have garnered substantial interest in regenerative medicine due to their potential to treat a wide range of conditions. Traditional enzymatic methods for isolating these cells face challenges such as high costs, lengthy processing time, and regu-latory complexities.

AIM

This systematic review aimed to assess the efficacy and practicality of non-enzymatic, mechanical methods for isolating SVF and ADSCs, comparing these to conventional enzymatic approaches.

METHODS

Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases. Studies were selected based on inclusion criteria focused on non-enzymatic isolation methods for SVF and ADSCs from adipose tissue. The risk of bias was assessed, and a qualitative synthesis of findings was performed due to the methodological heterogeneity of the included studies.

RESULTS

Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria, highlighting various mechanical techniques such as centrifugation, vortexing, and ultrasonic cavitation. The review identified significant variability in cell yield and viability, and the integrity of isolated cells across different non-enzymatic methods compared to enzymatic procedures. Despite some advantages of mechanical methods, including reduced processing time and avoidance of enzymatic reagents, the evidence suggests a need for optimization to match the cell quality and therapeutic efficacy achievable with enzymatic isolation.

CONCLUSION

Non-enzymatic, mechanical methods offer a promising alternative to enzymatic isolation of SVF and ADSCs, potentially simplifying the isolation process and reducing regulatory hurdles. However, further research is necessary to standardize these techniques and ensure consistent, high-quality cell yields for clinical applications. The development of efficient, safe, and reproducible non-enzymatic isolation methods could significantly advance the field of regenerative medicine.

Keywords: Adipose-derived stem cells; Stromal vascular fraction; Regenerative medicine; Non-enzymatic isolation; Mechanical separation techniques

Core Tip: This study highlights the superiority of non-enzymatic methods as alternatives for the isolation of stromal vascular fraction from adipose tissue. It emphasizes the necessity of standardizing these methods to ensure the procurement of consistent and high-quality cell yields suitable for a range of clinical applications.