Machine learning and deep neural network-based learning in osteoarthritis knee

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint is considered the commonest musculoskeletal condition leading to marked disability for patients residing in various regions around the globe. Application of machine learning (ML) in doing research regarding OA has brought about various clinical advances viz, OA being diagnosed at preliminary stages, prediction of chances of development of OA among the population, discovering various phenotypes of OA, calculating the severity in OA structure and also discovering people with slow and fast progression of disease pathology, etc. Various publications are available regarding machine learning methods for the early detection of osteoarthritis. The key features are detected by morphology, molecular architecture, and electrical and mechanical functions. In addition, this particular technique was utilized to assess non-interfering, non-ionizing, and in-vivo techniques using magnetic resonance imaging. ML is being utilized in OA, chiefly with the formulation of large cohorts viz, the OA Initiative, a cohort observational study, the Multi-centre Osteoarthritis Study, an observational, prospective longitudinal study and the Cohort Hip & Cohort Knee, an observational cohort prospective study of both hip and knee OA. Though ML has various contributions and enhancing applications, it remains an imminent field with high potential, also with its limitations. Many more studies are to be carried out to find more about the link between machine learning and knee osteoarthritis, which would help in the improvement of making decisions clinically, and expedite the necessary interventions.

Keywords: Osteoarthritis; Knee; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Deep neural network

Core Tip: Application of machine learning in research has various clinical advances viz, osteoarthritis (OA) knee being diagnosed at preliminary stages, prediction of development of OA, discovering various phenotypes. Large cohorts have been formulated viz, the OA Initiative, the Multi-centre Osteoarthritis Study and the Cohort Hip & Cohort Knee. Many studies are awaited to find about the link between ML and knee OA, which would improve making decisions clinically, and expedite the necessary interventions.