Published online Sep 20, 2023. doi: 10.5662/wjm.v13.i4.337
Peer-review started: April 7, 2023
First decision: May 15, 2023
Revised: July 18, 2023
Accepted: August 29, 2023
Article in press: August 29, 2023
Published online: September 20, 2023
Processing time: 167 Days and 3.8 Hours
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic unleashed a flood of untrustworthy information on social media platforms, resulting in the unfortunate consequence of expert scientists' opinions getting lost amidst the chaotic sea of misinformation. The question of how much influence these esteemed scientists hold on social media platforms remains elusive. To address this scientific quandary, we sought to explore the concept of the Kardashian index (K-index), a term introduced by Hall in 2014. This metric provides a rudimentary means of evaluating whether a physician scientist's popularity on social media aligns with their significant scientific contributions.
To evaluate if a Gastroenterologist physician's popularity on social media is at par with their scientific contributions (research articles and publications).
We conducted an extensive search to identify all gastroenterologists actively practicing and associated with the top 100 hospitals as reported by the United States News. We collected specific data on a sub-group including their names, affiliations, degrees, and sub-specializations. To gauge their social media popularity, we utilized the K-index calculation which is determined by dividing the actual number of Twitter followers by the number of researcher’s citations. The expected number of followers (F) is calculated using the formula F = 43.3 C ^ 0.32, where C represents the number of citations.
Physicians affiliated with the Mayo Clinic emerged as the most prominent presence on Twitter, constituting 16% of the total. They were followed closely by physicians from Mount Sinai Hospital (9%) and the University of Michigan Hospital (9%). Surprisingly, 76% of the physicians evaluated exhibited a low K-index, falling within the range of 0 to less than 2. This suggests that a significant number of highly influential physician-scientists are not receiving due recognition, as indicated by their relatively low number of followers. On the other hand, 24% of the physicians had an inflated K-index, exceeding 5, which positioned them as the "Kardashians”. These individuals enjoyed greater social media popularity than their actual scientific contributions. Interestingly, our analysis revealed no discernible association between sex and K-index (P value of 0.92).
In the gastroenterology field, our study estimated that a majority (76%) of highly researched physicians are undervalued despite their significant scientific contributions.
Core Tip: Twitter has become the most used social media by physicians to connect with colleagues and disseminate health information. People are prone to believing any information posted on social media to varying degrees. Thus, when do we consider this information factual and the truth? In our study, we used the Kardashian index to estimate whether the Twitter followers of the top 100 gastroenterologists are relatable to their scientific contributions in terms of citation of their scholarly works, and we found the majority of the gastroenterology physician scientists scored < 2 because of inactivity on Twitter and very low number of followers. We postulated that an avenue to mitigate the prevalence of misinformation on social media could emerge by involving a greater number of physician-scientists on this platform. Their engagement, coupled with the dissemination of their research discoveries could contribute significantly to this endeavour.