• Drug carriers
• Imaging contrast agents
• Integrated diagnosis and treatment
• Nanomaterials
• Oral cancer
• Therapeutic drugs

• Humans
• Mouth Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Mouth Neoplasms/therapy
• Mouth Neoplasms/drug therapy
• Nanostructures/therapeutic use
• Nanostructures/chemistry
• Drug Delivery Systems/methods
• Nanotechnology/methods
• Animals
• Contrast Media

• Long-term
• Oral cancer
• PM(2.5)
• PM(2.5) components
• Prognosis

• Humans
• Particulate Matter/analysis
• Particulate Matter/toxicity
• China/epidemiology
• Mouth Neoplasms/mortality
• Male
• Female
• Prognosis
• Middle Aged
• Prospective Studies
• Air Pollutants/analysis
• Air Pollutants/toxicity
• Environmental Exposure/adverse effects
• Aged
• Adult
• Proportional Hazards Models

• Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)
• epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)
• exosome

• Humans
• Exosomes/pathology
• Exosomes/metabolism
• Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/physiology
• Mouth Neoplasms/pathology
• Mouth Neoplasms/metabolism
• Tumor Microenvironment
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/pathology
• Signal Transduction
• Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
• Animals

• Breath analysis
• Cancer diagnosis
• Meta-analysis
• Systematic review
• Volatile organic compounds

• Humans
• Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis
• Breath Tests/methods
• Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Neoplasms/metabolism
• Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
• Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
• Sensitivity and Specificity

• 2D nanomaterials
• Biosensing
• Dental healthcare
• Drug delivery
• Nanoarchitectonics

• Biosensing Techniques/methods
• Nanostructures/chemistry
• Drug Delivery Systems
• Humans
• Surface Properties

• gastro-retentive delivery systems
• gastrointestinal cancer
• localized delivery
• stimuli-responsive nanomaterials

• Humans
• Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/drug therapy
• Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
• Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
• Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacokinetics
• Drug Delivery Systems/methods
• Animals
• Administration, Oral
• Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System/chemistry
• Nanomedicine/methods

• Health Services Accessibility
• Mass Screening
• PUBLIC HEALTH
• Primary Prevention

• Humans
• Taiwan/epidemiology
• Mouth Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Mouth Neoplasms/mortality
• Mouth Neoplasms/therapy
• Female
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Retrospective Studies
• Early Detection of Cancer/methods
• Early Detection of Cancer/statistics & numerical data
• Time-to-Treatment/statistics & numerical data
• Aged
• Delayed Diagnosis/statistics & numerical data
• Adult
• Neoplasm Staging
• Registries
• Treatment Delay

• Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan

• Adjunctive tool
• Oral
• Oral potentially malignant disorders
• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Systematic review

• OCTA
• angiography
• intraoral imaging
• optical coherence tomography
• oral microcirculation
• oral squamous cell carcinoma
• quantitative analysis

• Humans
• Deep Learning
• Optical Fibers
• Spectrum Analysis, Raman
• Mouth Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Diagnosis, Oral

• GDPs
• OC
• OPMD
• risk factors

• Humans
• Dentists
• General Practice, Dental/education
• Indonesia/epidemiology
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Professional Role
• Mouth Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Mouth Neoplasms/epidemiology
• Mouth Neoplasms/prevention & control

• Indonesian Endowment Fund for Education (LPDP)
• 109-2016 Australian Dental Research Foundation Inc

• FAP
• FN1
• MMP1
• ginsenoside C and Rg1
• molecular docking
• simulation

• Raman spectroscopy
• TNM classification
• histological diagnosis
• machine learning algorithm
• oral cancer

• Exosomes/metabolism
• Saliva/metabolism
• Proteins/metabolism
• RNA/metabolism
• Eye

• EY030028-04S1 NEI NIH HHS

• Bioanalytical sensor
• Biosensor
• Nanoparticles Oral cancer.

• biomarker
• exosome
• oral squamous cell carcinoma
• therapeutic resistance

• Crohn’s disease
• Head and neck cancer
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Oral cancer
• Ulcerative colitis

Early detection of oral cancer in low-resource settings necessitates a Point-of-Care screening tool that empowers Frontline-Health-Workers (FHW). This study was conducted to validate the accuracy of Convolutional-Neural-Network (CNN) enabled m(mobile)-Health device deployed with FHWs for delineation of suspicious oral lesions (malignant/potentially-malignant disorders). The effectiveness of the device was tested in tertiary-care hospitals and low-resource settings in India. The subjects were screened independently, either by FHWs alone or along with specialists. All the subjects were also remotely evaluated by oral cancer specialist/s. The program screened 5025 subjects (Images: 32,128) with 95% (n = 4728) having telediagnosis. Among the 16% (n = 752) assessed by onsite specialists, 20% (n = 102) underwent biopsy. Simple and complex CNN were integrated into the mobile phone and cloud respectively. The onsite specialist diagnosis showed a high sensitivity (94%), when compared to histology, while telediagnosis showed high accuracy in comparison with onsite specialists (sensitivity: 95%; specificity: 84%). FHWs, however, when compared with telediagnosis, identified suspicious lesions with less sensitivity (60%). Phone integrated, CNN (MobileNet) accurately delineated lesions (n = 1416; sensitivity: 82%) and Cloud-based CNN (VGG19) had higher accuracy (sensitivity: 87%) with tele-diagnosis as reference standard. The results of the study suggest that an automated mHealth-enabled, dual-image system is a useful triaging tool and empowers FHWs for oral cancer screening in low-resource settings.

Smoking and chewing tobacco are associated with numerous oral mucosal lesions and conditions, often leading to cancer progression.

To investigate the prevalence of precancerous lesions and conditions among the Indian population.

Systematic search was conducted for population or community-based observational epidemiological studies in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, IndMED, Google Scholar, reports of the WHO South-East Asia Region, MOHFW India reports, Science Citation Index, WHO Index Medicus of the South-East Asian Region, Reference Citation Analysis (https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com/) and Open Grey from the earliest available up to 31^st January 2022. The effect size was calculated for the prevalence of precancerous lesions and conditions.

One hundred sixty-two estimates from 130 studies yielded 52 high, 71 moderate, and seven low-quality studies from 823845. Point estimate based on cross-sectional studies for leukoplakia was 4.3% (95%CI: 4.0-4.6), oral submucous fibrosis was 2.7% (95%CI: 2.5-3.0), palatal lesions in reverse smokers and nicotine palatine were 5.8% (95%CI: 4.4-7.2), and Erythroplakia was 1.2% (95%CI: 0.7-1.7), and lichen planus was 1.1% (95%CI: 0.9-1.2). Amongst hospital-based studies, the pooled prevalence for Leukoplakia was 6.7% (95%CI: 6.0-7.3), oral submucous fibrosis was 4.5% (95%CI: 4.2-4.9), lichen planus was 7.5% (95%CI: 5.3-9.6), and erythroplakia was 2.5% (95%CI: 0.4-4.5), and palatal lesions in reverse smokers and nicotine palatini were 11.5% (95%CI: 8.0-15.0).

Precancerous lesions and conditions are prevailing problems among the Indian population. It is mainly due to tobacco use, the smokeless form of tobacco. The meta-analysis indicates that hospital-based studies have a higher effect size of 6.7% than community-based studies. Patients who have already developed this condition may be advised to reduce their exposure to the risk factor to prevent the condition from progressing further.

• Prevalence
• Pre-cancerous lesion
• Pre-cancerous condition
• India

Detecting early-stage oral cancer and precancerous lesions are critical to improving patient prognosis and quality of life after treatment. Photodynamic diagnosis using 5-aminolevulinic acid enables the detection of malignant lesions. This study aimed to improve the diagnostic accuracy of photodynamic diagnosis using an objective chromaticity analysis of fluorescence emitted from oral lesions. Sixty-seven patients with clinically suspicious oral cavity lesions underwent photodynamic diagnosis after topical application of 5-aminolevulinic acid solution, followed by imaging and histological evaluation of the lesions. Chromaticity red and green values were measured from the fluorescence images on the lesion, and the red-to-green ratio was calculated. The photodynamic diagnosis allowed for the visualization of oral cancer and high-risk dysplasia as red fluorescence. Compared to low-risk dysplasia and benign lesions, oral cancer and high-risk dysplasia areas had a significantly higher red value and red-to-green ratio. After setting the cutoff value, sensitivity and specificity were 83.3–88.7% and 83.3–83.9%, respectively, when discriminating between oral cancer or high-risk dysplasia and low-risk dysplasia or benign lesions. Photodynamic diagnosis combined with chromaticity analysis may be a valuable diagnostic tool for detecting oral lesions, with a high likelihood of malignant transformation.

Proper diagnosis plays a key role in the treatment and prognosis of all diseases. Although histopathological diagnosis is still known as the gold standard, final diagnosis becomes difficult unless precise clinical descriptions are obtained. So, this study aimed to evaluate the concordance of the clinical and histopathological diagnoses of all oral and maxillofacial biopsy specimens in a 12-year duration.

Archive files and clinical findings related to 3001 patients who had been referred to the Department of Oral Pathology during a 12-year period were reviewed. The recorded information in files included age, sex, lesion's location, clinical and histopathological diagnoses, and specialty of dentists.

Out of 3001 cases included and reviewed in this study, 2167 cases (72.2%) were consistent between clinical and histopathologic diagnoses. Age, sex, and clinician's specialty were indicated to have no significant effect on diagnosis (p values = 0.520, 0.310, 0.281, respectively), but location and type of lesion affected that (p values = 0.040 and 0.022, respectively). In regard to location, the highest concordance of clinical and histopathologic diagnoses was observed in mouth floor lesions, and the lowest one was in gingival mucosa. In terms of lesion category, the highest and the lowest concordance rates belonged to white and red lesions and pigmented lesions, respectively.

The results of the present study show that the consistency of clinical and histopathological diagnoses was three times more than their inconsistency, and the accuracy of the clinicians was largely acceptable.

• Mortality
• Multi-center data
• Oral malignant neoplasia
• Oral squamous cell carcinoma
• Premalignant condition
• Survival rate
• Syphilis

• cancer
• cancer stage
• flap
• function
• local
• oral
• quality of life
• surgical excision
• tongue
• tumor

This systematic review evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of conventional oral examination (COE) versus incisional or excisional biopsy for the diagnosis of malignant and/or dysplastic lesions in patients with clinically evident lesions. Searches were conducted across five electronic databases from inception to January 2020. Meta‐analyses were undertaken, where appropriate. Among 18 included studies, 14 studies were included in the meta‐analysis, giving summary estimates for COE of 71% sensitivity and 85% specificity for the diagnosis of dysplastic and/or malignant lesions. The pooled diagnostic accuracy of identifying malignant‐only lesions was reported in seven studies, giving a pooled estimate of 88% sensitivity and 81% specificity. Diagnostic accuracy of different types of dental/medical professionals in identifying dysplastic or malignant lesions gave varying estimates of sensitivity and specificity across three studies. Further research is needed to improve the diagnostic accuracy of COE for early detection of dysplastic and malignant oral lesions.

• biopsy
• conventional oral examination
• diagnostic accuracy
• oral cancer
• systematic review

• Apoptosis
• apoptotic index
• dysplasia
• oral squamous cell carcinoma

• biomarker
• long non-coding RNA
• microarray
• oral premalignant lesions
• oral squamous cell carcinoma

• autofluorescence
• oral cancer
• potentially malignant oral lesions

• Proteomic profiling
• biomarkers
• head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
• predictive model
• recurrence and metastasis

The early detection of oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders can facilitate minimum intervention and subsequent improvements in prognosis and quality of life after treatment. Recently, several non-invasive adjunctive fluorescence-based detection systems have improved the accuracy of detection and diagnosis of oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders. This article summarizes current knowledge about fluorescence-based diagnostic methods and discusses their benefits and drawbacks from a clinical viewpoint.

Oral health promotion and examinations have contributed to the early detection of oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders, leading to the adaptation of minimally invasive therapies and subsequent improvements in the prognosis/maintenance of the quality of life after treatments. However, the accurate detection of early-stage oral cancer and oral epithelial dysplasia is particularly difficult for conventional oral examinations because these lesions sometimes resemble benign lesions or healthy oral mucosa tissues. Although oral biopsy has been considered the gold standard for accurate diagnosis, it is deemed invasive for patients. For this reason, most clinicians are looking forward to the development of non-invasive diagnostic technologies to detect and distinguish between cancerous and benign lesions. To date, several non-invasive adjunctive fluorescence-based detection systems have improved the accuracy of the detection and diagnosis of oral mucosal lesions. Autofluorescence-based systems can detect lesions as a loss of autofluorescence through irradiation with blue-violet lights. Photodynamic diagnosis using 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA-PDD) shows the presence of very early oral cancers and oral epithelial dysplasia as a red fluorescent area. In this article, currently used fluorescence-based diagnostic methods are introduced and discussed from a clinical point of view.

• autofluorescence
• chemiluminescence
• fluorescence
• oral cancer
• oral epithelial dysplasia (OED)
• oral potentially malignancy disorders (OPMDs)
• photodynamic diagnosis (PDD)
• protoporphyrin IX

• Epithelial dysplasia
• Oral
• Potentially malignant lesions
• Squamous cell carcinoma

• Immunohistochemistry
• Ki-67 antigen
• Oral precancerous condition
• TP53 protein

• Formulation
• Gentian violet
• Orabase
• Oral potentially malignant disorder

Periodic clinical examination of the oral cavity is the mainstay for the early detection of oral cancers which can be further aided by screening individuals with high-risk factors that will identify candidates who should receive treatment to prevent cancer progression and reduce patient mortality. Among the diagnostic tools, in vivo staining is advocated as a simple, inexpensive and fairly sensitive method.

The present study involved the examination of fifty patients suspected of oral malignant or precancerous lesions by methylene blue staining. The results of methylene blue uptake were compared with a simultaneous biopsy of these lesions, while benign epithelial lesions were included as the negative subjects of screening.

The results revealed a sensitivity of 89%, a specificity of 91%, a positive predictive value of 97% and a negative predictive value of 73%.

We recommend that methylene blue staining is a useful diagnostic adjunct in a large, community-based oral cancer screening program for high-risk individuals.

• Methylene blue
• oral cancer
• oral precancer
• vital staining

• DNA repair system
• oral carcinoma
• squamous cell carcinoma

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
• Dental Care/economics
• Dental Care/statistics & numerical data
• Ethnicity
• Female
• Health Services/economics
• Health Services/statistics & numerical data
• Health Services Accessibility/economics
• Health Services Accessibility/statistics & numerical data
• Health Services Needs and Demand/statistics & numerical data
• Humans
• Insurance, Health/statistics & numerical data
• Logistic Models
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Oral Health/ethnology
• Oral Health/statistics & numerical data
• Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data
• Patient-Centered Care/statistics & numerical data
• Racial Groups
• Socioeconomic Factors
• United States/epidemiology
• Young Adult

• interleukin-17F
• mast cells
• prognosis
• squamous cell carcinoma
• tongue

Areca nut is widely consumed in many parts of the world, especially in South and Southeast Asia, where cardiovascular disease (CVD) is also a huge burden. Among the forms of CVD, acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Research has shown areca nut chewing to be associated with diabetes, hypertension, oropharyngeal and esophageal cancers, and CVD, but little is known about mortality and re-hospitalization secondary to ACS among areca nut users and non-users.

A prospective cohort was studied to quantify the effect of areca nut chewing on patients with newly diagnosed ACS by categorizing the study population into exposed and non-exposed groups according to baseline chewing status. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the associations of areca nut chewing with the risk of re-hospitalization and 30-day mortality secondary to ACS.

Of the 384 ACS patients, 49.5% (n=190) were areca users. During 1-month of follow-up, 20.3% (n=78) deaths and 25.1% (n=96) re-hospitalizations occurred. A higher risk of re-hospitalization was found (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29 to 3.27; p=0.002) in areca users than in non-users. Moreover, patients with severe disease were at a significantly higher risk of 30-day mortality (aHR, 2.77; 95% CI, 1.67 to 4.59; p<0.001) and re-hospitalization (aHR, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.73 to 4.26; p<0.001).

The 30-day re-hospitalization rate among ACS patients was found to be significantly higher in areca users and individuals with severe disease. These findings suggest that screening for a history of areca nut chewing may help to identify patients at a high risk for re-hospitalization due to secondary events.

• Acute coronary syndrome
• Areca nut
• Mortality
• Pakistan
• Re-hospitalization

The lack of information among the population regarding the existence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and the lack of attention and expertise in examining the oral cavity of dentists and clinicians still remain very worrying and could explain the high incidence of OSCC. The aim of this study is to evaluate the level of awareness of OSCC among 600 participants from Southern Italy.

A 13-question survey was prepared and distributed to 600 participants divided into two subgroups, the first one of 300 patients referring to the Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive, and Odontostomatological Sciences, University Federico II of Naples, for the treatment of dental pathologies, and the second one of 300 patients referring to the Department of Internal Medicine of the Second University of Naples for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Statistical analysis consisted in the calculation of percentages related to the answers given by patients. Comparison of percentages was after performed between the two subgroups.

Only 175 participants (29.1%) knew about the existence of pathologies which can affect the oral mucosa, and only 46 (7.6%) were aware that carcinoma can arise in the oral cavity; 345 (57,5%) stated that they had periodical dental visits, at least once a year but none of them stated they had a visit for the identification of oral carcinomas.

The data acquired must be taken into consideration to outline essential socio-healthcare educational projects on carcinoma and its risk factors, training programs to increase dentists and clinicians’ competences, and to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of oral carcinoma screening programs.

• Awareness
• dental education
• oral cancer
• oral squamous cell carcinoma
• prevention
• screening
• survey

• Early diagnosis
• Oral and oropharyngeal cancers
• Premalignant lesions
• Toluidine blue
• Vital staining