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World Journal of Nephrology
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2220-6124
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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Observational Study
Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Nephrol. Mar 25, 2026; 15(1): 115933
Published online Mar 25, 2026. doi: 10.5527/wjn.v15.i1.115933
Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics and relevant background of study population, median (interquartile rage)
n
%
Gender
    Female15344.1
    Male19455.9
Age65 (55-71)
    < 65 years17349.9
    65-79 years15745.2
    ≥ 80 years174.9
Relevant background
    AHT29484.7
    Cardiovascular disease114842.7
    Obesity11332 6
    AMI7321.0
    Smoking5616.1
Treatment
    SGLT2i29384.4
    RASSI21261.1
    GLP-17321.0
Finerenone dosage
    1019455.9
    2015344.1
1Cardiovascular disease: Nonfatal acute myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, heart failure, peripheral arterial disease.
AHT: Arterial hypertension; AMI: Acute myocardial infarction; SGLT2i: Sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitor; RASSI: Renin-angiotensin-system inhibitors; GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1.
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Table 2 Comparison of baseline and final paraclinical parameters in total sample and stratified by finerenone dosage, median (interquartile rage)
Baseline
Final
P value
General
    HbA1c7.6 (6.8-8.1)7.0 (6.5-7.9)0.0000
    eGFR39.0 (30.0-50.0)41.6 (27.0-52.0)0.7209
    ACR345 (189-760)81 (28-167)0.0000
    SBP143 (130-160)130 (120-140)0.0000
    DBP79 (70-82)73 (70-80)0.0000
    Potassium4.4 (4.1-4.7)4.7 (4.3-5.0)0.0000
Dosage 10
    HbA1c7.8 (7.0-8.1)7.2 (6.5-8.0)0.0002
    eGFR33 (28-43)30 (26-43)0.0104
    ACR430 (257-898)90 (24-186)0.0000
    SBP145 (135-160)130 (120-133)0.0000
    DBP80 (70-87)70 (65-80)0.0000
    Potassium4.5 (4.2-4.8)5.0 (4.6-5.2)0.0000
Dosage 20
    HbA1c7.3 (6.7-8.2)6.9 (6.5-7.5)0.0002
    eGFR46 (39-56)49 (42-58)0.3321
    ACR267 (153-383)78 (34-153)0.0000
    SBP140 (130-156)134 (122-144)0.0017
    DBP78 (70-80)75 (70-80)0.0048
    Potassium4.4 (4.0-4.6)4.4 (4.1-4.8)0.0098
HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin A1c; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACR: Albuminuria/creatinuria ratio; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure.
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Table 3 Comparison of baseline and final paraclinical parameters stratified by age range, median (interquartile rage)
Baseline
Final
P value
< 65 years
    HbA1c7.8 (6.9-8.3)7.1 (6.5-7.9)0.0000
    eGFR42 (30-50)44 (27-51)0.3656
    ACR352 (189-750)90 (29-194)0.0000
    SBP142 (130-160)130 (120-140)0.0000
    DBP78 (70-84)74 (70-80)0.0000
    Potassium4.4 (4.0-4.6)4.6 (4.3-5.0)0.0000
65-79 years
    HbA1c7.5 (6.7-8.1)7.0 (6.5-7.9)0.0027
    eGFR38 (29-49)40 (29-55)0.7439
    ACR327 (197-850)86 (33-150)0.0000
    SBP145 (134-160)130 (120-140)0.0000
    DBP80 (70-82)72 (70-80)0.0000
    Potassium4.4 (4.1-4.7)4.8 (4.4-5.0)0.0000
≥ 80 years
    HbA1c7.0 (6.4-7.7)6.9 (6.4-7.0)0.3292
    eGFR33 (30-50)32 (27-55)0.9365
    ACR297 (85-430)27 (23-125)0.0003
    SBP130 (124-150)120 (118-130)0.0928
    DBP77 (69-80)70 (64-80)0.4048
    Potassium4.5 (4.1-4.8)4.8 (4.5-5.1)0.0512
HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin A1c; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACR: Albuminuria/creatinuria ratio; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure.
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Table 4 Behavior of baseline paraclinical parameters stratified by drug use, median (interquartile rage)
Baseline
RASSI + SGLT2i (n = 151)
    HbA1c7.5 (6.8-8.1)
    eGFR44 (35-55)
    ACR288 (156-454)
    SBP142 (130-157)
    DBP79 (70-81)
    Potassium4.4 (4.1-4.6)
SGLT2i alone (n = 75)
    HbA1c7.8 (6.8-8.2)
    eGFR32 (28-40)
    ACR458 (270-900)
    SBP145 (130-150)
    DBP80 (70-86)
    Potassium4.4 (4.1-4.6)
GLP-1 + SGLT2i (n = 49)
    HbA1c 7.7 (7.0-8.1)
    eGFR32 (28-44)
    ACR644 (321-950)
    SBP145 (135-160)
    DBP75 (70-86)
    Potassium4.4 (4.0-4.7)
RASSI alone (n = 40)
    HbA1c 7.2 (6.6-8.0)
    eGFR46 (34-57)
    ACR266 (161-351)
    SBP145 (131-160)
    DBP79 (72-81)
    Potassium4.4 (4.0-4.8)
RASSI + GLP-1 + SGLT2i (n = 18)
    HbA1c 7.1 (6.7-9.0)
    eGFR45 (39-59)
    ACR289 (173-523)
    SBP144 (120-156)
    DBP77 (70-86)
    Potassium4.3 (4.0-4.6)
Finerenone alone (n = 8)
    HbA1c 7.5 (5.4-7.7)
    eGFR30 (25-55)
    ACR714 (300-1387)
    SBP133 (127-170)
    DBP78 (73-90)
    Potassium4.8 (4.3-5.0)
RASSI: Renin-angiotensin-system inhibitors; SGLT2i: Sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitor; GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin A1c; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACR: Albuminuria/creatinuria ratio; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure.
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Table 5 Clinical outcome of the overall sample and stratified by finerenone dosage, n (%)
All (n = 347)
Dosage 10 (n = 194)
Dosage 20 (n = 153)
P value
Required RRT10 (2.9)8 (4.1)2 (1.3)0.0800
Hyperkalemia44 (12.7)38 (19.6)6 (3.9)0.0000
Suspended treatment13 (3.8)11 (5.7)2 (1.3)0.0335
Suspended due to hyperkalemia4 (1.2)4 (2.1)0 (0.0)0.1333
RRT: Renal replacement therapy.
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Table 6 Heat map for stratifying cardiovascular risk according to glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria/creatinuria ratio in diabetic patients at baseline assessment, n (%)
CKD classificationACR
A1 (normal or average increase, < 30 mg/g)
A2 (moderate increase, 30-299 mg/g)
A3 (severe increase, ≥ 300 mg/g)
GFR categories (mL/minute/1.73 m2)G1Normal or high≥ 900 (0.0)13 (0.9)25 (1.5)3
G2Average decrease60-891 (0.3)115 (4.4)218 (5.3)3
G3Average to moderate decrease45-592 (0.6)243 (12.6)344 (12.9)3
G4Moderate to severe decrease30-440 (0.0)352 (15.2)384 (24.6)3
G5Severe decrease15-290 (0.0)326 (7.6)349 (14.3)3
G6Kidney failure< 150 (0.0)30 (0.0)30 (0.0)3
1Moderate risk.
2High risk.
3Vary high risk.
Severe target organ damage is defined as follows: (1) Estimated glomerular filtration rate < 45 mL/minute/1.73 m2 independent of albuminuria; (2) Albuminuria/creatinuria ratio > 300mg/g: (A3) independent of estimated glomerular filtration rate; (3) Estimated glomerular filtration rate 45-59 mL/minute/1.73 m2 with albuminuria/creatinuria ratio 30-300 mg/g (A2); and (4) Presence of microangiopathy in at least three locations [e.g., albuminuria (stage A2) retinopathy and neuropathy]. CKD: Chronic kidney disease; GFR: Glomerular filtration rate; ACR: Albuminuria/creatinuria ratio.
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Table 7 Heat map for stratifying cardiovascular risk according to glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria/creatinuria ratio in diabetic patients at 6-month assessment, n (%)
CKD classification
ACR
A1 (normal or average increase, < 30 mg/g)
A2 (moderate increase, 30-299 mg/g)
A3 (severe increase, ≥ 300 mg/g)
GFR categories (mL/minute/1.73 m2)G1Normal or high≥ 902 (0.6)14 (1.3)21 (0.3)3
G2Average decrease60-8911 (3.5)119 (6.1)25 (1.6)3
G3Average to moderate decrease45-599 (2.9)274 (23.6)310 (3.2)3
G4Moderate to severe decrease30-4418 (5.7)362 (19.7)35 (1.6)3
G5Severe decrease15-2940 (12.7)338 (12.1)316 (5.1)3
G6Kidney failure< 150 (0.0)30 (0.0)30 (0.0)3
1Moderate risk.
2High risk.
3Vary high risk.
Severe target organ damage is defined as follows: (1) Estimated glomerular filtration rate < 45 mL/minute/1.73 m2 independent of albuminuria; (2) Albuminuria/creatinuria ratio > 300mg/g: (A3) independent of estimated glomerular filtration rate; (3) Estimated glomerular filtration rate 45-59 mL/minute/1.73 m2 with albuminuria/creatinuria ratio 30-300 mg/g (A2); and (4) Presence of microangiopathy in at least three locations [e.g., albuminuria (stage A2) retinopathy and neuropathy]. CKD: Chronic kidney disease; GFR: Glomerular filtration rate; ACR: Albuminuria/creatinuria ratio.
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  • Citation: Arnedo RD, Polo VS, Garcia JB, Gutiérrez JF, Clason ER, Domínguez D, Rebutti GM, Mancia CM, López RT, Meza MR, López DT, Muñoz Zambrano JJ, Herrera EL, Dina-Batlle E, Terrones MC, de Moraes TP, Yánez TR, Osorio W, Cabeza AA, Rico-Fontalvo J. Efficacy and safety of finerenone in diabetic kidney disease: Latin American experience from FINDKDLATAM trial. World J Nephrol 2026; 15(1): 115933
  • URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-6124/full/v15/i1/115933.htm
  • DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5527/wjn.v15.i1.115933
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