Protective effects of cerium oxide on ibuprofen-induced renal injury in rats with ureteral obstruction

doi:10.5527/wjn.v15.i1.114142

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Mar 25, 2026 (publication date) through Mar 14, 2026

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World Journal of Nephrology

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2220-6124

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Nephrol. Mar 25, 2026; 15(1): 114142
Published online Mar 25, 2026. doi: 10.5527/wjn.v15.i1.114142

Table 1 Histopathological findings in the right (non-obstructed) kidney tissue by groups (mean ± SEM)

	Group C (n = 6)	Group UO (n = 6)	Group UOI (n = 6)	Group UOCO (n = 6)	Group UOICO (n = 6)	¹P value
Glomerular vacuolization	0.17 ± 0.17	1.00 ± 0.26^a	1.17 ± 0.17^a	0.50 ± 0.22^b	0.83 ± 0.17^a	0.012
Tubular dilatation	0.17 ± 0.17	1.17 ± 0.31^a	1.00 ± 0.00^a	0.50 ± 0.22	0.83 ± 0.31	0.037
Vascular vacuolization and hypertrophy	0.33 ± 0.21	1.00 ± 0.26	0.83 ± 0.17	0.50 ± 0.22	0.83 ± 0.31	0.289
Tubular cell degeneration and necrosis	0.33 ± 0.21	0.83 ± 0.17	0.83 ± 0.17	0.50 ± 0.22	0.67 ± 0.21	0.330
Bowman’s space dilatation	0.33 ± 0.21	0.83 ± 0.31	1.33 ± 0.21	0.83 ± 0.31	1.00 ± 0.37	0.209
Tubular hyaline casts	0.17 ± 0.17	0.83 ± 0.17	1.33 ± 0.33^a	0.50 ± 0.22^b	0.67 ± 0.21	0.020
Lymphocyte infiltration	0.33 ± 0.21	1.00 ± 0.37	1.33 ± 0.21	0.67 ± 0.21	0.83 ± 0.17	0.081
Tubular cell desquamation	0.33 ± 0.21	0.83 ± 0.31	1.33 ± 0.21^a	0.50 ± 0.22^b	0.83 ± 0.17	0.047

¹P: Kruskal-Wallis test, significance set at P < 0.05.

^aP < 0.05 vs group C.

^bP < 0.05 vs group UOI.

C: Control; UO: Unilateral ureteral obstruction; UOI: Unilateral ureteral obstruction + ibuprofen; UOCO: Unilateral ureteral obstruction + CeO₂; UOICO: Unilateral ureteral obstruction + ibuprofen + CeO₂.

Full Size Table

Table 2 Histopathological findings in the left (obstructed) kidney tissue according to groups (mean ± SEM)

	Group C (n = 6)	Group UO (n = 6)	Group UOI (n = 6)	Group UOCO (n = 6)	Group UOICO (n = 6)	¹P value
Glomerular vacuolization	0.17 ± 0.17	1.33 ± 0.21^a	1.50 ± 0.34^a	0.67 ± 0.21^b	1.00 ± 0.26^a	0.005
Tubular dilatation	0.33 ± 0.21	1.67 ± 0.33^a	1.83 ± 0.40^a	1.00 ± 0.26	1.67 ± 0.33^a	0.012
Vascular vacuolization and hypertrophy	0.33 ± 0.21	1.33 ± 0.21^a	1.83 ± 0.40^a	0.83 ± 0.17^b	1.17 ± 0.40	0.019
Tubular cell degeneration and necrosis	0.33 ± 0.21	1.33 ± 0.21^a	2.00 ± 0.37^a	1.17 ± 0.40	1.17 ± 0.31	0.017
Bowman’s space dilatation	0.33 ± 0.21	1.67 ± 0.33^a	1.83 ± 0.31^a	1.17 ± 0.31	1.50 ± 0.43^a	0.025
Tubular hyaline casts	0.33 ± 0.21	1.33 ± 0.33^a	2.00 ± 0.36^a	0.83 ± 0.31^b	1.17 ± 0.17	0.006
Lymphocyte infiltration	0.33 ± 0.21	1.17 ± 0.31	1.83 ± 0.40^a	1.17 ± 0.31	1.00 ± 0.26	0.033
Tubular cell desquamation	0.17 ± 0.17	1.00 ± 0.37^a	2.00 ± 0.45^a	0.83 ± 0.17^b	1.00 ± 0.00^a	0.002

¹P: Kruskal-Wallis test, significance set at P < 0.05.

^aP < 0.05 vs group C.

^bP < 0.05 vs group UOI.

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Table 3 Oxidant parameters in the groups (mean ± SEM)

	Group C (n = 6)	Group UO (n = 6)	Group UOI (n = 6)	Group UOCO (n = 6)	Group UOICO (n = 6)	¹P value
MDA (nmol/mg protein)	3.28 ± 1.52	17.33 ± 2.30^a	25.75 ± 6.24^a	14.72 ± 2.03^a^,^b	17.48 ± 0.83^a	0.001
NO (IU/mg protein)	6.40 ± 1.76	19.74 ± 2.73^a	27.02 ± 3.90^a	18.76 ± 3.76^a^,^b	24.57 ± 3.68^a	< 0.0001

¹P: Kruskal-Wallis test, significance set at P < 0.05.

^aP < 0.05 vs group C.

^bP < 0.05 vs group UOI.

MDA: Malondialdehyde; NO: Nitric oxide; C: Control; UO: Unilateral ureteral obstruction; UOI: Unilateral ureteral obstruction + ibuprofen; UOCO: Unilateral ureteral obstruction + CeO₂; UOICO: Unilateral ureteral obstruction + ibuprofen + CeO₂.

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Table 4 Serum urea and creatinine levels in rats with ureteral obstruction (mean ± SEM)

	Group C (n = 6)	Group UO (n = 6)	Group UOI (n = 6)	Group UOCO (n = 6)	Group UOICO (n = 6)	¹P value
Urea (mg/dL)	25.75 ± 1.74	40.52 ± 3.18^a	45.56 ± 4.75^a	38.33 ± 2.04^a	43.50 ± 3.61^a	0.009
Kreatinin (mg/dL)	0.39 ± 0.05	0.76 ± 0.11^a	1.00 ± 0.16^a	0.79 ± 0.08^a	0.91 ± 0.12^a	0.008

¹P: Kruskal-Wallis test, significance set at P < 0.05.

^aP < 0.05 vs group C.

Full Size Table

Citation: Toruk S, Babacan A, Arslan M, Şıvgın V, Sezen ŞC, Boyunağa H. Protective effects of cerium oxide on ibuprofen-induced renal injury in rats with ureteral obstruction. World J Nephrol 2026; 15(1): 114142
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-6124/full/v15/i1/114142.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5527/wjn.v15.i1.114142