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World J Nephrol. Mar 25, 2026; 15(1): 113875
Published online Mar 25, 2026. doi: 10.5527/wjn.v15.i1.113875
Figure 1
Figure 1 Hormone axes involved in chronic kidney disease. Overview of the mechanisms underlying the main endocrine pathways affected in chronic kidney disease. CKD: Chronic kidney disease; PO43-: Phosphate; FGF-23: Fibroblast growth factor 23; PTH: Parathyroid hormone; sHPT: Secondary hyperparathyroidism; EPO: Erythropoietin; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; IL-6: Interleukin 6; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor alpha; Ca: Calcium; TSH: Thyroid-stimulating hormone; TRH: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone; T3: Triiodothyronine; T4: Thyroxine; GnRH: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone; FSH: Follicle-stimulating hormone; LH: Luteinizing hormone; TT: Total testosterone; FT: Free testosterone.