Saliva as a non-invasive biomarker for chronic kidney disease: Challenges and potential in disease monitoring

doi:10.5527/wjn.v14.i3.108406

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Sep 25, 2025 (publication date) through Sep 17, 2025

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World Journal of Nephrology

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2220-6124

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Nephrol. Sep 25, 2025; 14(3): 108406
Published online Sep 25, 2025. doi: 10.5527/wjn.v14.i3.108406

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Figure 1 Transport of molecules from blood to saliva. PTH: Parathyroid hormone.

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Figure 2 Physiological and methodological barriers that impede the transfer and accurate detection of calcium and parathyroid hormone from the bloodstream into saliva. PTH: Parathyroid hormone.

Citation: Abu Raihan Uddin M, Tuan Ismail TS, Wan Nik WNFH, Arifin WN, Isa S. Saliva as a non-invasive biomarker for chronic kidney disease: Challenges and potential in disease monitoring. World J Nephrol 2025; 14(3): 108406
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-6124/full/v14/i3/108406.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5527/wjn.v14.i3.108406