Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
Metabolic evaluation in first time and recurrent urinary stone formers: Study from a tertiary care center of India
Shiv Charan Navriya, Panugothu Leela Madhav, Gautam R Choudhary, Mahendra Singh, Deepak P Bhirud, Arjun S Sandhu, Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur 342008, Rājasthān, India
Srinivas J, Department of Urology, Institute of Nephrology Urology, Bangalore 560002, Karnātaka, India
Parshika Panwar, Department of General Medicine, Government Medical College, Pali 306401, Rājasthān, India
Sourabh Sharma, Department of Nephrology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi 110029, Delhi, India
Author contributions: Navriya SC and Madhav PL contributed to study design, data analysis, and manuscript drafting; Navriya SC contributed to conceptualization; Navriya SC, J S, and Panwar P contributed to data collection; J S and Sharma S contributed to data interpretation; Madhav PL, Choudhary GR, and Sandhu AS contributed to critical revision of the manuscript; Panwar P contributed to literature review; Sharma S contributed to statistical analysis; Choudhary GR and Sandhu AS did supervision; Singh M performed clinical supervision and manuscript review; Bhirud DP contributed to data validation and manuscript editing. All authors approved the final version to publish.
Institutional review board statement: The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, No. AIIMS/IEC/2024/5165.
Informed consent statement: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Data sharing statement: The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Corresponding author: Panugothu Leela Madhav, Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Basni Industrial Area, Jodhpur 342008, Rājasthān, India.
Received: February 24, 2026
Revised: March 20, 2026
Accepted: May 29, 2026
Published online: September 25, 2026
Processing time: 179 Days and 8 Hours
Revised: March 20, 2026
Accepted: May 29, 2026
Published online: September 25, 2026
Processing time: 179 Days and 8 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Renal stone disease shows high metabolic abnormality rates even at first presentation. In this prospective Indian tertiary-center study of 70 patients, 84.2% had at least one metabolic risk factor and 52.8% had multiple abnormalities. Hypercalciuria and hyperoxaluria were most frequent, with notable prevalence of primary hyperparathyroidism. Importantly, no significant metabolic differences were observed between first-time stone formers and recurrent stone formers. These findings support comprehensive metabolic evaluation after the first episode to enable targeted prevention and reduce recurrence.