Published online Nov 6, 2016. doi: 10.5527/wjn.v5.i6.538
Peer-review started: April 25, 2016
First decision: July 5, 2016
Revised: August 14, 2016
Accepted: October 5, 2016
Article in press: October 9, 2016
Published online: November 6, 2016
Processing time: 192 Days and 16.5 Hours
To analyse current literature focusing on pathogenesis and therapeutic aspects of urolithiasis with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and following bariatric surgery.
A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, supplemented with additional references. Studies assessing the association of IBD or bariatric surgery with renal stones in both paediatric and adulthood were included.
Certain types of stones are seen more frequently with IBD. Hyperoxaluria and hypocitraturia are the main metabolic changes responsible for urolithiasis. The incidence of renal stones in malabsorptive types of bariatric surgery such as gastric bypass is high; this is not as common in modern restrictive surgical methods. Preventative methods and urine alkalinisation have been shown to be beneficial.
Both conditions are associated with renal stones. Patients’ counselling and prevention strategies are the mainstay of urolithiasis management in these patients.
Core tip: Urolithiasis continues to be a complication associated with inflammatory bowel disease and post bariatric surgery. Lowered urinary levels of anti-lithogenic substances (magnesium and citrate) have been suggested to be important in calculi development. Prevention is best achieved through dietary changes and targeted medical therapy.