Kidney transplant outcomes in obese pediatric patients

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of pediatric obesity has raised numerous questions about its health implications, particularly regarding renal transplant outcomes. These complications often hinder medical interventions in these children. While kidney transplants are often viewed from an organocentric perspective, the overall health of the patient is critical to the success of the procedure. Current discussions make it clear that childhood obesity poses significant problems not only for graft survival, but also for long-term overall health. Childhood obesity can lead to many metabolic disorders such as diabetes and hypertension. These conditions can significantly affect a child's suitability for a transplant or make the process more difficult. A child's weight can affect the pharmacokinetics of drugs used to prevent organ rejection. Obesity impacts the individual and sets in motion a cascade of effects that can jeopardize transplant success and recovery, so understanding is needed. Research on graft survival rates is both optimistic and concerning. Clinical studies show that obese children often have an increased risk of post-transplant complications, which affects transplant longevity. The likelihood of rejection may increase due to the metabolic status of an obese child. Due to the allocation of healthcare resources for the treatment of obesity-related diseases, availability for the transplant itself may be limited. Many children maintain an adequate quality of life after a kidney transplant, but excessive weight can significantly affect their health and chances of survival. The main target is looking for highly successful strategies to give all children who need a transplant a better future, regardless of their weight.

Keywords: Chronic kidney disease; Renal transplantation; Kidney transplant; Pediatric patients; Obesity; Bariatric surgery; Renal replacement therapies; Diabetes; Nutrition; Nutritional therapy

Core Tip: Childhood obesity can lead to various metabolic diseases, including diabetes and high blood pressure. These factors can significantly affect a child's suitability for transplantation or make the procedure more difficult. Obesity in pediatric patients at the time of kidney transplantation is associated with loss of the transplant and serious negative consequences that significantly affect their quality of life. An accurate analysis of the modifiable factors associated with obesity and kidney transplantation is central to providing appropriate support for children with end-stage renal disease needing for renal replacement therapy.