Habtu BF, Obsa F, Cheneke W, Asaye S, Nuru A, Hajikelil Z. Assessment of chronic kidney disease and associated factors at Wolkite University Specialized Hospital: A cross-sectional study. World J Nephrol 2025; 14(2): 100896 [DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v14.i2.100896]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Bisrat Fikadu Habtu, MSc, Instructor, Researcher, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Wolkite University, Gurage Zone, Wolkite 07, Ethiopia. bisratfikadu54@gmail.com
Research Domain of This Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Article-Type of This Article
Observational Study
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Bisrat Fikadu Habtu, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite 07, Ethiopia
Fanta Obsa, Department of Medical Laboratory, Jimma University, Jimma 07, Oromīya, Ethiopia
Waqtola Cheneke, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Pathology, Jimma University, Jimma 07, Oromīya, Ethiopia
Sintayehu Asaye, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma 07, Oromīya, Ethiopia
Ahmed Nuru, Department of Nursing, Wolkite University, Wolkite 07, Ethiopia
Zuber Hajikelil, Department of Medical Laboratory, Wolkite University, Wolkite 07, Ethiopia
Author contributions: Habtu BF conceived the study, prepared the proposal, analyzed the data, interpreted the findings, and wrote the manuscript; Habtu BF and Zuber H were participated in editing and revising subsequent drafts of the paper; Fanta O, Waqtola C, and Sintayehu A were involved in data analysis and reviewing of the manuscript; all authors reviewed the final version of the manuscript, and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.
Institutional review board statement: Ethical clearance was obtained from the ethical review board of Jimma University Institute of Health, No. IRHPGn/576/.
Informed consent statement: Then both written and oral consent was obtained from all selected medical ward admitted adult patients.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All of the authors declare no conflicts of interest for this study.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement—checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement—checklist of items.
Data sharing statement: The datasets analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Bisrat Fikadu Habtu, MSc, Instructor, Researcher, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Wolkite University, Gurage Zone, Wolkite 07, Ethiopia. bisratfikadu54@gmail.com
Received: August 29, 2024 Revised: February 19, 2025 Accepted: March 17, 2025 Published online: June 25, 2025 Processing time: 223 Days and 3.1 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Kidney is the vital organ that plays a great role in maintaining an optimal internal environment. The normal kidney function can be altered by physical injury or disease. Currently, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing major health problem worldwide. In 2017, it was ranked as the 12th leading cause of death and is expected to rise to the 5th ranked cause of death by 2040. Therefore, early detection, increasing patients' awareness and treatment of CKD are required to hold the problem. However, despite its higher prevalence of hospitalized morbidity and mortality, little is known about the magnitude and associated factor of CKD in the Ethiopian context. Hence this study aimed to determine the magnitude of CKD and associated factors at Wolkite University Specialized Hospital (WKUSTH), South West Ethiopia.
AIM
To determine the magnitude, and associated factors of CKD in WKUSTH, Ethiopia.
METHODS
Institutional based cross-sectional study with secondary data was conducted from November 15, 2021 to February 28, 2022 at WKUSTH. Three hundred forty five (345) participants were selected by a convenient sampling technique. Creatinine and urea were measured using cobas311 fully automated chemistry analyzer and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using CKD epidemiology collaboration formula. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected by using a pretested questionnaire. Data were coded and entered into EpiData 3.1 version and exported to STATA version 14 for analysis. Bivariate analysis was used to screen candidate variables for multivariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis a P value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
The magnitude of CKD by impaired eGFR were 54 (15.7%) (95%CI: 0.116-0.194). In multivariable analysis, older age [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 5.91, 95%CI: 2.41-14.47)], hypertension (AOR =10.41, 95%CI: 4.55-23.81), diabetes mellitus (AOR = 5.90, 95%CI: 2.14-16.23), high body mass index (AOR = 3.0, 95%CI: 1.30-7.27), and anemia (AOR = 2.94, 95%CI: 1.26-6.88) were independently associated with CKD.
CONCLUSION
The magnitude of CKD among adult patients admitted to WKUSTH was high. Hence, researchers need to do a population-based study and longitudinal study on the magnitude of CKD, associated factors. Estimation of GFR for all hospitalized patients might help to early detection of CKD and prevent complications.
Core Tip: The core tip of this manuscript is to assess chronic kidney disease (CKD) and associated factors at Wolkite University Specialized Hospital. Accordingly, during admission 54 (15.7%) medical ward admitted patients with 95%CI: 0.116-0.194) had CKD by impaired estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). While during discharge 71 (20.58%) medical ward admitted patients with 95%CI: 0.165-0.249) of the patients had CKD by impaired eGFR. This implies about 4.95% of the admitted patients develop kidney disease in hospital during their stay. Therefore, especially, for this resource limited country, screening of kidney disease for admitted patients is essential.
