Optimizing chronic kidney disease management: The potential of a multi-strain probiotic formulation

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), which represents a significant global health concern, is characterized by a gradual decline in kidney function, leading to complications such as electrolyte imbalance, cardiovascular disease, and immune dysfunction. Standard CKD management includes dietary modifications, ketoanalogues supplementation, blood pressure and blood glucose control, hydration maintenance, and treatment of the underlying causes. Emerging evidence has indicated a significant role of the gut microbiota in CKD, and that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota contributes to the progression of CKD towards end-stage renal disease. Probiotics and prebiotics have recently garnered attention owing to their potential to enhance gastrointestinal health and well-being by restoring the balance of the gut microbiota. Specific probiotic strains, including Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, promote beneficial bacterial growth, suppress harmful bacteria, and exert anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, and antidiabetic effects. The combination of Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bacillus coagulans has demonstrated potential as a therapeutic formulation for CKD management in various studies, highlighting its promise in treating CKD; however, supporting evidence remains limited, making it crucial to conduct further investigations to determine the specific effects of different probiotic formulations on outcomes in patients with CKD.

Keywords: Chronic kidney disease; Gut microbiota; Prebiotics; Lactobacillus; Bifidobacterium

Core Tip: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global health challenge marked by a gradual decline in kidney function and associated complications. Recent studies have suggested that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota plays a significant role in CKD progression to end-stage renal disease. Probiotics and prebiotics, particularly strains such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and combinations including Streptococcus thermophilus and Bacillus coagulans, show promise in managing CKD by restoring the gut microbiota balance. Although these findings are promising, further research is essential to comprehensively understand the impact of specific probiotic formulations on CKD outcomes and their potential as therapeutic interventions.