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Drenjančević I, Prošić I, Firi L, Stupin A, Jukić I. Dietary Habits, Anthropometric Values, and Microvascular Reactivity in Older Persons of Both Sexes Living at Retirement Home in Osijek, Croatia. Clin Interv Aging 2025; 20:625-638. [PMID: 40417052 PMCID: PMC12101452 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s514573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2025] [Accepted: 05/14/2025] [Indexed: 05/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Purpose To examine the correlation between dietary habits, anthropometric measurements, and microvascular reactivity with respect to sex in older adults (aged > 65 years) residing in organized accommodation within retirement homes. Patients and Methods Sixty-nine older persons who live in a retirement home in Osijek, Croatia volunteered to participate (34 men and 35 women) in this observational cross-sectional study. Study was performed in the period from May 1, 2024 to July 1, 2024. Subjects weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure and heart rate were measured, and body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. To assess microvascular endothelium-dependent vasodilation, skin microvascular post-occlusion reactive hyperemia (PORH) was assessed by Laser Doppler Flowmetry. Long-term dietary patterns and dietary habits were evaluated with validated EPIC-Norfolk food frequency questionnaire, in Croatian language. Study was approved by Ethical Committee of Faculty of Medicine Osijek (Class: 641-01/24-01/04, No: 2158-61-46-24-86). Results Mean age (standard deviation, SD) of 34 older men was 83.8 (5.4) years, and of 34 older women 83.6 (5.5) years. The mean BMI of all subjects was 27.1 kg/m2 classifying them as overweight. Both men (WHR 0.99 (0.07)) and women (WHR 0.90 (0.06) had significantly higher than normal WHR (normal WHR, men <0.90, women <0.80), suggesting the visceral type of obesity. The mean intake of NaCl was higher (NaCl g/day men 6.91 (1.43), women 6.93 (2.51)), and intake of vitamin D lower (vitamin D µg/day men 3.64 (1.35), women 3.47 (2.61)) than recommended values (NaCl g/day <5 g/day, vitamin D 15 µg/day). Men consumed significantly more alcohol (alcohol g/day men 1.48 (3.36) vs women 0.17 (0.39), P = 0.03), while women had higher carotene intake (β-carotene, µg/day men 2603 (1020) vs women 3478 (1580), P = 0.009). Microvascular reactivity was similar in women and men (PORH, R-O% men 85.2 (30.6) vs women 76.2 (31.5), P > 0.05). However, women had a significant negative correlation of waist circumference (R = -0.350, P =0.04) and WHR (R = -0.406, P = 0.02) to PORH. Conclusion Dietary habits were similar between older men and women, except for higher alcohol intake in men and higher carotene intake in women. In older women, microvascular reactivity was negatively associated with waist circumference and WHR, underscoring central obesity as a key cardiovascular risk factor in this population. Given the increased cardiometabolic vulnerability in postmenopausal women, measures of central adiposity should be routinely monitored in geriatric care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Drenjančević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivan Prošić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Lucija Firi
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ana Stupin
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Jukić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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Carvalho L, Ferreira A, Barros AN, Carvalho MO, Matos TJS, Raymundo A, Sousa I. Sustainable Meat Alternatives: Incorporation of Tenebrio molitor and Alphitobius diaperinus Powders into Pork-Based Hybrid Hams. Foods 2025; 14:1192. [PMID: 40238384 PMCID: PMC11988847 DOI: 10.3390/foods14071192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2025] [Revised: 03/17/2025] [Accepted: 03/18/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025] Open
Abstract
The increasing demand for sustainable meat alternatives has driven research into edible insects as a protein source. This study developed and characterized hybrid hams using pork meat with 10% of Tenebrio molitor, 10% of Alphitobius diaperinus, or 5% of A. diaperinus plus 5% of T. molitor powders. The hybrid hams were analyzed for color, texture, nutritional composition, amino acid profile, antioxidant activity, and consumer acceptance. Results indicated that adding insect powder led to a darker color in hybrid hams. The protein content increased, reaching 49% in the 10% T. molitor and 46% in the 10% A. diaperinus formulations, compared to 35% in the control (without insect powder). Amino acid analysis of the 10% A. diaperinus formulation revealed higher concentrations of essential amino acids compared to the control, with threonine increasing by 185%, valine by 24% and histidine by 27%. Also, the inclusion of insect powders enhanced the mineral profile, mainly sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and sulfur. The total polyphenol content nearly doubled in the 10% A. diaperinus and mixed formulations. Additionally, sensory evaluation revealed that these formulations were well-accepted. These findings support the potential of edible insects as a sustainable and nutritious protein source for innovative food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisiane Carvalho
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.O.C.); (T.J.S.M.); (A.R.); (I.S.)
| | - Adriana Ferreira
- R&D Departamento, Primor Charcutaria-Prima, S.A., Gavião, 4760-003 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal;
| | - Ana Novo Barros
- CITAB (Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences), Inov4Agro (Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Maria Otília Carvalho
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.O.C.); (T.J.S.M.); (A.R.); (I.S.)
| | - Teresa J. S. Matos
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.O.C.); (T.J.S.M.); (A.R.); (I.S.)
| | - Anabela Raymundo
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.O.C.); (T.J.S.M.); (A.R.); (I.S.)
| | - Isabel Sousa
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.O.C.); (T.J.S.M.); (A.R.); (I.S.)
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Nieto ÁVA, Diaz AH, Hernández M. Are there Effective Vegan-Friendly Supplements for Optimizing Health and Sports Performance? a Narrative Review. Curr Nutr Rep 2025; 14:44. [PMID: 40072649 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-025-00633-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Veganism, characterized by the exclusion of all animal-derived products, has grown in popularity due to ethical, environmental, and health considerations. However, vegan athletes often face unique nutritional challenges related to dietary deficiencies of critical nutrients such as proteins, vitamin B12, iron, calcium, and omega-3 fatty acids, among others. This narrative review aims to explore the efficacy and benefits of vegan-friendly supplements specifically tailored to athletic performance, focusing on essential micronutrients, ergogenic aids, and nutrient bioavailability. RECENT FINDINGS Nineteen key supplements are discussed, including protein powders, creatine, beta-alanine, caffeine, vitamin B12, vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, zinc, calcium, iron, iodine, vitamin K2, selenium, probiotics, nitrates, electrolytes (including sodium and potassium), taurine, vitamin A, and magnesium. Evidence suggests that the integration of these supplements into personalized nutrition plans can bridge dietary gaps while addressing specific performance needs, potentially leveling the competitive field for vegan athletes. Recent studies also highlight research gaps in sex-specific needs, synergistic effects, and strategies to enhance the bioavailability of nutrients from whole foods. Vegan diets, while conferring various benefits, require careful consideration of nutrient intake for athletes seeking optimal performance. Personalized biochemical assessments should be considered when possible for tailoring specific nutritional guidelines for each case. This narrative review provides practical guidelines for clinicians, nutritionists, trainers, sports scientists, and athletes to design personalized supplementation strategies that address common nutritional shortfalls, enhance performance, and serve as a foundation for future research in vegan sports nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Vergara A Nieto
- Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, Good Research and Science (GRS), Avenida Ramón Picarte 780, 5090000, Valdivia, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad del Desarrollo, Ainavillo 456, 4070001, Concepción, Chile
| | - Andrés Halabi Diaz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Avenida Republica 275, 8370146, Santiago, Chile.
- Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, Good Research and Science (GRS), Avenida Ramón Picarte 780, 5090000, Valdivia, Chile.
- Departamento de I+D+I, CatchPredict SpA, Avenida Ramón Picarte 780, 5090000, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Millaray Hernández
- Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, Good Research and Science (GRS), Avenida Ramón Picarte 780, 5090000, Valdivia, Chile
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Tariba Lovaković B, Rašeta D, Lazarus M, Jurica K, Živković Semren T, Jurič A, Dramićanin A, Petrinec B, Bulog A, Brčić Karačonji I. Elemental and Radiological Characterisation of Arbutus unedo L. Leaves and Tea: Impact of Preparation Method on Nutritional Risk/Benefit. Biol Trace Elem Res 2025; 203:1175-1187. [PMID: 38702515 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterise the elemental and radiological composition of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) leaves and tea preparations and compare it with commercial Uvin H herbal mixture, widely used in treatment of urinary tract infections. The concentration of 17 elements and the activity concentration of selected radionuclides were measured in strawberry tree leaves/Uvin H herbal mixture, as well as in herbal tea prepared by infusion or decoction of leaves for 5 or 10 min. In both leaves and tea preparations, Ca, K, Mg, and Na were the most abundant elements, while the lowest levels were measured for As, Co, Mo, and Se. Only 137Cs and 40K were detected in analysed leaves/herbal mixture, while the activity of radionuclides in tea preparations was below the detection limit. The maximum possible health benefits can be obtained by a 10-min decoction of leaves, which resulted in the highest total phenolic content and antioxidant activity and levels of K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, and Se in comparison to the other preparation methods evaluated in this study. The calculated intake of potentially toxic elements and radionuclides does not represent a health risk to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Tariba Lovaković
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Rašeta
- Division of Radiation Protection, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Lazarus
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Karlo Jurica
- Special Security Operations Directorate, Ministry of the Interior, Ulica grada Vukovara 33, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tanja Živković Semren
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andreja Jurič
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aleksandra Dramićanin
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, 11158, Serbia
| | - Branko Petrinec
- Division of Radiation Protection, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena ulica 21, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Bulog
- Department of Health Ecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Irena Brčić Karačonji
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Viktora Cara Emina 5, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia.
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EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA), Turck D, Bohn T, Cámara M, Castenmiller J, De Henauw S, Jos Á, Knutsen HK, Maciuk A, Mangelsdorf I, McNulty B, McArdle HJ, Naska A, Pentieva K, Siani A, Thies F, Aguilera‐Gómez M, Cubadda F, Frenzel T, Heinonen M, Neuhäuser‐Berthold M, Poulsen M, Prieto Maradona M, Schlatter JR, Siskos A, van Loveren H, Turla E, Hirsch‐Ernst KI. Safety of mineral salt containing potassium and magnesium as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. EFSA J 2025; 23:e9205. [PMID: 39816961 PMCID: PMC11733594 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2025] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on a mineral salt, containing potassium and magnesium, as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. The NF is a mineral salt that consists mainly of magnesium potassium trichloride hexahydrate. The information provided on the composition is sufficient for characterising the NF and does not raise safety concerns. The production process is sufficiently described and does not raise safety concerns. The NF is intended to be added to meat, sausages and dishes based on pasta, rice and other cereals. Taking into account the composition of the NF and the proposed use and use levels, the Panel considers that the consumption of the NF is not nutritionally disadvantageous. Regarding the presence of bromide in the NF, the Panel notes that the combined daily intake of bromide from the NF and the background diet does not exceed the tolerable daily intake of bromide of 0.4 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day. Based on its physicochemical characteristics and solubility data, the NF is expected to be dissociated in the gastrointestinal tract. Taking into account the composition and the nature of the NF, the Panel considers that no toxicological studies with the NF are required. The Panel concludes that the NF (i.e. a mineral salt containing potassium and magnesium) is safe under the proposed conditions of use.
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Liu JJ, Zheng H, Liu S, Kwan TK, Gurung RL, Chan C, Lee J, Ang K, de Keizer J, Hadjadj S, Saulnier PJ, Chong MFF, Lim SC. Estimated potassium intake and major adverse cardiovascular events in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study with trans-ethnic validation. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:451. [PMID: 39709437 PMCID: PMC11662727 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02546-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2024] [Accepted: 12/13/2024] [Indexed: 12/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on the relationship between potassium intake and major cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with diabetes are scarce. We aim to study the association between estimated potassium intake and risk of MACE in individuals with type 2 diabetes. METHODS The discovery cohort consisted of 1572 participants with type 2 diabetes from a secondary hospital. The validation cohort consisted of 1430 participants with diabetes from a multicenter study (Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort, CRIC). Potassium intake was estimated from potassium in spot urine using Kawasaki formula and in 24-h urine collection in two cohorts, respectively. The primary outcome was MACE defined as a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke and cardiovascular death. RESULTS During a median of 8.2 years of follow-up, 341 MACE events were identified in discovery cohort. Compared to the lowest tertile, participants with potassium intake in the top tertile had 34% lower risk for MACE after adjustment for cardio-renal risk factors (adjusted hazard ratio, aHR [95% CI], 0.66 [0.49-0.89]). This inverse association was more pronounced in participants with normal or moderately elevated albuminuria as compared to those with severely elevated albuminuria (urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio > 300 mg/g, p for interaction < 0.05). In consistence, a higher potassium intake was independently associated with a lower risk of MACE in CRIC participants with diabetes and moderately elevated albuminuria (aHR 0.61 [0.42-0.90], top vs. lowest tertile). CONCLUSIONS A high level potassium intake estimated from urine potassium excretion was independently associated with a low risk of MACE in patients with type 2 diabetes. Increasing potassium intake may be a potential effective strategy for cardiovascular risk reduction beyond controlling traditional risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Liu
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, 768828, Republic of Singapore
| | - Huili Zheng
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, 768828, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sylvia Liu
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, 768828, Republic of Singapore
| | - Tsz Kiu Kwan
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, 768828, Republic of Singapore
| | - Resham L Gurung
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, 768828, Republic of Singapore
| | - Clara Chan
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, 768828, Republic of Singapore
| | - Janus Lee
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, 768828, Republic of Singapore
| | - Keven Ang
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, 768828, Republic of Singapore
| | - Joe de Keizer
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, 768828, Republic of Singapore
| | - Samy Hadjadj
- L'institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre-Jean Saulnier
- INSERM, CHU Poitiers Clinical Investigation Center CIC 1402, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Mary F F Chong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Heath, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Republic of Singapore
| | - Su Chi Lim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Heath, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Republic of Singapore.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Republic of Singapore.
- Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 90 Yishun Central, Singapore, 768828, Republic of Singapore.
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Ahmed AEM, Mozzon M, Dawod ABA, Mustafa EOA, Mukarram SA, ElObeid T, Mohammed EAH, Kovács B. Evaluation of the Nutritional Impact of Baobab Leaves ( Adansonia digitata L.) as a Dietary Intervention to Combat Nutrient Deficiencies and Poverty-Related Health Problems. Nutrients 2024; 16:4340. [PMID: 39770961 PMCID: PMC11677163 DOI: 10.3390/nu16244340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2024] [Revised: 11/28/2024] [Accepted: 12/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Baobab (Adansonia digitate L.) is an underutilized species and edible parts (fruits, leaves and seeds) contribute to food security and human health in tropical areas. Although the fruits have attracted greater research interest and have recently been approved for consumption in EU countries, the leaves are traditionally consumed but they have yet to be studied from an interventional perspective. The aim of this study was to propose a protocol for a dietary intervention using baobab leaves (BLs) to achieve the recommended reference values for proteins and minerals (K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn) for different target groups of the Sudanese population. METHODS Dry matter, crude fat, protein and ash content, mineral content (Na, Mg, K, Ca, Fe, Mn), total phenolic, and flavonoid compounds were determined in BLs from six different areas. To assess the health and nutrition status in Sudan, time-series data (2013-2023) from the DataBank Health Nutrition and Population Statistics database were used. The reference values for nutrients recommended by the European Food Safety Authority were used to estimate the amount of baobab leaf intake (BLI, g/day). RESULTS For each nutrient, the study area with the lowest amount of BLs to be consumed is recommended. Leaves from the area of El Gari (BN3) 18.312 g/day and 30.712 g/day are recommended for K and Ca, which are particularly beneficial for children aged 1-3 years and lactating women. Leaves from Kor Tagat (KR1) are suitable for sodium intake, requiring approximately 13-23 g/day across all age groups. Leaves from Kazgil (KR2) (46-81 g/day), (35-66 g/day), (0.48-0.68 g/day), and (4-6 g/day) are optimal for fulfilling the daily requirements of magnesium, iron, manganese, and protein in this order. CONCLUSIONS The systematic inclusion of BLs in the diet can positively support the nutritional status of various demographics. Moreover, the findings of this study demonstrated the foundation for public health and nutritional policy-makers on how they will tackle malnutrition and food insecurity worldwide by incorporating naturally available diets and nutritious alternatives. RECOMMENDATION Further research should focus on assessing the nutritional composition factors that could affect the absorption of nutrients such as phytates and oxalates and investigating the in vitro bioavailability of the elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhakam Esmaeil Mohamed Ahmed
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi str. 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (S.A.M.); (B.K.)
- Doctoral School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North 13314, Sudan;
| | - Massimo Mozzon
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Abdaljbbar B. A. Dawod
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North 13314, Sudan;
- Doctoral School of Informatics, University of Debrecen, 26 Kassai Road, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eltayeb Omaima Awad Mustafa
- Sudan Medical Specialization Board, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum 11115, Sudan;
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Shaikh Ayaz Mukarram
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi str. 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (S.A.M.); (B.K.)
- Doctoral School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- World Food Forum, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Tahra ElObeid
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
| | | | - Béla Kovács
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi str. 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (S.A.M.); (B.K.)
- Doctoral School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Zuluaga R, Hoyos CG, Velásquez-Cock J, Vélez-Acosta L, Palacio Valencia I, Rodríguez Torres JA, Gañán Rojo P. Exploring Spent Coffee Grounds: Comprehensive Morphological Analysis and Chemical Characterization for Potential Uses. Molecules 2024; 29:5866. [PMID: 39769954 PMCID: PMC11677221 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29245866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2024] [Revised: 12/02/2024] [Accepted: 12/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
The agroindustry generates substantial quantities of byproducts, particularly in coffee production, which yields significant waste, most notably spent coffee grounds (SCGs). This study explores the potential of SCGs as a versatile resource for applications in both food and nonfood sectors. A comprehensive chemical analysis revealed that SCGs consist of 30.2 wt.% cellulose, 25 wt.% hemicellulose, and 12 wt.% lignin. Morphological characterization was performed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Additional analyses included attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). ATR-FTIR identified key polysaccharides and oils, whereas TGA offered insights into the thermal degradation behavior of SCGs, confirming the presence of typical plant cell wall components. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed low crystallinity, consistent with SCGs' amorphous structure. Mineral content was assessed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The results showed that mineral concentrations in SCGs (per 0.01 kg) were within recommended daily intake limits, confirming their safety for potential human consumption. These findings establish SCGs as a valuable lignocellulosic biomass with applications in composite materials. Additionally, it can serve as an organic soil amendment after fermentation to prevent stress on plants. This approach supports effective waste management and advances resource sustainability practices in the agro-industrial sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Zuluaga
- Facultad de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1 N 70-01, Medellín 050031, Colombia; (R.Z.); (C.G.H.); (J.V.-C.); (L.V.-A.); (I.P.V.); (J.A.R.T.)
| | - Catalina Gómez Hoyos
- Facultad de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1 N 70-01, Medellín 050031, Colombia; (R.Z.); (C.G.H.); (J.V.-C.); (L.V.-A.); (I.P.V.); (J.A.R.T.)
| | - Jorge Velásquez-Cock
- Facultad de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1 N 70-01, Medellín 050031, Colombia; (R.Z.); (C.G.H.); (J.V.-C.); (L.V.-A.); (I.P.V.); (J.A.R.T.)
| | - Lina Vélez-Acosta
- Facultad de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1 N 70-01, Medellín 050031, Colombia; (R.Z.); (C.G.H.); (J.V.-C.); (L.V.-A.); (I.P.V.); (J.A.R.T.)
| | - Isabela Palacio Valencia
- Facultad de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1 N 70-01, Medellín 050031, Colombia; (R.Z.); (C.G.H.); (J.V.-C.); (L.V.-A.); (I.P.V.); (J.A.R.T.)
| | - Javier Augusto Rodríguez Torres
- Facultad de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1 N 70-01, Medellín 050031, Colombia; (R.Z.); (C.G.H.); (J.V.-C.); (L.V.-A.); (I.P.V.); (J.A.R.T.)
| | - Piedad Gañán Rojo
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1 N 70-01, Medellín 050031, Colombia
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9
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Kozioł-Kozakowska A, Wójcik M, Herceg-Čavrak V, Cobal S, Radovanovic D, Alvarez-Pitti J, Hartgring I, Piórecka B, Gabbianelli R, Drożdż D. Dietary Strategies in the Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension in Children and Adolescents: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:2786. [PMID: 39203922 PMCID: PMC11357530 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to gather information on effective dietary strategies for the prevention and treatment of hypertension (HTN) in children and adolescents. It discusses specific nutritional models such as the Diet Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH diet), traditional Asian diets, plant-based diets, the Southern European traditional Atlantic diet, and the Mediterranean diet, highlighting the benefits of these approaches. The manuscript also addresses dehydration resulting from insufficient fluid intake among children, as well as the consumption of inappropriate beverages, like soft drinks and energy drinks, which contributes to the development of HTN. Additionally, it examines the role of oxidative stress in the pathomechanism of HTN in children, particularly in relation to the antioxidant potential of food components such as selenium, magnesium, and selected vitamins. The relationship between sodium and potassium intake from food and the development of HTN in children is also explored. Finally, this study discusses public health strategies for the prevention of HTN in children. A comprehensive search was performed across multiple databases, such as PubMed/MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Science Direct, and EBSCO. This search focused on locating English-language meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomized clinical trials, and observational studies from around the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kozioł-Kozakowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Wielicka 265 St., 30-663 Cracow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wójcik
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Wielicka 265 St., 30-663 Cracow, Poland;
- University Children’s Hospital in Krakow, Wielicka 265 St., 30-663 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Vesna Herceg-Čavrak
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Libertas International University, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Sara Cobal
- Croatian Medical Association, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Dragan Radovanovic
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia;
| | - Julio Alvarez-Pitti
- Pediatric Department, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Innovation in Paediatrics and Technologies-iPEDITEC—Research Group, Fundación de Investigación, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Isa Hartgring
- Innovation in Paediatrics and Technologies-iPEDITEC—Research Group, Fundación de Investigación, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Beata Piórecka
- Department of Nutrition and Drug Research, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawińska 8 St., 31-066 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Rosita Gabbianelli
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy;
| | - Dorota Drożdż
- University Children’s Hospital in Krakow, Wielicka 265 St., 30-663 Cracow, Poland;
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Chair of Pediatrics, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265 St., 30-663 Crakow, Poland
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10
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Ahmed AEM, Mozzon M, Omer A, Shaikh AM, Kovács B. Major and Trace Elements of Baobab Leaves in Different Habitats and Regions in Sudan: Implication for Human Dietary Needs and Overall Health. Foods 2024; 13:1938. [PMID: 38928879 PMCID: PMC11202836 DOI: 10.3390/foods13121938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The metabolic needs of the human body and preventing infections require a diet with sufficient amounts of essential nutrients. This study aimed to investigate the importance of Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) dried leaves as a healthy food source by determining the content of macro and trace elements in different habitats and regions. This study was conducted in Sudan and covered three different habitats, wetland (W), plainland (P), and mountain (M), in two regions (Blue Nile and Kordofan). The dry matter (DM) of Baobab leaves was considered for analyzed menials, and the results showed that the mean values were significantly affected by habitats where Baobab trees grew. The highest contents of potassium K (1653 ± 34 mg/100 g) and sodium (Na) 7.67 ± 1.18 mg/100 g were found in the W zone, whereas the highest contents of calcium (Ca) 2903 ± 187 mg/100 g and magnesium (Mg) 529 ± 101 mg/100 g were detected in the M and P zones, respectively. In addition, the two regions showed significant differences in trace and macro elements, i.e., higher levels of iron (Fe) 17.17 ± 2.76 mg/100 g and magnesium (556 ± 55 mg/100 g) were found in the Kordofan region while higher levels of zinc (Zn) 2.548 ± 0.55 mg/100 g and calcium (2689 ± 305 mg/100) were in the Blue Nile region. These varying amounts of elements can be used in our daily diets because of their potentially healthy effects, especially in areas where access to nutrient-rich foods is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhakam Esmaeil Mohamed Ahmed
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food Science & Environmental Management, Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.E.M.A.); (A.M.S.)
- Doctoral School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North 13314, Sudan;
| | - Massimo Mozzon
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 10, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Ali Omer
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North 13314, Sudan;
- Division of BioInvasions, Global Change & Macroecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ayaz Mukarram Shaikh
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food Science & Environmental Management, Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.E.M.A.); (A.M.S.)
- Doctoral School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Young Scientist, World Food Forum, I-00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Béla Kovács
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food Science & Environmental Management, Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.E.M.A.); (A.M.S.)
- Doctoral School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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11
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Collado-González J, Piñero MC, Otálora Alcón G, López-Marín J, del Amor FM. Biofortification and Valorization of Celery byproducts Using Selenium and PGPB under Reduced Nitrogen Regimes. Foods 2024; 13:1437. [PMID: 38790737 PMCID: PMC11119360 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to climate change and exacerbated population growth, the search for new sustainable strategies that allow for greater food productivity and that provide greater nutritional quality has become imperative. One strategy for addressing this problem is the combined use of fertilization with a reduced dose of nitrogen and biostimulants. Celery processing produces a large amount of waste with its concomitant pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to address the valorization of its byproducts. Our results revealed reductions in the biomass, Na, P, Mn, B, sugars, and proteins in the byproducts and increased lipid peroxidation, Fe (all celery parts), and K (byproducts) when the N supplied was reduced. Plants inoculated with Azotobacter salinestris obtained a greater biomass, a higher accumulation of K (byproducts), a build-up of sugars and proteins, reduced concentrations of P, Cu, Mn, B, Fe (petioles), and Zn (byproducts), and reduced lipid peroxidation. The application of Se at 8 μM reinforced the beneficial effect obtained after inoculation with Azotobacter salinestris. In accordance with our results, edible celery parts are recommended as an essential ingredient in the daily diet. Furthermore, the valorization of celery byproducts with health-promoting purposes should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta Collado-González
- Department of Crop Production and Agri-Technology, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), C/Mayor s/n, 30150 Murcia, Spain; (M.C.P.); (G.O.A.); (J.L.-M.); (F.M.d.A.)
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12
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Yamagishi M, Takachi R, Ishihara J, Maruya S, Ishii Y, Kito K, Nakamura K, Tanaka J, Yamaji T, Iso H, Iwasaki M, Tsugane S, Sawada N. Development and preliminary validation of a prediction formula of sodium and sodium-to-potassium ratio based on multiple regression using 24-h urines. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9704. [PMID: 38678054 PMCID: PMC11055847 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60349-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurate measurement of sodium intake in the diet is challenging, and epidemiological studies can be hampered by the attenuation of associations due to measurement error in sodium intake. A prediction formula for habitual 24-h urine sodium excretion and sodium-to-potassium ratio might lead to more reliable conclusions. Five 24-h urinary samples and two Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQs) were conducted among 244 Japanese participants aged 35-80 years. We conducted multivariate linear regression analysis with urinary excretion as dependent variables and eating behaviour and food frequency as independent variables. Empirical weights of sodium excretion and sodium-to-potassium ratio were extracted. Preliminary validity was also assessed by randomly dividing the subjects into development and validation groups based on the correlation coefficient between estimates by the prediction formula and urinary excretion. Taste preference, soy sauce use at the table, frequency of pickled vegetables intake and number of bowls of miso soup were extracted as determinants of sodium excretion. Correlation coefficients between the estimates and urinary excretion for men and women were 0.42 and 0.43, respectively, for sodium and 0.49 and 0.50, respectively, for sodium-to-potassium ratio. This prediction formula may provide more accurate estimation of sodium intake and sodium-to-potassium ratio than the food composition approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Yamagishi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Kitauoyahigashimachi, Nara-shi, Nara, 630-8506, Japan
| | - Ribeka Takachi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Kitauoyahigashimachi, Nara-shi, Nara, 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Junko Ishihara
- Graduate School of Environmental Health, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Sachiko Maruya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Kitauoyahigashimachi, Nara-shi, Nara, 630-8506, Japan
| | - Yuri Ishii
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kumiko Kito
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Nakamura
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachidori, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Junta Tanaka
- Department of Health Promotion Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachidori, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School of Public Health, 4-1-26 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-8402, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
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13
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Gritter M, Wei KY, Wouda RD, Musterd-Bhaggoe UM, Dijkstra KL, Kers J, Ramakers C, Vogt L, de Borst MH, Danser AHJ, Hoorn EJ, Rotmans JI. Chronic kidney disease increases the susceptibility to negative effects of low and high potassium intake. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2024; 39:795-807. [PMID: 37813819 PMCID: PMC11045281 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfad220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary potassium (K+) has emerged as a modifiable factor for cardiovascular and kidney health in the general population, but its role in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is unclear. Here, we hypothesize that CKD increases the susceptibility to the negative effects of low and high K+ diets. METHODS We compared the effects of low, normal and high KChloride (KCl) diets and a high KCitrate diet for 4 weeks in male rats with normal kidney function and in male rats with CKD using the 5/6th nephrectomy model (5/6Nx). RESULTS Compared with rats with normal kidney function, 5/6Nx rats on the low KCl diet developed more severe extracellular and intracellular K+ depletion and more severe kidney injury, characterized by nephromegaly, infiltration of T cells and macrophages, decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate and increased albuminuria. The high KCl diet caused hyperkalemia, hyperaldosteronism, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis and severe hypertension in 5/6Nx but not in sham rats. The high KCitrate diet caused hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis but attenuated hypertension despite higher abundance of the phosphorylated sodium chloride cotransporter (pNCC) and similar levels of plasma aldosterone and epithelial sodium channel abundance. All 5/6Nx groups had more collagen deposition than the sham groups and this effect was most pronounced in the high KCitrate group. Plasma aldosterone correlated strongly with kidney collagen deposition. CONCLUSIONS CKD increases the susceptibility to negative effects of low and high K+ diets in male rats, although the injury patterns are different. The low K+ diet caused inflammation, nephromegaly and kidney function decline, whereas the high K+ diet caused hypertension, hyperaldosteronism and kidney fibrosis. High KCitrate attenuated the hypertensive but not the pro-fibrotic effect of high KCl, which may be attributable to K+-induced aldosterone secretion. Our data suggest that especially in people with CKD it is important to identify the optimal threshold of dietary K+ intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gritter
- Department of Internel Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kuang-Yu Wei
- Department of Internel Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rosa D Wouda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Usha M Musterd-Bhaggoe
- Department of Internel Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kyra L Dijkstra
- Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jesper Kers
- Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Liffert Vogt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin H de Borst
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander H J Danser
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ewout J Hoorn
- Department of Internel Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joris I Rotmans
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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14
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Kang X, Zhao Y, Yao L, Tan Z. Explainable machine learning for predicting the geographical origin of Chinese Oysters via mineral elements analysis. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 8:100738. [PMID: 38659973 PMCID: PMC11039350 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The traceability of geographic origin is essential for guaranteeing the quality, safety, and protection of oyster brands. However, the current outcomes of traceability lack credibility as they do not adequately explain the model's predictions. Consequently, we conducted a study to evaluate the efficacy of utilizing explainable machine learning combined with mineral elements analysis. The study findings revealed that 18 elements have the ability to determine regional orientation. Simultaneously, individuals should pay closer attention to the potential risks associated with oyster consumption due to the regional differences in essential and toxic elements they contain. Light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) model exhibited indistinguishable performance, achieving flawless accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score and AUC, with values of 96.77%, 96.43%, 98.53%, 97.32% and 0.998, respectively. The SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method was used to evaluate the output of the LightGBM model, revealing differences in feature interactions among oysters from different provinces. Specifically, the features Na, Zn, V, Mg, and K were found to have a significant impact on the predictive process of the model. Consistent with existing research, the use of explainable machine learning techniques can provide insights into the complex connections between important product attributes and relevant geographical information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuming Kang
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yanfang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lin Yao
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhijun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
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15
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Toft U, Riis NL, Jula A. Potassium - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:10365. [PMID: 38370111 PMCID: PMC10870975 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Potassium (K) is an essential mineral that is necessary for normal cell and membrane function and for maintaining both fluid balance and acid-base balance. Potassium is furthermore very important for normal excitation, for example in nerves and muscle. It is widely available in several food products, with the most important dietary sources being potatoes, fruits, vegetables, cereal and cereal products, milk and dairy products, and meat and meat products. Potassium deficiency and toxicity is rare in healthy people, but dietary potassium is associated with other health outcomes. Results from observational studies have shown that a potassium intake above 3500 mg/day (90 mmol/day) is associated with a reduced risk of stroke. Similarly, intervention studies provide evidence that this level of potassium intake has a beneficial effect on blood pressure, particularly among persons with hypertension and in persons with a high sodium intake (>4 g/day, equivalent to >10 g salt/day).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Toft
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna Louise Riis
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Antti Jula
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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16
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Meira M, Afonso IM, Cruz R, Lopes JC, Martins RS, Domingues J, Ribeiro V, Dantas R, Casal S, Brito NV. Carcass Yields and Meat Composition of Roosters of the Portuguese Autochthonous Poultry Breeds: "Branca", "Amarela", "Pedrês Portuguesa", and "Preta Lusitânica". Foods 2023; 12:4020. [PMID: 37959139 PMCID: PMC10647523 DOI: 10.3390/foods12214020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry meat is an important part of the human diet, and the valorisation of autochthonous breeds is a determinant for the sustainability of the rural areas. The increasing demand for niche products demands for better knowledge of the carcass characteristics and meat quality of these local populations. The present study aims to characterise the roosters' meat from the "Branca" (BR), "Amarela" (AM), "Pedrês Portuguesa" (PP), and "Preta Lusitânica" (PL) breeds. A total of 80 birds (n = 20 per breed) between 38 and 42 weeks old were slaughtered. The physicochemical and nutritional composition were determined in the breast and drumstick meat. The meat of the PL breed had a higher (p ≤ 0.05) pH value, the AM meat revealed a water-holding capacity (WHC) of superior value and moisture content (p ≤ 0.05), while the BR breed had the highest (p ≤ 0.05) ash content. On the other hand, it was observed that the PP meat had a higher (p ≤ 0.05) yellowness index (b*). The breast meat exhibited, in all breeds, a lower pH value, WHC, redness (a*), and lipid content and greater (p ≤ 0.05) lightness (L*), b*, moisture, and ash and protein contents compared to the drumstick. Furthermore, it presented higher (p ≤ 0.05) K, P, and Mg contents and a superior proportion of total and sensorial relevant amino acids. Regarding the fatty acid profile, the breed differences were more significant in the drumstick, with the AM breed lipids presenting a higher (p ≤ 0.05) percentage of MUFAs in the fat, a lower atherogenic index, and a higher (p ≤ 0.05) value for the hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic fatty acids ratio, while the BR breed lipids presented a higher (p ≤ 0.05) percentage of PUFAs and PUFAs/SFAs ratio and a lower n-6/n-3 ratio. Considering the results obtained, it can be concluded that the meat from these breeds is a wholesome dietary option, distinguished by a favourable overall nutritional composition marked by elevated protein content, reduced lipid amounts, and amino and fatty acid profiles with desirable nutritional indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Meira
- Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua D. Mendo Afonso, 147 Refóios do Lima, 4990-706 Ponte de Lima, Portugal; (M.M.); (J.D.)
| | - Isabel M. Afonso
- CISAS, Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal; (I.M.A.); (J.C.L.)
| | - Rebeca Cruz
- Requimte—LAQV, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.); (R.S.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Júlio Cesar Lopes
- CISAS, Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal; (I.M.A.); (J.C.L.)
| | - Raquel S. Martins
- Requimte—LAQV, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.); (R.S.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Jéssica Domingues
- Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua D. Mendo Afonso, 147 Refóios do Lima, 4990-706 Ponte de Lima, Portugal; (M.M.); (J.D.)
| | - Virgínia Ribeiro
- AMIBA—Associação dos Criadores de Bovinos de Raça Barrosã, 4730-260 Vila Verde, Portugal; (V.R.); (R.D.)
| | - Rui Dantas
- AMIBA—Associação dos Criadores de Bovinos de Raça Barrosã, 4730-260 Vila Verde, Portugal; (V.R.); (R.D.)
| | - Susana Casal
- Requimte—LAQV, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.); (R.S.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Nuno V. Brito
- CISAS, Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal; (I.M.A.); (J.C.L.)
- AMIBA—Associação dos Criadores de Bovinos de Raça Barrosã, 4730-260 Vila Verde, Portugal; (V.R.); (R.D.)
- 1H-TOXRUN—One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU (Cooperativa Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário), CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
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AlSahow A. Moderate stepwise restriction of potassium intake to reduce risk of hyperkalemia in chronic kidney disease: A literature review. World J Nephrol 2023; 12:73-81. [PMID: 37766841 PMCID: PMC10520754 DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v12.i4.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A potassium-rich diet has several cardiovascular and renal health benefits; however, it is not recommended for patients with advanced chronic kidney disease or end-stage kidney disease because of the risk of life-threatening hyperkalemia. To assess the strength of evidence supporting potassium intake restriction in chronic kidney disease, the medical literature was searched looking for the current recommended approach and for evidence in support for such an approach. There is a lack of strong evidence supporting intense restriction of dietary potassium intake. There are several ways to reduce potassium intake without depriving the patient from fruits and vegetables, such as identifying hidden sources of potassium (processed food and preservatives) and soaking or boiling food to remove potassium. An individualized and gradual reduction of dietary potassium intake in people at risk of hyperkalemia is recommended. The current potassium dietary advice in chronic kidney disease needs to be reevaluated, individualized, and gradually introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali AlSahow
- Department of Nephrology, Jahra Hospital, Jahra 00004, Kuwait
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18
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Raphadu TT, Mphekgwana PM, Matshipi M, Monyeki KD. A Longitudinal Investigation on the Effects of Sodium and Potassium Intake on the Development of Hypertension and Abdominal Obesity from Childhood to Young Adulthood amongst Ellisras Rural Population, South Africa. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1330. [PMID: 37628329 PMCID: PMC10453195 DOI: 10.3390/children10081330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension (HT) and obesity have both been on the rise in children. Each is associated with an increase in cardiovascular disease risk, and both track into adulthood. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify the association of sodium intake (Na), potassium (K) intake, and sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio with the development of HT and abdominal obesity amongst the Ellisras rural population over time. METHODS In this longitudinal study, data on dietary intake of Na and K were collected using a 24 h recall questionnaire from a total of 325 participants tracked from 1999 (5-12 years), 2001 (7-14 years), and 2015 (18-30 years). The averages of Na and K intake were analysed using local food tables and the South African Food Composition Database System (SAFOODS). In addition, blood pressure (BP) and anthropometric measurements (waist circumference (WC) and height) were also examined. Parametric (independent t-test) and Chi-square/Fishers exact tests were conducted to determine the difference between the years for numerical data and categorical variables. A generalised estimating equation (GEE) was used to assess the association of Na intake, K intake and their ratio on BP, WC, and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). RESULTS Our results indicate a significant positive association between K intake and WHtR, and even though the model was adjusted for age and sex, there was still an association with WHtR. The Na/K ratio was associated with both BP measurements and abdominal obesity, respectively. Furthermore, Na/K was shown to be associated with an increased risk of developing HT and abdominal obesity. CONCLUSIONS In our study, we observed that an increase in the Na/K ratio is a predictor of HT and abdominal obesity over time compared to Na and K alone. However, more studies are required to further prove this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thato Tshepo Raphadu
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; (T.T.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Peter Modupi Mphekgwana
- Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa;
| | - Moloko Matshipi
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; (T.T.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Kotsedi Daniel Monyeki
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; (T.T.R.); (M.M.)
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19
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Nyero A, Achaye I, Upoki Anywar G, Malinga GM. Inorganic nutrients and heavy metals in some wild edible plants consumed by rural communities in Northern Uganda: Implications for human health. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18999. [PMID: 37636347 PMCID: PMC10447991 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
For centuries, wild edible plant species have sustained local communities across Africa by supplementing households' diets in seasons of food shortage. Wild edible plants contain inorganic nutrients, which are essential for the proper functioning of organisms. However, their nutritional contents have not been well researched and are generally poorly understood. This study aimed to quantify the levels of inorganic micro-and macronutrients as well as heavy metals (Mg, Ca, K, Fe, Zn, Cd, Hg and Pb) in selected wild edible plants traditionally consumed among the Acholi communities in northern Uganda, and associated health risks of consuming them. The leaves and young stems of 12 wild edible plants, viz: Acalypha rhomboidea, Asystacia gangetica, Crassocephalum sacrobasis, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Heterotis rotundifolia, Hibiscus cannabinus, Hibiscus sp., Hibiscus surattensis, Ipomoea eriocarpa, Maerua angolensis, Senna obtusifolia and Vigna membranacea were air-dried and crushed to powder. The powders were then macerated using aqua regia solution and analyzed in triplicates using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The target hazard quotient (THQ) of Pb was calculated for non-carcinogenic health risks. Mg, Ca, K, Fe, Zn and Pb were detectable in all the wild edible plants sampled. All inorganic nutrients (mg/100gdw), were below the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA); Mg (9.4 ± 0.19 to 10.4 ± 0.15), Ca (119 ± 5.82 to 1265 ± 14.9), Fe (3.29 ± 0.02 to 11.2 ± 0.09), Zn (0.52 ± 0.02 to 2.36 ± 0.03). Hg and Cd were below detectable limits in all the samples tested. The content of Pb (0.69 ± 0.11 to1.22 ± 0.07) was higher than the CODEX and EU limits of 0.1 ppm (0.001 mg/g) but was below the recommended threshold of 1. The health risk assessment revealed no potential hazards both in children and adults. However, there is a need to study the bioavailability of Pb when the vegetables are consumed due to factors such as indigestion and antinutritional compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Nyero
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Innocent Achaye
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Godwin Upoki Anywar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
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20
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Oštarić F, Kalit S, Curik I, Mikulec N. Influence of Sodium and Potassium Chloride on Rennet Coagulation and Curd Firmness in Bovine Milk. Foods 2023; 12:2293. [PMID: 37372505 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the salting methods in cheese production implies salting the milk before coagulation used in making Domiati-type cheeses and a variety of autochthonous "Lički Škripavac" cheese. The most used sodium replacer is potassium. This study investigated the influence of different added salt concentrations (1%, 1.5%, and 2%) and NaCl to KCl ratios (100%, 50:50%, 25:75%) on the rennet coagulation and curd firmness in bovine milk. The milk coagulation parameters were determined with a computerized renneting meter, Lactodinamograph. The results showed significant interactions between the salt concentrations and NaCl to KCl ratios (p < 0.0001, α = 0.05) by prolonging the beginning of coagulation (10-20 min) and curd firming rate (1-5 min) by an increase in salt concentration for all treatments. The 50:50 treatment values (RCT, k20, a30, a60, amax) were closest to the control (without salt) and had the best results among all treatments in the lower (1%) and medium (1.5%) salt concentration (p > 0.0001, α = 0.05) while in the highest salt concentration (2%) the treatment effect was nonsignificant (p > 0.05). These results should help future studies make a lower sodium product appealing to consumers without losing quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabijan Oštarić
- Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Samir Kalit
- Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ino Curik
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nataša Mikulec
- Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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21
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Hamzelou S, Belobrajdic D, Juhász A, Brook H, Bose U, Colgrave ML, Broadbent JA. Nutrition, allergenicity and physicochemical qualities of food-grade protein extracts from Nannochloropsis oculata. Food Chem 2023; 424:136459. [PMID: 37247596 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae offer an opportunity to act as a sustainable source of dietary protein. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of different protein extraction methods on the nutritional and physicochemical properties of Nannochloropsis oculata. Food-grade protein extracts were obtained by hypotonic osmotic shock using milli-Q water. Food grade (FG) and non-food grade (NFG) extraction buffers were compared along with three cell disruption methods including bead beating, probe sonication and a combination of both methods for protein extraction. Mass spectrometry was used for protein and putative allergen identification in FG extracts. Bead beating led to a slightly higher number of identifiable proteins in FG extracts compared to control condition. Putative allergenic proteins were identified in FG extracts of N. oculata using different in-silico methods. These findings support the need to further evaluate the potential allergenic proteins in microalgae including N. oculata such as immunoglobulin E (IgE) binding tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hamzelou
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | | | - Angéla Juhász
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Henri Brook
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Utpal Bose
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Michelle L Colgrave
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
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22
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Reddin C, Ferguson J, Murphy R, Clarke A, Judge C, Griffith V, Alvarez A, Smyth A, Mente A, Yusuf S, O'Donnell MJ. Global mean potassium intake: a systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis. Eur J Nutr 2023:10.1007/s00394-023-03128-6. [PMID: 36882596 PMCID: PMC10349712 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03128-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Increasing potassium intake, especially in populations with low potassium intake and high sodium intake, has emerged as an important population-level intervention to reduce cardiovascular events. Current guideline recommendations, such as those made by the World Health Organisation, recommend a potassium intake of > 3.5 g/day. We sought to determine summary estimates for mean potassium intake and sodium/potassium (Na/K) ratio in different regions of the world. METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. We identified 104 studies, that included 98 nationally representative surveys and 6 multi-national studies. To account for missingness and incomparability of data, a Bayesian hierarchical imputation model was applied to estimating summary estimates of mean dietary potassium intake (primary outcome) and sodium/potassium ratio. RESULTS Overall, 104 studies from 52 countries were included (n = 1,640,664). Mean global potassium intake was 2.25 g/day (57 mmol/day) (95% credible interval (CI) 2.05-2.44 g/day), with highest intakes in Eastern and Western Europe (mean intake 3.53g/day, 95% CI 3.05-4.01 g/day and 3.29 g/day, 95% CI 3.13-3.47 g/day, respectively) and lowest intakes in East Asia (mean intake 1.89 g/day; 95% CI 1.55-2.25 g/day). Approximately 31% (95% CI, 30-41%) of global population included have an estimated potassium intake > 2.5 g/day, with 14% (95% CI 11-17%) above 3.5 g/day. CONCLUSION Global mean potassium intake (2.25 g/day) falls below current guideline recommended intake level of > 3.5 g/day, with only 14% (95% CI 11-17%) of the global population achieving guideline-target mean intake. There was considerable regional variation, with lowest mean potassium intake reported in Asia, and highest intake in Eastern and Western Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona Reddin
- HRB-Clinical Research Facility, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway University Hospital, Newcastle Road, Galway, H91YR71, Ireland.
- Wellcome Trust-HRB, Irish Clinical Academic Training, Galway, Ireland.
| | - John Ferguson
- HRB-Clinical Research Facility, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway University Hospital, Newcastle Road, Galway, H91YR71, Ireland
| | - Robert Murphy
- HRB-Clinical Research Facility, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway University Hospital, Newcastle Road, Galway, H91YR71, Ireland
| | - Aoibhin Clarke
- HRB-Clinical Research Facility, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway University Hospital, Newcastle Road, Galway, H91YR71, Ireland
| | - Conor Judge
- HRB-Clinical Research Facility, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway University Hospital, Newcastle Road, Galway, H91YR71, Ireland
- Wellcome Trust-HRB, Irish Clinical Academic Training, Galway, Ireland
| | - Vincent Griffith
- HRB-Clinical Research Facility, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway University Hospital, Newcastle Road, Galway, H91YR71, Ireland
| | - Alberto Alvarez
- HRB-Clinical Research Facility, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway University Hospital, Newcastle Road, Galway, H91YR71, Ireland
| | - Andrew Smyth
- HRB-Clinical Research Facility, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway University Hospital, Newcastle Road, Galway, H91YR71, Ireland
| | - Andrew Mente
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Salim Yusuf
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin J O'Donnell
- HRB-Clinical Research Facility, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway University Hospital, Newcastle Road, Galway, H91YR71, Ireland
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23
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Heghedűș-Mîndru G, Negrea P, Trașcă TI, Ștef DS, Cocan I, Heghedűș-Mîndru RC. Food Intake of Macro and Trace Elements from Different Fresh Vegetables Taken from Timisoara Market, Romania-Chemometric Analysis of the Results. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040749. [PMID: 36832823 PMCID: PMC9955908 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Vegetable consumption is recommended and encouraged by all nutritionists and doctors across the planet. However, in addition to minerals which are beneficial to the body, certain minerals with a negative influence on human health can sneak in. It is very important that in the case of some minerals their content in vegetables is known, so that the recommended limits are not exceeded. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the macro elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg) and trace elements (Cu, Mn, Fe, Cd, Pb, Zn, Co) in 24 samples of vegetables from four botanical families (Solanaceae, Brassicaceae, Apiaceae and Amaryllidaceae), purchased from the market in Timișoara, Romania, both imported products as well as local products. The atomic-absorption-spectrometry technique (FAAS) was used to evaluate the macro elements and trace elements. The values obtained for the macro elements and trace elements were used as input data for the analysis of multivariate data, the principal component analysis (PCA) in which the vegetable samples were grouped according to their contribution of certain mineral elements, as well as according to some of the botanical families to which they belong. At the same time, based on the values obtained for trace elements, an assessment of the risk to human health in terms of consumption of the vegetables studied was carried out. The risk assessment for human health was determined on the basis of the estimated daily dose (EDI), the values of the target hazard coefficient (THQ), the values of the total target hazard coefficient (TTHQ) and the carcinogenic risk (CR). Following the determination of THQ, the values obtained followed the order THQWith > THQCd > THQPb > THQCo > THQMn > THQZn > THQFe. The results on the content of macro elements and trace elements, as well as the assessment of the risk to human health when consuming the assessed vegetables, were within the limits of European Union (EU) and World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization (WHO/FAO)legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Heghedűș-Mîndru
- Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Life Science “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Petru Negrea
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Polytechnic University of Timisoara, Piata Victoriei, RO, 300006 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Teodor Ioan Trașcă
- Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Life Science “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ducu Sandu Ștef
- Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Life Science “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ileana Cocan
- Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Life Science “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ramona Cristina Heghedűș-Mîndru
- Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Life Science “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence:
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D’Elia L, Masulli M, Cappuccio FP, Zarrella AF, Strazzullo P, Galletti F. Dietary Potassium Intake and Risk of Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224785. [PMID: 36432472 PMCID: PMC9697076 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Dietary potassium intake is positively associated with reduction of cardiovascular risk. Several data are available on the relationship between dietary potassium intake, diabetes risk and glucose metabolism, but with inconsistent results. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis of the prospective studies that explored the effect of dietary potassium intake on the risk of diabetes to overcome these limitations. (2) Methods: A random-effects dose-response meta-analysis was carried out for prospective studies. A potential non-linear relation was investigated using restricted cubic splines. (3) Results: A total of seven prospective studies met the inclusion criteria. Dose-response analysis detected a non-linear relationship between dietary potassium intake and diabetes risk, with significant inverse association starting from 2900 mg/day by questionnaire and between 2000 and 5000 mg/day by urinary excretion. There was high heterogeneity among studies, but no evidence of publication bias was found. (4) Conclusions: The results of this meta-analysis indicate that habitual dietary potassium consumption is associated with risk of diabetes by a non-linear dose-response relationship. The beneficial threshold found supports the campaigns in favour of an increase in dietary potassium intake to reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality. Further studies should be carried out to explore this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfranco D’Elia
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, “Federico II” University of Naples Medical School, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Masulli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, “Federico II” University of Naples Medical School, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco P. Cappuccio
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Nutrition, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Aquilino F. Zarrella
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, “Federico II” University of Naples Medical School, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Strazzullo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, “Federico II” University of Naples Medical School, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Galletti
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, “Federico II” University of Naples Medical School, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Carcass and Meat Quality Traits of Males and Females of the " Branca" Portuguese Autochthonous Chicken Breed. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192640. [PMID: 36230381 PMCID: PMC9558546 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Local breeds play a crucial role in the rural economies of many countries, as a considerable valuable genetic resource and, well adapted to the environment, their production can reduce the negative impact of intensive production systems. Portuguese chicken breeds are almost extinct, with the “Branca” population presenting the most worrying situation. Bred as a dual-purpose breed, the characterization of meat quality is fundamental to the conservation and promotion of this population., by increasing the value on these small-scale farms production. The carcass characteristics and meat quality of the “Branca” breed were evaluated, showing an interesting physicochemical profile, with good proportion of minerals, essential fatty acids (EFA) and n-3-PUFAs (docosapentanoic (C22:5n-3, DPA), and docosahexaenoic (C22:6n-3, DHA) acids), ensuring that consumers receive a highly nutritional and differentiated product. Abstract The “Branca” breed is a dual-purpose Portuguese autochthonous chicken breed, produced in extensive systems and in small flocks, especially in the Entre Douro and Minho regions. A total of 40 birds (n = 20/sex) were slaughtered between 38 and 42 weeks (males) and 110 and 120 weeks (females), and carcass and meat quality parameters were evaluated. The results showed significantly higher weights and differences for males between sexes and pieces (p ≤ 0.05) in the meat physicochemical composition. Water holding capacity (WRC), moisture and ash contents were influenced by sex. They were higher in males in the breast and drumstick and lightness (L*) and lipid content were higher in females (p ≤ 0.05). The breast meat presented greater lightness, moisture, ash and protein contents, while the drumstick showed a higher pH value, redness (a*) and lipid content, in both sexes (p ≤ 0.05). Regarding the nutritional properties, “Branca” meat revealed a good proportion of minerals and the female meat showed, in both pieces (p ≤ 0.05), significantly lower values for total saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and higher values for monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). Breast meat was richer in n-3-PUFAs (C22:5n-3 and C22:6n-3) in both sexes (p ≤ 0.05). Considering the results obtained, it can be concluded that “Branca” breed meat is a healthy food characterized by a good general nutritional profile.
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26
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Nie X, Peng Y, Cai S, Wu Z, Zhang Y, Li K, Yu Y, Peng X. Accuracy of equations for predicting 24-h urinary potassium excretion from spot urine samples in Chinese children. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:444-452. [PMID: 34593059 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521003354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Accurate assessments of potassium intake in children are important for the early prevention of CVD. Currently, there is no simple approach for accurate estimation of potassium intake in children. We aim to evaluate the accuracy of 24-h urinary potassium excretion (24UKV) estimation in children using three common equations: the Kawasaki, Tanaka and Mage formulas, in a hospital-based setting. A total of 151 participants aged 5-18 years were initially enrolled, and spot urine samples were collected in the whole 24-h duration to measure the concentrations of potassium and creatinine. We calculated the mean difference, absolute and relative difference and misclassification rate between measured 24UKV and the predicted ones using Kawasaki, Tanaka and Mage formulas in 129 participants. The mean measured 24UKV was 1193·3 mg/d in our study. Mean differences between estimated and measured 24UKV were 1215·6, -14·9 and 230·3 mg/d by the Kawasaki, Tanaka and Mage formulas, respectively. All estimated 24UKV were significantly different from the measured values in all the time point (all P < 0·05), except for the predicted values from Tanaka formula using morning, afternoon and evening spot urine. The proportions with relative differences over 40 % were 87·2%, 32·5% and 47·3 % for Kawasaki, Tanaka and Mage formulas, respectively. Misclassification rates were 91·5 % for Kawasaki, 44·4 % for Tanaka and 58·9 % for Mage formula at the individual level. Our findings showed that misclassification could occur on the individual level when using Kawasaki, Tanaka and Mage formulas to estimate 24UKV from spot urine in the child population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Nie
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing100045, People's Republic of China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaguang Peng
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing100045, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Cai
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing100045, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehao Wu
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing100045, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Diseases Prevention and Control, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Li
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing101149, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing101149, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuncui Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing100045, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Peng
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing100045, People's Republic of China
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Validity of the Food Frequency Questionnaire-Estimated Intakes of Sodium, Potassium, and Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio for Screening at a Point of Absolute Intake among Middle-Aged and Older Japanese Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132594. [PMID: 35807775 PMCID: PMC9268135 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Using Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQs) to compare dietary references for screening has been in high demand. However, FFQs have been widely used for ranking individuals in a population based on their dietary intake. We determined the validity of sodium (salt equivalent) intake, potassium intake, and sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio obtained using the FFQ for identifying individuals who deviated from the dietary reference intakes (DRIs) measured using multiple 24-h urinary excretion measurements or 12-day weighed food records (WFR). This study included 235 middle-aged subjects. The correlation coefficients (CCs) between the FFQ and WFR estimates were mostly moderate (0.24−0.54); the CCs between the FFQ and 24-h urinary excretion measurements were low or moderate (0.26−0.38). Values of area under the receiver-operating curve (AUC) at the point of DRIs for salt equivalent or potassium were >0.7 with the WFR as the reference standard and 0.60−0.76 with the 24-h urinary excretion as the reference standard. Using both standard measures, the AUC for the Na/K ratio was <0.7. The accuracy of salt equivalent and potassium intake estimation using the FFQ to determine absolute intake point was comparable to that using WFR, allowing for quantified error, but not as good as that of 24-h urinary excretion.
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Rybicka I, Nunes ML. Benefit and risk assessment of replacing of sodium chloride by other salt/substances in industrial seafood products. EFSA J 2022; 20:e200420. [PMID: 35634562 PMCID: PMC9131575 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.e200420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium (Na) is primarily consumed as salt (sodium chloride, NaCl), which is a critical food ingredient that contributes to improve preservation, shelf‐life and sensory attributes (e.g. texture and taste). On the other hand, the excessive Na intake is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases including stroke and heart diseases. The actual NaCl intake in most countries is far above recommended level of 5 g NaCl/day. Therefore, the reduction of NaCl is among top priorities for health authorities around the globe and the World Health Organization (WHO) adopted a strategy to reduce NaCl intake by 30% until 2025. Integral part of the reduction strategy is to limit NaCl intake from seafood, which is especially relevant for regions with a significant fish and shellfish consumption. The purpose of the project was to (i) review the current situation of relevant strategies to reducing NaCl content in seafood (literature review), (ii) assess benefit/risk of NaCl replacement with other substances/ingredients in seafood and (iii) disseminate results obtained. In the first phase of the project, the literature review was performed and the review paper was prepared. The second part of the project was focused on the experimental studies on smoked trout which commercially available products can deliver up to 4 g NaCl in 100 g. The aim of this study was to optimise the development process of smoked trout with reduced NaCl content without compromising quality and safety attributes. Another part of the project was related to the dissemination of results which resulted in the preparation of three conference abstracts and two experimental papers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iga Rybicka
- CIIMAR Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research Lisbon Portugal.,Poznan University of Economics and Business Poznan Poland
| | - Maria Leonor Nunes
- CIIMAR Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research Lisbon Portugal
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Kurtz T, Pravenec M, DiCarlo S. Mechanism-based strategies to prevent salt sensitivity and salt-induced hypertension. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:599-620. [PMID: 35452099 PMCID: PMC9069470 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
High-salt diets are a major cause of hypertension and cardiovascular (CV) disease. Many governments are interested in using food salt reduction programs to reduce the risk for salt-induced increases in blood pressure and CV events. It is assumed that reducing the salt concentration of processed foods will substantially reduce mean salt intake in the general population. However, contrary to expectations, reducing the sodium density of nearly all foods consumed in England by 21% had little or no effect on salt intake in the general population. This may be due to the fact that in England, as in other countries including the U.S.A., mean salt intake is already close to the lower normal physiologic limit for mean salt intake of free-living populations. Thus, mechanism-based strategies for preventing salt-induced increases in blood pressure that do not solely depend on reducing salt intake merit attention. It is now recognized that the initiation of salt-induced increases in blood pressure often involves a combination of normal increases in sodium balance, blood volume and cardiac output together with abnormal vascular resistance responses to increased salt intake. Therefore, preventing either the normal increases in sodium balance and cardiac output, or the abnormal vascular resistance responses to salt, can prevent salt-induced increases in blood pressure. Suboptimal nutrient intake is a common cause of the hemodynamic disturbances mediating salt-induced hypertension. Accordingly, efforts to identify and correct the nutrient deficiencies that promote salt sensitivity hold promise for decreasing population risk of salt-induced hypertension without requiring reductions in salt intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore W. Kurtz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94017-0134, U.S.A
| | - Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Stephen E. DiCarlo
- Department of Physiology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
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Sodium Intake and Risk of Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Observational Cohort Studies. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022; 24:133-144. [PMID: 35246796 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-022-01182-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW To assess the relationship between sodium intake and hypertension risk in cohort studies, based on a systematic review up to January 21, 2022, that also employed a dose-response meta-analysis. RECENT FINDINGS Dose-response analysis of available cohort studies (n = 11), using a dietary intake or urinary sodium excretion of 2 g/day as the reference category, showed an excess risk starting at 3 g/day. However, we found a linear relationship across the entire range of sodium exposure in an analysis restricted to studies that used 24 h urinary sodium excretion information and had a low risk of bias. This review confirms prior findings based on experimental studies and identified an almost linear relationship between sodium intake/excretion and hypertension risk in cohort studies, reinforcing the validity of recommendations to prevent cardiovascular disease through the reduction of sodium intake in both normotensive and hypertensive adults.
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31
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Rybicka I, Silva M, Gonçalves A, Oliveira H, Marques A, Fernandes MJ, Fernandes MH, Alfaia CM, Fraqueza MJ, Nunes ML. The Development of Smoked Mackerel with Reduced Sodium Content. Foods 2022; 11:349. [PMID: 35159501 PMCID: PMC8834504 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization recommends reducing salt (sodium chloride, NaCl) intake by 30% by 2025. Since smoked fish can deliver up to 4 g NaCl/100 g, the aim of this study was to develop safe, healthy and attractive smoked chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) with a reduced NaCl content. Two brines (5% and 10%) were used with different ratios of NaCl and potassium chloride (KCl). In each brine, 0%, 25%, 50% and 75% of NaCl was replaced by KCl, resulting in 1.3, 1.1, 0.9 and 0.6 g NaCl (5% brine), and 2.6, 2.0, 1.2 and 0.8 g NaCl (10% brine) per 100 g, respectively. Similar yield, nutritional, safety, texture and colour properties were found in most formulations. The most desirable taste attributes (negligible bitterness and adequate saltiness) were obtained with a 5% brine prepared with 75% NaCl + 25% KCl. Such conditions seemed to allow for obtaining an attractive product for conscious consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iga Rybicka
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (A.G.); (H.O.); (A.M.); (M.L.N.)
- Institute of Quality Science, Poznań University of Economics and Business, al. Niepodległości 10, 61-875 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marlene Silva
- Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospecting, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Amparo Gonçalves
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (A.G.); (H.O.); (A.M.); (M.L.N.)
- Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospecting, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Helena Oliveira
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (A.G.); (H.O.); (A.M.); (M.L.N.)
- Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospecting, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - António Marques
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (A.G.); (H.O.); (A.M.); (M.L.N.)
- Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospecting, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Maria José Fernandes
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.J.F.); (M.H.F.); (C.M.A.); (M.J.F.)
| | - Maria Helena Fernandes
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.J.F.); (M.H.F.); (C.M.A.); (M.J.F.)
| | - Cristina Mateus Alfaia
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.J.F.); (M.H.F.); (C.M.A.); (M.J.F.)
| | - Maria João Fraqueza
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.J.F.); (M.H.F.); (C.M.A.); (M.J.F.)
| | - Maria Leonor Nunes
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (A.G.); (H.O.); (A.M.); (M.L.N.)
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Winandar T, Raharjo A, Wujoso H, Sidharta BRA, Bagus BI. Relationship between 25(OH)D and Colorectal Cancer Prevalence at Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta-Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021; 9:1591-1595. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer is a malignancy of the colon and / or rectum. Vitamin D has a role as an inhibitor of tumor progression, namely through the process of influencing cellular differentiation and proliferation. (VDR) Vitamin D Receptor affects cell differentiation by upregulating brush boundary enzymes and improving morphological microvilli. This study seeks to determine the relationship between 25(OH)D levels and colorectal cancer in dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia.
Methods: A cross-sectional design study with quantitative-analytical observation was conducted. All patients had symptoms of colorectal cancer, either undiagnosed or previously diagnosed. 25(OH)D samples were taken from a total of 50 patients at dr. Moewardi Surakarta and subsequent diagnostic measures from the results of histopathology were assessed. The parameters assessed were 25(OH)D level and a diagnosis of colorectal malignancy. Statistical analysis of 25(OH)D levels and colorectal diagnosis using the Chi Square test.
Results: The prevalence of colorectal cancer is higher in respondents with 25(OH)D deficiency and insufficiency compared to respondents with normal 25(OH)D concentrations who tend to have non-colorectal cancer. Based on the Chi-Square test result, the significance value was 0.004, marking a statistically significant association.
Conclusion: This study shows a significant relationship between deficiency and insufficiency of 25(OH)D concentrations with the occurrence of colorectal malignancy
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Gevera PK, Mouri H. Geochemical and mineralogical composition of geophagic materials from Baringo town, Kenyan Rift Valley and their possible health effects on the consumers. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:4831-4846. [PMID: 34041654 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00960-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of geophagic materials can be detrimental to human health. These materials, which are harvested from the natural environment, can contain high concentrations of potentially harmful elements and minerals. In this study, mineralogical and geochemical investigation of geophagic rock materials consumed by the local population in Baringo town, in Kenya, was conducted to assess its possible health effects. Twelve representative samples were purchased from an open market in Baringo town for this investigation. Optical and scanning electron microscope as well as X-ray diffractometer was used to determine the mineralogy as well as the morphology of the minerals present in the studied samples. The material is composed of about 10 to 20% coarse to very coarse (0.38-3.00 mm) and semi-rounded to angular crystals of quartz, feldspars, and amphiboles, together with lithic fragments occurring in a fine-grained matrix. X-ray fluorescence and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry were used to determine the major and trace elements composition, respectively. The analyses show that elements such as Si, Fe, Mn, Al, Hg, Cr, Cd, and Pb are particularly above their recommended daily allowances. This study assumes 100% bioavailability of elements in the geophagic materials, in the absence of a bioaccessibility test. Therefore, the consumption of some of the revealed elements, based on this assumption, can be detrimental due to possible short- and/or long-term health effects. From a mineralogical point of view, the presence of feldspar and quartz with Moh's hardness of 6 and 7, respectively, and their coarse and angular morphology may cause damage to the dental enamel and the gastrointestinal tract. From a geochemical point of view, the high concentrations of the revealed chemical elements can have various health effects including, but not limited to neurotoxic effects, which are critical in prenatal exposure, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer amongst other serious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Kirita Gevera
- Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, Kingsway, 2006, Auckland Park, South Africa.
| | - Hassina Mouri
- Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, Kingsway, 2006, Auckland Park, South Africa
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Malinowski R, Sotek Z, Stasińska M, Malinowska K, Radke P, Malinowska A. Bioaccumulation of Macronutrients in Edible Mushrooms in Various Habitat Conditions of NW Poland-Role in the Human Diet. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8881. [PMID: 34444630 PMCID: PMC8395067 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the interest in mushroom consumption has been growing, since their taste and low calorific value are appreciated, but also due to their nutritional value. In determining the usefulness of mushrooms in the human diet, it is important to consider the conditions of their occurrence to perform the assessment of bioaccumulation of minerals. The aim of the study was: (a) to determine the content of selected macronutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg, Na) in fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis, Imleria badia, Leccinum scabrum and the soils, (b) to determine their bioaccumulation potential taking into account the habitat conditions, and (c) an attempt to estimate their role in covering the requirement for macronutrients of the human organism. The research material was obtained in the NW of Poland: Uznam and Wolin, the Drawa Plain and the Ińsko Lakeland. In the soil, we determined the content of organic matter, pH, salinity and the content of absorbable and general forms of macronutrients. The content of macronutrients in mushrooms was also determined. Chemical analyses were performed using the generally accepted test methods. The study showed that in NW Poland, B. edulis grew on the acidic soils of Arenosols, and I. badia and L. scabrum grew on Podzols. The uptake of K, Mg and Ca by the tested mushrooms was positively, and P and Na negatively correlated with the content of these elements in the soil. The acidity of the soil affected the uptake of K and Mg by mushrooms. There was no effect of the amount of organic matter in the soil noticed on the content of macronutrients (except sodium) in mushrooms. Among the studied macronutrients, none of the mushrooms accumulated Ca, while P and K were generally accumulated in the highest amounts, regardless of the species. Each of the other elements was usually accumulated at a similar level in the fruiting bodies of the species we studied. The exception was I. badia, which accumulated higher amounts of Mg compared to B. edulis and L. scabrum. Mushrooms can enrich the diet with some macronutrients, especially in P and K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Malinowski
- Department of Environmental Management, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Słowackiego 17 Street, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Zofia Sotek
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Adama Mickiewicza 16 Street, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland; (Z.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Małgorzata Stasińska
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Adama Mickiewicza 16 Street, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland; (Z.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Malinowska
- Department of Bioengineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Słowackiego 17 Street, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Patrycja Radke
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 12 Street, 71-899 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Alicja Malinowska
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Major Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Rybacka 1 Street, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland;
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Sarkadi-Nagy E, Horváth A, Varga A, Zámbó L, Török A, Guba G, Szilfai N, Zentai A, Bakacs M. Dietary Sodium and Potassium Intake in Hungarian Elderly: Results from the Cross-Sectional Biomarker2019 Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8806. [PMID: 34444554 PMCID: PMC8393924 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High sodium intake and inadequate potassium intake are associated with high blood pressure. The elderly are more salt sensitive than other age groups, yet a reliable estimate of the dietary sodium and potassium intake of this age group in Hungary is unavailable. The study aimed to estimate the sodium and potassium intakes in the Hungarian elderly from 24 h urine sodium and potassium excretion. In this cross-sectional study, participants were selected from patients of general practitioners practicing in western Hungary. The participants comprised 99 men and 90 women (mean age 67.1 (SD 5.4] years) who participated in the Biomarker2019 survey and returned a complete 24 h urine collection. We assessed dietary sodium and potassium by determining 24 h urinary sodium and potassium excretions and 3-day dietary records. The mean urinary sodium was 188.8 (73.5) mmoL/day, which is equivalent to 11.0 g of salt/day; and the mean urinary potassium was 65.8 (24.3) mmoL/day, which is equivalent to 3.03 g of potassium/day, after adjusting for non-urinary potassium losses. Only 7% of the subjects met the World Health Organization's recommended target of less than 5 g of salt/day, and 33% consumed at least the recommended potassium amount of 3.5 g/day, based on the estimates from 24 h urine excretion. For most elderly, sodium intake exceeds, and potassium does not reach, dietary recommendations. The results underline the need to intensify salt reduction efforts in Hungary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Sarkadi-Nagy
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Albert Flórián út 3/A, 1097 Budapest, Hungary; (A.H.); (A.V.); (L.Z.); (A.T.); (G.G.); (N.S.); (A.Z.); (M.B.)
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Malavolti M, Naska A, Fairweather-Tait SJ, Malagoli C, Vescovi L, Marchesi C, Vinceti M, Filippini T. Sodium and Potassium Content of Foods Consumed in an Italian Population and the Impact of Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet on Their Intake. Nutrients 2021; 13:2681. [PMID: 34444841 PMCID: PMC8401684 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High sodium and low potassium intakes are associated with increased levels of blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular diseases. Assessment of habitual dietary habits are helpful to evaluate their intake and adherence to healthy dietary recommendations. In this study, we determined sodium and potassium food-specific content and intake in a Northern Italy community, focusing on the role and contribution of adherence to Mediterranean diet patterns. We collected a total of 908 food samples and measured sodium and potassium content using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, we assessed habitual dietary intake of 719 adult individuals of the Emilia-Romagna region. We then estimated sodium and potassium daily intake for each food based on their relative contribution to the overall diet, and their link to Mediterranean diet patterns. The estimated mean sodium intake was 2.15 g/day, while potassium mean intake was 3.37 g/day. The foods contributing most to sodium intake were cereals (33.2%), meat products (24.5%, especially processed meat), and dairy products (13.6%), and for potassium they were meat (17.1%, especially red and white meat), fresh fruits (15.7%), and vegetables (15.1%). Adherence to a Mediterranean diet had little influence on sodium intake, whereas potassium intake was greatly increased in subjects with higher scores, resulting in a lower sodium/potassium ratio. Although we may have underestimated dietary sodium intake by not including discretionary salt use and there may be some degree of exposure misclassification as a result of changes in food sodium content and dietary habits over time, our study provides an overview of the contribution of a wide range of foods to the sodium and potassium intake in a Northern Italy community and of the impact of a Mediterranean diet on intake. The mean sodium intake was above the dietary recommendations for adults of 1.5-2 g/day, whilst potassium intake was only slightly lower than the recommended 3.5 g/day. Our findings suggest that higher adherence to Mediterranean diet patterns has limited effect on restricting sodium intake, but may facilitate a higher potassium intake, thereby aiding the achievement of healthy dietary recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Malavolti
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.M.); (C.M.); (L.V.); (T.F.)
| | - Androniki Naska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Susan J. Fairweather-Tait
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, James Watson Road, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK;
| | - Carlotta Malagoli
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.M.); (C.M.); (L.V.); (T.F.)
| | - Luciano Vescovi
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.M.); (C.M.); (L.V.); (T.F.)
| | - Cristina Marchesi
- Head Office, Direzione Generale, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Marco Vinceti
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.M.); (C.M.); (L.V.); (T.F.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Tommaso Filippini
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.M.); (C.M.); (L.V.); (T.F.)
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Affonfere M, Chadare FJ, Fassinou FTK, Linnemann AR, Duodu KG. In-vitro Digestibility Methods and Factors Affecting Minerals Bioavailability: A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1928692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Affonfere
- Laboratoire De Sciences Et Technologie Des Aliments Et Bio-ressources Et De Nutrition Humaine, Centre Universitaire De Sakété, Université Nationale d’Agriculture, Sakété, République Du Bénin
- Laboratory of Food Science, Faculty of Agronomic Science, University of Abomey-Calavi, Jéricho, Cotonou
| | - Flora Josiane Chadare
- Laboratoire De Sciences Et Technologie Des Aliments Et Bio-ressources Et De Nutrition Humaine, Centre Universitaire De Sakété, Université Nationale d’Agriculture, Sakété, République Du Bénin
- Laboratory of Food Science, Faculty of Agronomic Science, University of Abomey-Calavi, Jéricho, Cotonou
| | - Finagnon Toyi Kévin Fassinou
- Laboratoire De Sciences Et Technologie Des Aliments Et Bio-ressources Et De Nutrition Humaine, Centre Universitaire De Sakété, Université Nationale d’Agriculture, Sakété, République Du Bénin
- Laboratory of Food Science, Faculty of Agronomic Science, University of Abomey-Calavi, Jéricho, Cotonou
| | - Anita Rachel Linnemann
- Food Quality and Design, (FQD/WUR), Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kwaku Gyebi Duodu
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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38
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Granado-Rodríguez S, Aparicio N, Matías J, Pérez-Romero LF, Maestro I, Gracés I, Pedroche JJ, Haros CM, Fernandez-Garcia N, Navarro del Hierro J, Martin D, Bolaños L, Reguera M. Studying the Impact of Different Field Environmental Conditions on Seed Quality of Quinoa: The Case of Three Different Years Changing Seed Nutritional Traits in Southern Europe. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:649132. [PMID: 34054895 PMCID: PMC8149766 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.649132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Chenopodium quinoa Willd (quinoa) has acquired an increased agronomical and nutritional relevance due to the capacity of adaptation to different environments and the exceptional nutritional properties of their seeds. These include high mineral and protein contents, a balanced amino acid composition, an elevated antioxidant capacity related to the high phenol content, and the absence of gluten. Although it is known that these properties can be determined by the environment, limited efforts have been made to determine the exact changes occurring at a nutritional level under changing environmental conditions in this crop. To shed light on this, this study aimed at characterizing variations in nutritional-related parameters associated with the year of cultivation and different genotypes. Various nutritional and physiological traits were analyzed in seeds of different quinoa cultivars grown in the field during three consecutive years. We found differences among cultivars for most of the nutritional parameters analyzed. It was observed that the year of cultivation was a determinant factor in every parameter studied, being 2018 the year with lower yields, germination rates, and antioxidant capacity, but higher seed weights and seed protein contents. Overall, this work will greatly contribute to increase our knowledge of the impact of the environment and genotype on the nutritional properties of quinoa seeds, especially in areas that share climatic conditions to Southern Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nieves Aparicio
- Castile-Leon Agriculture Technology Institute (ITACyL), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Javier Matías
- Agrarian Research Institute “La Orden-Valdesequera” of Extremadura (CICYTEX), Badajoz, Spain
| | | | - Isaac Maestro
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Gracés
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Claudia Monika Haros
- Cereal Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Nieves Fernandez-Garcia
- Department of Abiotic Stress and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Navarro del Hierro
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación enCiencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Martin
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación enCiencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Bolaños
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Reguera
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Alvarez F, Anastassiadou M, Arena M, Auteri D, Brancato A, Bura L, Carrasco Cabrera L, Castoldi AF, Chaideftou E, Chiusolo A, Colagiorgi A, Colas M, Crivellente F, De Lentdecker C, Egsmose M, Fait G, Greco L, Ippolito A, Istace F, Jarrah S, Kardassi D, Kienzler A, Leuschner R, Lava R, Alberto L, Lostia A, Lythgo C, Magrans O, Mangas I, Miron I, Molnar T, Padovani L, Parra Morte JM, Pedersen R, Reich H, Santos M, Sharp R, Szentes C, Terron A, Tiramani M, Vagenende B, Villamar‐Bouza L. Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance potassium hydrogen carbonate. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06593. [PMID: 34012491 PMCID: PMC8111669 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The conclusions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, the Netherlands and co-rapporteur Member State, Greece, for the pesticide active substance potassium hydrogen carbonate and the considerations as regards the inclusion of the substance in Annex IV of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012, as amended by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2018/1659. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of potassium hydrogen carbonate as a fungicide on strawberry, wine and table grapes, pome fruits, stone fruits, ornamentals and cucurbits. The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are not identified.
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40
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Global Trends (1961-2017) in Human Dietary Potassium Supplies. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041369. [PMID: 33921853 PMCID: PMC8074176 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Potassium (K) is an essential mineral and major intracellular electrolyte involved in the regulation of blood pressure, muscle contraction and nerve transmission in humans. Major dietary sources of K include fruits and vegetables, starchy roots and tubers, and whole grains. The aim of this study was to assess and report: (i) the sufficiency of K in national food systems globally, (ii) to quantify the contribution from food groups, and (iii) to explore spatial and temporal trends in the period of 1961–2017. Methods: Food supply and demography (1961–2017), K composition and K requirement data were combined to estimate per capita human dietary supplies of potassium (DSK), adequate intake of K (AIK) and K sufficiency ratio (KSR) at national, regional, continental and global levels. Results and Discussion: Globally, the mean ± SD. DSK (mg capita−1 d−1) increased from 2984 ± 915 in 1961 to 3796 ± 1161 in 2017. There was a wide range in DSK between geographical regions and across years, with particularly large increases in east Asia, where DSK increased from <3000 to >5000 mg capita−1 day−1. Roots and tubers contributed the largest dietary source of K, providing up to 80% of DSK in most regions. At the global level, throughout the 57-year period, the population-weighted KSR was <1 based on the 2006 Institute of Medicine AIK recommendation, while it was >1 based on the 2019 National Academies of Science and the 2016 European Union AIK recommendation. While KSR ≥ 1 shows sufficiency of DSK, KSR < 1 does not indicate K deficiency risk. Conclusion: Due to the absence of a Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for K, this study used the ratio of DSK:AIK (i.e., KSR) to assess dietary K sufficiency. Estimates of dietary K sufficiency are, therefore, highly sensitive to the AIK reference value used and this varied greatly based on different institutions and years. To quantify the risk of dietary K deficiency, bridging the data gap to establish an RDA for K should be a global research priority.
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Śmietana N, Panicz R, Sobczak M, Śmietana P, Nędzarek A. Spiny-Cheek Crayfish, Faxonius limosus (Rafinesque, 1817), as an Alternative Food Source. Animals (Basel) 2020; 11:E59. [PMID: 33396875 PMCID: PMC7823787 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to present a comprehensive characterisation of crayfish meat, which is crucial to assess its potential usefulness in the food industry. To this end, we assessed the yield, basic chemical composition (protein, fat, minerals), nutritional value (amino acid and fatty acid profiles, essential amino acid index (EAAI), chemical score of essential amino acids (CS), hypocholesterolaemic/hypercholesterolaemic ratio (h/H), atherogenicity (AI) and thrombogenicity (TI) indices), as well as culinary value (lab colour, texture, sensory characteristics, structure) of the meat of spiny-cheek crayfish (Faxonius limosus) (n = 226) from Lake Sominko (Poland) harvested in May-September 2017. Crayfish meat, especially that from the abdomen, was shown to have high nutritional parameters. It is lean (0.26% of fat), with a favourable fatty acid profile and a very high quality of fat (PUFA (sum of polyunsaturated fatty acids):SFA (sum of saturated fatty acids), n-6/n-3, h/H, AI, TI) and protein (high CS and EAAI). It is also a better source of Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, and Cu than meat from slaughter animals. Hence, crayfish meat can be an alternative to livestock meat in the human diet. Owing to its culinary value (delicateness, weak game flavour, and odour), it meets the requirements of the most demanding consumers, i.e., children and older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Śmietana
- Department of Meat Sciences, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Kazimierza Królewicza Street 4, 71-550 Szczecin, Poland; (N.Ś.); (M.S.)
| | - Remigiusz Panicz
- Department of Meat Sciences, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Kazimierza Królewicza Street 4, 71-550 Szczecin, Poland; (N.Ś.); (M.S.)
| | - Małgorzata Sobczak
- Department of Meat Sciences, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Kazimierza Królewicza Street 4, 71-550 Szczecin, Poland; (N.Ś.); (M.S.)
| | - Przemysław Śmietana
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Adama Mickiewicza Street 18, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Arkadiusz Nędzarek
- Department of Aquatic Bioengineering and Aquaculture, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Kazimierza Królewicza Street 4, 71-550 Szczecin, Poland;
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Ribeiro TB, Oliveira A, Campos D, Nunes J, Vicente AA, Pintado M. Simulated digestion of an olive pomace water-soluble ingredient: relationship between the bioaccessibility of compounds and their potential health benefits. Food Funct 2020; 11:2238-2254. [PMID: 32101211 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo03000j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Olive pomace is a semisolid by-product with great potential as a source of bioactive compounds. Using its soluble fraction, a liquid-enriched powder (LOPP) was obtained, exhibiting a rich composition in sugars, polyphenols and minerals, with potential antioxidant, antihypertensive and antidiabetic health benefits. To validate the potential of LOPP as a functional ingredient the effect of the gastrointestinal tract on its bioactive composition and bioactivities was examined. Polyphenols and minerals were the most affected compounds; however, a significant bioaccessibility of potassium and hydroxytyrosol was verified (≥57%). As a consequence, the LOPP bioactivities were only moderately affected (losses around 50%). For example, 57.82 ± 1.27% of the recovered antioxidant activity by ORAC was serum-available. From an initial α-glucosidase inhibition activity of 87.11 ± 1.04%, at least 50% of the initial potential was retained (43.82 ± 1.14%). Regarding the initial ACE inhibitory activity (91.98 ± 3.24%), after gastrointestinal tract losses, significant antihypertensive activity was retained in the serum-available fraction (43.4 ± 3.65%). The colon-available fraction also exhibited an abundant composition in phenolics and minerals. LOPP showed to be a potential functional ingredient not only with potential benefits in preventing cardiovascular diseases but also in gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia B Ribeiro
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associada, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal. and Association BLC3 - Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit, Senhora da Conceição, 2, Lagares, 3045-155 Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal
| | - Ana Oliveira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associada, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Débora Campos
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associada, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Nunes
- Association BLC3 - Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit, Senhora da Conceição, 2, Lagares, 3045-155 Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal
| | - António A Vicente
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associada, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
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The Use of a Nutrient Quality Score is Effective to Assess the Overall Nutritional Value of Three Brassica Microgreens. Foods 2020; 9:foods9091226. [PMID: 32887492 PMCID: PMC7555376 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microgreens have immense potential for improving dietary patterns, but little information is available regarding their overall nutritional value. We evaluated the nutritional traits of three hydroponically grown Brassica microgreens by using a Nutrient Quality Score. Micro cauliflower, micro broccoli and micro broccoli raab were grown using nutrient solutions with three different NH4:NO3 molar ratios (5:95, 15:85, and 25:75). Protein, dietary fiber, β-carotene, α-tocopherol and mineral elements (Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Na) were analyzed. We developed the Nutrient Quality Score (NQS 11.1) on the basis of 11 desirable nutrients and 1 nutrient (sodium) to be limited. All Brassica microgreens are an excellent source of Vitamins A and E (more than 20% of the daily reference value—DRV), as well as a good source of calcium and manganese (10–19% of the DRV). Micro cauliflower showed a NQS 11.1 at 47% higher than micro broccoli raab and micro broccoli. Using NH4:NO3 25:75 molar ratio, the average score was 27% higher than other molar ratios. In all cases, the microgreens in the present study showed a higher NQS 11.1 than their mature counterpart (on the basis of data from the United States Department of Agriculture), highlighting that the score of micro cauliflower was about six-fold higher than mature cauliflower. In conclusion, the NQS 11.1 was useful for assessing the overall nutritional quality of the three Brassica microgreens, instead of simply quantifying nutrient content, in order to compare a single nutrient among different genotypes. Furthermore, the results highlight that the micro broccoli raab, micro broccoli and micro cauliflower in this study can be considered nutrient-rich vegetables that are able to improve dietary patterns more effectively than their mature counterparts.
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Schiefermeier-Mach N, Egg S, Erler J, Hasenegger V, Rust P, König J, Purtscher AE. Electrolyte Intake and Major Food Sources of Sodium, Potassium, Calcium and Magnesium among a Population in Western Austria. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12071956. [PMID: 32630029 PMCID: PMC7400604 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary intake of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium has a strong impact on personal health. In order to understand possible correlations with regional occurrence of diseases and to develop new dietary strategies, it is necessary to evaluate food choices in defined geographic areas. The aim of this study was to analyze daily consumption and major food sources of electrolytes with an emphasis on dietary patterns. In this representative, cross-sectional study, daily foods of 463 adults were assessed with two nonconsecutive 24-h recalls. Our results show high sodium and low potassium consumption in all age groups in both men and women. Furthermore, more than half of investigated persons had low calcium, and 40% indicated low dietary magnesium intake. Only 1% of our study population reached the recommended values for all electrolytes, while 13% consumed adequate levels of three electrolytes. Moreover, 14% did not reach reference levels for any of the four minerals. A further comparison of dietary patterns and food preferences showed significant differences in major food groups including nonalcoholic drinks, fruits, vegetables, legumes, milk products, vegetable oil, bread and sweets. Our results are important for further evaluations of nutrition intake and the development of new dietary strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Schiefermeier-Mach
- Department of Health Care and Nursing, FH Gesundheit, Health University of Applied Sciences Tyrol, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Sabrina Egg
- Department of Dietetics, FH Gesundheit, Health University of Applied Sciences Tyrol, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.E.); (J.E.)
| | - Judith Erler
- Department of Dietetics, FH Gesundheit, Health University of Applied Sciences Tyrol, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.E.); (J.E.)
| | - Verena Hasenegger
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (V.H.); (P.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Petra Rust
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (V.H.); (P.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Jürgen König
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (V.H.); (P.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Anna Elisabeth Purtscher
- Department of Dietetics, FH Gesundheit, Health University of Applied Sciences Tyrol, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.E.); (J.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-512-5322-76738
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45
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Filippini T, Naska A, Kasdagli MI, Torres D, Lopes C, Carvalho C, Moreira P, Malavolti M, Orsini N, Whelton PK, Vinceti M. Potassium Intake and Blood Pressure: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e015719. [PMID: 32500831 PMCID: PMC7429027 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.015719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Epidemiologic studies, including trials, suggest an association between potassium intake and blood pressure (BP). However, the strength and shape of this relationship is uncertain. Methods and Results We performed a meta‐analysis to explore the dose‐response relationship between potassium supplementation and BP in randomized‐controlled trials with a duration ≥4 weeks using the recently developed 1‐stage cubic spline regression model. This model allows use of trials with at least 2 exposure categories. We identified 32 eligible trials. Most were conducted in adults with hypertension using a crossover design and potassium supplementation doses that ranged from 30 to 140 mmol/d. We observed a U‐shaped relationship between 24‐hour active and control arm differences in potassium excretion and BP levels, with weakening of the BP reduction effect above differences of 30 mmol/d and a BP increase above differences ≈80 mmol/d. Achieved potassium excretion analysis also identified a U‐shaped relationship. The BP‐lowering effects of potassium supplementation were stronger in participants with hypertension and at higher levels of sodium intake. The BP increase with high potassium excretion was noted in participants with antihypertensive drug‐treated hypertension but not in their untreated counterparts. Conclusions We identified a nonlinear relationship between potassium intake and both systolic and diastolic BP, although estimates for BP effects of high potassium intakes should be interpreted with caution because of limited availability of trials. Our findings indicate an adequate intake of potassium is desirable to achieve a lower BP level but suggest excessive potassium supplementation should be avoided, particularly in specific subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Filippini
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - Androniki Naska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Maria-Iosifina Kasdagli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Duarte Torres
- EPIUnit-Institute of Public Health University of Porto Portugal.,Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences University of Porto Portugal
| | - Carla Lopes
- EPIUnit-Institute of Public Health University of Porto Portugal.,Unit of Epidemiology Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Portugal
| | - Catarina Carvalho
- EPIUnit-Institute of Public Health University of Porto Portugal.,Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences University of Porto Portugal
| | - Pedro Moreira
- EPIUnit-Institute of Public Health University of Porto Portugal.,Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences University of Porto Portugal
| | - Marcella Malavolti
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - Nicola Orsini
- Department of Global Public Health Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
| | - Paul K Whelton
- Department of Epidemiology Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, and School of Medicine New Orleans LA
| | - Marco Vinceti
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy.,Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA
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Morrissey E, Giltinan M, Kehoe L, Nugent AP, McNulty BA, Flynn A, Walton J. Sodium and Potassium Intakes and Their Ratio in Adults (18-90 y): Findings from the Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey. Nutrients 2020; 12:E938. [PMID: 32231006 PMCID: PMC7231049 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
An individual's sodium to potassium intake ratio (Na:K) has been shown to be an important predictor of hypertension. The aim of this study was to estimate the mean 24 h urinary Na, K and Na:K of Irish adults and to identify the foods that determine Na:K in a nationally representative sample of Irish adults. This study was based on data from the Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey (2008-2010) (NANS), which collected spot urine samples and dietary data in a nationally representative sample of Irish adults aged 18+ years. The mean urinary molar Na:K of Irish men and women was 1.90 and 2.15, respectively, which exceed target molar ratios of ≤1.0 and ≤2.0. The mean estimated 24-h urinary excretion of Na was 4631 mg for men and 3525 mg for women, which exceed target maximum population intakes for all gender and age groups. The mean estimated 24-h urinary excretion of K was 3894 mg for men and 2686 mg for women, with intakes in women of all ages and older men (65+ years) below current recommendations. The key foods positively associated with a lower Na:K were fruits, vegetables, potatoes, breakfast cereals, milk, yogurt and fresh meat, while the foods negatively associated with a lower Na:K were breads, cured and processed meats and butters and fat spreads. Strategies to reduce sodium and increase potassium intakes are necessary to lower population Na:K, which may help to reduce the burden of hypertension-related diseases in the Irish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Morrissey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, T12928 Cork, Ireland
| | - Miriam Giltinan
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - Laura Kehoe
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - Anne P. Nugent
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Breige A. McNulty
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Albert Flynn
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - Janette Walton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, T12928 Cork, Ireland
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
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Górska-Warsewicz H, Rejman K, Laskowski W, Kowalcze K. Food Sources of Potassium in the Average Polish Diet. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2905. [PMID: 31805745 PMCID: PMC6950722 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the food sources of potassium in the average Polish diet based on the data from the 2016 Household Budget Survey conducted on the representative sample of the Polish population (36,886 households, n = 99,230). This survey is organized by the Central Statistical Office and is related to the expenditures, quantitative consumption and revenues in households. We analyzed 91 sub-groups (i.e., milk, red meat) from 13 food categories (i.e., milk and dairy products, meat and products). Our findings indicated that the daily supply of potassium in the average Polish diet was 2617.9 mg, which meant covering the average allowance in 83%. Vegetables provided 32.5% of potassium, of which potatoes accounted for 16.2% of supply, and other vegetables for 16.2%. Tomatoes as well as other vegetables and mushrooms provided a total of 8.2% of potassium among vegetables. The next position was taken by the meat and meat products category (17.7%), with the largest share of meat products (6.7%) and red meat (5.2%). Cereal products supplied 16.64% of potassium, of which bread, rolls and bread products (12.2%) were of the greatest importance. Milk and dairy products turned out to be the fourth product category as a source of potassium (11.9%), with the highest share of milk (6.8%) and yoghurts and milk drinks (3.9%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Górska-Warsewicz
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (K.R.); (W.L.)
| | - Krystyna Rejman
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (K.R.); (W.L.)
| | - Wacław Laskowski
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (K.R.); (W.L.)
| | - Katarzyna Kowalcze
- Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland;
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Oliveira H, Muniz JA, Bandarra NM, Castanheira I, Coelho IR, Delgado I, Gonçalves S, Lourenço HM, Motta C, Duarte MP, Nunes ML, Gonçalves A. Effects of Industrial Boiling on the Nutritional Profile of Common Octopus ( Octopus vulgaris). Foods 2019; 8:E411. [PMID: 31547442 PMCID: PMC6770756 DOI: 10.3390/foods8090411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrial cooking of common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) under well-established procedures is advantageous for current consumers, which demand healthy and convenient food. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of industrial water boiling, without the addition of salt, on the nutritional profile of common octopus. True retentions (TRs) were calculated for essential nutrients and toxic elements. After boiling, the moisture content decreased, resulting in a concentration of other constituents (protein, fat, fatty acids, majority of amino acids, phosphorus, zinc, and iodine). High TRs were obtained for some essential nutrients: 90.2% (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA), 89.1% (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA), ≥74.6% (indispensable amino acids, IAA), and 86.8% (iodine). In both raw and boiled octopus, polyunsaturated fatty acids (252.2 and 425.1 mg/100 g), leucine (940.1 and 1613.4 mg/100 g), glutamate (1971.5 and 3257.1 mg/100 g), sodium (393.3 and 332.5 mg/100 g), and zinc (12.6 and 16.6 mg/kg) were, respectively, the most abundant fatty acids, IAA, dispensable amino acids, macro, and micro elements. Cadmium, lead, and mercury levels found in boiled octopus were 0.02, 0.10, and 0.08 mg/kg, respectively. The consumption of 150 g (usual portion) of boiled octopus is advisable because it contributes to significant daily intakes of EPA+DHA (>100%), selenium (75.6%), and iodine (12.4%), and 25% of the daily adequate intake of sodium for adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Oliveira
- IPMA, I.P., Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal.
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - José António Muniz
- IPMA, I.P., Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal.
- MEtRICs/DCTB, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Narcisa Maria Bandarra
- IPMA, I.P., Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Isabel Castanheira
- INSA, I.P., National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Food and Nutrition Department, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Inês Ribeiro Coelho
- INSA, I.P., National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Food and Nutrition Department, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Inês Delgado
- INSA, I.P., National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Food and Nutrition Department, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Susana Gonçalves
- IPMA, I.P., Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Helena Maria Lourenço
- IPMA, I.P., Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Carla Motta
- INSA, I.P., National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Food and Nutrition Department, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Maria Paula Duarte
- MEtRICs/DCTB, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Maria Leonor Nunes
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Amparo Gonçalves
- IPMA, I.P., Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal.
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
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Kramer CS, Szmidt MK, Sicinska E, Brzozowska A, Santoro A, Franceschi C, de Groot LCPGM, Berendsen AAM. The Elderly-Nutrient Rich Food Score Is Associated With Biochemical Markers of Nutritional Status in European Older Adults. Front Nutr 2019; 6:150. [PMID: 31572729 PMCID: PMC6749059 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In order to prevent age-related degenerative diseases in the aging population, their diets should be nutrient dense. For this purpose, the Elderly-Nutrient rich food (E-NRF7.3) score has been developed to assess nutrient density of diets by capturing dietary reference values for older adults. To demonstrate its practical importance such score should be validated against markers of nutritional status and health. Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the association between the E-NRF7.3 score and markers of nutritional status and inflammation. Design: This study was carried out in a sample of the NU-AGE study including 242 Dutch and 210 Polish men and women, aged 65-79 years. Dietary intake was assessed by means of 7-day food records and structured questionnaires collected data on supplement use, lifestyle, and socio-economic information. Baseline measurements included anthropometrics, physical and cognitive function tests, and a fasting venipuncture. E-NRF7.3 scores were calculated to estimate nutrient density of foods and the diet. Associations between the E-NRF7.3 scores and micronutrient status of vitamin D, folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine, and c-reactive protein (CRP) were examined using linear regression analysis while adjusting for confounders. Results: Each one unit increase in E-NRF7.3 score was associated with a 2.2% increase in serum folate in Dutch and 1.6% increase in Polish participants in the fully adjusted models (both p < 0.01). Each one unit increase in E-NRF7.3 was significantly associated with a 1.5% decrease in homocysteine levels in Dutch participants (p < 0.01), whereas, a 0.9% increase in vitamin B12 levels was observed in Polish participants only (p < 0.01). Higher E-NRF7.3 scores were not associated with vitamin D or CRP levels. Adjustment for potential confounders did not substantially alter these results. Discussion: The E-NRF7.3 was developed to reflect dietary intake of relevant nutrients for older adults. Its association with markers of nutritional status could be confirmed for folate (both populations), vitamin B12 (Poland only), and homocysteine (the Netherlands only). There was no association with vitamin D and CRP. To further demonstrate its validity and practical implication, future studies should include a wider range of nutritional status makers, health outcomes, and inflammation markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte S. Kramer
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Maria K. Szmidt
- Department of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences–SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Sicinska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences–SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Brzozowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences–SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Institute of Information Technology, Mathematics and Mechanics (ITMM), Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod-National Research University (UNN), Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | | | - Agnes A. M. Berendsen
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Berendsen AAM, Kramer CS, de Groot LCPGM. The Newly Developed Elderly Nutrient-Rich Food Score Is a Useful Tool to Assess Nutrient Density in European Older Adults. Front Nutr 2019; 6:119. [PMID: 31457017 PMCID: PMC6688200 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To develop a nutrient-rich food (NRF) score that captures dietary reference values for older adults and to validate this against a diet index that was specifically designed to assess adherence to dietary guidelines for the older population. Design: A cross-sectional study within the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey (DNFCS, n = 735 men and women aged 70-94 years, enrolled between October 2010 and February 2012) and within the NU-AGE study (n = 250 men and women aged 65-79 years, enrolled between April 2012 and March 2013). Dietary intake was assessed by means of two non-consecutive dietary record assisted 24-h recalls and 7-day food records, respectively. Structured questionnaires collected data on lifestyle and socio-economic information. Anthropometrics were measured by trained dieticians or research assistants. We evaluated Elderly NRF (E-NRF) scores against the NU-AGE index, a measure of adherence to European dietary guidelines for the aging population. The E-NRF scores were composed of nutrients that: (1) have been shown to be of inadequate intake in the aging population (>20%), (2) were defined as nutrients of public health relevance, and (3) were associated with relevant health outcomes. Results: The E-NRF score that best predicted the NU-AGE index included seven nutrients to encourage (protein, dietary fiber, folate, vitamin D, calcium, magnesium, potassium) and three nutrients to limit (saturated fat, sodium and mono- and disaccharides) on a 100-kcal basis, the E-NRF7.3 score (model R2 0.27 in DNFCS and 0.41 in NU-AGE). Food groups contributing the most to the individual E-NRF7.3 scores were vegetables, bread, potatoes and milk and milk products. Conclusion: The E-NRF7.3 score is a useful tool for assessing nutrient density of diets within the older population. No index has previously been developed with the aim of evaluating nutrient density of diets and foods specifically capturing dietary reference values for older adults.
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