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Sablik M, Sannier A, Raynaud M, Goutaudier V, Divard G, Astor BC, Weng P, Smith J, Garro R, Warady BA, Zahr RS, Twombley K, Dharnidharka VR, Dandamudi RS, Fila M, Huang E, Sellier-Leclerc AL, Tönshoff B, Rabant M, Verine J, Del Bello A, Berney T, Boyer O, Catar RA, Danger R, Giral M, Yoo D, Girardin FR, Alsadi A, Gourraud PA, Morelon E, Le Quintrec M, Try M, Villard J, Zhong W, Bestard O, Budde K, Chauveau B, Couzi L, Brouard S, Hogan J, Legendre C, Anglicheau D, Aubert O, Kamar N, Lefaucheur C, Loupy A. Microvascular Inflammation of Kidney Allografts and Clinical Outcomes. N Engl J Med 2025; 392:763-776. [PMID: 39450752 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2408835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heterogeneous clinical presentation of graft microvascular inflammation poses a major challenge to successful kidney transplantation. The effect of microvascular inflammation on allograft outcomes is unclear. METHODS We conducted a cohort study that included kidney-transplant recipients from more than 30 transplantation centers in Europe and North America who had undergone allograft biopsy between 2004 and 2023. We integrated clinical and pathological data to classify biopsy specimens according to the 2022 Banff Classification of Renal Allograft Pathology, which includes two new diagnostic categories: probable antibody-mediated rejection and microvascular inflammation without evidence of an antibody-mediated response. We then assessed the association between the newly recognized microvascular inflammation phenotypes and allograft survival and disease progression. RESULTS A total of 16,293 kidney-transplant biopsy specimens from 6798 patients were assessed. We identified the newly recognized microvascular inflammation phenotypes in 788 specimens, of which 641 were previously categorized as specimens with no evidence of rejection. As compared with patients without rejection, the hazard ratio for graft loss was 2.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5 to 3.1) among patients with microvascular inflammation without evidence of an antibody-mediated response and 2.7 (95% CI, 2.2 to 3.3) among patients with antibody-mediated rejection. Patients with a diagnosis of probable antibody-mediated rejection had a higher risk of graft failure beyond year 5 after biopsy than those without rejection (hazard ratio, 1.7; 95% CI, 0.8 to 3.5). Patients with a diagnosis of either newly recognized microvascular inflammation phenotype had a higher risk of progression of transplant glomerulopathy during follow-up than patients without microvascular inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Microvascular inflammation in kidney allografts includes distinct phenotypes, with various disease progression and allograft outcomes. Our findings support the clinical use of additional rejection phenotypes to standardize diagnostics for kidney allografts. (Funded by OrganX. ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT06496269.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sablik
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Aurélie Sannier
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Marc Raynaud
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Valentin Goutaudier
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Gillian Divard
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Brad C Astor
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Patricia Weng
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Jodi Smith
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Rouba Garro
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Bradley A Warady
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Rima S Zahr
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Katherine Twombley
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Vikas R Dharnidharka
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Raja S Dandamudi
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Marc Fila
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Edmund Huang
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Anne-Laure Sellier-Leclerc
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Burkhard Tönshoff
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Marion Rabant
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Jérôme Verine
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Arnaud Del Bello
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Thierry Berney
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Olivia Boyer
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Rusan Ali Catar
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Richard Danger
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Magali Giral
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Daniel Yoo
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - François R Girardin
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Alaa Alsadi
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Pierre-Antoine Gourraud
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Emmanuel Morelon
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Moglie Le Quintrec
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Mélanie Try
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Jean Villard
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Weixiong Zhong
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Oriol Bestard
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Klemens Budde
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Bertrand Chauveau
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Lionel Couzi
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Sophie Brouard
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Julien Hogan
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Christophe Legendre
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Dany Anglicheau
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Olivier Aubert
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Nassim Kamar
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Carmen Lefaucheur
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
| | - Alexandre Loupy
- From Université Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 970, Paris Institute for Transplantation and Organ Regeneration (M.S., A.S., M. Raynaud, V.G., G.D., D.Y., J.H., C. Legendre, O.A., C. Lefaucheur, A.L.), the Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (A.S.), the Kidney Transplant Department (G.D., C. Lefaucheur) and the Department of Pathology (J. Verine), Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, the Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M. Rabant), the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité (O. Boyer), the Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP (M.T., C. Legendre, D.A., O.A., A.L.), and the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP (J.H.), Paris, the Departments of Pediatric Nephrology (M.F.) and Nephrology (M.L.Q.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, the Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) (A.-L.S.-L.), and the Department of Transplantation, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, HCL, University of Lyon I (E.M.), Lyon, the Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse (A.B., N.K.), Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Institute of Urology-Nephrology Transplantation of the University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes (R.D., M.G., P.-A.G., S.B.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis, and Apheresis (L.C.), CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux - all in France; the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (B.C.A.), and the Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin (A.A., W.Z.) - both in Madison; Pediatric Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital (P.W.), and Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Transplant Center (E.H.) - both in Los Angeles; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.S.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta (R.G.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis (R.S.Z.); the Acute Dialysis Units, Pediatric Kidney Transplant, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (K.T.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension, and Apheresis, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (V.R.D., R.S.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (V.R.D.); the Department of Pediatrics I, University Children Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg (B.T.), and the Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (R.A.C., K.B.) - both in Germany; the Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (T.B.), and the Division of Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital of Geneva (J. Villard), Geneva, and the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne (F.R.G.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona (O. Bestard)
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