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©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Virol. Mar 25, 2024; 13(1): 91149
Published online Mar 25, 2024. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v13.i1.91149
Published online Mar 25, 2024. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v13.i1.91149
Table 1 Baseline bio-demographic characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 Hospitalizations with and without metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, n (%)
| Characteristics | Non-MASLD | MASLD | P value |
| Total hospitalizations | 2210 | 2210 | |
| Age in years at admission, median (IQR) | 66.0 (56.0, 76.0) | 58.0 (47.0, 68.0) | < 0.001 |
| Gender | 1 | ||
| Male | 965 (43.7) | 965 (43.7) | |
| Female | 1245 (56.3) | 1245 (56.3) | |
| Race | 1 | ||
| White | 1300 (58.8) | 1300 (58.8) | |
| Black | 125 (5.7) | 125 (5.7) | |
| Hispanic | 615 (27.8) | 615 (27.8) | |
| Asian | 85 (3.8) | 85 (3.8) | |
| Native American | 20 (0.9) | 20 (0.9) | |
| Other | 65 (2.9) | 65 (2.9) | |
| Region of the hospital | 0.49 | ||
| Northeast | 375 (17.0) | 340 (15.4) | |
| Midwest | 535 (24.2) | 610 (27.6) | |
| South | 860 (38.9) | 885 (40.0) | |
| West | 440 (19.9) | 375 (17.0) | |
| Location/Teaching status of the hospital | 0.12 | ||
| Rural | 295 (13.3) | 250 (11.3) | |
| Urban nonteaching | 440 (19.9) | 345 (15.6) | |
| Urban teaching | 1475 (66.7) | 1615 (73.1) | |
| Primary payer | < 0.001 | ||
| Medicare | 1120 (54.1) | 820 (39.2) | |
| Medicaid | 285 (13.8) | 310 (14.8) | |
| Private | 595 (28.7) | 845 (40.4) | |
| Other | 70 (3.4) | 115 (5.5) | |
| Median household income national quartile for patient ZIP code | 0.55 | ||
| 1st (0-25th) | 710 (32.8) | 760 (35.1) | |
| 2nd (26th -50th) | 575 (26.6) | 615 (28.4) | |
| 3rd (51st -75th) | 540 (24.9) | 515 (23.8) | |
| 4th (76th -100th) | 340 (15.7) | 275 (12.7) | |
| Disposition of patient | 0.28 | ||
| Discharged to home or self-care (Routine discharge) | 1320 (59.7) | 1465 (66.3) | |
| Transfer to short-term hospital | 90 (4.1) | 50 (2.3) | |
| Transfer Other: Includes skilled nursing facility, intermediate care facility, Another Type of Facility | 265 (12.0) | 200 (9.0) | |
| Home health care | 295 (13.3) | 280 (12.7) | |
| Against medical advice | 20 (0.9) | 25 (1.1) | |
| Outcomes | |||
| Inpatient mortality | 220 (10.0) | 190 (8.6) | 0.49 |
| Inpatient mortality in cirrhosis | 418 (18.91) | 226 (10.22) | 0.05 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 150 (6.8) | 220 (10.0) | < 0.001 |
| ICU admission | 160 (7.2) | 210 (9.5) | 0.007 |
| Length of stay, median (IQR) | 5.0 (3.0, 8.0) | 5.0 (3.0, 8.0) | 0.25 |
| Total charges, median (IQR) | 38614.0 (22040.5, 70258.5) | 42081.5 (23021.0, 79820.5) | 0.15 |
Table 2 Inpatient outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 hospitalizations with and without metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, n (%)
| Secondary outcomes | No MASLD | MASLD | P value |
| Total hospitalizations | 2210 | 2210 | |
| ARDS | 125 (5.7) | 160 (7.2) | 0.032 |
| Hypoxic respiratory failure | 1105 (50.0) | 1220 (55.2) | < 0.001 |
| Bacterial pneumonia | 35 (1.6) | 45 (2.0) | 0.26 |
| Diarrhea | 185 (8.4) | 145 (6.6) | 0.022 |
| Septic shock | 60 (2.7) | 115 (5.2) | < 0.001 |
| Supraventricular tachycardia | 25 (1.1) | 30 (1.4) | 0.5 |
| Ventricular tachycardia | 10 (0.5) | 30 (1.4) | 0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 165 (7.5) | 170 (7.7) | 0.78 |
| Aflutter | 100 (4.5) | 80 (3.6) | 0.13 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 35 (1.6) | 30 (1.4) | 0.53 |
| Deep venous thrombosis | 75 (3.4) | 65 (2.9) | 0.39 |
| Compensated cirrhosis | 635 (28.7) | 635 (28.7) | 1 |
| Decompensated cirrhosis | 45 (2.0) | 45 (2.0) | 1 |
- Citation: Sohail A, Ali H, Patel P, Subramanium S, Dahiya DS, Sohail AH, Gangwani MK, Satapathy SK. Impact of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease on COVID-19 hospitalizations: A propensity-matched analysis of the United States. World J Virol 2024; 13(1): 91149
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3249/full/v13/i1/91149.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v13.i1.91149