Perilipin2 inhibits the replication of hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid by regulating autophagy under high-fat conditions

Table 1 Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of HBsAg-positive patients with high and low viral load using 10⁴ copies per mL as the cutoff point, n (%)

Factors	ALL	High HBV DNA	Low HBV DNA	P value
	Case n = 1603	Case n = 815	Case n = 788
Demographic
Age (yr)	52 (43–60)	51 (40–60)	53 (45–61)	0.010
Male gender	1015 (63.28)	131 (69.6)	401 (68.2)	0.703
Laboratory tests
FBG (mmol/L)	5.10 (4.61–5.87)	5.00 (4.5–5.7)	5.21 (4.77–6.00)	< 0.001
ALT (U/L)	47.95 (25.00–109.92)	68.3 (37.1–155.83)	31.7 (20.3–67.7)	< 0.001
AST (U/L)	41.19 (25.00–81.97)	52.95 (33.33–106.8)	29.86 (21.31–55.55)	< 0.001
ALP (U/L)	81.40 (63.63–109.00)	85.30 (66.00–116.60)	76.65 (61.9–104.00)	0.003
γ-GGT (U/L)	51.20 (22.89–113.36)	60.00 (29.13–135.00)	41.60 (18.97–100.12)	0.038
LDH (U/L)	194.8 (170.23–231.10)	196.00 (171.56–239.00)	194.00 (168.94–224.61)	0.006
Albumin (g/L)	40.70 (35.33–44.70)	39.60 (33.02–43.51)	41.96 (37.49–45.80)	0.045
Total bilirubin (µmol/L)	16.53 (11.63–25.24)	17.60 (12.20–27.70)	15.39 (11.37–23.20)	0.165
Bile acids (µg/mL)	11.00 (5.18–30.00)	14.30 (6.30–34.20)	8.70 (4.26–23.88)	0.002
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.25 (3.55–5.01)	4.19 (3.50–4.92)	4.37 (3.61–5.10)	0.517
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.06 (0.73–1.53)	1.02 (0.73–1.44)	1.12 (0.74–1.71)	< 0.001
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.15 (0.90–1.41)	1.19 (0.91–1.43)	1.12 (0.89–1.38)	0.029
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.40 (1.87–2.98)	2.27 (1.76–2.89)	2.51 (1.95–3.10)	0.018
apoA (g/L)	1.19 (1.01–1.38)	1.14 (0.99–1.27)	1.18 (1.02–1.39)	0.849
apoB (g/L)	0.87 (0.70–1.06)	0.84 (0.69–1.01)	0.91 (0.73–1.10)	0.002
Steatosis	163 (10.2)	25 (3.1)	138 (17.5)	< 0.001
HBeAg sero-positive	661 (41.2)	460(56.4)	201 (25.5)	< 0.001

HBV: Chronic hepatitis B virus; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; ALT: Alanine Aminotransferase; AST: Aspartateaminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline Posphatase; LDH: lactic dehydrogenase; HDL: High density lipoprotein; LDL: Low- density lipoprotein; apo-A: Apolipoprotein-A; apo-B: Apolipoprotein-B.

Table 2 Clinical characteristics of HBeAg-seropositive and HBeAg-seronegative patients with high and low viral load using 10⁴ copies per mL as the cutoff point, n (%)

Factors	HBeAg sero-positive			HBeAg sero-negative
	High HBV DNA	Low HBV DNA	P value	High HBV DNA	Low HBV DNA	P value
	Case n = 460	Case n = 201		Case n = 355	Case n = 587
Demographic
Age (yr)	45 (36–59)	50 (40–59)	0.106	54 (45–61)	55 (46–61)	0.564
Male gender	314 (68.2)	137 (68.1)	0.412	128 (56.6)	93 (68.4)	0.026
Laboratory tests
FBG (mmol/L)	4.83 (4.40–5.35)	5.10 (4.60–5.90)	< 0.001	5.23 (4.73–6.20)	5.28 (4.80–6.06)	0.795
ALT (U/L)	83.21 (43.45–190.62)	51.60 (26.62–120.07)	< 0.001	53.00 (3200–127.00)	27.60 (19.38–53.60)	< 0.001
AST (U/L)	59.30 (38.01–130.1)	46.85 (26.00–93.18)	< 0.001	46.50 (37.57–116.55)	27.00 (20.72–46.47)	< 0.001
ALP (U/L)	87.50 (67.98–117.09)	90.18 (67.00–127.15)	0.489	83.40 (65.20–111.90)	74.00 (60.00–96.00)	< 0.001
γ-GGT (U/L)	64.61 (33.50–139.92)	68.25 (33.25–145.87)	0.615	52.00 (21.90–115.69)	69.6 (33.40–164.30)	< 0.001
LDH (U/L)	195.00 (171.92–238.32)	193.40 (167.37–228.97)	0.38	197.00 (170.08–239.14)	194.00 (169.00–222.39)	0.077
Albumin (g/L)	39.40 (32.81–43.36)	40.30 (34.89–44.50)	0.026	54.00 (45.00–61.50)	43.90 (38.00–47.70)	< 0.001
Total bilirubin (µmol/L)	17.90 (12.40–28.35)	17.80 (13.21–32.52)	0.751	17.20 (11.9–27.00)	14.71 (11.08–22.47)	< 0.001
Bile acids (ug/mL)	16.60 (8.01—38.77)	16.50 (8.01–41.52)	0.904	10.06 (4.98–27.50)	7.07 (3.73–16.54)	< 0.001
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.16 (3.50–4.85)	4.00 (3.30–4.83)	0.674	4.22 (3.49–5.01)	4.46 (3.71–5.15)	0.019
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.03 (0.73–1.44)	1.08 (0.71–1.71)	0.429	1.04 (0.73–1.41)	1.14 (0.75–1.72)	0.002
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.19 (0.90–1.43)	1.08 (0.81–1.40)	0.041	1.20 (0.92–1.44)	1.12 (0.91–1.38)	0.13
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.25 (1.76–2.90)	2.41 (1.89–3.06)	0.041	2.31 (1.72–2.87)	2.54 (1.97–3.12)	< 0.001
apoA (g/L)	1.17 (0.97–1.35)	1.15 (0.92–1.30)	0.204	1.21 (1.00–1.40)	1.20 (1.04–1.41)	0.624
apoB (g/L)	0.85 (0.69–1.02)	0.91 (0.70–1.12)	0.01	0.83 (0.68–1.00)	0.91 (0.74–1.09)	< 0.001
Steatosis	11 (2.4)	37 (18.4)	< 0.001	11 (3.0%)	101 (17.2)	< 0.001

HBV: Chronic hepatitis B virus; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; ALT: Alanine Aminotransferase; AST: Aspartateaminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline Posphatase; LDH: Lactic dehydrogenase; HDL: High density lipoprotein; LDL: Low- density lipoprotein; apo-A: Apolipoprotein-A; apo-B: Apolipoprotein-B.

Table 3 Results of univariate and multivariate analyses on lipid level and steatosis and chronic hepatitis B viru deoxyribonucleic acid load

	P value	OR (95%CI)
HBsAg sero-positive
Steatosis	< 0.001	0.15 (0.10–0.23)
Triglyceride	0.027	0.83 (0.70–0.98)
apoA	0.009	0.47 (0.26–0.83)
apoB	0.905	0.99 (0.91–1.08)
Cholesterol	0.009	1.39 (1.09–1.77)
HDL-C	0.171	1.38 (0.87–2.18)
LDL-C	< 0.001	0.59 (0.45–0.77)
HBeAg sero-positive
Steatosis	< 0.001	0.11 (0.05–0.22)
Triglyceride	0.077	0.74 (0.53–1.03)
apoA	0.846	1.10 (0.41–2.96)
apoB	0.5	0.69 (0.23–2.02)
Cholesterol	< 0.001	2.33 (1.55–3.51)
HDL-C	0.204	0.61 (0.29–1.30)
LDL-C	< 0.001	0.38 (0.24–0.60)
HBeAg sero-negative
Steatosis	< 0.001	0.19 (0.11–0.35)
Triglyceride	0.002	0.69 (0.55–0.87)
apoA	0.209	0.62 (0.29–1.31)
apoB	0.713	1.02 (0.91–1.14)
Cholesterol	0.004	1.69 (1.19–2.40)
HDL-C	0.904	0.96 (0.51–1.81)
LDL-C	< 0.001	0.46 (0.31–0.67)

HBV: Chronic hepatitis B virus; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; ALT: Alanine Aminotransferase; AST: Aspartateaminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline Posphatase; LDH: Lactic dehydrogenase; HDL: High density lipoprotein; LDL: Low- density lipoprotein; apo-A: Apolipoprotein-A; apo-B: Apolipoprotein-B.