Animal models for SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 pathogenesis, transmission and therapeutic evaluation

Table 1 Comparison of available animal models for SARS-CoV-2 infection

No.	Animal model	Upper respiratory tract	Lower respiratory tract	Feces/Fecal swab	Contact transmission	Airborne transmission	Weight loss	Ref.
1	Cat (6 to 9 mo)	Infectious virus	Nil	Present	Not reported	33%	Not reported	[72]
2	Chicken	Nil	Nil	Not reported	Nil	Not reported	Not reported	[72]
3	Dog	Nil	Nil	Present	Nil	Not reported	Not reported	[72]
4	Duck	Nil	Nil	Not reported	Nil	Not reported	Not reported	[72]
5	Ferret	Infectious virus	Infectious virus	Present	100%	30%	Not reported	[72,73]
6	hACE2 mouse	Not reported	Infectious titer	Infectious titer	Not reported	Not reported	Present	[57]
7	Hamster	Infectious titer	Infectious titer	Infectious titer	100%	Not reported	Present	[59]
8	Kitten	Infectious titer	Infectious titer	Not reported	Not reported	33%	Not reported	[72]
9	Macaque	Present	Present	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Nil	[80]
10	Pig	Nil	Nil	Not reported	Nil	Not reported	Not reported	[72]