• MDD
• PHQ-4
• anxiety disorder
• population-based
• risk assessment

• Humans
• Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology
• Depressive Disorder, Major/diagnosis
• Male
• Female
• Taiwan/epidemiology
• Middle Aged
• Patient Health Questionnaire/statistics & numerical data
• Adult
• Aged
• Anxiety/epidemiology
• Surveys and Questionnaires

• Adolescence
• Depression
• Item response theory
• PHQ-8
• Patient health questionnaire

• Adult
• Humans
• Adolescent
• Child
• Patient Health Questionnaire
• Depression/diagnosis
• Anhedonia
• Surveys and Questionnaires
• Psychometrics

• Japanese PLHIV
• adherence
• shared decision-making

• acculturation
• asian americans
• cognitive function
• english proficiency
• linguistic adaptation
• older immigrants

Many human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients suffer from depr-ession, but a little focus is given to detecting and treating depression in primary health care. Detection of depression can be improved by introducing short, reliable, and valid screening instruments.

To determine the psychometric properties of the patient health questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) and patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depression screening and diagnosis, and the sensitivity and specificity of the PHQ-2 in HIV infected patients.

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 158 HIV-infected patients aged 18 years and above in Lahore, Pakistan. PHQ-2 was implemented to screen depression. PHQ-9 was implemented to diagnose major depressive disorder as a reference standard. Reliability, Validity tests and receiver operating characteristic curve were computed.

The Cronbach's alpha of PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 were 0.732 and 0.759, respectively. The study results showed that the score of 2 on PHQ-2 indicates the highest Youden's index of 0.924, with both sensitivity and specificity of 0.96, and the area under the curve for PHQ-2 was 0.98 (95%CI: 0.953-0.998).

Good psychometric properties for the PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 indicated their significant potential as tools for depression screening and diagnosis in the HIV-infected population.

• Depression
• Validity
• Patient health questionnaire-9
• Patient health questionnaire-2
• HIV/AIDS
• Lahore
• Pakistan

• Concussion
• Eye Movement Measurements
• Football (Soccer)
• Return to Sport
• Rugby Union

• Eye movement measurements
• Football (soccer)
• Reproducibility of results
• Return to sport
• Rugby Union

• goal-directed care
• quality
• safety

• Aged
• Continuity of Patient Care
• Delivery of Health Care
• Humans
• Reproducibility of Results

• Behavioural activation
• Child abuse
• Cognitive behavioural therapy
• Implementation
• Internet-based psychotherapy
• Postnatal depression

• Coping strategies
• General population
• Mental health
• Prevalence
• Risk factor for increased depression
• The second wave of COVID-19

• Post-deployment screening
• deployment
• depression
• mental health
• psychometric properties

• Depressive symptoms
• Help-seeking behaviour
• Social support
• Wuhan communities

• Depression
• Japan
• Patient satisfaction
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Shared decision-making
• Treatment preference fit

• Janssen Pharmaceuticals

• Adjustment disorders
• Anxiety
• Behavioral activation therapy
• Cancer
• Depression
• Psychotherapy

• COPD
• Concordance
• Depression
• Factorial validity
• Measurement invariance
• PHQ
• Pulmonary rehabilitation

• Depressive Disorder/complications
• Depressive Disorder/diagnosis
• Depressive Disorder/psychology
• Female
• Germany
• Humans
• Inpatients/psychology
• Inpatients/statistics & numerical data
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Patient Health Questionnaire/standards
• Psychometrics
• Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications
• Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/psychology
• Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/rehabilitation
• Reproducibility of Results
• Translations

Prolonged inflammation and infection associated with being critically ill and the ensuing physical inactivity has proven negative effects on the recovery of physical function, psychological health and reintegration into society for intensive care unit (ICU) survivors. Limited evidence is available on changes in biopsychosocial outcomes for South Africans recovering from an episode of critical illness.

To determine changes in biopsychosocial outcomes for a mixed cohort of ICU survivors in hospital and at 1 month and 6 months after discharge.

A prospective, observational, longitudinal study was conducted. Severity of illness, mechanical ventilation (MV) duration and ICU and hospital length of stay (LOS) were recorded. Physical function in ICU test-scored (PFIT-s) was performed at discharge from ICU and hospital. At 1 month and 6 months, peripheral muscle strength, exercise endurance, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), depression status and return to work were assessed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used.

Participants (n = 24) had a median age of 51.5 years, majority were male (n = 19; 79%) and most were employed before admission (n = 20; 83%). At 6 months, 11 participants (n = 11) were part of the final sample. Median PFIT-s changed significantly (0.3 points; p = 0.02) between ICU and hospital discharge. Peripheral muscle strength improved significantly for upper and lower limbs over 6 months (p = 0.00–0.03) but change in median 6-minute walk test distance (65m) was not significantly different. Significant improvements occurred in mean Medical Outcomes Short Form-36 (SF-36) physical health component scores (8.8 ± 7.6; p = 0.00). Mean SF-36 mental health component scores had a strong negative relationship with MV duration (r = −0.7; p = 0.01), LOS (r = −0.56; p = 0.04) and Patient Health Questionnaire 9 scores (r = −0.72; p = 0.01). Six participants (55%) returned to employment.

Clinically important improvements in biopsychosocial outcomes related to physical function and social factors were observed. Limitations in mental aspects of HRQOL were present at 6 months and some reported mild depressive symptoms.

Intensive care unit survivors with a history of prolonged MV duration and hospital LOS who exhibit limitations in mental HRQOL, and signs of depressive symptoms should be referred to a psychologist for evaluation.

• Depression
• Patient Health Questionnaire
• Screening
• Spinal cord injury

• central nervous system
• cognitive deficit
• depression
• fatigue
• myotonic dystrophy type 1
• quality of life

To determine the prevalence of depression among Japanese people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and explore the relationships between depression and an array of variables.

Nation-wide, cross-sectional online survey (n = 500) of people with RA including the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to measure the presence and severity of depressive symptoms were performed.

While only 5% of the population studied had been officially diagnosed with depression, 35% had PHQ-9 scores indicating depression was present. People with RA are more likely to experience depression if they are younger, have greater functional impairment, or whose treatment regimen includes pain medications not biologic agents.

It is a potential risk of under-diagnosis and under-reporting of depression in Japanese people with RA. People with RA are more likely to experience depression if they are younger, have greater functional impairment, or whose treatment regimen includes pain medications without biologic drugs.

The online version of this article (10.1186/s41927-017-0003-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

• Depression
• PHQ-9
• Prevalence
• Rheumatoid arthritis

• Japan
• productivity costs
• rheumatoid arthritis
• sick leave

This study aimed to explore cut-off scores of the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) for depression screening in Chinese rural elderly.

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 839 residents aged 60 years and above in rural areas of Liuyang County. PHQ-9 was adopted to evaluate depression. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID-I) was adopted to diagnose major depressive disorder (MDD) as a golden standard. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, positive and negative likelihood ratio, Youden’s index and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were analyzed on PHQ-9 and PHQ-2.

The Cronbach's alphas of PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 were 0.82 and 0.76, respectively. The score of 8 of the PHQ-9 showed the highest Youden’s index of 0.85, with a sensitivity of 0.97 and specificity of 0.89 respectively, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.96–0.98). The score of 3 of PHQ-2 showed the highest Youden’s index of 0.79, with both sensitivity and specificity were 0.90 and the AUC was 0.94 (95% CI: 0.90–0.97).

Both PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 are valid screening instruments for depression in the rural elderly in China, with recommended cut-off scores of 8 and 3 respectively.

• Aged
• China
• Depression/diagnosis
• Female
• Humans
• Male
• ROC Curve
• Rural Population
• Surveys and Questionnaires