Robot-assisted vs hand-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy in the United Kingdom: Equivalent outcomes in the first national series

Table 1 Patient characteristics following case-control matching analysis, n (%)

	HALDN (n = 70)	RALDN (n = 70)	P value
Male	34 (48.6)	34 (48.6)	1
Left	68 (97.1)	68 (97.1)	1
Number of arteries 1	61 (87.1)	61 (87.1)	1
More than 1	9 (12.9)	9 (12.9)
Age (mean ± SD)	43.19 ± 10.29	43.69 ± 10.14	0.75
BMI (mean ± SD)	26.36 ± 3.48	26.03 ± 3.28	0.57
History of previous abdominal surgeries	11 (15.7)	11 (15.7)	1

HALDN: Hand-assisted; RALDN: Robot-assisted; BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Primary outcomes, n (%)/mean ± SD

	HALDN (n = 70)	RALDN (n = 70)	P value
Duration of operation in minutes	247.14 ± 109.0	254.57 ± 108.2	0.62
Warm ischaemic time in minutes	2.76 ± 1.3	3.53 ± 1.4	< 0.001
Pain score
Day 1	1.84 ± 0.97	2.04 ± 0.84	0.20
Day 2	1.63 ± 0.89	1.61 ± 0.84	0.92
Day 3	0.93 ± 0.79	0.94 ± 0.68	0.91
Post-operative day at which PCA was down	2.39 ± 0.71	2.21 ± 0.76	0.17
Length of hospital stay	3.17 ± 1.15	4.21 ± 1.75	< 0.001
Complication rate	9 (12.9)	9 (12.9)
Clavien-Dindo II	7 (10)	5 (7.1)
Clavien-Dindo IIIa	0 (0)	1 (1.4)
Clavien-Dindo IIIb	2 (2.9)	3 (4.3)	1
Readmissions	7 (10)	5 (7.1)
Clavien-Dindo II	5 (7.1)	3 (4.2)
Clavien-Dindo IIIb	2 (2.9)	2 (2.9)	0.55
Reoperations	2 (2.9)	2 (2.9)
Intra-abdominal sepsis	1 (1.4)	0 (0)
Incisional hernia	1 (1.4)	1 (1.4)
Wound re-exploration	0 (0)	1 (1.4)	1
Creatinine (μmol/L)
Day 30	114.87 ± 26.1	110.89 ± 24.9	0.37
Day 365	111.81 ± 28.7	107.45 ± 18.8	0.37

HALDN: Hand-assisted; RALDN: Robot-assisted; PCA: Patient-controlled analgesics.

Table 3 Secondary outcomes, mean ± SD

Recipient creatinine (μmol/L)	HALDN (n = 70)	RALDN (n = 70)	P value
3 months	111.8 ± 34.7	119.4 ± 33.1	0.24
6 months	113.2 ± 31.3	115.7 ± 35.4	0.76
1 year	108.8 ± 25.5	118.8 ± 37.1	0.18

HALDN: Hand-assisted; RALDN: Robot-assisted.