Copyright
©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Transplant. Dec 18, 2025; 15(4): 109609
Published online Dec 18, 2025. doi: 10.5500/wjt.v15.i4.109609
Published online Dec 18, 2025. doi: 10.5500/wjt.v15.i4.109609
Table 1 Recipient characteristics based on vascular invasion, n (%)
| Recipient characteristics | None (n = 11672, 85.6%) | Microvascular invasion | Macrovascular invasion | P value |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 61.5 (6.8) | 61.2 (6.2) | 61.6 (6.5) | 0.97 |
| Gender, female | 2679 (22.9) | 322 (18.8) | 37 (14.5) | 0.10 |
| Model for end-stage liver disease | 12.2 (4.9) | 12.2 (5.0) | 12.2 (4.8) | 0.89 |
| AFP | ||||
| < 100 | 10,776 (92.2) | 1534 (89.6) | 220 (86.6) | 0.15 |
| 100 ≤ AFP < 1000 | 828 (7.0) | 168 (9.8) | 31 (12.2) | |
| ≥ 1000 | 68 (0.5) | 10 (0.5) | 3 (1.1) | |
| Etiology | ||||
| Hepatitis C virus | 7024 (60.1) | 1107 (64.6) | 152 (59.8) | 0.07 |
| Alcohol-associated liver disease | 1152 (9.8) | 155 (9.0) | 17 (6.6) | |
| Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease | 1486 (12.7) | 195 (11.3) | 37 (14.5) | |
| Hepatitis B virus | 732 (6.2) | 95 (5.5) | 13 (5.1) | |
| Other | 1278 (10.9) | 160 (9.3) | 35 (13.7) | |
| Tumor differentiation | ||||
| Complete necrosis | 3125 (26.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | < 0.001 |
| Well-differentiated | 2731 (23.4) | 203 (11.8) | 27 (10.6) | |
| Moderately-differentiated | 5211 (44.6) | 1201 (68.4) | 170 (61.0) | |
| Poorly-differentiated | 605 (5.1) | 303 (17.7) | 57 (22.4) | |
| Locoregional therapy | 7966 (68.2) | 1142 (66.7) | 183 (72.0) | 0.09 |
| Death | 2326 (19.9) | 572 (33.4) | 114 (44.8) | < 0.001 |
Table 2 Predictors of post-liver transplant survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
| Variable | Hazard ratio | 95%CI (lower) | 95%CI (upper) | P value |
| Tumor differentiation | ||||
| Complete necrosis | Reference | |||
| Well-differentiated | 1.159 | 1.027 | 1.307 | 0.016 |
| Moderately-differentiated | 1.343 | 1.2089 | 1.492 | < 0.001 |
| Poorly-differentiated | 2.346 | 2.037 | 2.703 | < 0.001 |
| Age (recipient) | 1.326 | 1.249 | 1.408 | < 0.001 |
| Vascular invasion | ||||
| None | Reference | |||
| Microvascular invasion | 1.459 | 1.323 | 1.607 | < 0.001 |
| Macrovascular invasion | 2.183 | 1.798 | 2.652 | < 0.001 |
| Largest tumor size | 1.029 | 1.021 | 1.037 | < 0.001 |
| Creatinine | 1.113 | 1.0729 | 1.155 | < 0.001 |
| Age (donor) | 1.063 | 1.040 | 1.086 | < 0.001 |
| Encephalopathy | 1.123 | 1.0286 | 1.227 | 0.01 |
| Recipient’s race | ||||
| White | Reference | |||
| Black | 1.153 | 1.021 | 1.300 | 0.02 |
| Asian | 0.757 | 0.644 | 0.891 | 0.001 |
| Male gender | 1.137 | 1.038 | 1.247 | 0.006 |
| Ascites | 1.109 | 1.018 | 1.209 | 0.02 |
- Citation: Öztürk NB, Gurakar MM, Parraga X, Alsaqa M, Sierra L, Currier E, Fakhoury B, Bonder A, Gurakar A, Saberi B. Association of vascular invasion and tumor differentiation on post-liver transplant outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Transplant 2025; 15(4): 109609
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3230/full/v15/i4/109609.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5500/wjt.v15.i4.109609