Abnormal invasive hemodynamics in heart transplant recipients: A single-center, retrospective study

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of recipients and cardiac donors at the time of transplant, n (%)

Recipients	n = 279
Age (years)	52 ± 13
Male sex	221 (79)
White	232 (83)
Black	41 (15)
Hispanic	4 (2)
Asian	2 (1)
Height (cm)	175 ± 10
Weight (kg)	86 ± 18
BMI (kg/m2)	28 ± 5
Ischemic cardiomyopathy	107 (38)
Presence of left ventricular assist device/total artificial heart	108 (39)
Donors
Age (years)	34 ± 11
Age ≥ 40 years	86 (31)
Male sex	168 (60)
Height (cm)	174 ± 10
Weight (kg)	90 ± 22
BMI (kg/m2)	30 ± 8
Ischemic time (minute)	219 ± 64
Male recipient/male donor	154 (55)
Male recipient/female donor	67 (24)
Female recipient/female donor	44 (16)
Female recipient/male donor	14 (5)
Donor-recipient PHM difference	1 ± 16
PHM difference < -15%	31 (11)

Numerical variables reported as mean and SD. BMI: Body mass index; PHM: Predicted heart mass.

Table 2 Clinical outcomes of heart transplant recipients at 1-year and 3-year post-transplant

	At transplant	1-year post transplant (n = 260)	3-year post-transplant (n = 230)
Survival	N/A	93%	85%
Weight (kg)	86 ± 18	88 ± 19	91 ± 20a
Body mass index	28 ± 5	28 ± 5	29 ± 6a
> 30 kg/m2	35%	36%	40%
Left ventricular ejection fraction (%)	N/A	59 ± 5	60 ± 6
< 50%	N/A	2%	2%
Presence of donor specific antibodies	N/A	23%	26%
Coronary artery vasculopathy
Grade 0	N/A	80%	75%
Grade 1	N/A	16%	18%
Grade 2-3	N/A	0%	4%

^aP < 0.05.

N/A: Not applicable.

Table 3 Hemodynamics by right heart catheterization at 1-year and 3-year post-transplant

	1-year post transplant (n = 260)	3-year post-transplant (n = 224)
Right atrial pressure (mm Hg)	7.2 ± 4.1	7.2 ± 4.2
< 10 mmHg	76%	72%
10-14 mmHg	19%	23%
≥ 15 mmHg	5%	5%
Systolic PAP (mm Hg)	31.6 ± 8.5	30.7 ± 7.6
Diastolic PAP (mm Hg)	14.0 ± 4.7	14.5 ± 5.1
Mean PAP (mm Hg)	21.4 ± 5.8	21.3 ± 5.7
> 20 mmHg	52%	55%
Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (mm Hg)	11.8 ± 4.7	12.3 ± 4.7a
≤ 12 mmHg	62%	55%
13-17 mmHg	26%	30%
≥ 18 mmHg	12%	15%
Cardiac output (L/minute)	5.9 ± 1.4	5.6 ± 1.2
Cardiac index (L/minute/m2)	2.9 ± 0.6	2.6 ± 0.5
Pulmonary vascular resistance (Wood units)	1.7 ± 0.7	1.7 ± 0.7
> 2 Wood units	27%	29%

^aP < 0.05 3-year vs 1-year post-transplant.

PAP: Pulmonary artery pressure.

Table 4 P values for multivariate analysis for correlation between clinical variables and right atrial pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure at 1-year and 3-year post transplant

	1-year			3-year
	RAP	Mean PAP	PCWP	RAP	Mean PAP	PCWP
Recipient age	0.524	0.318	0.485	0.927	0.054	0.720
Recipient BMI	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Donor age	0.022	0.057	0.017	0.288	0.591	0.168
Donor BMI	0.385	0.342	0.354	0.839	0.896	0.852
Ischemic time	0.300	0.972	0.496	0.961	0.403	0.847
PHM difference	0.036	0.120	0.008	0.455	0.664	0.377
Coronary artery vasculopathy	0.312	0.076	0.037	0.443	0.023	0.237
Donor specific antibodies	0.337	0.803	0.519	0.086	0.114	0.041

BMI: Body mass index; PAP: Pulmonary artery pressure; PCWP: Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; RAP: Right atrial pressure; PHM: Predicted heart mass.